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2. The
AL sin 2 AT cos 2
cos
(Hughes formula)
ur ur ur
V R V w V s
pa
&
are
pb
determined based
on the figures at
the right.
A special case
(head wind)
0, 0,
F R
0.0068kV 2 AT
Speed/length ratio
0.70
1.0
Large fast quadruple-screw ships 10-16%
10-16%
Small fast twin-screw ships
20-30%
17-15%
Small medium V twin-screw ships 12-30%
10-23%
Large medium V twin-screw ships 8-14%
8-14%
All single-screw ships
2-5%
2-5%
1.6
10-15%
S
V
m
m m
2
Vm Lm
2. Based on Re m
, computing CFm using a friction formula
m
for a flat plate;
3. Computing the residual resistance coeff. CRm CTm CFm ;
4. FN s FN m , VS mVm , Based on the Froude assumption,
CRS CRm ;
5. Based on Re S
VS LS
CT s C f s CR s C f s CT m C f m ;
m Ls / Lm 140 / 4.9
1. CT ~ Re or CT ~ Fr
RT
V
V
~
or
2.
gL
L
3. circle K & circle C system, C ~ K
1
2
4
V
K
1
1 ,
1
2
6
g
g
6
4
V
RT 1000
C
2
K
g
4
1
2
1
6
V
gL
RT 1000 g 13
C
2
V 4
4 L
1
2
1
6
Fr 4
1
2
1
3
RT 1000 S
1000 S
CT
2
2
2
3
SV 8
8 3
V
or
V
When increase in speed, w
, C increases with K
Dimensional Form of circle C & circle K
K 0.5834
V
1
6
RT
2
3
2936
EHP
3
2
V
V
where V - knots, RT - tons, and - tons.
C
400
427.1
L
Alexander formula (similar to the above)
V
2 1.08 CB , V is trial speed
LPP
CB A B
V
2 1.06 CB , V is service speed
LPP
Troast formula
Vsus
1.85 CP , Vsus is the sustained sea speed.
LPP
B
B
Breadth/ draught ratio,
, R & , R
T
T
Longitudinal distribution of displacement: longitudunal
position of C.B, (L.C.B), usually it is slightly positive for
a slow ship & about 10% behind the midship for a speedy
ship.
Length of parallel middle body: easy for manufacture &
longer for a fat ship, but does not present for a slim ship.
Shape of section (Loaded.W.L., sectional-area curve)
Bulbous bows: decrease the wave-making resistance &
decrease the form resistance. But only effective for
a limited range of speed (usu. not work for warships).
(see p168)
Data Sheets
Series Experiments
A series of models is a set of models in which the principal
characteristics are changed in a systematic manner. The
purposes of having resistance test of a series of models are:
1. A series of tests can be made to ascertain the best form of the
ship to give minimum resistance & this would involve tests
run with various alterations to some basic form.
2. The data from the tests of series models can be used to
estimate the resistance & EHP of a ship
L B
V
CB ,
,
&
.
B T
LWL
i.) RR , in pounds,
400 ft
400 ft
L B
as a function of CB ,
,
& K.
B T
includes the model-ship correlation
C vs. K
RR
V
or
vs.
L B
Based on LWL , Lpp , B, T , CB , C p & L.C.B ( L pp BTCB ), 1 , .
3 T
L
B
S
1. Based on , CB & , we find 2 using the diagrams.
B
T
3
B
If 2.5 (3.0 or 3.5), using interpolation or extrapolation;
T
V
2. Given velo., computing
(speed/length ratio) or vice verse;
LWL
3. Based on
V
L B
R
, , & CB , using the diagram to find R , & then RR .
LWL B T