SCTP Technical Tutorial

LongReach Technical Tutorial
John Rumsey
Senior Systems Engineer
LongReach Networks
Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol
Page 1
Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Next Generation Networks
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol
User Adaptation Layers for SCTP
SCTP Packets
Establishing the Connection (Association)
Data Transmission
Closing the Connection (Association)
Multihoming Operation
Congestion Control
Security Issues
Page 2
PB
X
in
all
Media Gateway
Control Protocol
gn
Si
Legacy ISDN
Subscriber
X
PB
Si
gn
al
lin
g
Softswitch or
Media Gateway Controller
PBX
PBX
IP Network
Legacy ISDN
Subscriber
Media
Gateway
Media
Gateway
Page 3
PB
X
in
all
Media Gateway
Control Protocol
gn
Si
Legacy ISDN
Subscriber
X
PB
Si
gn
al
lin
g
Softswitch or
PBX
PBX
IP Network
Legacy ISDN
Subscriber
Media
Gateway
Media
Gateway
Page 4
PB
X
in
all
Media Gateway
Control Protocol
gn
Si
Legacy ISDN
Subscriber
X
PB
Si
gn
al
lin
g
Softswitch or
PBX
PBX
IP Network
Legacy ISDN
Subscriber
Media
Gateway
Media
Gateway
Page 5
PB
X
in
all
Media Gateway
Control Protocol
gn
Si
Legacy ISDN
Subscriber
X
PB
Si
gn
al
lin
g
Softswitch or
IP Network
Media
Gateway
PBX
PBX
Voice Connection
Legacy ISDN
Subscriber
Media
Gateway
Page 6
How are Services are carried over IP

Voice is carried over IP using Real Time Protocol but how is
PBX
signalling carried?
?? PBX Signalling / RTP or UDP or TCP / IP ??
Media
Gateway
Voice
/ RTP
/ IP
Softswitch or
Media Gateway
Controller
Page 7
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol

Good Points
Provides Reliable, In-Sequence delivery of data packets
Supports Congestion Control and Avoidance Features
Bad Points
TCP transports a byte stream which must be delivered in order
Doesnt Support Multistreaming
Vulnerable to Denial of Service Attacks
Doesnt support Multihoming or Path Monitoring
Page 8

SCTP has been specifically designed to provide reliable, error free
transport of message oriented applications over IP
PBX
PBX Signalling
Steam Control Transmission Protocol
Media
Gateway
Softswitch or
Media Gateway
Controller
Supports the good aspects of TCP and fixes the bad aspects of TCP
Page 9

SCTP provides the backhauling of signalling messages between a
Signalling Gateway and a Media Gateway Controller, over an IP
network
Signalling Gateway
PBX
SCTP
Media
Gateway
Softswitch or
Media Gateway
Controller
Page 10
PBX
PBX
PBX
Supports multiple signalling streams over a

single SCTP connection (association)
PBX
Signalling Gateway
Media
Gateway
Softswitch or
Media Gateway
Controller
PBX
PBX
PBX
PBX
PBX
PBX
SCTP
Page 11
PBX
PBX
PBX
User Adaptation Layer
PBX
Signalling Gateway
Media
Gateway
Softswitch or
Media Gateway
Controller
PBX
PBX
PBX
PBX
PBX
PBX
xUA / SCTP
Page 12
User Adaptation Layers for SCTP

IUA/SCTP
The transport of ISDN Q.921 user messages over IP
DUA/SCTP
The transport of DASS/DPNSS messages over IP
V5UA/SCTP
The transport of V5.2 messages over IP
MTP2/SCTP
The transport of Signalling System 7 Message Transfer Part 2 (SS7 MTP2) user
signalling messages over IP
MTP3/SCTP
The transport of any SS7 MTP3 - User signalling (e.g., ISUP and SCCP messages)
over IP
SUA/SCTP
The transport of any Signalling Connection Control Part - User signalling over IP
Page 13
Why Use SCTP?

SCTP is a reliable transport protocol
Specifically designed for transport of message oriented applications
Acknowledged error free transfer of messages
Detection of data corruption, loss of data and duplication of data
Selective retransmission to correct lost or corrupted data
Heartbeat actively monitors connectivity of session
Resistance to Denial of Service attacks
Supports several streams within a connection (or association)
Page 14
SCTP Stream
SCTP Node A
SCTP Node B
SCTP User
Application
Same layer as TCP

and UDP applications
SCTP User
Application
SCTP
Transport
Service
Same layer as
TCP and UDP
SCTP
Transport
Service
IP Network
Service
IP Network Transport
IP Network
Service
Page 15
SCTP Packets
An SCTP packet forms the payload of an IP packet
Type
Value
Length
Flags
Type
Checksum
Verification
Tag
Destination
Port
Source
Port
Flags
SCTP Header
Length
Chunk 1
Value
Chunk N
An SCTP packet consists of a 12 byte common header

and one or more Chunks
Page 16
SCTP Header
Source Port & Destination Port
- Uses same port concept as TCP and UDP
Verification
Tag
- Exchanged between endpoints at startup

- 2 per Association
- To Validate the sender
Checksum
Verification Tag
Checksum
- Protected by 32 bit checksum (CRC32
algorithm)
Destination
Port
Source
Port
SCTP Header
Page 17
Chunks
Type
Value
Length
Flags
Type
Checksum
Verification
Tag
Destination
Port
Source
Port
Flags
SCTP Header
Length
Chunk 1
Value
Chunk N
Page 18
Chunks
Type
- Used to distinguish data chunks and different
types of control chunks
Chunk
Type
Flags
Length
Value
Flags
- Usage depends on Chunk type
Length
- Required because chunks have a variable
length
Value
- Payload field
Page 19
Type
Flags
Length
Value
0
Payload Data
Chunk Types
1
Initiation
2
Initiation Acknowledgement
3
Selective Acknowledgement
4
Heartbeat Request
5
Heartbeat Acknowledgement
6
Abort
7
Shutdown
8
Shutdown Acknowledgement
Chunk
9
Operation Error
10
State Cookie
11
Cookie Acknowledgement
12
Reserved for Explicit Congestion Notification Echo
13
Reserved for Congestion Window Reduced
14
Shutdown Complete
15-62 Reserved by IETF
N
2
1 1
63
IETF-defined Chunk Extensions
127
191
255
IETF-defined
Chunk Extensions
Technical Tutorial Stream Control
Transmission
Protocol
Page 20
Establishing the Association

SCTP
Endpoint A
CLOSED STATE
INIT chunk
SCTP
Endpoint B
CLOSED STATE
COOKIE-WAIT
INIT-ACK chunk (contains COOKIE)
COOKIE-ECHO chunk
COOKIE-ECHOED
ESTABLISHED
COOKIE-ACK chunk
ESTABLISHED
DATA chunk(s)
Page 21

SCTP
Endpoint A
CLOSED STATE
INIT chunk
SCTP
Endpoint B
CLOSED STATE
COOKIE-WAIT
Endpoint
EndpointAAsends
sendsan
anInitiation
Initiationchunk
chunkand
andenters
entersthe
theCOOKIE
COOKIE
WAIT
WAITstate
state
Page 22
Initiation (INIT) Chunk

Type = 1
Chunk Flags
Chunk Length
Initiate Tag
Advertised Receiver Window Credit (a_rwnd)
Number of Outbound Streams
Number of Inbound Streams
Initial Transmission Sequence Number (TSN)

Optional/Variable-Length Parameters
IPv4 Address Parameter (Optional Parameter)

Type = 5
Length = 8
IPv4 Address
Page 23

SCTP
Endpoint A
CLOSED STATE
INIT chunk
SCTP
Endpoint B
CLOSED STATE
COOKIE-WAIT
INIT-ACK chunk
Endpoint
EndpointBBreceives
receivesthe
theINIT
INITChunk
Chunkand
andanalyses
analysesthe
thedata
data
From
Fromthe
thedata
dataititgenerates
generatesaasecure
securehash
hashusing
usingaasecret
secretkey
key
The
Thevalues
valuesare
arethen
thenput
putinto
intoaaCOOKIE,
COOKIE,along
alongwith
withthe
thederived
derived
message
messageauthentication
authenticationcode
code(MAC)
(MAC)
The
TheCOOKIE
COOKIEisissent
sentto
tothe
thesender
senderof
ofthe
theINIT
INITChunk
Chunkin
inan
anINIT
INIT
ACK
ACKChunk
Chunk
Endpoint
EndpointBBremains
remainsin
inthe
theCLOSED
CLOSEDSTATE
STATE
Page 24
Initiation Acknowledgement (INIT ACK) Chunk

Type = 2
Chunk Flags
Chunk Length
Initiate Tag
Number of Outbound Streams
Number of Inbound Streams
Initial Transmission Sequence Number (TSN)

Optional/Variable-Length Parameters
State Cookie Parameter (Mandatory Parameter)

Type = 7
Parameter Length
Parameter Value
Page 25

SCTP
Endpoint A
CLOSED STATE
INIT chunk
SCTP
Endpoint B
CLOSED STATE
COOKIE-WAIT
COOKIE-ECHO chunk
COOKIE-ECHOED
Endpoint
EndpointAAtakes
takesthe
theCOOKIE
COOKIEfrom
fromthe
theINIT-ACK
INIT-ACKchunk,
chunk,places
placesititininaa
COOKIE
COOKIEECHO
ECHOchunk
chunkand
andreturns
returnsititto
toEndpoint
EndpointBB
Endpoint
EndpointAAenters
entersthe
theCOOKIE-ECHOED
COOKIE-ECHOEDSTATE
STATE
Page 26
Cookie Echo (COOKIE ECHO) Chunk
Type = 10
Chunk Flags
Length
Cookie
Page 27

SCTP
Endpoint A
CLOSED STATE
INIT chunk
SCTP
Endpoint B
CLOSED STATE
COOKIE-WAIT
COOKIE-ECHO chunk
COOKIE-ECHOED
Endpoint
EndpointBBunpacks
unpacksthe
thedata
datacontained
containedininthe
theCOOKIE
COOKIEand
anduses
usesthe
the
Message
MessageAuthentication
AuthenticationCode
Code(MAC)
(MAC)to
toverify
verifywhether
whetherititwas
wasthe
theoriginator
originatorof
of
this
thisCOOKIE
COOKIE
IfIfthe
theMAC
MACcomputes
computesOK,
OK,the
thedata
datavalues
valuescontained
containedininthe
theCOOKIE
COOKIEare
are
used
usedto
toinitialise
initialisethe
theSCTP
SCTPinstance
instance
Page 28

SCTP
Endpoint A
CLOSED STATE
INIT chunk
SCTP
Endpoint B
CLOSED STATE
COOKIE-WAIT
COOKIE-ECHO chunk
COOKIE-ECHOED
ESTABLISHED
COOKIE-ACK chunk
ESTABLISHED
Page 29
Cookie Acknowledgement (COOKIE ACK) Chunk
Type = 11
Chunk Flags
Length = 4
Page 30
Data Transmission
SCTP
Endpoint A
ESTABLISHED
STATE
SCTP
Endpoint B
DATA chunk(s)
ESTABLISHED
STATE
Page 31
Payload Data Chunk

Type = 0
Reserv. U B E
Length
Transmission Sequence Number (TSN)

Stream Identifier S
Stream Sequence Number N
Payload Protocol Identifier

User Data (seq. n of Stream S)
Page 32
Data Transmission
SCTP
Endpoint A
ESTABLISHED
STATE
SCTP
Endpoint B
DATA chunk
SACK chunk
ESTABLISHED
STATE
The
TheSelective
SelectiveAcknowledgement
AcknowledgementChunk
Chunkisisused
usedto
to
acknowledge
acknowledgereceived
receivedData
DataChunks,
Chunks,and
andto
toinform
inform
of
ofgaps
gapsin
inthe
thesequence
sequenceof
ofData
DataChunks
Chunks
Page 33
Selective Acknowledgement (SACK) Chunk

Type = 3
Chunk Flags
Chunk Length
Cumulative Transmission Sequence Number (TSN) Ack

Number of Gap Ack Blocks = N
Number of Duplicate TSNs = X
Gap Ack Block #1 Start
Gap Ack Block #1 End
Gap Ack Block #N Start
Gap Ack Block #N End
Duplicate Transmission Sequence Number (TSN) 1
Duplicate Transmission Sequence Number (TSN) N
Page 34
Acknowledging DATA Chunks

SCTP
Endpoint A
SCTP
Endpoint B
DATA chunk TSN=100
DATA chunk TSN=101
DATA chunk TSN=102
DATA chunk TSN=103
DATA chunk TSN=104
DATA chunk TSN=105
DATA chunk TSN=106
DATA chunk TSN=107
DATA chunk TSN=108
SACK chunk Cumulative TSN=108
Page 35
Acknowledging DATA Chunks

DATA chunk TSN=109
DATA chunk TSN=110
DATA chunk TSN=111
DATA chunk TSN=112
DATA chunk TSN=113
DATA chunk TSN=114
DATA chunk TSN=115 X
X
DATA chunk TSN=116
DATA chunk TSN=117
DATA chunk TSN=118
DATA chunk TSN=119
DATA chunk TSN=120
DATA chunk TSN=121
DATA chunk TSN=122
DATA chunk TSN=123
X
DATA chunk TSN=124
DATA chunk TSN=125
DATA chunk TSN=126
SACK chunk Cumulative TSN=113
Gap Ack Block #1 Start = +3 End = +9
Gap Ack Block #2 Start = +11 End = +13
Page 36
Terminating the Association

Graceful Termination of an Association
All outstanding data will be acknowledged before shutdown
Aborting the Association
Shutdown immediately on receiving the ABORT chunk
Special Cases
Restart of an Endpoint where it uses a new tag value
Both endpoint send an INIT chunk at about the same time
Excessive delay of Cookie chunks
Page 37
Graceful Termination of the Association

SCTP
Endpoint A
ESTABLISHED
STATE
SHUTDOWN
PENDING STATE
DATA chunk(s)
SCTP
Endpoint B
ESTABLISHED
STATE
SACK chunk
The
Theinitiator
initiatorof
ofthe
theshutdown
shutdownenters
entersSHUTDOWN
SHUTDOWN
PENDING
PENDINGstate
stateand
andwaits
waitsfor
forall
alloutstanding
outstandingdata
datato
to
be
beacknowledged
acknowledged
ItItwill
willnot
notaccept
acceptany
anynew
newdata
datafrom
fromits
itsupper
upper
layers
layersbut
butwill
willretransmit
retransmitdata
datato
toEndpoint
EndpointBBifif
necessary
necessary
Page 38

SCTP
Endpoint A
ESTABLISHED
STATE
SHUTDOWN
PENDING STATE
Payload Data chunk(s)
SCTP
Endpoint B
ESTABLISHED
STATE
SACK chunk
SHUTDOWN chunk
SHUTDOWN
SENT STATE
SHUTDOWN
RECEIVED STATE
Endpoint
EndpointAAsends
sendsaaSHUTDOWN
SHUTDOWNchunk
chunkto
to
Endpoint
EndpointBBand
andenters
entersthe
theSHUTDOWN
SHUTDOWNSENT
SENTstate
state
On
Onreceipt
receiptof
ofthe
theSHUTDOWN
SHUTDOWNchunk,
chunk,Endpoint
EndpointBB
enters
entersthe
theSHUTDOWN
SHUTDOWNRECEIVED
RECEIVEDstate
state
Page 39
Shutdown Association (SHUTDOWN) Chunk
Type = 7
Chunk Flags
Length = 8
Cumulative Transmission Sequence Number (TSN) Ack
Page 40

SCTP
Endpoint A
ESTABLISHED
STATE
SHUTDOWN
PENDING STATE
ESTABLISHED
STATE
SACK chunk
SHUTDOWN chunk
SHUTDOWN
SENT STATE
SCTP
Endpoint B
SHUTDOWN
RECEIVED STATE
SACK chunk
Endpoint
EndpointBBwaits
waitsfor
forall
alloutstanding
outstandingdata
datato
tobe
be
acknowledged
acknowledged
ItItwill
willnot
notaccept
acceptany
anynew
newdata
datafrom
fromits
itsupper
upper
layers
layersbut
butwill
willretransmit
retransmitdata
datato
toEndpoint
EndpointAAifif
necessary
necessary
Page 41

SCTP
Endpoint A
ESTABLISHED
STATE
SHUTDOWN
PENDING STATE
ESTABLISHED
STATE
SACK chunk
SHUTDOWN chunk
SHUTDOWN
SENT STATE
SCTP
Endpoint B
SHUTDOWN
RECEIVED STATE
SACK chunk
SHUTDOWN ACK chunk
SHUTDOWN ACK
SENT STATE
Endpoint
EndpointBBsends
sendsaaSHUTDOWN
SHUTDOWNACK
ACKchunk
chunkto
to
Endpoint
EndpointAAand
andenters
entersthe
theSHUTDOWN
SHUTDOWNACK
ACKSENT
SENT
state
state
Page 42
Shutdown Acknowledgement (SHUTDOWN ACK) Chunk
Type = 8
Chunk Flags
Length = 4
Page 43

SCTP
Endpoint A
ESTABLISHED
STATE
SHUTDOWN
PENDING STATE
SCTP
Endpoint B
SACK chunk
SHUTDOWN chunk
SHUTDOWN
SENT STATE
SHUTDOWN
RECEIVED STATE
SACK chunk
SHUTDOWN ACK chunk
CLOSED STATE
ESTABLISHED
STATE
SHUTDOWN COMPLETE chunk
SHUTDOWN ACK
SENT STATE
CLOSED STATE
Page 44
Shutdown Complete (SHUTDOWN COMPLETE) Chunk
Type = 14
Reserved
Length = 4
Page 45
Abort Association (ABORT) Chunk

Type = 6
Reserved
Length
Zero or more Error Causes
Operation Error (ERROR) Chunk

Type = 9
Length
Chunk Flags
One or more Error Causes
Error Cause
Cause Code
Cause Length
Cause Specific Information
Page 46
Error Causes
1. Invalid Stream Identifier
2. Missing Mandatory Parameter
3. Stale Cookie Error
4. Out of Resource
5. Unresolvable Address
6. Unrecognised Chunk Type
7. Invalid Mandatory Parameter
8. Unrecognised Parameters
9. No User Data
10. Cookie Received While Shutting Down
Page 47
Both
Boththe
theINIT
INITand
andINIT
INITACK
ACK
chunks
chunkscontain
containlists
listsof
ofIP
IP
addresses,
addresses,which
whichare
areexchanged
exchanged
during
duringINITIATION
INITIATIONof
ofassociation
association
IP address A1
INIT ACK
SCTP
Endpoint A
IP address A2
The
TheSource
SourceIP
IPAddress
Addressin
inthe
the
INIT
INITchunk
chunkisisused
usedas
asthe
the
destination
destinationaddress
addressfor
forthe
the
INIT
INITACK
ACKresponse
response
INIT
IP address B1
SCTP
Endpoint B
IP address B2
Page 48
Endpoints will monitor data timeouts and the number of
retransmissions to determine the suitability of the path
IP address A1
SACK
SCTP
Endpoint A
IP address A2
DATA
IP address B1
DA
SCTP
Endpoint B
IP address B2
Page 49
Retransmitted Data chunks will be sent over both paths if the
status of one path is suspect
IP address A1
SCTP
Endpoint A
IP address A2
DATA
IP address B1
SCTP
Endpoint B
DATA
IP address B2
SACK
Page 50
All faulty paths will be marked as Out of Service
Out of Service
IP address A1
SCTP
Endpoint A
IP address A2
IP address B1
SCTP
Endpoint B
DATA
IP address B2
DA
SACK
Page 51
Heartbeat chunks are sent periodically to all inactive IP addresses
Non responding IP addresses will be marked as Out of Service
IP address A1
Heartbeat Ack
SCTP
Endpoint A
IP address A2
Heartbeat
IP address B1
SCTP
Endpoint B
Heartbeat
IP address B2
Heartbeat Ack
Page 52
Heartbeat Request (HEARTBEAT) Chunk

Type = 4
Chunk Flags
Heartbeat Length
Heartbeat Information TLV (Variable Length)
Heartbeat Acknowledgement (HEARTBEAT ACK) Chunk

Type = 5
Chunk Flags
Heartbeat Ack Length
Heartbeat Information TLV (Variable Length)
Page 53
Congestion Control
Basically congestion is controlled by observing the number of
packets lost and modifying the transmission rate accordingly
Congestion Control Window
Represents the senders view of network conditions
Dynamically changed to suit network conditions
Receiver Window Size

Represents the senders view of the receivers incoming buffer space
Updated by the receiver in SACK chunks (Advertised Receiver Window Credit)
Page 54
Congestion Control

Slow Start
Threshold
The
TheCongestion
CongestionControl
ControlWindow
Window
dictates
dictateshow
howmany
manyData
DataChunks
Chunks
can
canbe
betransmitted
transmittedbefore
beforeyou
youmust
must
wait
waitfor
foran
anAcknowledgement
Acknowledgement
SCTP
Endpoint A
DATA
SCTP
Endpoint B
Page 55
Congestion Control

Slow Start
Threshold
IfIfpackets
packetsare
arebeing
beingsuccessfully
successfullydelivered
delivered
and
andacknowledged.
acknowledged. The
TheCongestion
Congestion
Control
ControlWindow
Windowwill
willbe
beincreased.
increased.
SCTP
Endpoint A
DATA DATA
SCTP
Endpoint B
Page 56
Congestion Control

Slow Start
Threshold
Slow Start
Threshold
IfIflost
lostpackets
packetsare
arebeing
beingexperienced,
experienced,
the
theCongestion
CongestionControl
ControlWindow
Windowwill
will
be
bereset,
reset,and
andthe
theSlow
SlowStart
Start
Threshold
Thresholdmay
maybe
belowered.
lowered.
SCTP
Endpoint
A
SACK
SACK
DATA
SCTP
Endpoint B
Page 57
Congestion Control
Receiver Buffer Window
Slow Start
Threshold
SCTP
Endpoint
A
SACK
SACK
DATA DATA
SCTP
Endpoint B
Page 58
Security Considerations
Verification Tag and Cookie Mechanisms to stop Denial of Service
Attacks
SCTP specifies the use of IPSec if strong security is required
RFC 3436 describes the usage of the Transport Layer Security (TLS)
protocol, as defined in RFC 2246, over the Stream Control
Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
Page 59

SCTP Technical Tutorial

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LongReach Technical Tutorial

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Next Generation Networks

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Next Generation Networks

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Next Generation Networks

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Next Generation Networks

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

How are Services are carried over IP

?? PBX Signalling / RTP or UDP or TCP / IP ??

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

TCP - Transmission Control Protocol

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Supports multiple signalling streams over a

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Stream Control Transmission Protocol

User Adaptation Layer

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

User Adaptation Layers for SCTP

Why Use SCTP?

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Same layer as TCP

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

An SCTP packet consists of a 12 byte common header

- Exchanged between endpoints at startup

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

- Usage depends on Chunk type

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Establishing the Association

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Establishing the Association

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Initiation (INIT) Chunk

Number of Inbound Streams

Initial Transmission Sequence Number (TSN)

IPv4 Address Parameter (Optional Parameter)

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Establishing the Association

Initiation Acknowledgement (INIT ACK) Chunk

Number of Inbound Streams

Initial Transmission Sequence Number (TSN)

State Cookie Parameter (Mandatory Parameter)

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Establishing the Association

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Cookie Echo (COOKIE ECHO) Chunk

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Establishing the Association

Establishing the Association

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Cookie Acknowledgement (COOKIE ACK) Chunk

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Technical Tutorial Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Payload Data Chunk

Transmission Sequence Number (TSN)

Stream Sequence Number N