Measures of Location

Dr. Romario Bhong P. Ybaez

Research Director
St. Paul University Dumaguete

MEASURES OF LOCATION
(FRACTILES)
1.

Quartiles (Qi)
(i /4)(n) values of the ordered set lies
below Qi.
One-fourth or 25% < Q1.
Half or 50% < Q2
(Q2= Md)
Three-fourths or 75% < Q3

 Example
1. 2 4 6 8

Q1 Q2 Q3
Q 1 : values for which

1
( 4 ) 1 values lies below it
4

2 4
Qi
3
2
2
Q 2 : value for which
( 4 ) 2 values lies below it
4
46
Q2
5
2
3
( 4 ) 3 values lie below it
Q 3 : value for which
4
68
Q3
7
2

 2. 3 5

Q1

7
Q2

9 12
Q3

1
Q1 : values for which (5) 1.25 values lies below it
4
35 8
Qi
4
2
2
2
Q2 : value for which (5) 2.5 values lies below it
4
Q2 7
3
Q 3 : value for which (5) 3 .75 values lie below it
4
79
Q3
8
2

 2. Deciles (Di)
(i/10)(n) values of the ordered set lies below Di.
One-tenth or 10% < D1.
Two-tenths or 20% < D2.
In general, (i x 10)% of the data values are less
Di
D5 = Md
Example. Given the following scores
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30

 Solution:
1
24
D1 : (15) 1.5 1 value lie below it; D1
3
10
2
2
68
D2 : (15) 3 values lie below it ; D 2
7
10
2
3
8 10
D3 : (15) 4.5 4 values lie below it; D 3
9
10
2
4
12 14
D4 : (15) 6 values lie below it; D 4
13
2
10
5
D5 : (15) 7.5 values lie below it ; D 5 15
10

6
D6 : (15) 9 values lie below it; D 6 19
10
7
D7 : (15) 10 .5 10 values lie below it; D 7 21
10
8
D8 : (15) 12 values lie below it; D 8 25
10
9
D9 : (15) 13 .5 values lie below it; D 9 27
10

 3. Percentile (Pi)
(i/100)(n) values of the ordered set lies below
Pi.
One per cent < P1.
Two per cent < P2.
P50=Md=Q2; P25 = Q1; P75 = Q3
In general, i % < Pi.
Example. Given the following scores: 80, 92,
85, 87, 94, 83, 88, 91, 92, and 80.
Array: 80, 80, 83, 85, 87, 88, 91, 92, 92, 94

 Solution:
P25: 25%(10)=2.5; P25 =(80+83)/2 =81.5
P50: 50%(10) = 5;P50 =(87+88)/2= 87.5
P60: 60%(10) = 6; P60 = (88+91)/2=89.5
P75:75%(10)=7.5; P75=(91+92)/2= 91.5