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.
.
8.1.
High. Anticyclone
Trough
Upper front
Secondary front
Eye of storm
Sleet
il
Ridge
.
Thunderstorm (TSTM)
Thunder
Depression
Rain
Long-range forecast
Mist. Haze
Isobars. Isotherms
Short-range forecast
Shower
.
Sleet
Damp
Frost, freezing
. /
Drizzle
Monsoons
Cloud
Widely-scattered TSTMS
Occlusion
Precipitation
Sea subsiding
Overcast
Polar front
Hurricane warning
Discontinuance
Forecast
Clearing up
Dew
Col
Strong
Occasional
Snow. Sleet
Blizzard
Snow pellets
Stratosphere
Dry
Typhoon
Dew point
Tropical cyclone
Troposphere
Fog. Haze
Moderate
Hurricane
Front. Cold/warm
Thunderhead
Frontal wave
Low. Cyclone
Squall
Storm warning
119
8.2.
Beaufort scale
,
Calm, less than 1 knot
Light air, 1-3 knots 1
Light breeze, 4-5 knots
Gentle breeze, 7-8 knots
Moderate breeze,
11-16 knots
5
Fresh breeze,
17-21 knots
6
Strong breeze,
22-27 knots
Near (hard) gale, 7
22-33 knots
8 Gale, 34-40 knots
9
Strong gale,
41-47 knots
()
10 Storm, 48-55 knots
11 Violent storm,
?
56-63 knots
-
10
12
Hurricane, 64 and over
knots
Squall
Sea breeze
Land breeze
Prevailing wind
Trade-wind
()
Bora
Sirocco
Norther
2
3
4
, ,
1
,
2 , 0,2-0,3
,
3 , 0,5- 1,25
,
4 , 1,25- 2,5
5 , 2,5-4,0
6 , 4-6
2
2-4
4
120
8.3.
Wave
7 , 6-9
Calm (glassy)
8 , 9-12
Calm (rippled)
9 , 12
Smooth (waveless)
5
Slight
Moderate
Rough
Very rough
No swell
Low swell
Moderate swell
Heavy swell
Confused swell
Surge
Surf
Tsunamis
8.4.
100
100-200
200 over
Whirlwind, water-spout
Duststorm
Sandstorm
Shift of wind veer
Shift of wind back
Typhoon
Low
The wind is blowing
from S
The weather is
improving
The weather was bad
The weather will be
fine
The wind has fallen
What is the w. f. for
Tomorrow?
SE wind near 10 kt
Monsoon
Tornado
Wind ahead (adverse
wind, foul wind, head)
Wind aft (following)
Side wind
Relative wind
Wind-force
Becalmed wind
Choppy wind
High
Very high
Phenomenal
Seas less than 5 fts
Heavy sea
Surge
Wave lent
I low sea
Surging sea (angry)
Ground sea
Breaker
Short swell waves
0-100 m
Average swell
waves 100-200 m
Long swell waves
200 m
Chopping (choppy)
8.5.
- 0
- 1
M - 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
8.6. ( )
Pancake -
Brash - 1
- 6
Ice cakes - 2
Sinai I floe - 3
- 7
Medium floe - 4
- 8
- 9
-
Big floe - 5
Quarter(ing) sea
Sea abeam, athwart sea
]
Vast floe - 6
Giant floe - 7
Fast ice - 8
Iceberg - 9
No form -
8.7. ( )
New ice - 1 - 1
Medium first-year
- 2
Nilas - 2
- 1
ice - 1
- 4
Grey ice - 4
Thick first-year
- - 5
Grey-white ice - 5
- 4
ice - 4
/ Thin first-year/White
- 7
Old ice - 7
- 7
ice - 7
8.8.
Iceberg
Bare ice
Friendly ice
Pancake ice
Ice-bound
Big floe
Large fracture
,
Large ice field
Fracturing
Giant fIoe
Glacier ice
Rotten ice
,
Sleet
Concentration boundary
Fast-ice boundary
Ridge
Ridge ice
Ridging
Second-year ice
Anchor ice
Pack ice
Beset
Bight
Flaw polynya
Snow covered ice
Sastrugi
Flooded ice
Flaw lead
Fracture zone
Finger rafting
Finger-rafted ice
Lead
Ice limit
Ice edge
Fast-ice edge
Small floes
Glowler
Easy area, slight ice
Ice of land origin
Stranded ice
Grounded ice
Glacier
Ice boundary
Ice cover
Ice blink
Brash ice, slab ice
Ice wall
Floe
Grease ice
Ice front
Ice island
Young coastal ice
Ice Jam
Ice keel
Ice mass if
Ice canopy
Small fracture
Small icefield
121
(
)
(A)
122
Ice cake
Multi-year ice
New ice
Consolidated ridge
Frost smoke
Sea ice
Rafting
Rafted ice
Hostile ice
Floeberg
Nil as
Medium floe
Bergy bit
Vast floes
First-year ice
Medium first-year ice
Lake ice
Sky light
Open water
Very close pack ice
Calving
Floating ice
Shearing
Icefoot
Bummick
Belt
Ridged ice zone
Strip
Flaw
Polynya
Shore polynya
Shore lead
Tide crack
Fast ice
Thaw hole
Ice patch
Fracture
Diffuse ice edge
Open pack ice
Glacier berg
Very open pack ice
River ice
Level ice
Standing floe
New ridge
Topoc
Light Nilas
Grey-white ice
Grey ice
Nip
Ice under pressure
Icefield
Consolidated pack ice
Ice breccio
Puddle
Snowdnft
Slush
Compacting
Compacted ice edge
Concentration
Compacted pack ice
Close floating ice
Medium fracture
Medium ice field
Mean ice edge
Grounded hummock
Aged ridge
Old ice
Recurring polynya
Tabular berg
Ram
Dark Nilas
Small ice cake
Thick first-year ice
Thin first-year ice
Hummock
Hummocked ice
Hummocking
Crack
Difficult area
Very small fracture
Firn
Ice-free / open water
Iceport
Ice shelf
Shuga
Iceberg tongue
Glacier tongue
Tongue
8.9. -
()
Tidal amplitude
Anomalous tides
()
Coastal line
Great diurnal range
Bore
Range of tide
Night water
Age of tide
Duration of rise
Stand of tide
(,
)
(MB)
()
()
()
()
Broken (bn)
Boulders ()
Weeds (Wd)
Volcanic (V)
Sticky (Sy)
Shingle (Sn)
Gips
Clay ()
Loamy mud
Globigerina
Boulders ()
Pebbles (P)
Gravel (G)
Ground (Gr)
Sponge (Sp)
Diatom mud
20
()
()
()
()
(,
)
8.10.
SiIty sand
Allowance
Time difference
Height difference
Correction for high
water full and change
High water full and
change
It is high water full 2
and change at port at
2 h 20m
Low water full and
change
Tide; flood; raising
water
Tidal wave
Interval from high
water/low water
Dead tide
High (low-water)
spring
Spring
Mixed tide
Fall of tide
Mean sea level
Mean high water spring
(Neaps)
Mean tide level
Mean range of tide
Mean higher high water
High (low water) stand
Slack water
Diurnal inequality
Diurnal tide
Tidal current tables
Tide tables
Height of tide
Morning water
Quarter-diurnal tide
Carcareous (Ca)
Mud (M)
Stones (St)
Quarts (Qr)
Shingle (Sn)
Corals (Co)
Lava (Lv)
Glacial (Gl)
Manganese (Mg)
Chalk (Ck)
Fine (f)
Marl (Ml)
Soft (so)
Pumice (Pm)
Sand (S)
123
Sundy mud
Hard ground
Radiolaria
Shells (Sh)
Light (Lt)
Rock (R)
Schist
Stiff (sf)
Dark (d)
Tufa (T)
Oysters (Oy)
Scoria (Sc)
Grus (Gr)
8.11.
(
3 )
()
(
)
() c
()
()
3
(
124
bi
Ch
l
Cm
ci
Di
Ds
(Course)
dd
ff
UTC GG
Hour of observation in whole hours UTC
Hw Hw
Height of sea waves in half metres
Hw1 (Hw2) Height of first swell waves in half metres
Height of (second) swell waves in half metres
h
Height of the lowest cloud
LaLaLa
Latitude in degrees and tenths
LoLoLo
Longitude in degrees and tenths
N
Total amount of cloud; total cloud cover
Nh
Lowest cloud cover
PwPw
Period of sea waves in seconds
Pw1 (Pw2) Period of first swell waves in seconds
Period of (second) swell waves in seconds
TwTwTw
VV
Vs
W1W2
Horizontal visibility
Speed of ship, ship's average speed
Past weather (1-primary, 2-secondary)
Rs
Si
Sn
TdTdTd
()
WW
MM
YY
2i
Present Weather
Year
Month
Day of the month
Ice situation and trend
UUU
zz
RRR
Is
iw
iR
ix
Qc
Quadrant
8.12.
about
ABV
above
ACPY
accompany
ACRS
across
,
ADVN
advance
AFTN
afternoon
,
AMS
air mass
,
ARND
around
AT
attitude
,
,
AVG
average
become
BCMG
becoming
BGF
big floe
BGN
begin
,
,
BHND
behind
,
BLO
below
BRKN
broken
fog
CHG
change
CLO
cloud ,
CLR
clear
(33-43 )
CLRG
clearing
CMNC
commence
(12-15 )
CN
concentra
tion
CND
condition
,
CNTR
centre
CONTN
continue
close pack
ice
, CSTL
costal
()
BSH
brash ice
DCR
decrease
,
, DCRG
decreasing
,
developing vicinity
low
()
)
OMSH
diminish
,
DNS
dense
,
DFT
drift
DRZL
drizzle
DSIPT
disperse
DSNT
distant
DST
destroy
DWLP
development
DWPNT
dew point
ENDG
ending
floe
ENTR
FCST
FLD
FIG
FLW
FQT
FQT SHWRS
FRMG
entirely
forecast
field
falling
follow
frequent
frequent
shower
forming
FRST
FRZ
FRZN
GENLY
GND
frost
freeze
frozen
generally
ground
GNDFG
ground
GRDL
GRP
GW
gradual
group
gale
wind
HIGH
SEAS
HRZN
HURCN
HUREP
HZY
ICE FREE
ICG
I NCR
INDFT
INTS
INVIC
horizon
hurricane
hazy
icing
increase
indefinite
intensive
in
IPV
LCL
LCLY
LGT
LEAD
LKLY
LTL
LVL
LWR
LYR
MBS
MDF
improve
local
locally
light
MDT
moderate
likely
little
level
lower
layer
millibars
medium
125
MID
MIDN
MIN
MOV
MRNQ
MSL
middle
midnight
minimum
movement
morning
mean sea
level
NRN northen
OCFNT occlusion
front
OCLN occlusion
OCN occasion
OPEN
WATER
1
OPWR open water
OVC overcast
PCPN precipita
tion
PRO
period
PRTG protracting
PSBL possible
PSN
position
PRLY partly
PVL
prevail
QS
quasistationary
RDG ridge
RMN remain
RPDLY rapidly
SCTD scattered
SHWRS showers
SFC
surface
SHFT shift
,
SHLW shallow
SHWR shower
, ,
SL
slush
SLGTLY slightly
SLOWLY
SLT
sleet
SMF
small floes
SMK smoke
( 48 )
SNW snow
SQLL squall
STA
stationary
STM storm
STNY stationary
STNRY stationary
SVRL several
SW
storm wind
SYN
TD
synopsis
tropical
depression
thaw hole
THN thin
TROG through
TS
tropical
storm
TSNWR thundershower
TSTM thunderstorm
TWO toward(s)
TY
typhoon
UNK unknown
VAF
vast floes
VAR variable
VCPK very close (10
)
pack ice
VEL
velocity
VOPK very open
pack ice
VSB
visible
VSBY visibility
WO
wide
WK
weak
WKN weaken
WLY westerly
WNO wind
WRM warm
WRN western
WWD westward