Random motion

Diffusion
Rate of diffusion
depends on:
Mixture
Saturated
solution
Aqueous
solution
Pure substance
Impurity
When there is
an impurity in a
substance:
Residue
Filtrate
Uses of
fractional
distillation in
industry:
Uses of paper
chromatography
:
Locating agent
Rf value

Why is purity
important?
Filtration
Crystallization
Evaporation
Simple
distillation
Fractional
distillation
Paper
chromatography
Proton number
Nucleon number
Atoms
Elements
Compounds
Alloy
Ions
Period number
Group number
Metal atoms

Particles move in a random way, changing direction every time it hits

another particle.
Particles mix by colliding with each other and bouncing off in all directions.
This mixing process is called diffusion.
1) The mass of the particle
2) The temperature
A mixture contains more than one substance simply mixed together but
not chemically combined.
A solution which cannot dissolve anymore solute at that given temperature
A solution in water
A substance that has no particles of any other substance mixed with it.
An unwanted substance mixed with the substance you want.
1) Melting point falls, boiling point rises
2) The substance melts over a range of temperatures, not sharply
The trapped solid after filtration
The liquid that passes through the filter paper, into the flask
1) To refine crude oil into petrol and other groups of compounds
2) To produce ethanol
3) To separate gases in air
1) Identify a substance
2) Separate mixtures of substances
3) Purify a substance, by separating it from its impurities
Used in paper chromatography to make the substance show up, like
ninhydrin.
Distance moved by substance / distance moved by solvent.
The Rf value of a compound is always the same for a given solvent, under
the same conditions
1) Baby foods and milk powder
2) Drugs (vaccines and medicines)
3) Flavoring for food
To separate a solid from a liquid
To separate a solute from its solution
To separate a solute from its solution
To separate a solvent from a solution
To separate liquids from each other
Different substances from a solution
The number of protons in an atom.
The number of protons increase by 1 as you go across the periodic table.
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atoms is called its nucleon
number
The smallest particles of matter that cannot be broken down further by
chemical means.
An element contains only one kind of atom.
Made of atoms of different elements bonded together.
A metal is more useful when mixed with another substance. This mixture is
called an alloy.
A charged particle, formed by a gain or loss of electrons.
The horizontal rows in the periodic table
Shows the number of shells in the atom
Vertical columns in the periodic table
Shows the number of valency electrons in the atom
Lose electrons positive

Uses of aluminum
Manufacture of aircraft _strength, low density
Food containers (resistance to corrosion)