my bin p

Phn II: My bin p

Chng 1: Nguyn l lm vic - kt cu c bn
Chng 2: T ni dy - mch t ca my bin p
Chng 3: Cc quan h in t trong my
Chng 4: My bin p lm vic vi ti
khng i xng
Chng 5: Qu trnh qu trong my bin p
Chng 6: My bin p c bit
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Ni dung

Next

my bin p

Chng 1: Nguyn l lm vic

V kt cu c bn
1.1: Nguyn l lm vic
1.2: Phn loi my bin p
1.3: Cu to my bin p

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Phn II

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my bin p

1.1: Nguyn l lm vic

1. nh ngha:
2. Nguyn l lm vic:

i1
u1

i2

W1

W2

Zt

u2

Cuncun
Hai
dy dy
(1) c
(2)
cng
s c
vng qun
W21,lt
trn
cun
vo
lidy
li
st (3)
th
c in
cp.p u1 gi l cun dy s cp.
Zt l ph ti ca bin p
t in p hnh sin u1 vo dy qun s cp th t thng do n sinh
ra cng l hnh sin: = m.sint. Theo nh lut cm ng in t
sc in ng cm ng trong dy qun (1) v (2) s l:
d
e1 = - W1.
= - W1. d m . sin t = - W1..m.cost
dt
dt

= W1..m.sin (t - ) = 2 .E1 . sin t

(1)
2
2

W .. m 2f1 .W1 . m
Vi: E1 = 1
= 4,44.W1.f.m
(2)
=
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Next

my bin p
Tng t: e 2 = W2
Vi: E2 =

W2 .. m

d
dt

= 4,44.W2.f.m

T s my bin p K:

= 2 .E 2 . sin t
2

K=

(3)
(4)

E 1 4,44.W1 .f . m W1
=
=
E 2 4,44.W2 .f . m W2

- Nu b qua in p ri trn dy qun s cp v th cp th ta c:

U1 E1 v U2 E2 K = E 1 U 1
E2

U2

- Trong my bin p l tng: P1 = P2 U1.I1 = U2.I2 K =

Back

Chng 1

U1 I2
=
U 2 I1

Next

my bin p

1.2: Phn loi my bin p

1. Phn theo cng dng:
My bin p in lc: Dng truyn ti v phn phi in nng
trong h thng in lc.
My bin p t ngu: Bin i in p trong 1 phm vi khng ln
dng m my cc ng c in xoay chiu.
My bin p chuyn dng: L nhng loi my bin p ch dng
trong nhng lnh vc nht nh: my bin p hn, my bin p chnh
lu, my bin p cao tn...
My bin p o lng: Dng gim p v dng in ln a vo
dng c o.
My bin p th nghim: Dng th nghim in p cao.

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Chng 1

Next

my bin p

2. Phn loi theo phng php lm mt:

My bin p kiu li: C dy qun bao quanh li thp.
My bin p kiu v (bc): C 1 phn mch t bao quanh 1 phn
dy qun.
My bin p du: Lm mt bng du.
My bin p kh: Lm mt bng khng kh.
3. Phn loi theo s pha v s tr:
My bin p 1 pha, 3 pha, nhiu pha.
My bin p 3 pha 3 tr, 3 pha 5 tr.
My bin p 2 dy qun, 3 dy qun, nhiu dy qun.

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Chng 1

Next

my bin p

1.3: Cu to my bin p

My bin p
trung th

Back

Next

Chng 1

S cao p
Np my

S h p

cnh tn nhit

V my
Mc my

Cu to MBA lc 3 pha

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Chng 1

Next

Back

Next

Chng 1

my bin p
G

1. Li thp:
- gim tn hao do
dng in xoy mch t
ca my bin p c
ghp t nhng l thp
KT dy 0,35 0,5 mm
c sn cch in vi
nhau.

G
T

G
My bin p kiu li 1 pha v 3 pha
G
T

G
G

G
G
My bin p kiu bc 1 pha v 3 pha

hnh thnh khung t ca my bin p ta c 2 kiu ghp nh sau:

Ghp ni (ri)
Ghp xen k

Lt 1
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Chng 1

Lt 2

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my bin p
Tit din tr st thng l hnh bc thang
S bc a gic n: Dn 100mm n = 4
Dn (100 500) mm n = 5 ; 6
Dn 1000 mm n = 9 ;10
Tit din ca gng c
th l hnh vung, hnh
ch thp, hnh ch T...
2. Dy qun:
L b phn truyn ti nng lng t u vo n u ra ca
my bin p. Dy qun my bin p thng lm bng ng, cng
c th lm bng nhm.
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Next

Chng 1

my bin p
HA

Theo cch b tr dy
qun cao p (CA) v h
p (HA) ta chia thnh
dy qun ng tm (a) v
dy qun xen k (b).

HA
CA

CA
(b)

(a)

Trong thc t ngi ta thng dng dy qun ng tm, bao gm

cc kiu sau:
Dy qun hnh tr: Tit din dy trn
nh thng lm dy qun CA v qun
nhiu lp. Nu tit din dy ln dng
dy dn bt qun 2 lp (thng qun
ghp 2 hoc nhiu si) ch yu dng
lm dy qun HA ( 6KV).
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Chng 1

Next

my bin p

Dy qun hnh xon (dy

qun ghp): Kiu ny thng dng
cho my bin p trung bnh v ln.
Nu tit din ln d gia cng c
th ghp kp dy qun bt.

Ghp n

Ghp kp

Dy qun xon c lin tc: Dy Ngoi qun vo

qun ny ch yu dng lm cun
CA in p 35 KV v dung
lng ln.

Trong qun ra

3. V my: Gm thng v np thng.

Back

Chng 1

Next

my bin p

Chng 2: T ni dy v mch t
My bin p

2.1. T ni dy my bin p
2.2. Mch t ca my bin p

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Phn II

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my bin p
2.1. T ni dy my bin p
1. Cch k hiu u dy:
Tn dy qun
u u
u cui
- Cao p CA 1 pha
A
X
3 pha
A, B, C
X, Y, Z
- H p HA 1 pha
a
x
3 pha
a, b, c
x, y, z
- Trung p
1 pha
Am
Xm
3 pha
Am, Bm, Cm
Xm, Ym, Zm
- Dy trung tnh: Pha cao p: O; H p: o; Trung p: Om
2. Cc kiu u dy qun:
Cc kiu u dy ca my bin p ph thuc vo cp in p,
mc nh hng ca ph ti khng i xng v loi ph ti.
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Chng 2

my bin p
a) Ni sao (Y , Y0):
Trong dy qun ni Y: Ud = 3 Uf, Id = If.
Dy qun ni Y dng cho dy qun CA v khi
Uf < Ud 3 ln c li v mt cch in. Dy
qun ni Y0 dng trong trng hp ph ti hn
hp dng c Ud v Uf, ch yu dng cho dy qun
CA. Trong 1 s t trng hp dng c cho HA.

Back

Chng 2

(Y)

C O

(Y0)

b) Ni tam gic ():

Trong dy qun ni : Id = 3 If, Ud = Uf.
Thng dng cho dy qun HA ca my bin p
trung gian. Vic ni c li hn pha HA v
dng in If < Id 3 ln c th gim tit din
dy thun tin cho vic ch to.

Z
C

()
X

Y
Next

my bin p
c) Ni Zch zc (Z):
Mi pha dy qun c chia lm 2 phn t trn
2 tr khc nhau, ni ni tip nhau v u ngc
nhau. Trng hp ny u phc tp v tn dy
ng ch dng trong nhng trng hp c
bit: my bin p chnh lu, my bin p o
lng...
3. T ni dy ca my bin p:

X'

Y'

Z'

A'

B'

C'

T ni dy biu th gc lch pha gia cc sc in ng dy qun

s cp v th cp ca my bin p.
Gc lch pha ny (t ni dy) ph thuc vo:
- Chiu qun dy.
- Cch k hiu cc u dy
- Kiu u dy s cp v th cp.
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Next

Chng 2

my bin p
11 12 1

xc nh t ni dy ca my bin p
ta dng phng php kim ng h:
a) Xc nh t ni dy ca my bin p 1 pha:

10

9
4

8
7

A
X
a
x

A
EA

a
Ea

A
X
x
a

Xx

= 0o I/I-12

Back

A
EA
X x
Ea
a

= 180o I/I-6

Chng 2

Next

my bin p
b) Xc nh t ni dy ca my bin p 3 pha:
B
* My bin p 3 pha ni Y/Y:
A

EAB

Z
X
a

Y
b

Z
c

Eab

A
b

Y/Y - 12

Eab

EAB

Nu hon v th t cc pha th cp hoc i

chiu qun dy hay i k hiu u dy ca
dy qun th cp ta c cc t ni dy chn: 2,
4, 6, 8, 10, 12.
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Next

Chng 2

my bin p
* My bin p 3 pha ni Y/:
Gi thit dy qun s cp ni hnh Y, dy qun th cp ni .
A

EAB
X

EAB

11
Eab

c
z
b

c
x

= 30o Y/ - 11

Eab
y a

Nu ta i th t cc pha th cp hoc i chiu qun dy hay

i k hiu u dy ca dy qun th cp ta c cc t ni dy l: 1,
3, 5, 7, 9, 11.
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Chng 2

Next

my bin p
* My bin p 3 pha ni Y/Z:
Gi thit dy qun s cp ni hnh Y, dy qun th cp ni Z.
Cch xc nh:

V vc t xa ngc
pha vi XA. a z.
t tip zc trng
pha vi ZC.
V tng t ta c:
yb v xa;

X
a

C
EAB

Y Z
b
c

Y/Z-11
A

x'

y'

c'y'

zc v yb.
a'

y
x z

Eab

c'

b'

a'z'

z'

b'x'
a

Back

Next

Chng 2

Bi tp: xc nh cc t ni dy trong cc s sau:

A

X
b

Y
c

Z
a

X
c

Y
a

Z
b

A
X

x
A
X

y
B
Y

z
C

x
A

y
B

z
C

my bin p

2.2. Mch t ca my bin p

1. Cc dng mch t:
a) Vi my bin p 1 pha: c 2 loi kt cu mch t: kiu li
v kiu bc.
b) Vi my bin p 3 pha:
My bin p c h thng mch t ring: T my bin p 3 pha
My bin p c h thng mch t chung: My bin p 3 pha 3 tr
A

a B

x
X
Back

b C

z
Z

(*)

Chng 2

Next

my bin p
2. Cc hin tng xy ra khi t ho li thp:
Ta xt khi my bin p lm vic khng ti. Ngha l khi t vo dy
qun s cp in p hnh sin cn dy qun th cp h mch.
a) My bin p 1 pha:
i0
i2
Khi c in p hnh sin u = Um.sint t vo
u2
dy qun s cp s sinh ra dng khng ti i0 u1
chy trong n. i0 sinh ra t thng chy trong
li thp. Nu b qua in p ri trn in tr
dy qun th ta c: u = - e = W. d .
dt
Ngha l t thng sinh ra cng bin thin hnh sin theo thi gian:
= m.sin(t - ).
2
* Nu khng k n tn hao trong li thp th dng i0 l dng phn
khng t ho li thp i0= i0X. Do quan h = f(i0) chnh l
quan h t ho B = f(H).
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Chng 2

Next

my bin p
* Nu k n tn hao trong li thp th quan h (i0) l quan
h t tr B(H). Khi i0 c dng nhn u nhng vt trc
mt gc no . c gi l gc tn hao t tr, ph thuc
vo tn hao t tr trong li thp.
Dng khng ti gm hai
thnh phn:
+ I0x l thnh phn phn
khng t ho li thp
to nn v cng chiu
vi .
+ I0r gy nn tn hao st
t trong li thp:
Thc t nh I0x I0
I 0 = I 20 x + I 20 r
Back

,i0

B ()

i0

H(i0)

U1
I0

Chng 2

I0r

I0x

m
Next

my bin p
b) My bin p 3 pha:
Khi khng ti nu xt tng pha ring l th dng bc 3 trong cc pha:
i03A = I03m. sin3t
i03B = I03m. sin3(t 1200) = I03m sin3t
i03C = I03m. sin3(t 2400) = I03m sin3t.
Trng pha nhau v thi gian, song dng sng ph thuc vo kt cu
mch t v cch u dy qun.
* Trng hp my bin p ni Y/Y:
V dy qun s cp ni Y nn thnh phn dng bc 3 khng tn ti
i0 s c dng hnh sin v t thng do n sinh ra c dng vt u:
= 1 + 3 +5.
- i vi t my bin p 3 pha :
V mch t ca c 3 pha ring r nn 3 ca c 3 pha s d dng
khp mch nh 1. Trong dy qun s cp v th cp ngoi sc in
ng e1 do 1 sinh ra v chm sau 11 gc 900 cn c e3 do 3 to
ra v chm sau 3, 900.
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Chng 2

Next

my bin p

Sc in ng tng trong
1
pha: e = e1+ e3 c dng nhn u gy
3
nguy him cho cch in ca dy
qun v h hng thit b o lng.
V vy thc t khng dng kiu u
e
Y/Y cho t my bin p 3 pha.
e1
e3
- i vi my bin p 3 pha 3 tr:
V 3 p mch vi tn s 3f qua
vch thng, gy nn tn hao ph lm
hiu sut my bin p gim.
Phng php u Y/Y cng ch p
dng cho cc my bin p 3 pha 3 tr
vi dung lng 5600KVA.
* My bin p 3 pha ni /Y: Dy qun s cp ni nn dng i03 s
khp kn trong tam gic , dng t ho s c dng nhn u v
e1, e2 u l hnh sin nn khng c nhng bt li nh trng hp trn.
Next

Chng 2

Back

my bin p
* My bin p 3 pha ni Y/:

3Y

Tm li: Khi my bin p lm vic khng ti

cc cch u Y/ hay /Y u trnh c tc hi
E& 23
3
ca t thng v sc in ng iu ho bc 3.
0
3. Tnh ton mch t:
Mc ch: xc nh dng in cn thit t ho
(3)
li thp v tn hao trong mch t.
Ta phn tch dng t ho thnh 2 thnh phn:
I& 23
+ Thnh phn tc dng i0r.
+ Thnh phn phn khng i0x.
a) Thnh phn dng in tc dng i0r: Ph thuc vo tn hao st. Tn
hao ny c th tnh gn ng:
1, 3
pFe = P10/50[Bt2.Gt + Bg2.Gg] f
(W)
50

p
i 0 r = Fe
(A)
mU 1

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Chng 2

Next

my bin p
Vi: + p10/50 l sut tn hao trong thp khi cng t cm
l 10 kiloGaux (hay 1T) v f = 50 Hz.
+ Bt v Bg l cng t cm trong tr v gng.
+ Gt v Gg l trng lng tr v gng tnh theo kch
thc hnh hc ca li thp (Kg).
+ m l s pha ca my bin p.
b) Thnh phn dng in phn khng:
C th tnh theo 2 phng php:
Bt
F
+ I0x =
vi F = Ht.lt + 2 Hg.lg + n 'k . . l sc t ng trung
0
3
bnh. 2 .W
T
n 'k =
l s khe h tnh ton gia tr v gng
3
q t .t .G t + q t.g .G g + n.q .S
Q
+ I 0x = 0 =
mU 1
mU 1
q t .t , q t .g l sut t ho trong tr v gng.
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Chng 2

Next

my bin p
Chng 3: Cc quan h in t trong my
3.1: Cc phng trnh c bn
3.2: Mch in thay th ca my bin p
3.3: th vc t ca my bin p
3.4: Xc nh tham s ca my bin p
3.5: thay i in p - c tnh
ngoi ca my bin p
3.6: Cn bng nng lng trong
my bin p
3.7: Ghp my bin p lm vic song song
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Phn II

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my bin p

3.1: Cc phng trnh c bn

1. Phng trnh cn bng sc in ng:
i2
i1
- Phn ln c khp kn qua mch t
u
e2 2
W2
v mc vng vi c 2 dy qun , sinh ra u1 e1 W1
trong 2 dy qun cc sc in ng
d
d
chnh:
e1 = 1 = W1

(3.1)
dt
dt
Trong : 1 = W1.
d
d (3.2)
2 = W2.
e 2 = 2 = W2
dt
dt
- Mt phn t thng khng khp kn qua mch t m khp mch
qua khng kh hoc du my bin p l t thng tn 1 v 2
d 1
d 1 (3.3)
Vi 1 = W1 . 1
e 1 =
= W1 .
dt
dt
2 = W2 . 2
d 2
d 2
e 2 =
= W2 .
(3.4)
dt

dt

Back

Next

Chng 3

my bin p
Do cc t trng tn ch khp kn qua mi trng phi t tnh c
t thm = const. Khi c th xem nh t thng tn t l vi
dng in sinh ra n thng qua h s in cm tn L1 v L2.
V vy ta c 1 = L1.i1 v 2 = L2.i2
di
e1 = - L1. 1 (3.5)
v e2 = - L2. di 2 (3.6)
dt

dt

- p dng lut Kishop 2 cho mch vng s cp v th cp ta c:

Pha s cp: u1 + e1 + e1 = i1.r1 u1 = - e1 - e1 + i1.r1
Pha th cp: e2 + e2 = u2 + i2.r2 u2 = e2 + e2 i2.r2
& = E& E& + &I r
Biu din di dng phc: U
1
1
1
1 1

(3.7)
& = E& + E&
&
(3.8)
U
2
2
2 I 2 r2
- Vi gi thit u1 l hnh sin th i1 = I1msint.Thay vo biu thc (3.5)

e1 = - L1. d ( I 1m sin t ) = - L1.I1m..cost = L1.I1m..sin(t - )

2
dt
= 2 .E1. sin(t - ) (3.9) Vi E = L 1 .I 1m .
1
2
2

Back

Chng 3

Next

my bin p
Tng t: e2 =

2 .E2. sin(t -

)
2

L .I .
Vi E2 = 2 2 m
2
&
Biu din di dng phc: E 1 = j&I1 x 1
E& 2 = j&I 2 x 2

(3.10)

(3.11)
(3.12)
Vi x1 = L1. v x2 = L2. l in khng tn ca dy qun s cp
v th cp.
Thay vo (3.7) v (3.8) ta c:
& = E& j&I x + &I r = E& + &I ( jx + r )
U
1
1
1 1
11
1
1
1
1
&
&
&
(3.13)
U 1 = E1 + I1 Z1
& = E& j&I x &I r = E& &I ( jx + r )
U
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
&
&
&
U 2 = E2 I2 Z2

Back

Chng 3

(3.14)

Next

my bin p
2.Phng trnh cn bng sc t ng:
Nu b qua in p ri trn dy qun s cp th ta c:
U1 = E1 = 4,44W1fm. Nhng U1 = Um = const d my bin p
khng ti hay c ti nn m = const v E1 = const. m = const th
sc t ng khi khng ti sinh ra m phi bng tng sc t ng s
cp v th cp khi c ti tng sc t ng cng sinh ra = m.
Ta c phng trnh cn bng sc t ng ca my bin p:
i2
i1W1 + i2W2 = i0W1
&I1 W1 + &I 2 W2 = &Ii10 W1

u
&I1 + &I 2 W2 = &I 0
&I1 = &I 0 + &I 2 uW2 e W1
e2 2
W2

1
1
W1

W1

&I1 = &I 0 + ( &I'2 )

Khi MBA c ti dng I1 gm 2 thnh phn: Thnh phn I0 dng
sinh ra t thng trong my bin p cn thnh phn (- I2) lm nhim
v b li tc dng ca ti trong mch th cp.
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Chng 3

Next

my bin p

3.2: Mch in thay th ca my bin p

1. Quy i my bin p:
a) Sc in ng v in p th cp quy i E '2 , U '2 :
'
E
W
E'
W
'
Ta c: W2 = W1 v E1 = E 2 Mt khc: 1 = 1 hay 2 = 1 = k
E 2 W2
E 2 W2
'
E 2 = k.E2
Vi k l h s quy i ca my bin p.
'
U
Tng t:
2 = k.U2
'

b) Dng in th cp quy i I 2 :
E
1
E2.I2 = E '2 I '2 I '2 = 2 I 2 = I 2
'

E2

c) in tr, in khng v tng tr th cp quy i:

I 22 r2

I '22 r2'

x '2 = k 2 x 2

r2'

I
= '2
I
2
'

r2 = k 2 r2

Z2 = k Z2

Back

Z 't = k 2 Z t
Next

Chng 3

my bin p
d) H phng trnh c bn sau quy i:
r1
&
& &

x1

U1 = E1 + I1Z1

&I
1

& '2 = E& '2 &I '2 Z '2

U
&I 1 = &I 0 + ( &I '2 )

&
U
1

r2

x2

&'
xm I 2

&I
0
r
E& 1 = E& '2 m

&'
U
2

Z 't

2. Mch in thay th:

3. Mch in thay th n gin ca my bin p:
Thc t thng Zm >> Z1 v Z '2 nn ta coi Zm = &I 0 0 &I1 = &I '2
rn
xn
'

rn = r1 + r2
x n = x1 + x '2

&1
U

Z n = rn + jx n

&I = I& '

1
2

& '2
U

Z 't

Zn l tng tr ngn mch ca my bin p

Back

Chng 3

Next

my bin p

3.3: th vc t ca my bin p
j I& 1 x 1

Khi ph ti i xng in p t vo dy
&
qun s cp U1 = const v f = const. Da vo U 1
h phng trnh ca my bin p khi c ti:
& = E& + &I Z
U
1
1
1 1
=
&I 1 = &I 0 +
E& = E& '

& '2
U
1

E& '2

E& 1

&I '2 Z '2

( &I '2 )

&I '2

&I
0

2
U& '2

I& '2 r2'

j &I '2 x '2 E& 1 = E& '2

Next

Chng 3

my bin p
2. Khi ti c tnh dung (RC):
j &I 1 x 1
'
&
V ti c tnh dung nn I 2 vt
&1
U
trc E& '2 1 gc '
x t + x '2
2 = artg '
&I 1
rt + r2'
1
T th vc t U& '2 > E& '2
v 1 < 2

I& 1 r1

E& 1

&I '2
&I
0

2
2

U& '2
&I '2 r2'

Back

&I 1

1.Khi ti c tnh cht cm (RL):

V ti c tnh cht cm nn &I '2 chm sau E& '2
x ' + x '2
1 gc
2 = artg t'
&I '2
rt + r2'
& '2 < E& '2
T th vc t U
& , &I1 )> = ( & ' , & ' )
v 1 = ( U
1
U 2 I2
2
Back

I& 1 r1

Chng 3

&I '2

E& 1 = E& '2

j &I '2 x '2
Next

my bin p
* Tng ng vi mch in thay th n gin ( &I 0 = 0) ta c
th vc t n gin. Khi :
& =U
& ' + &I Z = U
& ' + &I (r + jx )
U
1
2
1 n
2
1 n
n
j &I 1 x n

& 1 j I& 1 x n
U

&1
U

I& 1 rn
&'
U
2

I& 1 rn
&'
U
2

&I 1 = &I '2

&I 1 = &I '2

1
2

RL: 1 > 2

RC: 1 < 2

Back

Next

Chng 3

my bin p
3.4: Xc nh tham s ca my bin p
1. Phng php xc nh tham s bng thc nghim:
a) Th nghim khng ti:
S th nghim khng ti ca my bin p 1 pha:
I0
A

Ta c:
Z0 =
r0 =

U1
I0

P0

P0
W

U1

x 0 = Z 20 r02

U10

U20
V

I 20

T s my bin p: K =

Back

W1
U
1
W2 U 20

cos 0 =

Chng 3

P0
U1I 0
Next

my bin p
S th nghim khng ti ca my bin p 3 pha:
Vi my bin p 3 pha u Y/Y:
Z0 =

r0 =

U 0f
U 0d
=
I 0f
3 .I 0 d

P0
3.I 20 d

I0
A

P0
W
V V

V V

W
A
x 0 = Z 20 r02
Vi my bin p 3 pha u /Y:
U
3 .U 0 d
Z 0 = 0f =
I 0f
I 0d
x 0 = Z 20 r02
P
P
r0 = 02 = 20
3 .I 0 f
I 0d
P0
U
T s my bin p: k = f 1
H s cng sut cos0 =
3.U 0 d .I 0 d
Uf2
Back

Next

Chng 3

my bin p
Bng th nghim khng ti ta xc nh c cc tham s ca
gin thay th khi my bin p khng ti:
r1
x1
Khi my bin p khng ti th &I 2 = 0 do cc
&I
xm
0
&
tham s khng ti: Z0 = Z1 + Zm

E
&
U1
1
r0 = r1 + rm
rm
x0 = x1 + xm
& 1 j I& x
Thng thng cc my bin p in lc:
U
0 1
r1 << rm v x1 << xm nn c th coi tng tr,
&
E& 1 I 0 r1
in tr, in khng khng ti bng cc tham
s t ho tng ng: Z0 Zm, x0 xm, r0 rm.
- Khi khng ti ta c h phng trnh:
& = E& + &I Z
U
1
1
0 1
'
'
&
&
U 20 = E 2 = E 1
&I = &I
1
0
H s cos lc khng ti rt nh: cos0 < 0,1

E& 1 = E& '2

&I
0

Next

my bin p
b) Th nghim ngn mch:
Vi my bin p 1 pha:
U
Zn = n
In
2
2
rn =

xn =

Pn
I 2n

In
A

Pn
U1n
V

U1

Z n rn

Vi my bin p 3 pha ni Y/Y:

Vi my bin p 3 pha ni /Y:

Back

U nd
3.I nd
P
rn = n2
3.I nd
3.U nd
Zn =
I nd
P
rn = 2n
I nd
Zn =

x n = Z 2n rn2

x n = Z 2n rn2

Next

Chng 3

my bin p
Mt khc: Khi ngn mch in p t vo rt b nn t thng
chnh m rt b, ngha l dng t ho b c th b qua thnh
&I1 = &I '2
phn t ho
& '2 n = 0 = E& '2 n &I'2 Z '2
& 1 = E& 1n + &I1Z1
U
U
rn
xn
E& '2 n = E& 1n = &I '2 Z '2
& = &I' Z ' + &I Z = &I ( Z + Z ' )
U
1
2 2
1 1
1
1
2
= I&1 r1 + r2' + j x1 + x '2 = &I1Z n

[(

) (

&I n

)]

&1
U

Gin thay th ca my bin p khi ngn mch:

Z n = rn + jx n ; rn = r1 + r2'

; x n = x 1 + x 2 l tng tr,
in tr, in khng ngn mch ca my bin p.
V i0 0 nn cng sut lc ngn mch l cng sut dng b vo
tn hao ng trong dy qun s cp v th cp ca my bin p.
'

Pn = p cu1 + p cu 2 = I12n r1 + I '22n r2'

= I12n ( r1 + r2' ) = I12n rn

Back

Chng 3

Next

my bin p
j &I dm x 1

B
& n = &I dm Z n
U

ImZn

& = j &I x
U
nx
dm n
n

& = &I r
0 U
nr
dm n

&I dm r2'
&I dm

&I dm r1

I dm x n

j &I dm x '2

&I
dm

Imrn

in p ngn mch c th xem nh 1 i lng c trng cho in

tr v in khng tn ca my bin p: Unr = I1.rn v Unx = I1.xn
un% =

Un
I Z
.100 = dm n .100
U dm
U dm

Cc thnh phn in p ngn mch l:

U
I x
U
I r
u nx % = nx .100 = dm n .100
u nr % = nr .100 = dm n .100
U dm
U dm
U dm
U dm

Back

Next

Chng 3

my bin p
3.5: thay i in p - c tnh ngoi
ca my bin p
1. thay i in p:
Hiu s s hc gia cc tr s ca in p th cp lc khng ti U20
v lc c ti U2 trong iu kin U1m khng i gi l thay i
in p U ca my bin p.
Trong h n v tng i:
U 20 U 2
U' U'
U
U '2
= 20 ' 2 = 1dm
= 1 U '2
U 20
U 1dm
U 20
U'
Trong : U '2 = 2
U 1dm
U =

(3.23)

thay i in p U c th c xc nh da vo biu
vc t n gin v trong h n v tng i.
I

2
Gi s MBA lm vic 1 ti no c h s ti =
I 2 dm
h s cos2

Back

Chng 3

v
Next

my bin p
Tam gic in khng ABC c:
CB =

I 2' .rn
I ' .r I '
= 2 dm n . ' 2 = U nr * .
U1dm
U1dm I 2 dm

I ' .x
I ' .x I '
AB = 2 n = 2 dm n . ' 2 = U nx* .
U1dm
U1dm I 2 dm

C
0

U1*=1

U2*

I2*

T A h ng vung gc vi OC v ct OC ti P.
2
t AP = n; CP = m. Khi : U '2* = 1 n 2 m 1 n m (3.24)
2
Thay vo (3.23):
2
n2
n
'
U* = 1 - U 2* = 1 - 1 +
+m=
+m
(3.25)
2

Theo th vc t:
m = CP = Ca + aP = Unr* ..cos2 + Unx*..sin2
n = Ab bP = U nx* ..cos2 - Unr*..sin2
Thay vo (3.25) :
2
(U nx* . cos 2 U nr* . sin 2 )2 + .(U nr* . cos 2 + U nx* . sin 2
U * =
2
Next

Chng 3

Back

my bin p
Thng thng s hng th nht ca bi thc rt nh c th b
qua v ta c: U * = .(U nr* . cos 2 + U nx* . sin 2 )
(3.26)
Nu tnh theo %: U * % = .(U nr* %. cos 2 + U nx* %. sin 2 ) (3.27)
Trong biu thc tnh trn U*, Unr, Unx c xc nh do cu to
ca MBA nh vy U ch ph thuc vo h s ti v tnh cht ca ti.
l mi quan h: U = f() khi cos2 = const
U = f(cos2) khi = const
th biu din mi quan h c v nh sau:
4
2

U%
2>0

0
-2

Cos 2=0,7
Cos 2=1
1

2<0

Back

U%

0,4

2
0,8
1

2<0

Cos 2=0,7

0
2>0

Cos 2

-4
Chng 3

Next

my bin p
2. c tnh ngoi ca my bin p: U2 = f(I2)
Khi U1 = const; cos2 = const; f = const.
U2
c tnh c dng:

2<0

Um

Um

3. iu
in15)%
p catu
my
bin
p:p:
Unchnh
% = (5,5
theo
in
SGi
tr
nguyn
l
iu
chnh
in
p:
nh my bin p c Um 3,5 KV
Gi A
tr ln Amy bin p cX1UXm
>3 500 KV 0
2X
Thng I2 = I2m, cos2 = 0,8, Un% = (5,5 15)%
Th Um% = (5, 8)%Um
Y1
Y2

Z1
Z2

X3
X2
X1

X1
X2
X3

Z3

Y3

A2
A4
A6
A3
A5
A7

A3

A7

A4

A6

Chng 3

A2

A5
Back

2>0
I2

X
Next

my bin p
3.6: Gin nng lng trong my bin p
1. Cc loi tn hao v gin nng lng: p
cu1
pFe1
pcu2
Cng sut tc dng:
P1 = U1I1cos1.
P2
P1
Pt
pcu1 = r1.I 12
;pFe1 = rm. I 20
' '
Pt = P1 - pcu1 - pFe1 = E 2 I 2cos2.
qcu1
pcu2 = I '22 r2'
qFe1
qcu2
P2 = Pt - pcu2 = U2I2cos2.
Cng sut phn khng:
Q1
Qt
Q2
Q1 = U1I1sin1.
2
2
qFe = xm. I 0
; q1 = x1. I1
pcu1jqcu1 p jq
Fe
Fe1
Qt = Q1 - q1 - qFe = E '2 I '2 sin2
pcu2 jqcu2
'2 '
q2 = I 2 x 2
P1 j Q1
Q2 = Qt - q2 = U2I2sin2.
P2 jQ2
Pt jQt
Gin nng lng tng hp:
Back

Chng 3

Next

my bin p
2. Hiu sut my bin p:

P1 p
P
p 100%
100% = 1
% = 2 100% =

P1
P1
P1

p cu + p Fe
max
= 1
100%

P
p
+
p
2 + cu
Fe

v cos
Khi my
p lmmy
vicbin
tipvi
I2 sut
Lcbin
vn hnh
hiu
c2 ta c
cng
P2 =cch
U2I2xc
cosnh
th sut
tnh u
ginra:tip bng
cc
2.
t
/I2mng
= vi
. Do

U
v
S
=
U
tnI2hao
tiU
cn
c
theo
tn
hao
2
20
m
20.I2m

P
=

.S
.
cos

.
khng2 ti P0m
v tn hao
ngn mch Pn ghi
2
0
Mt
khc
U1 =minh
constmy.
t thng trong li thp thay
trong
thuyt
i rt t theo ti nn tn hao st xem
nh khng
2

P
P
n
i Vy:
: pFe =P%
Tn
ng: 0
0. =
1hao

2
2 S .2cos I 2+ P + 2 P 100%
p cu =rn .I 2 = rdm
n .I 2 dm .
I2 0= .p n n
2 dm
Back

P0
Pn

Next

Chng 3

my bin p
3.7: Ghp cc my bin p lm vic song song
1. ngha:
A
2. S ghp:
3. iu kin vn hnh song song my bin p:
Cc my bin p c cng t ni dy.
C cng t s bin i K.
C in p ngn mch nh nhau.
a) iu kin cng t ni dy:
Xt 2 my bin p vn hnh song song:
My I v my II.
Nu chng c cng t ni dy th in p
th cp ca chng s trng pha nhau. Nu
t ni dy khc nhau th gia cc in p
th cp c s lch pha.

Back

Chng 3

&I
cbII

U1

U2

E&
&I
cbI
E& 2 II

E&

E& 2 I
Next

my bin p
b) iu kin c cng t s bin i K:
Gi s K khc nhau E2I E2II. Ngay khi khng ti trong dy qun
th cp ca cc my bin p s c dng cn bng do s chnh lch
E& 2 I
in p: E = E2I - E2II (hnh a).
&I cbI Z nI
&I
&2
cbI
U
&I cbII Z nII
&I
cbII
&I '2 I
&I '
E& 2 II
2 II
&
U2
&
&

I tI = I tII

Hnh a
Hnh b

&I cbI

&I cbII

Khi c ti: dng cn bng s cng vo dng in ti lm cho h s

ti ca cc my bin p khc nhau nh hng xu n vic li
dng cng sut cc my (hnh b).
Back

Next

Chng 3

my bin p
c) iu kin c cng tr s in p ngn mch:
Z=

1
1
1
+
Z nI Z nII

ZnI

ni

(3.28)

in p ri trn mch in:

& =U
& U
& ' = Z.&I
U
1
2
&I = &I1 = &I '2 l dng tng ca cc MBA

My II:

&I '2 II

ZnII

U& '2

U&

&1
U

&I
U Z.&I
I& '2 I =
=
=
(3.29)
Z nI Z nI Z . 1
nI
Z ni
&
&
U
Z.I
I
=
=
=
(3.30)
Z nII Z nII Z . 1
nII
Z ni
Chng 3

&I '2 II

&1
U

Thc t nI nII nn khi tnh ton c th thay th

cc s phc bng m un ca chng.
Back

&I '2

I& 1

Dng in ti ca mi my bin p:
My I:

I& '2 I

nI

nII

& '2
U
&I'2 I

&I '2 II

Next

my bin p
T (3.32) ta c: I'2 I =

Nhn 2 v vi
Ta c:

Tnh tng t :

Back

U nI
I
. dmi
I dmI
U ni

U dmI
U dmI
=
S dmI
U dmI .I dmI

I'2 I
I.U dmI
S
=
=
S
I dmI U .U . I dmi
U nI . dmi
nI
dmI
U ni
U ni

I =

II =

U nI .

S dmi
U ni

S
U nII . dmi
U ni

Trong : S = UmI.I l tng cng

sut truyn ti ca cc my bin p
I : II =

Chng 3

1
1
:
U nI U nII
Next

my bin p

Chng 4: My bin p lm vic

vi ti khng i xng
4.1: Nguyn nhn - s bin i dng in
khng i xng
4.2: hin tng mt i xng cc in p
pha khi ti khng i xng

Back

Phn II

Next

my bin p
4.1: Nguyn nhn - s bin i dng in
khng i xng
1. Nguyn nhn:
- My bin p lm vic khng i xng khi ti phn phi khng u
cho 3 pha.
- Khi my bin p c t ni dy Y0/Y0 , Y0/ , Y/Y0:
+ Y0/Y0: dng th t khng tn ti trong dy qun s cp v th
cp nn mch in thay th khng khc g thnh phn th t thun.
+ Y0/: Th cp ca mch thay th b ni tt v dng th t khng
khng chy ra mch ngoi.
+ Y/Y0: Pha ni Y khng c dy trung tnh nn it0 = 0, pha
c xem nh h mch.

Next

Chng 4

Back

my bin p
3&I a 0
o
&I a 0
a
&I b 0
b
&I c 0
c

3&I A 0
I&

A0

&I
B0

&I
C0

&I A 0
Zm0

A
B
C

&I a 0

&I m 0

&
U
a0

&
U
A0

Zn
&
U
A0

&I = &I
A0
a0

Back

3&I a 0

&I b 0

A0

&I
B0

&I c 0

&I
C0

Z1

Z2

Z1
&
U
A0

&I a 0

3&I A 0
&I

A
b
c

B
C

Z2

&I a 0

&I A 0
Zm0

&I m 0

&I
A0

I& a 0

&I
B0

&I b 0

&I
C0

&I c 0

Z1
&
U
a0

&
U
A0

&I A 0
Zm

o
a
b
c

Z2

&I a 0

&I m 0 U& a 0

Zn
&
U
a0

&
U
A0

&I A 0

Chng 4

Zm0+Z2

&I a 0

&
U
a0

Next

my bin p
4.2: hin tng mt i xng cc in p pha
khi ti khng i xng
1. Khi c dng in th t khng:
a) Ni Y/Y0:
Khi ti khng i xng:
&I + &I + I& = 0
&I + &I + &I = &I
A
B
C
a
b
c
d
Ring dng th t khng pha th cp khng cn bng:
&
&I a 0 = I& b 0 = &I c 0 = I d
s sinh ra t0 v E& m 0 tng i ln.
3

U& A = E& A
U& B = E& B
U& C = E& C

E& m 0 + &I A Z 1
E& m 0 + I& B Z 1
E& m 0 + &I C Z 1

&I A + &I B + I& C = 0

&E A + E& B + E& C = 0
&A + U
&B +U
& C = 3E& m 0 = 3&I m 0 Z m 0
U
Back

Next

Phn II

my bin p
V dy qun s cp ni Y nn ta c:
& AB = U
&A U
&B
U
& BC = U
&B U
&C
U
& CA = U
&C U
&A
U

& = 1 (U
&
&
&
&'
&
U
A
AB U CA ) + I m 0 .Z m 0 = U A + I a 0 .Z m 0
3
& = 1 (U
&
&
&
&'
&
U
B
BC U AB ) + I m 0 .Z m 0 = U B + I b 0 .Z m 0
3
& = 1 (U
&
&
&
&'
&
U
C
CA U BC ) + I m 0 .Z m 0 = U C + I c 0 .Z m 0
3

- Do c thnh phn th t khng lm im trung tnh

ca in p s cp b lch i 1 khong bng &I a 0 .Z m 0
- Tng t im trung tnh ca in p th cp
cng b lch i 1 khong &I a 0 .Z t 0 ln hn &I a 0 .Z m 0
- S x dch im trung tnh lm cho in
p pha khng i xng gy bt li cho ti
lm vic vi in p pha ngi ta quy
nh dng trong dy trung tnh: Id < 0,25Im
Back

Chng 4

A
&' U
&
&
U
A
A I a 0 Z m0
&'
&'
U
U
C
B
& U
&
U
C

Next

my bin p
b) Ni Y0/Y0, Y0/:
V dng in th t khng tn ti c s cp v th cp v cn
bng nhau: &I A 0 = &I a 0 ;...
nn khng sinh ra t thng th t
&
khng t0 v sc in ng E t 0 im trung tnh s b lch 1
1
khong &I a 0 .Z n &I d .Z n . S x dch ny khng ng k v Zn nh
3
2. Khi khng c dng th t khng:Y/Y, Y/, /Y, /:
Ch : Khi ti khng cn bng, in p U cc pha khng bng
nhau nhng v Zn nh nn s khng cn bng gia in p pha v
in p dy khng nghim trng.
Thc t: Nu ti khng i xng vi mc th t thun v ngc
khc nhau < 5% in p c coi nh i xng.

Back

Chng 4

Next

my bin p

Chng 5: Qu trnh qu
trong my bin p
5.1: Qu dng in trong my bin p
5.2: Qu in p trong my bin p

Back

Phn II

Next

my bin p
5.1: Qu dng in trong my bin p
1. ng my bin p vo li khi khng ti:
dtrong qu trnh qu khi ng
Khi khng ti I0 = (5 10)Im nhng
(5.1) : gc pha
U sin(t + ) = i r + W1
my bin1mp khng ti vo0 1li dng
nhiu
Xtu khi
dt I0 tng gpu
ca ln.
in p
1
ng my bin p vo ngun hnh sin ta c:
W1
n gin ta gi thit t l vi i0: i0 =
L1
r
d
U
1m sin(t + ) = 1 +
(5.2)
L1
dt
W1
Trong qu trnh qu ca , nghim ca phng trnh (2) l:
= ' + "vi: = msin(t + - ) = - mcos(t + ) l thnh

r1
t
L1

l thnh phn t do.

phn xc lp; = C. e
Hng s tch phn C xc nh theo iu kin u: khi t = 0 li thp
c t d ( d): = - mcos + C= d C = m(cos d).
L 1 U 1m
Vi: m =
2
W1 r12 + (L1 )
Next
Back

my bin p
Ta c: = - mcos(t + ) + (mcos d) e

r1
t
L1

(5.3)

- iu kin thun li nht ng my bin p khng ti vo li l lc

= (in p c tr s cc i) v d = 0.
2

Khi : = - mcos(t + 2 ) = msint ngha l khng xy ra

qu trnh qu m trng thi xc lp c thnh lp ngay.

- Bt li nht l khi ng mch lc = 0

(in p bng 0) v d = + d : r1 t
max
= - mcost + (m + d) e L1
(5.4)
"
= '
+
"
d
t
- T thng s t cc i thi gian na
-m
'
chu k sau khi ng mch (t )
V r1 << L1 nn

r1
t
L1

= e

r1
.
L1

1.

Thay vo (5.4): max = 2m + d 2m mch t rt bo ho.

Back

Chng 5

Next

my bin p
2. Khi ngn mch t nhin:
Xt qu trnh qu t khi bt u xy ra ngn mch n khi
thnh lp ch ngn mch xc lp:
in r
xn
n
(5.5) u1
U1msin(t + n) = inrn + Ln di n
dt
Vi n l gc pha lc xy ra ngn mch.
- Gii phng trnh vi iu kin u: t = 0; in = 0 ta c: rn t
'
''
L
in = i n + i n = - 2 Incos(t + n) + 2 Incosn e n (5.6)
'
U 1m
i n : l thnh phn dng ngn mch xc lp. I =
n
2
2 . rn2 + (L n )
i 'n' : l thnh phn dng ngn mch t do.
- Ngn mch bt li nht khi n = 0 vi rn << Ln ta c:
r
n t
Ln
e

in = - 2 Incost + 2 In

Dng ny t tr s ln nht (hoc tr s xung) sau thi gian t =

.rn
xn

ixung = 2 In(1 + e
) = 2 Inkxg
Dung lng my bin p cng ln th kxg cng ln: kxg = 1,2 1,8.

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my bin p
5.2. Qu in p trong my bin p
Khi lm vic trong li in my bin p thng chu nhng in
p xung kch c tr s ln gp nhiu ln tr s nh mc.
Nguyn nhn: do thao tc ng ct cc ng dy, cc my in
hoc do ngn mch chm t km theo h quang hoc do st nh
trn ng dy v sng st truyn n my bin p.
Qu in p do st nh trn ng dy cn gi l qu in p do
kh quyn c tc dng nguy him vi my bin p hn c v tr s
rt ln n hng triu vn
bo v cc thit b ngi ta t nhng b chng st trt in
tch ca sng in p xung kch xung t, sau cc thit b
trong trm my bin p ch cn chu tc dng ca in p c tr s
bng (4 5)Ul.
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Chng 5

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my bin p

Do qu in p, cch in ca dy qun my bin p c th b

xuyn thng. V vy u v cui cc cun dy c tng cng
cch in bng cch qun thm nhiu lp giy cch in. im
trung tnh ca dy qun ca my bin p c U > 35kV cng thng
c ni t.
gim hoc trit tiu qu trnh dao ng in t xy ra khi qu
in p ngi ta ch to nhng in dung mn chn Cmc c dng l
nhng vnh hoc vng kim loi, khuyt 1 on ( trnh tr thnh
vng ngn mch) ni vi dy qun v c bc cch in. Vnh in
dung c t gia cun dy u tin v gng t, cn cc vng
in dung th m ly cc cun dy u tin.

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Chng 5

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my bin p

Chng 6: My bin p c bit

6.1: My bin p ba dy qun
6.2: My bin p t ngu
6.3: My bin p hn
6.4: My bin p o lng
6.5: My bin p chnh lu
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Phn II

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my bin p

6.1: My bin p ba dy qun

1. Cu to:
Gm 1 dy qun s cp v 2 dy qun th
3 1 2
cp. Dng cung cp in cho cc li
in c in p khc nhau, ng vi cc t
s bin i: W
U
W
U
K 12 =

W2

U2

K 13 =

W3

U3

Cc t ni dy tiu chun: Y0/Y0/-12-11 v Y0//-11-11

2. Phng trnh c bn, mch in thay th v th vc t ca my
bin p 3 dy qun:
1
&I 1 + &I '2 + &I '3 = &I 0 0
& 1 &I 1 Z 1 = U
& '2 + &I '2 Z '2 = U
& '3 + &I '3 Z '3
U

Trong : Z1 = r1 + j

x1; Z '2

r2'

j x '2,

Z '3

= r3' + j x '3

3
2

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Chng 6

my bin p
Mch in thay th v th vc t:
Z'3

I& '3

Z1

&1
U

&I1r1

Z'2

&I 1
&I '2

&1
U

'

&'
U
2

3
2

Back

~ 1

j &I '2 x '2

I& '2 r2'

& '3 U
& '2
U

&'
U
3

'

&
I& '3 r3' j I 3 x 3

Cc tham s ca mch in thay th ca

my bin p 3 dy qun c xc nh t 3
th nghim ngn mch theo hnh v:

~ 1

j &I 1x 1

&I '2

&I 1

&I '3

2 ~

2
Chng 6

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my bin p
Z'3

Z'3

Z'3

Z1

Z1

Z1
Z'2

Z'2

Z'2
~

Z n12 = Z 1 + Z '2

Z n13 = Z 1 + Z '3

Z n 23 = Z '2 + Z '3

(
= (r
= (r

) (
+ r ) + j (x
+ r ) + j (x

T s ta c:
Z n12 = Z1 + Z '2 = rn12 + j x n12 = r1 + r2' + j x1 + x '2
Z n13 = Z1 + Z '3 = rn13 + j x n13

'
3

+ x '3

)
)
)

'
'
'
'
Z n 23 = Z '2 + Z '3 = rn 23 + j x n 23
2
3
2 + x3
T ta suy ra:
Tng t:
x + x n13 x n 23
rn12 + rn13 rn 23
x 1 = n12
r1 =
2
2
x n12 + x n 23 x n13
'
rn12 + rn 23 rn13
'
x2 =
r2 =
2
2
x n13 + x n 23 x n12
'
x3 =
r +r r
r3' = n13 n 23 n12
2
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2

my bin p
3. thay i in p ca my bin p 3 dy qun:
Cc thay i in p cc ti &I '2 v &I '3 vi h s cng sut
'
U 1dm U '3
cos2 nh sau: U = U 1dm U 2

U
=
13
12
U 1dm
U 1dm
U12 = unr12* cos2 + unx12* sin2 + unr(3)* cos3 + unx(3)* sin3
'
x I'
Trong : u nr12 = rn12 I 2
u nx12 = n12 2
U 1dm
U 1dm
r1 I '3
x 1 I '3
u nr (3) =
u
=
nx ( 3 )
U 1dm
U 1dm
Tng t:
U13 = unr13* cos3 + unx13* sin3 + unr (2)* cos2 + unx(2)* sin2
x n13 I '3
rn13 I '3
Trong :
u nx13 =
u nr13 =
U 1dm
U 1dm
'
rI
x I'
u nr ( 2 ) = 1 2
u nx ( 2 ) = 1 2
U 1dm
U 1dm
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my bin p

6.2: My bin p t ngu

I& 2

Xt my bin p t ngu 1 pha:

T s bin i ca MBA
W .e
W
KT = 1 1 = 1
W2 .e1 W2

&I1

(6.1)

W2

&I
1
U1

U2

W1

- Nu b qua cc tn hao U1 W1 &I P

& .&I U
& .&I
(6.2)
U
1 1
2 2
- Dng in chy trong phn dy qun chung: &I p = &I 2
&I

1
I& p = I& 2 . 1 1 = I& 2 . 1
&
I2
KT

&I 2

&I P
W2 U2
&I1

(6.3)

(6.3)

Cng 1 mt dng in theo thit k my bin p th trong my

bin p t ngu c th dng dy dn nh hn so vi my bin p

thng v tng ng tn hao ngn mch gim 1 1 ln:

PnT = PnTP 1 1

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KT

KT
Chng 6

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my bin p

6.3: My bin p hn
in p khng ti gy chy h quang: U0 = 60 80V v in
p ti nh mc = 30V.
CK

u1

Ta c in p ri trn cun khng: UCK = I.xCK.

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Chng 6

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my bin p

6.4: My bin p o lng

1. My bin in p:
- Dng bin i in p cao xung in p thp o lng bng
cc dng c o thng thng.
u1
in p th cp U2 nh mc c quy
nh l 100V.
- Cch mc: Cun dy s cp mc
A
X
song song vi in p ln cn o. Cun
a
th cp ni vi vn mt, cc mch in
x
p ca cc dng c khc nh cun dy
V
in p ca ot mt
u
2

- Nh vy c th coi my bin in p lun lun lm vic ch

khng ti. Do : U1 = W1 U1 = U2.k
U2 W2
Khng cho php ngn mch th cp my bin in p.
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Chng 6

my bin p

Cc loi bin dng, bin th o lng

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my bin p
2. My bin dng in:
- Dng cung cp cho cun dy ca
(A), r le v cun dng ca cng t...
- Cch mc: My bin dng c cun s cp A i1
X
ni tip vi mch cn o dng. Do c
a
x
im ca ti (cun dy ca cc ng h o
i
2
c in tr rt nh) nn my bin dng
A
xem nh lm vic trng thi ngn mch.
- Do li thp khng bo ho v dng t ho I0 0 nn cc sai s
i% =

Back

I2 .

W2
I1
W1
100% nh v sai s v gc lch pha i cng nh.
I1

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Chng 6

my bin p

6.5: My bin p chnh lu

a'

c im: ti ca cc
pha khng ng thi m
A
lun phin nhau theo s
c'
b'
lm vic ca cc dng
XY
cc ca cc b chnh lu
Z
K
thu ngn hoc bn dn C
B
b"
c"
t mch th cp ca
my bin p. Nh vy
my bin p lun lm
vic trng thi khng
a"
+
i xng.
Chn s ni dy sao cho m bo iu kin t ho bnh thng
ca cc tr li thp v gim nh c s p mch ca in p v
dng chnh lu.
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Chng 6

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my bin p
Mun vy phi tng s pha bn th cp (thng chn bng 6)
v th cp t thm cun cm K gia 2 im trung tnh ca 3
pha thun a', b', c' v 3 pha ngc a", b", c".
Tc dng ca K l cn bng in p gia 2 pha c gc lch 600
lm vic song song (a' v c"). Khi 2 dy th cp lm vic song
song b chnh lu 6 pha lm vic tng t b chnh lu 3 pha v
mi dng cc lm vic khng phi trong 1/6 m l 1/3 chu k.

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Chng 6

my in mt chiu
Cp
tia la
1
1
1
4

1
1
2

c im

Tnh trng chi v vnh gp

Khng c tia la
m la yu 1 phn chi than

Khng c vt trn vnh gp v

mui than trn cc chi

Tia la yu phn ln chi than

C vt trn vnh gp nhng c

th lm sch bng xng du. C
mui than trn chi

Tia la ton b chi than, ch cho php C vt trn vnh gp khng th

vi ti xung hoc qu ti ngn hn
lm sch bng xng du. C
mui than trn chi

Tia la vung ra ton b chi than. Ch Vt m trn vnh gp khng

cho php lc m my trc tip khng th lm sch bng xng du,
bin tr vi iu kin sau vnh gp v chy hoc hng chi in
chi than vn trng thi bnh thng c
th tip tc lm vic c
Chng 5

(*)

my in mt chiu
Gi s phin i chiu dch chuyn vi tc
l vG th sau 1 thi gian t ta c:
Stx2 = t.vG.lG
S = Tc.vG.lG

Stx1

t
Stx2 =
.S
Tdc

Stx2

(ti Tc th Stx2 = S )

Stx1 = (Tc - t).vG.lG

Back

=> Stx1 =

Tdc t
Tdc

.S (*)

Next

Chng 5

my in mt chiu
i
+i

i2
t

0
t

Stx1

i1
1

-i

Stx2
S

Tc

Gi J1 l mt dng in b mt tip xc i ra v J2 l
mt dng in b mt tip xc i vo th ta c:
J1 =

J2 =

Back

T
T
i1
i1
= dc .
= dc .tg 1
S tx 1
S (T dc t )
S

T
T
i2
i
= dc . 2 = dc .tg 2
S tx 2
S
t
S
V 1 = 2 nn J1 = J2 (*)

Chng 5

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