Referencing your

work using
Harvard

A printable copy of the online referencing tool

Version (1.3 30/09/2008)

Contents
Referencing Books

Referencing Journals

Referencing Electronic Media

10

Referencing Electronic resources

13

Referencing Government and Official Documents

17

Referencing Other Resources

19

Secondary Referencing

23

Referencing direct quotes

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Books

Journals

Electronic media

10

11

12

Electronic resources

13

14

15

16

Referencing Government and Official

Documents

17

18

Other resources

19

20

21

22

Secondary Referencing
If you are reading a source by one author (in our example McKechnie (1998)) and
they cite or quote work by another author (in our example Wing, Lee and Chen
(1994)) you may in turn cite or quote the original work (e.g. that of Wing et al.
(1994)) as a SECONDARY REFERENCE.
It is always best practice to try and locate the original reference and secondary
references should only be used if it is difficult to access the original work. You must
remember that in a secondary reference you are seeing the original author's work
from someone else's perspective.
This panel shows you how to reference a secondary or indirect reference type. It
should be used in conjunction with the guidelines demonstrated in the referencing
tool for the appropriate referencing types used.

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Direct Quotes
This panel shows you how to reference a direct quotation. It should be used in
conjunction with the guidelines demonstrated in the referencing tool for the
appropriate referencing types used.
Do not confuse quotations with citations. A citation is the practice of referring to the
work of other authors in the text of your assignments.
A direct quotation is where you copy the exact words used by an author and place
them unaltered directly into your work. Direct quotations need to be in quotation
marks as shown in the example here.

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