‘THE UNIVERSITY OF TRINIDAD & TOBAGO FINAL ASSESSMENT/EXAMINATIONS APRIL 2014 Course Code and Title: STRU3001/STBG310B — Structural Design of Buildings Programme: BASc Civil Engineering Date and Time: Friday 25" April, 2014 - 1:00pm to 4:00pm Duration: 3 hrs PLEASE READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE YOU BEGIN THIS EXAMINATION Instructions to Candidates 1. This paper has 13 pages and 6 questions. 2. You are required to answer any four (4) of the six (6) questions Key Examination Protocol 1. Students please note that academic dishonesty (or cheating) includes but is not limited to plagiarism, collusion, falsification, replication, taking unauthorised notes or devices into an examination, obtaining an unauthorised copy of the examination paper, communicating or trying to communicate with another candidate during the examination, and being a party to impersonation in relation to an examination. 2. The above mentioned and any other actions which compromise the integrity of the academic evaluation process will be fully investigated and addressed in accordance with UTT’s academic regulations. 3. Please be reminded that speaking without the Invigilator’s permission is NOT allowed. (© The University of Trina & Tobago Page 1 of 13 ‘Api 2014 Final Examinations SSTRUSCOU/STBOSIOBQuestion 1 Building basements construction techniques are often driven by site constraints. Write a discussion on the available techniques that may be used when constructing a building basement, and the circumstances under which they may be utilized. [25 marks] Question 2 Significant damage to buildings from earthquake loading may be mitigated against, Write a discussion on the common causes of earthquake damage to buildings and how it may be mitigated against 125 marks] Question 3 Write a discussion on lateral systems that provide buildings with their global stability. [25 marks] (© The Unversity of Tiida Tebego Page? of 13 ‘Api! 2014 Fal Fxaminmions STRU30OUSTBOSIOB,Question 4 A control room for a power plant is to be located 2000 ft downwind of a hill escarpment. The topography of the land is shown in the diagram below. The power plant services a major city and provides 100% of the power to the city’s essential services such as its hospitals, fire services & telecommunication centers. ‘The plant is located outside the city at a site which is considered open terrain with scattered obstructions. ‘The control room is a two story building; its dimensions are shown in the diagram below. Design wind speeds for its location is 120mph measured at 33ft above ground using an averaging period for a 3 second gust. Wind Direction TOPOGRAPHY gestart ac Win Directon Wind Dreton gor a goorr | on | | | ELEVATION — PLAN a. Recommend an occupancy category and an exposure category for the control room structure. [2 marks} 'b, Caleulate the wind velocity pressure forthe building atthe first floor, second floor and mean roof height, [8 marks} ©. Assuming that the building is fully enclosed, calculate the wind pressures for the Main Wind-Force Resisting Systems (walls & roof structure), for a wind direction as shown in the diagram above. [15 marks] ‘© The Universiy of inital & Tobego ‘pil 2014 Final Examinations SSTRUBODIASTHGS105, Page 3 of 13Question 5 A Ten (10) story office building is to be designed as a concrete special moment resisting frame for seismic resistance. The buildings storey heights and storey weights are shown in the diagram below. bq a Vv na EL 1180FT Mea — x ~~ ve iwee leo a | een if | SSNS |e otm| NWNNS |v gee | NNW |e ee NY N NW oe wre | WINN NS |v qauaee N SY EL OFT p--- Sod. Vv Given the following site parameters: © The building is to be located in Port Of Spain, '* Soil Shear Wave velocity, ¥s = 1100 ft/s; Undrained shear strength of the soil Sx =1500 psf a, What is the seismic site classification based on arameters provided, also what would you recommend as the occupancy category of the building? [2 marks] b. Calculate the design earthquake base shear for the building, using the equivatent lateral foree procedure. (13 marks] ©, Calculate the earthquake storey forces for each level [10 marks} {©The Unive of Tina & Tobago Paged of 13 ‘Apil 2014 Fina Bearninatons STRUSNLSTEGSI0BQuestion 6 ‘A building has a trapezoidal floor plan as shown in the diagram below. Story shears are resisted by shear ‘walls whose arrangement is shown in the diagram. The coordinates of diaphragm edges and those of the ‘wall comers are as indicated, Assuming that a story shear due to seismic loads of 100 kips is applied in X direction, and that the width of all walls is one foot (If), All coordinates are in feet (15,60) (45,60) All walls are 1ft wide wali? (45,5) (40,5) X axis (60,0) a. Calculate the location of the center of mass of the building diaphragm, [5 marks] b. Calculate the location of the center of rigidity for the building. {10 marks] ¢. Calculate the torsion moment that would be derived from the storey shear applied at the floor. [2 marks] Calculate the total shear each wall carries due to storey shear load and the torsional moment you caleulated inc above. [8 marks] The Univesity of nil & Tobago Pages of 13 ‘Apil 2014 Final Examinations ‘STRUNOLSTBG3108“FORMULA SHEET Building Occupaney ‘TABLE 11 OCCUPANCY CATEGORY OF BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES FOR FLOOD, WIND, SHOW, EARTHQUAKE, ‘AND ICE LOADS. sara ey any ‘lig an eter ave at eat aw aro Roan ne al alah, bt Ue t Aiea is Goran epornry tie. 4 Mor tog sities Ti ings a ahr arate cee ios aed in Done) Cage) a i Teds nd ae azure hat eet sable eve fe, oa, bt a Tint WT ‘+ Buiings adobe res where mae tan 200 pope one toe 1 Bigs snd oer srvures wth yet cis weap et haa 5 1 lings acer seas wih elteniy sl wsoxny shoe aes tha apy er tha 280 1 Builingadaiarstuscre aha capt xtra 9 oc lees ra destin es etl eh Me en pews ig apy ence en is ‘elogs an ots nos nial eee Cie Vwi ptei ican als soem np aor ma. ‘pono days can ie a the eset of le, nda. bt oc Iie + Rove stato” 1 Nonywenmes ties 1 Somge wethnea fies “eevamminsuin seers Deg fs itd a Oseonsy Cen 1 inglg ba iid ee hs nace ps False fsa aie fra he oe crates, Reads maw eps cong ‘Sick gene resphare sobs dango oie puoi wet ‘Besdag and ter dct ceaining tsi explosive shsances Sl ge tase as Occ Cake I ‘suction Be eons le savas the adi ang en by 2rd ssn a rb a ‘Sexi 1.5.2 ta a ease of tea oexpls subtest pli, ‘ig. ad the sires eigaed nse fies sig a il W ‘ital andere ils ving sya emegeney tate Recs ree, alee od pole sas aiden el aes Designates, bree, or he eres se [Design emengnsy prepare, ci. operation enc ssl hr erage ene 1 Power geting tao ul ates pubic ey fies raged nv ety {Aes sattes eal bt hone, commune owe hel vag ts, ole towers lea subtion Sonate ewer sage ahs oer srcies hous upp sate frees ik ee rng or eprann of Osoency Coley W sts eu sa cree? ‘Avion contol owes, atl coat cae an ener ata gy 1 ae sorge eas a emp sce ged io mais wa res efi presion 1 uigs sets aig etal ation eee actions ‘Wald nl ot sts, bt at ae, ies seu. poss det, er spas of such sb ts zat fe zu chess riggs caning Wghly tsi ae wre he ity 1 fail eacea a eto tyes yea lain jsiictin ‘Boildliags aod other sevcwers coutaiaing highly toxic sebsianece shal be eligibic for classtiicatiny as Oocupancy Category It structnres if sea eomaaniodc ostn ih tyne re batt sc tbe 3a etic oue nasser eo: Titec sn a pare bs er once ones ot UU ‘©'Tho Univesity of Tinie & Tobago Page 6 of 13 Api 2014 Fira Exmintions STRUSCOUSTBGSIOB* FORMULA SHEET Wind Loads: Velocity Pressure: qe = 0.00256K,K,,K V7! (Ib/ft?) Wind Pressure: p= 466, — 9, (GCq:) ~ Enclosed and Partially Enclosed Structures p = qGCy - Open Structures Topographic Factor; Ku: 2 Kg = AF KKK) ESCARPMENT 2:0 RIDGE OR GD ARISYMIETRICAL HILL Ws Fear wie Riiier Tae a pf | sp me =] | aa igs | cara | Asim rare | other lage | racer. | Asan ith ‘it ap [oe ao || aa a a VT tage oage | os [too fos Passo 0s [oon tas oat—{—asr | os fea | oa | 00a | 90 tao [ot —| oar [oe [a0 [oa | 00] 030 | 0570 aas—| oes} ann [047 [29 ane} oan [20] oan [99 | 0 oe 390-0 one foo] 0a “400—[-a00 | “one [040] too | “oe ft a oc tao—| ~oos—| as [a2 oC a ED Notes: 1. Forvalues of H/a, Ml, and2/ts other than those shown, linear interpolation is permitted 2. For H/ig> 05 assume H/l,= 0.5 fr evaluating Kan! substitute 2H for ly for evaluating Ks and & 3 Multiper are based onthe assumption that wind approaches the hil or escarpment along the ddrection of maximum slope 4. Notation Hi Height of the hill or escarpment relative to the upwind terrain in feet (meters) Lyi Olstance upwind of crest to where the difference in ground elevation i half the helght of ‘the hil or escarpment in feet (meters). (©The University of Tinidd & Tobago Page of 13 ‘il 2014 Final Examinations SSTRUSCOVSTBG3IOBig Factorto account for shape of topographic feature anc maximum speed-up effect Kat Factor to account for reduction in speed-up with distance upwind or downwind of crest g_Factor to account for reduetion in speed-up with height ove focal terrain 1 Distance (upwind or downwind) from the crest tothe bulling sit, infest (meters) 2 Height above ground surface at bulling sta in feet (meters). bs Horaontal attenuation factor “7. Helght attenuation factor FORMULA SHEET Importance Factor, I: ‘Now-Hturrleane Prone Regions | Hurricane Prone Regioas Cunegery sul Hucrieane Prone Reglins swith 5+ 144) ph veith V = 85-r0W ang od Stash Wind Directionality Factor; Ky: © The Universi of Trinidad & Tobego Pages of 13 ‘April 2014 Final Bearaatons ‘STRUMOLSTEOS108Swaeture Type Direstionality Factor Ke" Boitdinus Main Wind Foree Resisting System Companents and Claditias, Arched Roofs Chimneys, antes, und Sienilur Structures Square Mexmgonal Roosid, Soitd Signs “Opes Siyns and Lattice Framework Trassedt Towers Friangatar, square, reetamgstar ‘All other eras seetions (© The Univessiy of Trinidad & Todo Page of 13 ‘Apit 2014 Final earinatons ‘STRUMGLSTBG3105Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficients; K, & Ky Exposare (Note 1) Height nbove foro level, 2 Open Buitdings Fartiaily Enclosed Buildings Enclosed Baitdlngs (© The University of Trinidad Tobago ‘Api 2014 Final Examinations STRUIODUSTEGSIOB Page 10 of 13FORMULA SHEET Pressure Coefficients: saa Wea Fare ata oe HoT aia vay tae ag magne Walls & Roofs Watl Pressure Coetficionts, Cy Were Lt & Caw Wistar Wal Rivas [os fe 7 o ecw Wat 2 a « i prea ae) = or, * Boat Bressure Coatioiniy, Oy for ose wim Tae Wal x Waawvard Teenard ‘Anes 0 (degresh Ante eee) TI Lee aT tras) oF : oie | ope oa | oa uf oe fee Boer a nee east as auie | Gig ay s ree [orn uF cleat ar ie | ots t3 | 03 | woo alee pied or apa perposes Horwisnee om Value san be rece tinea with ae ‘or which ie applieble me ows 8 Parad rey , ea qh | Raion Faster tariage [a0 | OO"? 1a 8 Spon. 7 16 — fos ef ae pe | cs 07-018 bri 2d a ag Tater 1 Pls ond rina signe signi presses acing tard and ee om the sure, oapeey 2 af slopes grate has ‘other fen stows foerpoiion 2 ony be [uinsortemptation 5 porate for value Of : alee af fas sighis Ewen, sue DO Fer imine ovr betteen vole of he sae sign Shere Sterpoltbon puns ‘i nn wal0gs 2% ised, ss ene ha fe wanda oof sap bie wo ceanive pressures ond ls roo! satu sll Cesgrau for bom codiions.Texpotation i aso lant en shal only be eed autora Cy wala TRE tah ere ‘Foviantostpe roti calles af ssreae i the 2 windward a louie ‘or fecinle iis sve appropri Cy 2 deter by Hecon ‘Rofeto Fig ards aus Figure fora oo fi: Thoeizostal dimension of bailing, ff sed name in wel lation 1 Hci Simenstan bls fst, oe para Ye nd Caen 4 Miva oui et ea) cep at sone hee bel ben for TO secs 2 Ipegat sone pon ee te Gate frie “doy psn, rss pr sare fos gL exahsed a espctive lh "Rng of slate ot roo om bozo dese. Fox he bri is nd ed tnd nis hl ees eva Suto fort a Eee or MTR a se on const mom resting Sans, the al vec SA Sal nt ‘Sete hawt ete egheting nee ones on ook rece er (©The Univeiy of Trinidad & Tobago Page 11 of 13 ‘Api 2014 Final Examinations STRUMOOUSTEGSIO8FORMULA SHEET Seismic Loads: Seismic Base Shear, V: v=qw Seismic Response Coefficient, Cs: Cs¢mas) = Catmreny = 0.02 Design Spectral Response Parameters Sps & Spr: 2 Sos=5Susi Sox = Sis Adjusted M.C.E, Spectral Response Acceleration Parameters, Sys & Swi: Sus = FaSct Sui = FoSt Site Coefficients: SITE COEFFICIENT, F. Sie [Mapped Nacinon Conided Eaigate Seca Ree Gn (tan Part Shot Pei wu S ste Sy 20s | Sci (SSE ao eee oo 2 to [1 tte | ef bof ot Bas 7 “113 |“ | a9 Soll eon Regie SITE COEFFICIENT, Fy Sie] Mappel cmva Cossee Farha Seca Rejnse are [zor Seu aor on =| 6 © ar bo [a is acs 2a r Spec voto Rea Site Classification: Siete 5, Tae 3, THiweck Saaie Wa wk Rak oto | WA Na Varden Tae [1001s 25002 | > 30 520 pt Disstid fone LON | —1Si959—] 19012000 So Cy 20 =a =i “Ino (© The Univesiy oF Tend & Tobago Page 12 of 13 ‘Api! 2014 Fal Exwinations ‘STRUBIOWSTRGSIORFORMULA SHEET Mapped Acceleration Parameters Ss & S;: Importance Factor, I: Tb Caer 7 Tel in 1 135 Ww is Approximate Fundamental Period, Ty: T, = Che, Values af approximate period parsmetes end x ‘SeacureType ee = ‘ents Daa ur enote manent sean ea | 0016 ts) ly tied so anes ay a5 ‘Ales tee ‘nr Os, Response Modification Coefficient: R ‘Sewn ee Resse prem eel Sil Meret rane ra Interdit Soa ones! Proms as (iy Stet Nomen rane 35 ‘Sel Sse Cost Bs Fae a0 ‘Stl Orne Conese ce rome 35 ‘Speci Rees] Cama Ses a Gen Refred Caner Stax 50 Vertical Distribution of Seismic Forces: R= Ca¥ wh lux Eh k=1forT< 05s; k= 2if T 2 25s; Interpolate k between 1 & (© The Univesity oF Trniad & Tobago Page 13 of 13 ‘Ail 2014 Fal Examinations ‘STBG3I08