{Ue Hornung eV, Bette. (© No part of his standard may be reproduced without the prot permision of OIN Deutsches DEUTSCHE NORM Corrosion protection of steel structures by the application of organic or metallic coatings Preparation and testing of surfaces Korrosionsschutz von Staliibauten durch Beschichtungen und Uberziige; ‘Supersedes Vorbereitung und Priifung der Oberfléchen January 1977 edition. See Explanatory notes for connection with International Standard IS Organization for Standardization (180). ‘The DIN 55928 series of standards comprises the following Parts: DIN 55926 Part 1 General, concepts and corrosion loads DIN $5926 Part 2 Designing for the prevention of corrosion DIN 55928 Part 3 Planning of corrosion protection work DIN 55926 Part 4 Preparation and testing of surfaces Supplement 1 to y DIN 55928 Part 4 Representative photographic examples of surfaces att (standard preparation grade P Ma) ‘Supplement 1 At to DIN 55928 Part 4 Amendment 1 ta Suggiement US UMSEVIR GaN & ‘Supplement 2 to DIN 55928 Part 4 Representative photographic examples of surfaces after localized hi (standard preparation grade P Ma) ‘Supplement 2 At to DIN 55928 Part 4 Amendment 1 to Supplement 2 to DIN 55928 Part 4 DIN 55928 Part 5 Coating materials and protective systems DIN 55928 Part 6 Execution and inspection of corrosion protection work DIN 55928 Part 7 Reference areas DIN 55928 Part 8 (at present at the stage of draft) Corrosion elements DIN 55828 Part 9 Composition of binders and pigments for coating materials 3 8501-1: 1988 published by the International ter localized hand or power tool grinding jand or power tool grinding protection of loadbearing thin-walled building In cate of doubl he German-language eign should be corte as the authortatie text *% j \ cireecis: | . ae | Te ary Continued on pages 2 to 16 Tor German Standaras (DIN-Normen) DIN 55928 Part 4 Engl. Price group 7 ‘Sales No. O11PiPage 2 DIN 55928 Part 4 Content . Paw Paoe 1 Scope and field of application .... 2 4.10 _ Assessment of surface cleanliness 9 ae 2 410.1. Inspection for visible contaminants 210 4.10.2 Inspection for invisible contaminants -....... 10 1 Parameters of uncoated surfaces ...... 3 5 Roughness of surfaces............ = 10 .2 Parameters of coated surfaces = 3 51 General sevens . - 10 52 Assessment of the roughness of blasi-cleaned } Cleanliness of surfaces and surface ae Of Blastcleg preparation methods 3 ‘4.1 Cleanliness requirements and preparation 6 Temporary protection of prepared surfaces cases say ‘against corrosion and/or contamination nn h2 Removal of extraneous layers or 7 Preparation of temporarily protected surfaces ‘D contamination ..... 3 or of surfaces with incomplete coating system 143 Removal of layers or contamination deriving for further coating 4 from the substrate .... 4 7.1. Preparation of welded. riveted, bolted joints 3.1 Descaling . 4 and other COnneCtiONS ....ssseesseevssesseees 11 32 Derusting | I 4 7.2 Preparation of surfaces of organic coatings 143.3 Removal of corrosion products from zi for the application of further coatings ......... 11 coatings ......... eee 473. Preparation of hot-cip galvanized surfaces sii.4 Methods of mechanical suriace preparation... 4 for the application of coating ......... 1 14.4.2 Hand-tool cleaning ..... 5 during transport or assembly ot 43 Power-tool cleaning... 5 7.32. Preparation of unweathered hot-dip IK.5 Thermal surtace preparation (flame cieaning) =. 5 galvanized surfaces ...........+.5 " & Chemical surtace preparation (acid pickling) ... 9 7.33 Preparation of weathered hot-aip 14.7 Rust converters, rust stabilizers and Galvanized surtaces " PenetraMts ee eeeceeseceeeseseees 9 8 Influence of environmental conditions on ee eee a ere cleaning process and surface cleanliness ...... 9 ther relevant standards . Ik Protection of surroundings and environment Amendments . j during surface preparation ... crs... 9 Explanatory notes .... 1 Scope and field of application (1). The performance and durability of the corrosion pro- structures’) depend on a number of factors, but in particu- {aon the proper preparation of the surfaces to which they are to be applied, ie. the substrate. This standard describes Harious methods of surface preparation, indicates their relative effectiveness and fields of applications, and also specifies how the cleanliness of the surfaces after prepare tion is to be checked. Jo This standard is to be applied in conjunction with its Supplements 1 (and Amendment At) and 2 (and Amend ment At) (cf. notes to table 1) a) ‘for the preparation and inspection of the surfaces of ‘ew steel structures or building elements, which have ‘ot been previously coated, or to which only a tempo- “7 _rarycoating or only single layers ofthe specified coating system have been applied as initial protection (includ ing the temporary protection of rolled stee!) ®) for the preparation and inspection of the surfaces of 3} existing steel structures in connection with the repairor renewal of their corrosion protection: for the preparation ofthe surfaces of owalloy (weather- ing) structural steel, if this is due to be coated or only descaled; subject to agreement and by analogy, for the blast- leaning and inspection of other metal surlaces (eg cast products) tor the preparation of surta to th eerie prepa 1ces prior to thermospraying for the preparation of surf di Ing (oH DIN oman Of Surfaces prior o hot-cp galvaniz- for the preparation of the rubbing surfaces of HSFG joints (ct. DIN 18800 Part 7); fh) for application in shipbuilding in connection with the ‘STG-Richtlinie (Code of practice) 2215 Korrosionsschutz ftir Schitfe und Seebauwerke. Teil 1: Schitt, Seebauwerk und Ausristung — Neubau (Corrosion protection for ships and marine structures. Part 1: Ships, marine struc tures and equipment — New structures) 2); |) for the preparation of rust-resistant, self-passivating steel (cf. Bauvorschrift fiir Schitfe der Bundeswehr (Regulation for the construction of ships of the German Federal Navy), No. 1900/1) 3). 2 General wae (1). Surface preparation shall produce a surface as clean and as rough as is required to provide a good key for the coating system tobe applied. The cost.in terms of effort and expensé, involved in preparing the surface shall be com- mensurate with the purpose and type of coating. (2) Companies contracting to carry out surface prepara- tion work must possess the technical resources and exper- tise required for its proper and safe execution. The surfaces to be prepared shalllbe accessible and well it.The relevant Provisions relating to safety at work, accident prevention land general safety shall be complied with. In the selection of surface preparation methods and associated proce- dures due consideration shall also be given to the extent to which the site surroundings need to be protected (cf. sub- clause 4.9). (3) _Allsurface preparation work shall be carried out under expert sbpervision and subsequently inspected by persons qualified to do so. 1) Cf. subclause 1.2 of DIN 55928 Part 1, May 1991 edition. 2) Further Parts are currently being prepared. For 8), see page 12.(4) No coating shall be applied until the surface to be coated has been prepared in compliance with the specifi cations of this standard. (5) Defects on the stee! structure, such as cracks in welds, loose fasteners, reductions in cross section, which are recognized under normal vision in the course of surface preparation shall be reported immediately to the client or the client's representative. 3 Initial condition of surfaces to be prepared ‘The iditial condition of the surfaces to be prepared deter- mines, among other things, the selection and execution of the preparation method and the choice ofthe photographic example to be used for comparison purposes. Proper assessment of the intial condition presumes knowledge of the following parameters. 3.1 Parameters of uncoated surfaces a) Grade of steel, and any special treatment or methoa used in its manufacture (e.g. cold rolling or deep draw ing), which might affect surface preparation (cf. sub- clause 4.2) b) Rust grade (cf. Supplement 1 to DIN 55928 Part 4 for representative photographic examples): rust grade A: steel surface largely covered with firmly adhering mill scale ), buth with no significant rust for- mation; " rust grade B: steel surtace which has started torust and from which mill scale has begun to flake; rust grade C: steel surtace.on which the mill scale has rusted away or from which it can be scraped off,but with only sporadic pitting visible under normal vision; rust grade D: steel surface on which the mill scale has rusted away and with widespread pitting visible under normal vision. Other types of surface appearance shall be described by giving supplementary details (e.g.‘D, with lameliar corrosion. 3.2. Parameters of coated surfaces 8) Type of organic coating (e.. type of binder and pig ment) or metallic coating, approximate film thickness and dete of applicatio b) rust grade as specified in DIN 53.210, with details of any underfilm corrosion, where applicable; ©) degree of blistering, as specified in DIN 53.209; 4) additional information, e.g. as regards adhesion‘) (e.g after testing as specified in DIN 53 151), cracks, flaking (ct.1SO 4628 Parts 4 and 5), chemical and other’conta- minants, as well as any other significant phenomena). Note. Checking the compatibility of the projected coating with existing coatings or with the residues of older Coatings is an integral part of the design of a corro- sion protection system (cf. DIN 55828 Part 3). 4 Cleanliness of surfaces and surface Preparation methods 41 Cleanliness requirements and preparation grade (1) Any contaminants which would impair the adhesion or Performance of the projected organic or metallic coating shall be removed. Layers or contamination deriving from the substrate (mill scale, rust) and extraneous layers (¢.9. existing coatings) or contamination with foreign matter Shall be removed in so far as is necessary to meet the fequired degree of cleanliness (in accordance with 1SO 8501 Part 1 referred to below as ‘preparation grade’. , DIN 55928 Part 4 Page 3 Both types of layer and/or contamination may be removed in one process, where the nature of the materialthe degree of contamination and the thickness of the layer permit, and provided that such simultaneous removal will not cause the tools, abrasives or other surfaces to become contaminated, (2) The preparation grade to be required is @ function of a) the expected corrosion loads; b) the corrosion protection system selected: €) the initial condition of the surface to be prepared; d) the applicable derusting method (ct. subclause 4:3); e) economic considerations. (3) Requirements shall generally be based on the stand- ard preparation grades specified in table 1 Ditterent preparation grades may be agreed on the basis of representative photographic examples or reference sur- faces on the structure or component. Reference surfaces shall be effectively protected from any influences which might alter their appearance.(e.g. by enclosing them in plastic sheeting orin another form of covering) orthey shall be documented photographically es representative examples. (4) The highest standard preparation grade,Sa3,cen only be achieved and maintained by great effort and, especially fon construction sites, under special conditions (e.g. air must be clean and dry). It should thus not be specified Uniess its specification is dictated by the initial condition of the surface (e.g. highly contaminated with corrosive sub- tances), the proposed coating and the load to be expected, andifthe influence of unfavourable ambient conditions can be eliminated during blasting (cf. subclause 4.8).In some cases. specification of the highest standard preparation grade may be justified by other considerations (e.g. where the costs of subsequent maintenance would be unduly high), (5). Surfaces that, after preparation, have become contam- inated or developed rust shall be restored to the agreed preparation grade prior to the application of the coating Note, The removal of weld spatter, welding cinders or slag, and chips, the regrinding of rolling detects (lamina- tions), deburring and other such processes count as reworking in connection with the construction of steel structures (cf, DIN 18 800 Part 7) or as special work, and do not fall within the scope of the present standard. * 4.2 Removal of extraneous layers orcontamination 41). The removal of extraneous layers or contamination includes the removal of such foreign matter as dirt, dust, soot, ash, concrete, coal, siag, sand, moisture, water, acids, alkalis, soap, salts,incrustations, growth, welding fluxes, oily ‘and greasy contaminants, and of coatings and cement that are loose, underrusted, or otherwise unsuited to serve es keying surfaces (cf. subclause 4.10.1 and footnote 5). ” (2) The cleaning method best suited to the task in hand can be selected with the aid of table 25). (3) Owing to the method of manufacture, the surfaces of cold rolled sections or strip are generally extremely smooth ‘as well as being contaminated with lubricant residues that are difficult to remove. Accordingly, roughening of the sur- face may be necessary.and particularly intensive cleaning (e.g. by blasting) will always be required. 4) Mill scale is considered to be firmly adhering itit cannot ‘pe removed by iting with the blade of a packet knife, §) See DIN-Fachbericht 8 for methods of inspecting steel surfaces for invisible contaminants.her eT at I 1 ' 7 age 4 DIN 55928 Part 4 ‘4.8 Removal of layers or contamination deriving from the substrate 4.3.1 Descaling (1). ifthe risk of undertilm rusting, flaking due to thermal stresses (including flaking of coating) and pitting due tothe electrochemical effect of mill scale (eg. rolling scale, annealing scale) Is to be eliminated, then preparation jgrades shall be specified which involve the almost complete removal of mill scale. Weathering is not a suitable method (takes too long,Wwith too much rusting of zones not covered by mill scale, wide pitting and contamination by corrosion- promoting substances). (2) Firmly adhering mill scale 4) may be removed by one of the following methods: a) blast-cleaning (ct. subclause 4.4.1); b) flame cleaning (ef. subclause 4.5); ¢) acid pickling (cf, subclause 4.6); d) mechanical abrasion, including, where appropriate, brushing with purpose-made, hard, plaited wire brushes (ct. subclause 4.4.3). (3) Unless otherwise specified, temper colours (e tremely thin oxide layers, which are not to be confuse with layers of mill scale.e.g.on fiame cut edges) neednot be removed. 43.2. Derusting (1) Derusting is understood to be the removal of the cor- rosion products of steel from the surface to be coated. A number of different derusting methods can be applied, with each of which only 2 specific surtace appearance can be produced and certain preperation grades achieved (ct. subclauses 4.4 to 4.6 and table 1). Accordingly, the surface appearance is a function not only of the preparation grade, but also of the derusting method used. (2) Which method is to be applied depends on 2) the feasibility of execution (e.g. design, location, posi- tion, considerations of operation, safety, and environ- mental protection), ) the initial condition of the surface to be prepared, ©) the preparation grade required, d) cost factors. 4.3.3 Removal of corrosion products from zine coatings Ct. table 2 and subclause 73. 4.4 Methods of mechanical surface preparation 4.41 Blast-cleaning®)7) (1) _Blast-cleaning may be used to achieve standard prep- aration grades Sa‘, Sa2, Sa2%, $a3, PSa2 and PSa2% as specified in table 1 (PSa2 and PSa2¥4 only apply for ‘coated surtaces). (2) During blast-cleaning, parts not to be blasted, areas already coated and the surroundings shall be protected against flying abrasives (for protection of surroundings. cf. subclause 4.9). (8) Any oil orgrease visible on the surface and,when abra~ sive recycling equipment is used, any salt deposits,shallbe removed prior to the start of blast-cleaning to prevent their being entrained onto other surfaces or into the recycled abrasives. (4)_ When the surtaces to be prepared are chemically con taminated, washing prior to blast-cleaning (ct. table 2}may give better results, and when there are coarse layers of stratified rust on the surface, preliminary derusting with the of chipping tools may also be of advantage (ct. sub- clause 4.4.2). (5) Final cleaning involves, for example, loose rust par- ticles and other debris being swept off the surface or re- moved by vacuum cleaning or by blasting with dry, oilfree ‘compressed air. 4444. Blast-cleaning methods ®) ‘Common methods of blast-cleaning are described in sub- clauses 4.4.1.1. to 4.4113. 44444 Dry blast-cleaning (1) Centrifugal blast-cleaning Biast-cleaning in (stationary or mobile) blast-cleaning plant with circulation of abrasives in @ closed system. (2) Compressed air blast-cleaning Biasting by injection of abrasives into a manually guided air stream (e.g.in blasting cabinets, rooms or sheds),abrasives being circulated in a closed system, where appropriate; ‘open blasting on assembled steel structures or large build ing elements in the open air (beneath tarpaulin covers,en- closures or such like, where necessary), abrasives generally 9 used once only (throw-away abrasives); blasting with stationary stream or mechanically guided stream in closed systems. (3) Vacuum blast-cleaning Special method of dust-free blast-cleaning (limited in per- formance and range of applications). 4414.2. Moisture injection blast-cleaning Moisture injection blast-cleaning. in which small quantities ofwater in the form of fine drops or water vapour are inject- edinto the compressed air stream carrying the abrasiveisa special form of compressed air blasting that is less harmful to the environment and controls dust more effectively than wet compressed air blast-cleaning, Moist dust can, however, lead to caking and initial rusting so that the surfaces con- cerned must be subsequently dry blasted, 4434.3 Wet blast-cleaning (1) General Wet blasted surfaces tend to rust rapidly. The moisture causes the abrasives used to adhere to the surface and to its surroundings and they are often difficult to remove. Cor~ rodible abresives are not to be used (cf. subclause 4.4.1.2, paragraph (2)).The methods described in paragraphs (2) to () below are suitable. (2) Pressurized water blast-cleaning Blasting with water at pressures in excess of 2000 bar with added solid abrasives, where required, to enhance the cleaning effect. () Steam-cieaning Blasting with hot water or steam, sometimes in conjunction with cleaning agents and corrosion inhibitors, seldom with added solid abrasives, cleaning being effected by means of chemical, thermal, and mechanical action. For 4), see page 3. ©) For concepts associated with blast-cleaning and a clas- sification of the various methods, ef. DIN 8200; further information will be found in Merkblatt Stah (Instruction sheet on steel) 212 Das Strahlen von Stahl (Blast-clean- ing of steel). 7) Refgrence should also be made to the following: Gefahrstottverordinung (German Hazardous Substances Regulation); Technische Regel fir Gefahrstoffe (Code of practice for hazardous substances) 503 Strahimitte! (Abrasives); Unfallverhitungsvorschrit (Accident Pre~ vention Regulation) Strahimittel (Abrasives) (VBG 48): Unfallverhitungsvorschritt Gesundheltsgetahicher mine ralischer Staub (Hazardous mineral dust) (VBG119)..(4) Compressed air wet blast-cleaning ‘Compressed ait blast-cleaning with greater quantities of water than in moisture injection blast-cleaning (e.g. intro- duced via a ring jet), used for controlling dust or for washing off soluble substances. The methodis of onlylimited effectiveness in both applications. (5) Slurry biast-cleaning Solid abrasives are added to a fluid (e.g. water, solvent) to form a slurry and this Is then used for blast-cleaning either as @ pressurized fluid or with compressed air as a propel- ant.This method enables fine abrasives tobe used and pro- duces very finely textured, homogeneous surfaces, 4.4.1.2 Abrasives?) (1) _ The solid abrasives principally used for derusting and descaling operations are dealt with in DIN 8201 Parts 1107 and Part 9. Their type. fineness, shape, hardness and their behaviour on impingement (e.g. whether they shatter or are blunted) determine (together with the force of impact, the distance between nozzle and the surface, and the blast angle) the cleansing effect and overall performance, as well as the roughness of the surface after blasting (cf. clause 5). (2) Abrasives fordry blast-cleaning and for moisture injec- tion blast-cleaning must be dry and contain no noxious admixtures or constituents. Corrodible abrasives tend to agglomerate under the action of moisture, which precludes their being used. if abrasives become contaminated with salts, grease, or oll,or by coating particles removed by blast- ing that have a corrosive or anti-adhesive effect, it must be assumed that, if such abrasives are recycled, the adhesion and performance of the coating will 6 impaired. In such cases, use of throw-away abrasives is recommended. (3) _ The restrictions on the use of quartz sand as an abra- sive shall be taken into account.’) 4.41.3 Special blast-cleaning applications 4.41.31 Blasting of sheet metal Blast-cleaning of sheet steel less than 4mm thick may ‘result in its being deformed. That can be avoided by the use of a) low air pressure. fine particles and abrasives with e low apparent density; b) a small blast angle with sharp-edged particles and a short blasting period. in the case of firmly adhering mill Scale or extensive rusting, preliminary measures such as grinding or acid pickling may be required prior to blasting Both the above measures will reduce the effectiveness of blast-cleaning operations. 4.4.3.2 Sweep blasting (1) The aim of sweep biasting is either to clean and Foughen organic and metallic coatings on the surface only, or to remove a surface layerin such a way thatthe coating is neither pitted by particle impact nor stripped down to the substrate. (2) In the case of building elements with flat surfaces, the desired effect can generally be achiéved by means of com- Pressed air blasting with mineral (preferably,fine) abrasives at an angle of less than 30° and at a greater distance than normal from the surface concerned (3) In the case of irregularly shaped or small bulding ele- ments, where a blast angle of less than 20° cannot always be maintained.the desired effect of sweep blasting may stil Be achieved by altering other operating parameters (e. lower pressure, special fine abrasives). 4.4.1.3.3 Spot blasting Spot blasting is a common form of compressed air or mois- ture injection blast-cleaning in which only individual stains (€.9. rust or weld spots) in an otherwise intact coating are DIN 55928 Part 4 Page < blast-cleaned. It may be carried out in conjunction witt ‘sweep blasting of the other surfaces where these cannot be recoated without prior cleaning. Depending on the intensit; of blasting, the result will then be equivalent to standarc Preparation grade PSa2% or PSa2. 4.4.2, Hand-tool cleaning (1) When hand tools are used, standard preparation ‘grades St2, St3, PSt2 and PS138) as specified in table 1 can be achieved. (2) Hand tools include wire brushes, spatulas, scrapers synthetic nonwovens with embedded. abrasives, emery Paper, rust chipping hammer,etc. These tools'shall be used 0 that building elements are neither damaged nor de- formed by their action. (3)_ Final cleaning involves, for example, loose rust part cles and other debris being swept off the surface or re- moved by vacuum cleaning or by blasting with dry, oil-free compressed air. 4.4.3 Power-tool cleaning (1) When power tools are used, standard preparation grades St2, St3, PSt2, PSt3 and PMa es specified in table 1 can be achieved. (2) Firmly adhering mill scale can only be removed with a great deal of effort by means of grinding, or,in some cases, by mechanical brushing using purpose-made, hard, plaited wire brushes. (3)__ Typical power tools include rotating wire brushes, vari= ous types of grinding tool, percussion hammer or impact plate devices, and needle pistols. Surface areas that cannot be reached with such tools shall be prepared by hand. Build- ing elements shall not be deformed and care shall be taken to avoid the type of surtace damage that chipping tools are liable to cause (notching). When brushes are used, it must be ensured that rust and contaminants are not merely polished. Polished rust and mill scale can develop ametallic sheen that suggests metal, but which would impair the adhesion of any coating applied to it. (4) Cleaning with power tools is more ettective in terms of area covered and degree of cleanliness than manual sur- face preparation, but is not nearly as effective as blast- Cleaning. This should be borne in mind in those cases where mechanical surface preparation is preferred to blast-clean- ing (e.g. where the generation of dust or the accumulation of used abrasive is to be avoided) (5)_Final cleaning involves. for example, loose rust par- ticles and other debris being swept off the surface or removed by vacuum cleaning or by blasting with dry, oil-free compressed air. 4.5 Thermal surtace preparation (flame cleaning) °) (1) Flame cleaning enables the standard preparation grade Fl as specified in table 1 to be achieved. (2) Cleaning is effected using flame guns with an acety- lene-oxygen flame and surplus oxygen which are passed ‘once, or, after cleaning and cooling after each pass, several times, over the surface. (8) _The process may be applied for sheet metal thick- esses greater than 5mm and for uncoated surfaces. Itis only suitable for removing complete coatings if that does Not result in the release of hazardous substances. If Coatings are to remain on the reverse of the surface being cleaned, it should be remembered that, owing to the nature of the process, temperatures greater than 100°C can be Produced there, For 7), see page 4. ®) Ct. Explanatory notes. °) Cf. DVS-Merkblatt (DVS Instruction Sheet) 0301.Page 6 DIN 55926 Part 4 sole 1. Standard preperation grade! I Stoneicomperison with other preparation grades and quality classes, of able 9) Tru conion | Repeseniaive sen eas of prepared sutaces Standart of uncoated ee far al standard preparation grades: Field ot prepa steel substrate oa ‘pelnnay leaning as per subcause 42 where necessay: | application vaion, aspersid- | eS final cleaning as per sublauses 4.4 to 45, mandatory ‘rade 1°) dase 31") Jom s5 97a at 4) ‘ox all grades (cl. subclauses 4.101 and 410.2) l sat Bhast-cleaning 8 BSat 9) | Only loose mit scale rst and coatings 4) are removed. ‘These grades as per sub- c csat apply forthe clause 4.41 D DSat suc prep i aration $02 8 Bsa?) | Mil scale, net and coatings are removed almast complete, Le. | 2) ofuncoat c C532 {ily ang rlscale‘),rstandcoatingsremaiingconcttorn | ed tel D DS22 ‘a coninvuslaeranthe overallimpressionisthatthe leaned sur | surfaces; {ace coesponds tothe representative photographs (ct. Explnatoy | 8) coated utes). steel sur faces, A sav %) | Milscale, st and coatings are removed tothe extent that aces | the cote B BSa2% remaining on the tel substate merely appear asa sight staining | ings we c csa2% due tothe ging of he pores. removed 0 Ds2% tote tent A Ase3 Mil scale, wt and coatings removed completely (when viewed | thatthe B B23 without mopiicatin). speciied c 83 degree of =| 0 Dsed clean I I ress is sz | Sutece B Toa %) | Loose cortngsandlonse nil scale¢)areremoved:rstis removes | achiwed preparation c cst tothe erent hat thestee surface shows, after final cleaning atait | ye with hand of D os2 sheen aig fom the metalic subst canideaion power tools 7 y —| shall be given 13 | aspersub- 8 Bad) | tase coins andloemilscale 4) eremoesinstisremored | ob cause 442 c cst3 tothe extent thatthe steel srtace shows, afterina clearing. a Get | clause 410 7 443 o pst tite shen ang from the metalic substate (tis will nomaly | 45) tequire mechanical teatmert) In special cases, fly atheing I a sae ay cme of pat spe. Their removals subject to separate agreement. | ‘YF Flame cleaning & AFL 72) | Coatings, mil scale and ust are removed to the extent that aces as per su B BFL remaining onthe tel sutace merely appear as ining in dierent clause 45 c cr ‘aloo (Fishing by thorough mechanical rushing is mandatory) D DF qj Be ‘Acid pickling s T Going ess, i scale and stare removed completa Coat- | Prt to hae a5 per su- B ings shall be emoved by suable means proto picking dip gataiz- clause 48 c fing, for T D 2° exangle =k} P S226) | Biest-cleaning Bsa2, 7) | Fanlyathecng coatings“) remain. Tey ae cleaned tom visible | These grates 2s per su gaz and | contains) such asd of grease, nd ote forgn matter | ep forth - clause 4.4.1 for De eppy | (table) and necessay to improve atheson ofthe ew coat: | suece pe 4 localized | toruncoated | ing, moghene by genie sweep blasting or pding aration of remaval of areas of (nthe es fthe sutace almost al mil scale, stand coatings are | costed tel ! previous surface. remove, fiy adhering mil scale, rst and coatings maining | sufces on coatings tne suface dna forma continuous layer andthe oreralimpes- | wich some : sions tut the leaned sutace conesponds tothe representative | coats 4 photographs (cl. Explanatory notes). remain, Psa2% Date, 7) | Fat adbeing coatings *) remain, They ae cleaned tam vise | **) *) 250.2% and | containants) such sito, grease, end other forign mater 1 S2.2% apply | (tale 2) an. necessary to improve ahesion ofthe new coat- { for uncoated | ing. oohened by gene sweep blasting grinding D areas of @ (On the rest of thg surface, mil scale and rust sre removed tothe surface. tent tat bes reining nthe steel surtace comespanding to (gate Sa2% merely appear asa sight staining due to tngeing of the ps. The wo areas ar lnked by 2 transton zone, The ache- sion of reaing coatings in that zone shall be checked both before and aha fet ping coat has been applied. For 4), See page 3, and for %) to "9), see page 7.DIN $5926 Part 4 Page 7 Table 1 (concluded). wat cnaton | ani Essential letres of prepared suraces Sarde | sue | “aincomea’ | MOOI Fe sda pep pes: ae mene | saponin | seams ie | minty cenog spr scaaesfmer mey, | PME ‘ation | method aspersitr | tetas tio | til cleaning as pr subclauses 44 to 48, mandatory rade") cise 31%) [mete and? for al grades (c.ubclouses 4101 and 4102) PMa"®) | Localized 7) | Faiyadhesng coatings 4) remain They ar cleaned trom vise | These patos mechanical contaminants") such si, o, grease, and oer foreign matter | apply far the ft rinding 2s per and, if necessary, mughened by gingng surface pep- subclause 443 nthe mest of the surtace, mil sale, rust and lose coatings ae | raion ot on suraces on Femoved tothe exten thal vaces remaining onthe sutace merely | costed stel ‘which some ‘appearas aight staining due totnging ofthe pores. The two areas | suraces on coatings remain, alike atantion zoe. The adhesion oemainingeaatngsin | wich some that zone shalbe checkedboth efor and after te firs priming coat | coatings hasbeen applied. remain, Pt2%8) | Hand-too or BS2 "| Fly atheing coatings 4) roman, They are cleaned trom visble | 18) power-too cs containans') such as t,o, grease, nd ote foreign matter 0 25 per os2 and i necessany, roughened by grinding. subclause 442 ‘nthe rest othe srtae, ease coatings an il scale are moved; or sub- ‘ustisemaved tothe extet tha th se! surtace shows, ater final clause 443 on | cleaning, taint sheen arising trom the metalic substate surfaces on i Pst318) | which some B31) | Fil aheing contigs +) remain, They ae cleaned tom vsble ceatings remain cst3 contaminants 1) suc 3s t,o grease nd eer foreign matter os3 and it necessary, roughened by grinding On the restt the sutae, loose coatings and mil scale are removed; ‘ustisenaved tote exten that the sel sutae shows, ternal leaning. deft seen arising from the metalic subsvte (his | wil generay require fishing by therough mechanical brushing), For 4), see page 3 %) Key to symbols used: Sa__blast-cleaning (adopted trom Swedish Standard SIS 055900) St__hand-too! or power-tool cleaning (adopted from Swedish Standard SIS 0558.00) Ma grinding Fl fiame cleaning Be acid pickling 1) In the case of surfaces with organic coatings, ct. subclause 3.2. 1) The factors influencing assessment as specified in subclause 4.10 shall be given particular consideration, 'S) The representative photographic examples only show surfaces or surface areas that were previously uncoated. ¥) Ct. subciause 4.1 with respect to application. 5) In the case of steel surfaces with painted or unpainted metallic coatings, an analogous application of certain standard Preparation grades may be agreed, provided that these are technically feastble under the given conditions, "©) Bas the code letter ofthe preparation grade applies forcoated surtaces when firmly adhering coatings) are tg be alowed to remain. The principal characteristics applying for each of the two prepared surface areas, that with firmly adheting coating and that without any coating remaining, are specified separately in the relevant colurnn. The P grades’ hence always refer {0 the total surface to be recoated and not only the surface areas which are without coating after surface preparation. ™) There are no specific photographic examples for the ‘P grades’, because the appearance of the total surface thus Prepared is significantly influenced by the type and condition of the existing coating For surface areas without coating, the photographic examples may be given for the corresponding grades without the P. Asa further clarification of the ‘P grades, various photographic examples are given,in Supplement 1for grade P Sa 214 and in Supplement 2 for grade P Ma, of such surfaces before: and after treatment. In the case of grades PSa2, PSt2 and PSt3, for which no photographs are available, the appearance of the residual coatings will be analogous to that for grade PSa2¥ or PMa, *) Ct. subciause 4.10.ge 8 DIN 55926 Part 4 ry = Procedure jechanical Brushing, sweeping lowing off ae blast-cleaning er brushing ‘ 1 — Finding Ye leann Sweep blast-cleaning ressurized water blast-cleaning, with rasive and/or cleaning agents add Sea's required =] a) “able 2, Removal of extraneous layers or contamination with foreign matter Used to remove (examples) Dust, loose deposits Dust, loose deposits Dust, loose deposits, fluids ‘Areas with loose coating and loose con- taminants (when purpose-made, hard, plaited wire brushes are used, it may also be possible for firmly adhering con- taminants to be removed in this way) Firmly adhering deposits and coatings Firmly adhering deposits and coatings Surface contaminants/layers Oils, greases and contaminants con- sisting of soluble chemicals, and, depending on pressure and temper- ature, coatings as well (but oil and grease will not be completely removed if cleaning agents are not added, or unless used in conjunction with strip- ping agents) Remarks a With dry, oil-free compressed air; sur- roundings may be polluted. With industrial vacuum cleaner Risk of glazing or polishing surface, ie. of producing a poor key. ' Emery paper, stee! wool, belt sander, abrasive disks Ct. subclause 4.41.32 Final rinsing and drying necessary"), of. subclause 4.41.13 xafhermal _FFlame cleaning I — Coatings. greasy or oly contaminants Moisture ‘Thorough mechanical final cleaning to femove the products of combustion is necessary. Not applicable it a) coatings are to remain either in whole or in part; b)it would result in hazardous sub- stances being released from the old coatings. Aiso for softening coatings so as to facilitate their mechanical removal. __ aspherical and physical “Washing JY with water, with surfactant added, as required with 5% (ra/m) ammonia solution, with surfactant added: after being allowed to react, scouring with syn- thetic non-woven with embedded abrasives, followed by thorough with’ solvents (e.g. alcohols and white spirit) (inflammable), dichloro- methane or 1,1,1-trichloroethane (potentially hazardous to health), solvent not containing chlorinated hydrocarbons 4 4 | =i “ ipping with solvent-borne pastes alkaline pastes ") "Steam cleaning, with cleaning agent wedded, as required - ressurized water blast-cleaning Deposits and contaminants soluble in water Zinc corrosion products and contam- inants on galvanized surfaces Soluble chemicals end greasy con- taminants . it and grease layers, soluble contam- inants, as well as soluble coatings (it blasting or grinding cannot be applied) ‘Soluble coatings or coatings sensitive to solvents (i blasting or grinding can- ‘not be applied) ‘Saponifiable coatings ({t blasting or grinding cannot be applied) Oily and greasy contaminants and contaminants consisting of sotuble chemicals, and, depending on pres- sure and temperature, coatings as well ‘See under ‘Mechanical procedures’. Rinsing, to remove surfactants, drying necessary. ®) Suitable for small surfaces. Final rinsing and drying required'®); ‘aluminium, zinc and certain types of coating may be susceptible tocorrosion. On coatings that are to remain, only Such solvents shall be used that donot damage them. Solvents and ragsare to. be replaced at frequent intervais, as otherwise oily and greasy contam- inants will not be removed but will be left as a smeared film after the solvent has evaporated. Residues shall solvent. be removed with Thorough final rinsing and drying required"); aluminium and zinc may be susceptible to corrosion. Coatings may sutfer corrosive attack ‘or be destroyed. Residual cleaners shall be removed by rinsing; final drying %) required. ‘See under ‘Mechanical procedures’. )_When rinsing and drying, structures with slots or rivets shall be treated with particular thoroughness.(4) Final cleaning by intensive mechanical brushing to remove all loosened material and combustion residues, fol lowed by brushing, vacuum cleaning, or blowing with dry oil- free compressed air form an essential part of the process. 4.6 Chemical surface preparation (acid pickling) (1) Acid pickling enables the standard preparation grade Be as specified in table 1 to be achieved. (2) Tobe eftective,acid pickling must be by the immersion method. The pickling agents generally used are diluted min- ‘eral acids, such as hydrochloric acid. Contaminations wl cannot be removed in the pickling bath and any existing coatings shall be removed prior to pickling, (2) After picking final cleaning will generally involve care- fully rinsing, neutralizing and, where necessary, passivating the treated material so as to remove all residues 4.7 Rust converters, rust stabilizers and penetrants The use of rust converters, stabilizers, and other such agents which are intended to convert chemically the cor sion products of iron into stable iron compounds is not per- mitted for stee! structures (cf. Explanatory notes). That also applies to penetrants which are intended to inhibit the development of rust. 4.8. Influence of environmental conditions on cleaning process and surface cleanliness (1) Storage of unprotected steel in the open air—includ- ing the practice of ‘deliberate rusting’ should be avoided 2s otherwise, owing to contamination of the steel with cor- rosion-promoting substances, a higher standard prepare- tion grade and additional cleaning processes may have to be applied. Wherever possible, stee! should be prepared and protected when its condition already corresponds to ust grade A or rust grade A to (cf. subclause 3.1b).if the surface condition corresponds to rust grade B.C or D,a shorter functional life of the corrosion-protective coating is to be expected even though its surface has been prepared to the same standard preparation grade as a steel exhibit- ing less initial corrosion. Primers or metallic coatings shall be applied as rapidly possible to the surface after it has been prepared. (2) Inwet weather,no surtaces shall be prepared for coat- ing, except those which are due to be dry blasted. f the formation of condensation is to be reliably precluded, the characteristic temperature of the surface to be treated must lie well above the dew point of the ambient air. f the work must be continued under varying conditions, then special measures, such as covering, tenting, enclosing, . heating of surfaces or drying the air, shall already be Provided for as special items at the planning stage. (8) If preparation is to be carried out near plant which pre- Sents particular risks in terms of explosiveness or inflam- ‘mability, special provisions shall be made (e.g. selection of Processes with low spark emission or without flame). 4.9 Protection of surroundings and environment during surface preparation =°)2!) (1) Considerations relating to the protection of the imme: Giate surroundings against the action of fiying abrasives and to the protection of the environment, and the safe Gisposal of any hazardous waste, shall already be taken into Sccount at the design stage of surface preparation work and provision made for them as special items. Particularyin {2rcultural areas provision must also be made to ensure {hat the direct effects of the work on water, soil foodstuff and fodder nowhere exceed the permissible limits. DIN 55928 Part 4 Page (2) The following shall be noted. 8) Although, when surface preparation is effected means of hand and power tools, considerably smal quantities of waste are produced than in compress air blast-cleaning, wet blast-cleaning or moisture inje tion blast-tleaning, the periods between maintenan work are shorter, due to the less effective surtace pre aration which can be achieved with such tools. ar considering the materials which then have to be use environment loads are likely to be more frequent. b) Compressed air blast-cleaning is the most etfecti method of surface preparation. As a means of keepir the surroundings free from dust and contaminate abrasives when blasting organic coatings containir hazardous substances, supplementary measures required which may range from shielding with tarpaulr tothe erection of a solid enclosure equippedwith a du extractor. Possible consequences for occupational safety shallt taken into account.?) ©) For smaller surtaces, the use of blast-cleaners wit: suction head tray be expedient, Their effectiveness however small and operation is limited due to the dit culties in handling and the short radius of action perm ted by the tubing. This method is not suitable for stru tures with complex surfaces, 4) Although wet blasting, which can only be carried under special conditions, reduces the amount of dus Produced, it makes it more difficult to dispose of haze dous admixtures. More favourable results in this respec ate offered by moisture injection blasting (cf, sui clause 4.4.1.1.2), €) Abrasives may be contaminated with hazardous sut stances originally present in coatings removed by bias ing or by contaminants on the surfaces thus treate: Accordingly, depending on the composition of the coz ing and on whether its admixtures are soluble, itis to b decided in each case what measures are to be taken t: ‘catch and dispose of the abrasives thus contaminate: or to process it for re-use. ) Flame ‘cleaning as a thermal surface preparatior method does not cause any serious dust problem, bu Gan.when used to remove previous coatings, lead to the Generation “of noxious gases and fumes and thu: Tequite protective measures, such as extraction by suc tion, to be taken. Cl. DVS-Merkblatt 0301 440 Assessment of surface cleaniiness Surfaces shall be inspected on completion of fine cleaning, For), see page 4. 29) Ct. Richtlinien fir umweltgerechte Planung und Ausftih- rung von Korrosionsschutzarbeiten an Stahlbauter. (Code of practice for planning and execution of ecologi cally safe corrosion protection work on steel struc tures), issued by the Bundesministerium fir Verkehr (German Federal Ministry of Transport) in Septem ber 1983, with its Supplement, published in Febru ary 1988 2) Reference shall be made to the relevant environmental tegulations, in particular to the Bundesimmissions- Schutzgesetz (German Pollution Control Act), Abfall- gesetz (German Refuse Avoidance and Disposal Act), to the legislation pertaining to water and soil protec- tion, and to the Futtermittelverordnung (German Fodder Regulation),4.10.1 Inspection for visible contaminants ik For all standard preparation grades as specified in [stable 1, visual inspection shall be made to check 8) whether the prepared surfaces exhibit the principal 71 characteristics specified for the grade concerned in 1 lable tand as represented by the corresponding photo: ) whether the prepared surtace adequately corresponds 1. to any other agreed reference surfaces, Intended to exhibit the rel grades to each other. omparison shall be made with the naked eye (i.e.without 3 ‘nagnitying glass). “(2) Allowance shall be made in the inspection forthe fact that the visual impression obtained is influenced by the fol lowing factors: -=ia') intial state of the stee! surface (where its appearance ditfers from rust grades A to D); =[?) type and inherent colour of the abrasive,even when the | Surface has been subjected to careful final cleaning l= (very important); Note. The representative photographic examples for n of the standard preparation = grades Sa1,Sa2,Sa 2% and Sa3 given in Supple- q ment 1 show steel surfaces blast-cleaned with l= quartz sand. ©) areas of differing roughness (e.g. as a result of differen: 7] _ tial corrosion attack or uneven removal of material dur, W ing blasting); 2) surface irregularities (eg. depressions producing shadow effects or reflections): ve uneven lighting; j= inherent colour of steel, or of other metals; 9) scarting from tools (e.g. chipping tools). “TB, Quing to the nature of the process, no representative ‘otographic examples are needed for standard prepara json grade Be. ) at there are doubts as to whether the surtace to be ated is still contaminated with substances which cannot Be determined by visual inspection, but which, i present in Tt Suspected quantity, would impair the adhesion and per- i Inspection for invisible contaminants acne Or the Protective coating, methods serving to tablish theit presence shall be agreed and applied. Note. Methods for establishing the presence of for example, T olls, greases, waxes, soluble salts of various type: Particular sulfates and chlorides), moisture (in par- ticular condensation), dust, that can be applied on site have as yet not been developed to a stage where they can be specified in a standard. DINt il Fachbericht 285) provides information on such j= methods. (2) _i'this type of contaminant is discovered to be present qe. Getrimental quantities on the surface that [s been prepared andis to be cdated, then a decision shall 5 Roughness of Surfaces 2) Generat While thermal derusting methods and the common shemical derusting methods only lay bare the oy 19 un thee primary Profile) of the steel surface, mechavioal [theds alter the surtace to form a secondary profile ai (2) Roughness as a three-dimensional surface configura- {ion cannot be characterized solely by specifying a dimen. sion for the peak-to-valley height. The surface configuration can, however, be described by comparison with suitable Surface profile comparators, (3) Roughness influences: ~ the adhesion of the coating (e.g. by increasing the sur- face area) and state of activation of the surface (Iree valencies). ‘favourable surface characteris one suchasis obtained fom blasting with angular particles and particles that {tacture on impact (cf. DIN 8567). The adhesion of the Coating does not increase in direct proportion to the sur. face roughness. ~ the performance of the protective coating, The greater the surface roughness, the thicker must be the coating in orderto achieve adequate covering of the Peaks. An optimal relationship between surface rough ess and coating thickness required cannot be specified as the actual covering of the peaks is essentially a fune- tion of the flow and film formation characteristics of the coating mate (4) AS a general rule, it may be assumed for the field of application of this standard that, given the types of costing Systems available today, serious impairment due to rough ‘ess wll not occurita'‘medium’surface roughness as speci. in ISO 8503 Part (Le. where Ryg= Ry = 60t0 100 ymin ' case of angular abrasive particles, and 40 to 704m in the case of spherical abrasive particles) is maintcined ln the higher range, nominal coating thicknesses of the Coating system of more than 200 um are recommended. If Partial coatings (e.g. only a 40um thick primer coat) are exposed for a longer period than three months to natural weathering, the surface roughness grade ‘fine'as specified in ISO 8503 Part 1 (Le. where Ryg= Ry = 25 to 60 um in the cose of angular abrasive particles and 25 to 40ym in the case of spherical abrasive particles) may be required. Closer tolerances for the peak-to-valley height than the Grades given in SO 8053 Part 1are not deemed sensible for the field of epplication of this standard (3) The roughness produced in terms of peak-to-valley height and shape depends, in blast-cleaning, on abrasives in working condition (type and size), impact velocity and angle of impact of abrasives, throughput of abrasives and Guration of exposure tg them,as well as type, hardness, and. surface texture of abrasives. 5.2 Assessment of the roughness of “blast-cleaned surfaces (1) The surface roughness of blast-cleaned surfaces shall be assessed as specified in ISO 8503 Part 2 by visual and tactile comparison with ISO surface profile comparators as ‘specified in ISO 8503 Part 1, which must correspond to the texture of the surfaces blast-cleaned with shot or grit (ct. DIN 4775), (2) In cases of arbitration, the average peak-to-valley height, Rys = Rz, shall be measured with electrical stylus instruments as specified in ISO 8503 Part 4. To facilitate the implementation of this method, plastic film or plastic impressions 22) may be use For), see bage 3, %) Ct. DIN 4768 for the relevant concepts and ISO 8503 Part 1 for the definition of Rys (R= R,). %) Information on sources of supply is obtainable from DIN-Bezugsquellen tir normgerechte Erzeugnisse im DIN, BurggrefenstraBe 6, 0-1000 Berlin 30.6 Temporary protection of prepared surfaces against corrosion and/or contamination (1) Temporary protection of prepared surfaces against corrosion and/or contamination is required if the proposed coating (primer or complete coating) cannot be applied to the prepared surface before its preparation grade has changed (e.g. as a result of the development of rust bloom). The same applies for areas on the surface to which the coat: ing Is not to be applied. (2) The main types of temporary protection in common use are shop primers, adhesive paper, adhesive film, strip- pable lacquer and protective substances that can be washed off with solvents. 7 Preparation of temporarily protected surfaces or of surfaces with incomplete coating system for further coating Prior to the application of further coatings, contaminants and all corrosion and weathering products that have accumulated shall be removed by appropriate methods (e.9.by steam cleaning), sweeping orby gentle grinding and brushing. Assembly joints and damaged areas in the under- coat shall be restored to the standard preparation grade originally required. This will involve, for example, removal. of oll, grease, lubri- cants, flux, residues from tests or welding, salt deposits, unusable coating areas (e.g. near welds, or where heat treatment and markings have been carried out with sub- ‘stances that are incompatible with the subsequent coating). 7A Preparation of wélded, riveted, bolted joints and other connections Residues from welding electrodes, welding or riveting scale shall be removed, preferably by blast-cleaning,or otherwise by grinding. For the preparation of untreated bolted joints, blast-cleaning or mechanical brushing may be used (the method employed being subject to agreement). 7.2 Preparation of surfaces of organic coatings for the application of further coatings (1) _Itmay be necessary to etch existing coatings or.in the case of hardened two-component coatings, to roughen ‘them with emery paper, synthetic nonwovens with embed- ded abrasives, steel wool or by means of sweeping. followed by removal of the dust so as to ensure that the next coating can adhere properly. The surfaces of existing coatings (in Patticular those of primers rich in zinc) shall not, when brushed mechanically or similarly treated, be polished or smeared to such an extent that subsequent coatings can-~ not properly adhere. DIN 85928 Part 4 Page 11 (2) tan existing shop primer or other primer is not in a Suitable condition to serve as substrate for further coatings r is incompatible with them, it shall be removed. 7.3. Preparation of hot-dip galvanized”) surfaces for the application of coating?5) 7.3.1 Detects in zinc coatings and damage incurred during transport or assembly Defects in the zinc coating and damage to thé coating dur- ing transport and assembly shall be prepared ormade good 80 that the performance of the protective coating is re- stored and the adhesion and protection of further metallic coatings is not adversely affected. Making good of defects shall be effected in accordance with clause 10 of DIN 50876, May 1989 edition, while subciause 7.1 of this standard applies to the preparation of joints. ‘732 Preparation ot unweatnered not-eip galvanized surfaces. (1) Asaresult of finishing, transport,or assembly, contami- ration in the form of grease,oil,stamp dye or other marking ‘dyes may occur on the surface. All such contaminants shall be removed (e.g. by Brushing or washing with special clean- ing agents or solvents: ct. table 2), (2) Where the zinc coating has been damaged as a result of transport or assembly. the procedure shall be as speci- fied in subciause 73.1. 7.3.3 Preparation of weathered hot-dip galvanized surfaces. (1) Depending on the duration of weathering and the loca- tion of such surfaces, various corrosion products of the zinc coating or steel may have developed in addition to other surface contamination, Soluble or poorly adhering conta~ minants shall be removed by methods suited to their type and amount (e.g. oxide compounds and various salts shal! be washed off with 5 % (m/m) ammonia solution,with added wetting agent, using synthetic nonwovens with embedded abrasives, followed by thorough rinsing: in other cases, steam cleaning, pressurized water cleaning or sweeping may be used (ct. table 2). (2) For the mechanical preparation of severely attacked surfaces, grinding and brushing devices (with plastics bris- tles) are suitable, as well as scrapers, abrasive discs and biast-cleaning methods. (3) The metallic coatings shall be made good as specified in subclause 7.3.1 or, particularly when the surfaces have suffered severe attack, shall be covered over their whole surface with organic coatings (cf. DIN 5926 Part 5). 2) Ct. DIN 50976. 25) Cf. BFS-Merkbiatt (Instruction Sheet) No. § and Merk- Diatt Stahl 329,D indaras and other documents referred to DIN 4768 IN. 4775 IN 8200 DIN 8201 Part 2 IN 8201 Part 3 i} 8201 Palt 4 IN. 8201 Part 5 IN 8201 Part € IN. 8201 Part 9 DIN 8587 iy 18.800 Part 7 SRN 50976 DIN 53 151 T}N 53.208 ib ssa DIN 55928 Part 1 i} 55928 Part 3 Supplement 1 to i FN 55928 Part 4 j Supplement 1 A1 to iT 55926 Part 4 Supplement 2 to T 55926 Part 4 Supplement 2 At to I 55928 Part 4 is 55928 Part 5 ISO 4628-4 : 1982 flo scons: see ? 8501-1 : 1988 ISO/DIS 8501-2 flo soo : 1200 f° 8503-2 : 1988 8503-4 : 1988 Determination of surface roughness parameters R,, R,.and Rm basic data Checking the surface roughness of workpieces; visual check and measurement using contact (sly- tus) instruments Blasting; concepts and classification of blasting techniques Abrasives; classification and designation Metallic cast abrasives: globular particles Metallic cast abrasives; angular particles Abrasives; steel wire shot Natural mineral abrasives; quartz sand Synthetic mineral abrasives: Synthetic mineral abrasives Synthetic mineral solid abrasives: copper refinery slag and melting chamber slag Preparation of surfaces of metal workpieces and building elements for thermal spraying Structural steelwork; fabrication and verification of suitability for welding Corrosion protection by means of hot-dip galvanizing; requirements and testing Testing of paints, varnishes and similar coatings; cross-cut test on paints and similar coatings Designation of the degree of blistering of paints and varnishes 2 Designation of the degree of rusting of paints, varnishes and similar coatings Corrosion protection of stee! structures by the application of organic or metallic coatings: general, concepts and corrosion loads ; Corrosion protection of steel structures by the application cf organic or metallic coatings: planning of corrasion protection work with electric stylus instruments; Corrosion protection of stee! structures by the application of organic and metallic coatings; prepara tion and testing of surfaces; representative photographic examples Corrosion protection of steel structures by the application of organic and metallic coatings: prepara tion and inspection of surfaces; representative photographic examples; Amendment 1 to Supple- ment 1 to DIN 55928 Part 4 Corrosion protection of steel structures by the apalication of organic and metallic coatings; prepara~ tion and inspection of surfaces; representative photographic examples of surfaces after localized hand or power tool grinding (standard preparation grade P Ma) Corrosion protection of see! structures by the application of organic and metallic coatings: prepara tion and inspection of surfaces; representative photographic examples of surfaces after localized hhand or power tool grinding (standard preparation grade PMa); Amendment 1 to Supplement 2 to DIN 55928 Part 4 Corrosion protection of stee! structures by organic and metallic coatings; coating materials and pro- tective systems 5 . Paints and varnishes: evaluation of degradation of paint coatings; designation of intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect; designation of degree of cracking Paints and varnishes; evaluation of degradation of paint coatings; designation of intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect; designation of degree of flaking Preparation of stee! substrates before application of paints and related products; visual assessment of surface cleanliness; specification for rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel sub strates atter overall removal of previous coatings Preperation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products; visual assessment of surface cleanliness; preparation grades of coated substrates after local removal of coatings Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products; specifications and definitions of surface profile comparators for the assessment of abrasive blast-cleaned surfaces Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products; method for the ‘Grading of surface profile of abrasive blast-cleaned substrates using a comparator Preparation of steel substrates betore application of paints andrelated products; method forthe cali- bration of SO surface profile comparators and for the determination of surface profile using a stylus instrument | tvorschritt tur Schiffe der Bundeswehr No. 1900/1 Beschichtung von Obertlichen mit Beschichtungsstotien flr Uberwesser- tle und U-Boote (Coating of surfaces with coating materials for surface vessels and submarines), to be ordered trom Bun- desamt i r Wehriechnik und Beschattung (BWB), Referat 2A 17, Postfach 73 60, D-5400 Koblenz.DIN 55928 Part 4 Page 13, BFS-Merkblatt No.8 . Beschichtungen auf Zink und verzinktem Stahl (Coatings O” zinc and galvanized steel) issued by the pee ctecausschué Farbe und Sachwertschutz, SpeyererstraBe 3, D-6000 Frankfurt am Main 1 Pritung vorbereiteter Stah-und Beschichtungsoberfléchen aut visuell nicht feststelbare Verunreini- fgungen Inspection of prepared steel and coated surfaces for invisible contaminants), Fammstranlen von Stahl und Fiammphosphatieren (Flame cleaning of steel and flame phosphating), ieeued by the Deutscher Verlag fir SchwelBtechnik GmbH, Postfach 2725, -4000 Disseldort 1. Das Strahlen von Stahl (Biast-cleaning of steel). i Feuerverzinken + Beschichten = Duplex-System (Hot-dip galvanizing + coating = duplex system), issued by Stablinformationszentrum, Posttach 1611, D-4000 Dilsseldort 1. Korrosionsschutz fr Schtfe und Seebauwerke. Tel 1: Sch, Seebauwerk und Ausriistung = Neubau, issued by the Sehitfbautechnische Gesellschat e.V, Ost-West-StraBe 67, 0-200 Hamburg 11. Technische Regel fir Gefahrstotfe 503 Strahimittel, obtainable from Beuth Verlag GmbH, BurggrafenstraBe 6,D-1000 Berlin 0. Unfallverhiitungsvorschritt Strahimitte! (VBG 48). Untaliverhitungsvorschritt Gesuncheitsgefénvlcher minerelischer Staub (VBG 118) Untaliverhdtungsvorschritten are obtainable trom Car! Heymanns Verlag KG, Luxemurger Strabe 449, D-5000 Kéin 41, Golahrstotiverordnung, as of 26 August 1986, Bundesgeserzblatt (German Federal Law Gazette) 1, 1986, p. 1470. cosets Uber die Vermeidung und Entsorgung von Abtslln (Refuse Avoidance and Disposal Act), as Of27 August 1988, Bundes- gesetzblatt I, 1986, p. 1410. = vundesimmissionsschutzgesetz, 2s of 16 March 1974, as last amended on 25 July 1986, Bundesgesetzb/att 1 1974,p.271 Futtermittelverordnung, 2s of 8 April 198t. [Al legal tegulations are obtainable from Beuth Verag GmbH, BurggratenstraBe 6,-1000 Berlin 30. Richtinien tir umwetgerechte Pianung und Austihrung von Koresionsschutzarbeiten an Stahibauten, issued by the Bundes- pinisterium fir Verkehr in September 1983, with its Supplement, published in February 1086, German legislation on the protection of water and soll,obtainable trom Deutsches Informationszentrum firTechniscne Regein (DITR) im DIN, BurggratenstraBe 6, D-1000 Berlin 30. Other relevant standard ISO 8503.3 +1988 Preparation ofstee! substrates before application of paints and related products: methodfo the cal bration of surface profile comparators and for the determination of surface profile using @ focusing microscope DIN-Fachbericht 28 (1990) DVS-Merkblatt 0301 Mergbiatt Stahl 212 Merkblatt Stahl 329 $TG-Richtlinie 2215 Previous editions DIN 85928; 11.56, 06.59x; DIN 55928 Part 4: 01.77. Amendments ‘The following amendments have been made to the January 1977 edition. 2) Standard preperation grades P Sa, PMa,PSt2 and P StS have been included in table 1 to ring the standard into ne with ISO 8501 Parts 1 and 2 b) The standard has been revised in substance to take account otnew technalogical developments (e.g.new biast-cleaning processes and applications) and environmental considerations ) The standard has been editorially revised and brought up to date. 6) Explicit specifications have been made with regard to surface roughness. Explanatory notes This standard has been prepared jointly by the Normen- ausschu8 Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Stand- ards Committee) and the Normenausschu8 Anstrichstoffe und &hnliche Beschichtungsstoffe (Paints and Varnishes Standards Committee). Re table 1 ‘The standard preparation grades for steel surfaces as valid to date and defined in table 1 retain their validity, so that the continuing agreement of this standard with all other national standards besed on the Swedish Standard ‘SISDEBYVD and with the new ISO Stantarts on suvkece Preparation (ISO 8501-1 and ISO/DIS 8501-2) is'ensured. ‘These ISO Standards use the term ‘preparation grade’ to denote the cleanliness grade and supplement the grades 2nd photographic examples given in the Swedish Standard by those specified in Supplements 1 and 2 of DIN 55928 Part 4. Standard preparation grades PSt2 and PSt3 have been included as new grades in table 1,even though the previous definitions of grades St2 and St3 provided for the remova’ of poorly adhering coatings only. Le firmly adhering coat ings remain. That means there is no difference in the results obtained when surfaces on which existing firmly adhering coatings are present are prepared to grades St2 and P St or St3 and P St3, respectively. However, since these grades are specified in the above ISO Standards, their inclusion ir the table was essential in order to ensure complete agree nant batween the standard preparation prases 2s deficer in DIN and ISO Standards. At the same time, neirincosior wil help to avoid the misunderstandings that occurred ir ‘the past in the application of grades St2 and StS for sur faces on which coatings are already present.“Mbage 14 DIN 55928 Part 4 4 ly preparation grade PSa3 defined in ISO/DIS 8501-2 ‘as not been adopted here. The specific reasons and condi- ‘igns governing the application of standard preparation de Sa3 are not, in the opinion of the responsible com fie" ‘consistent with existing coatings remaining locally n the surface. ‘45 a total of five standard preparation grades have now Jen defined, it was deemed expedient to rearrange table 1 J that the Standard preparation grades with and without ‘ode letter P each form one block That also corresponds to ‘he various fields of application and to the division between two Parts of ISO 8501. his, together with a number of, [ditional alterations in the text designed to provide further Harification, made it necessary to issue, parallel to the ‘duplication of this standard,amendments forthe text pages Supplements 1and2 (issued as Supplements 11 and2A1, tively). This permits the existing Supplements to be dated without users having to purchase them in their irety. It is emphasized that the amended supplements it contain editorial revision and textual improvements. Jere are no amendments to the substance of definitions or _HO other specifications. : i} ‘P-grades’ the light of experience gained in the use of the standard ‘reparation grade P Sa2'% and of the inclusion of further “Jerades’ in table 1, more precise specifications have q | pved necessary in two instance D ‘The concept ‘firmly adhering’ has been defined on the basis of footnote 4 in ISO 8501-2:th its application, con- sideration shall be given to the following remarks. J4 Existing protective systems, or systems consisting of more than one layer,can sometimes appear to be intact "—, and firmly adhering, but when random samples are taken, they are found to be so severely under-rusted that they Jz 2re not able to fulfil their function. In such cases, the application of a'P-grade'is no longerjustified; instead,a "—, Standard preperation grade shall be applied which pro: vides for the removal of the coatings to the specified J extent }) In the definitions of the various ‘P-grades: the main fea- ‘=; tures for tocal areas on the surface with firmly adhering ‘coating and those on which no coatings to remain have L been specified separately. In s0 far as the local areas with firmly adhering coating ‘=; 8f@ to be prepared by rubbing down, this shall be effect nonwovens and embedded abrasives) that permit the surface to be cleaned and roughened but not polished. ‘| When rubbing down or Blasting, care must be taken to sure that the coating is not removed to such an 2 extent that its protective performance's impaired. will Not need to be stressed that in the application of ail ‘P- — fades", due consideration must be given to the com. a Patibility between the new Primer and topcoats and the remains of previous coatings. p standard preparation grade Sa 2 a: were again differences of opinion as to the correct ‘erpretation of preparation grade Sa2, itself difficult to efine, for the initia! condition B, in particular with respect ay Photographic example B Sa2 (ct. footnote 31 to fe 3), owing to the fact that is shows a num ber of dark Se He miaht be interpreted as intact layers of mill Sale. Hawenes, {his prosiem could be solved neither by acing the existing photographi ‘graphic example by another g [ovspecinsg that condition B shouldbe represented by 1 | Scith such means (e.g sanding devices wth synthetic, ‘the photographic example C Sa 2.Thus the 8 Sa2 example is retained as betore. This photographic example shail, however, be so interpret- ed that the dark stains visible on it serve as @ guideline for the permissible extent and distribution of residues of mill scale,rust and, by analogy,of coatings as well, but that these ssidues are no longer present in the full thickness of the initial condition, but rather in the form of surface shading Otherwise, one would expect there to be a risk of flaking of the remaining mill scale, rust and coating in the event of ternal stresses, which might be caused by the new coating or by temperature fluctuations. This clarification is of particular importance because the difficulties in defining Sa2 in words lends greater weight to ‘the photographic examples representing this grade than is, the case for any other standard preparation grade, Re hand-tool or power-too! cleaning Inthe case of standard preparation grades St2, St3,PSt2 ‘and PSt3, the important point is not the utilization of spe~ Citic hand or power tools, which are referred to merely as ‘examples, but only that on inspection the principal charac teristics listed in table 1 for these grades and illustrated by the associated photographic examples are actually exhibit- ed by the surface concerned. Re comparison with other preparation grades Table 3 colates other preparation grades with the standard preparation grades as specified in DIN 55928 Part 4. Due consideration is to be given to the relevant notes and foot~ notes. Re rust converters and rust stabilizers As hitherto, the use of rust converters, rust stabilizers and other such agents which are intended to convert the corro- sion products of iron into stable iron compounds is not allowed. itis not possible in practice to contro! the effect of such agents so that at every point on the surface all corro- sion products ere completely converted, Doth in terms of type and ofquantity.while at the same time ensuring that no portion ofthe agentis lett overwhich might impaireither the auality of the surface, particularly is left in cavities (e.g. in the case of bolted or riveted joints), or the performance of the subsequent coating. Rust converters, rust stabilizers and other such agents are also not able to neutralize the effect of corrosion stimulators, such as iron sulfate. Re verification of presence of invisible contaminants increasing importance is being attributed to supplemen- tary processes designed to verity the presence of contami- nants which cannot be detected In the course of the visual examination of the cleanliness of prepared surfaces, but which, if present, might seriously affect the performance or functional life of the protective coating. No such process thas, however, to date been sufficiently well defined and tested to be incorporated in this standard. On the other ‘hand, this complex has become too extensive for it to be dealt with in these Explanatory notes, as was previously attempted. The relevant verification processes along with a resentation of the consequences to be drawn from the tesults of their implementation have thus been brought together in DIN-Fachbericht 28 which is intended to serve a8 a basis for their discussion. It is recommended that the processes concerned be put to the test, as that is the pre Condition for inclusion in a later version of this standard of those processes which have proved their usefulness.DIN 55928 Part 4 "Page 15 Table 3. Comparison of standard preparation grades es specified in DIN 55 926 Part 4 with other pr quality classes aration grades or eae Surtace ISO 8501-1 ‘ssPC Bs 4232 SPSS srepeaion | raptor asper | 20g | GE uuzee a> | yt maar [aL 187908209 > 26)| ani 27 ing) 2 30 caress Be, 4| DIN 55026 Part | sis.055900% | and iS 02”) cleaning) 28) ) ‘sat Sat Brush off - =, [sa t sP7) Sh2 ‘Sa2 Sa2 ‘Commercial | Third quality 862 ‘sd2 Blast-cleaning as (SP 6)3) Sh2 specified in sub- saz — | clause 4.4.1 Sazn | Nearwhite | Secondquality) SG25 | Sd3 (SP10) Sh3 sa3 sa3 White metal | First quality sca = (SP5) - - - - - ss st2 st2 Hand tool a - IZ Jeaning Hand: or power-tool . cleaning as specified (sP2) st3 ee st3 Power too! - sGt Pts cleaning (sP3) | FL Flame tleaningas | FI Flame cleaning - | - le specified in sub (SP4) clause 4.6 Be ‘Acid pickling as - Pickling x) - > specified in sub- (sP8) clause 46 For 28) to 32), see below and page 16. Notes to table 3 Table 3 provides.on the basis ofthe short designations orsymbols.a collation ofother commonly used international national preparation grades which are equivalent to the standard preparation grades specified in DIN 85928 Part 4.The table com prises all such grades valid at the date of issue of the present standard. itwhen grades are to be compared with each other, the exact details ofthe definitions are important, reference must aways be rmade directly to the most recent editions of the standards and regulations quoted. tis also to be noted that the provisions in some cases contain further specifications supplementary to the actual definitions “The preparation grades with code letter P (Gable 1) have not been included in table 8 because to date appear Only in DIN'S5 928 Part 4 and ISO 8501-2 and represent a special complex which is not covered in comparable provisions: ‘The derusting grades 2s specified in Druckschritt (Specification) 807, issued by the Deutsche Bundesbahn (Germae Federal Ratlways) and DIN 18.364 (February 1961), previously included in table 3, have now been dropped as they have either been withdrawn or superseded by a new edition in which no such specifications are made. Footnotes to table 3 28) The currently valid edition ofthe Swedish Standard SIS 055900 (1988) is the Swedish translation 61 ISO B6OH-1: 2 2) SSPC Surlace Preparation Specifications SP1 to SP10 and VIS1, contained in ‘Steel Structures Painting Manvel, published by the Steel Structures Painting Council, 4400 Fitth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213, USA 28) BS 4232-1867, Specification for surface finish of blast-cleaned steel for painting, published by the British Standards Institution, 2 Park Street, London W1A 2BS. 28) TGL18790/02-1977 Korrosionsschutz ~ Oberflichenbehanclung — Auspangszustinde — Séuberungsgrade — Beurelnd, obtainable trom DIN Deutsches institut fur Normung e. V, BurggratenstraBe 6, D-1000 Berlin SO. 50) ‘SPSS-1975.JSRA- Standard for the preparation of ste! surface prior to painting published by the Shipbuilding Resear ‘Association of Japar ‘The Japanese standard makes a distinction between 8) a primary preparation ofht rolled steethaving the intial condition JA(completely covered with mil scale saloon 0 rust) or JB (completely rusted, tle residual mil scale,no pitting),prepared exclusively by blasting with steel shot oF ‘lug Sands or grits in each casein three grades. 1,23 for which 0 representative photographic examples are provided,andPage 16 DIN 55926 Part 4 b) a secondary preparation of steel surfaces which have been primed after primary preparation using W wash primer Z Z_ organic zinc primer 1 inorganic zinc primer and which thereafter,as a result of welding, tlame cutting and weathering, have been damaged or developed rust and classified accordingly into one of the grades H.A. F,D, or R For the above, preparation grades Pt 1,Pt2,Pt3 (for certain methods of mechanical derusting),Ss (sweep blasting),or §d2 and Sd3 as defined for primary preparation apply, these grades being illustrated by a total of 60 representative photographic examples. ‘Thus,a comparison with the preparation grades of other regulations is only possible,and with reserv of the primary preparation 31) Commercial SP6 'SSPC has rejected the photographic example BSa2.If surfaces showing the initial condition B are to be blast-cleaned as specified in SP6, then the resulting surface appearance will be required to correspond to’ example CSa2. 32) CP 8012 : 1972, Code of Practice for cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces, published by the British Standards Institution. ns, in the case International Patent Classification B23 K 7/00 " Bac 23. 1100 G01B 21/30 G 01N 17/00