Metrologi Industri & Kontrol Kualitas

#10 Control Charts for

Variables

Rusnaldy, PhD

Lab. Metrologi Industri

Teknik Mesin Undip
2010
Teknik Mesin Undip

Histograms do not
take into account
changes over time.

Control charts
can tell us
when a process
changes

VARIATION
No two objects are ever made exactly alike
No two natural items in any category are the same
If two items appear to have the same measurement, it
is due to to the limits of our measuring instruments
Large

: height of human being

Variation
Very Small : weight of fiber tipped pens
Items are identical

Percision instruments will show differences

Three categories of variations

Within-piece variation
surface roughness

Piece-to-piece variation
occure among pieces produced at the same time

Time-to-time variation
the difference in product produced at different times of the day

Source of variation
Equipment
-tool wear, machine vibration, electrical fluctuation

Material
-tensile strength, ductility, thickness, porosity, moisture content

Environment
-temperature, light, radiation, particle size, pressure, humidity

Operator
-method, physical and emotional, personal problem

Inspection
-faulty inspection equipment, incorrect application of a quality standard,
too heavy a pressure on a micrometer

THE CONTROL CHART METHOD

Is a means of visualizing the variations that occur in
the central tendency and dispersion of a set of
observations

X chart : central tendency

Charts
R chart: dispersion

OBJECTIVES OF VARIABLE CC
For achieving quality improvement
To determine the process capability
For decisions in regard to product specifications
For current decisions in regard to the production
process
For current decisions in regard to recently produced
items

CONTROL CHART TECHNIQUES

Individual Values compared to Averages

Control Limits and Specifications

Control Limits : are established as a function of the averages. Control charts
can not determine if the process is meeting specifications
Specifications: are the permissible variation in the size of the parts and are for
individual values. Established by design engineer

Process Capability (6)

(1) 6 < U - L

(1) 6 = U - L

(1) 6 > U - L