(, , 1929 .

)

140- :
. :



1875. 2-

, ,
,

,
:
. ,
,
:
. 200
: 1943- 4-:

, - , 1920-

 : ,

,

. , :
, , , , (1934 .,
),

(1935 .) (1937 ) , (1935-1939 .)

,

:
,
-

),

, . ,
:

, . : -
,
,
(, , , (
() ))
:
2015 . 2- , , , ,
,
,

 ,
140-:
140
( -

, ), (, 1975)
, .
( ) .
( . ):

,

 : (
. 24, 0019) .
,


:

If- ~

{ J~

"Vi

~~

"Y"

(JI I I \ 1\ i \ JI I!J,l"'llllllottlll~l:lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
'

'.

MH}KEHEPrEOnOr

0. KAPAnETHH

rEOnOriii4ECKOE OniiiCAHIIIE
AXAnKAnAKCKOrO YE3,JJ.A
Marepaanbl K npoeKTY TonapasautKDH rupoctaHUHH,
HaMeqeHHOH finH3 teneHHft XePTBHtH, AXaJKanaKtKOfO
Ye3la. B [[P fPY3HH

~ npHno~eHHeM reonorH4ecKo~

Kaprw)
.$.

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

T II Ill

n KC

CKnaA B3AaHHH- , HapOAHDE XoaH&TBD 3aRmasbH"

ynHLJ,a

KeLJ,XOBe JJH,

X2

5,

1 g z9

Tene<j>oH

8-70

0r nA8nEHHE.

Crp.

npeUHCnOBHe

1.
11.
Ill.
IV.

V.
VI.
VII.
VI Ii.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XI I I.

. . . . . . .. . .
reorpa~HYeCKOe nonomeHHe Rx anKanaKcKoro ye3na
Cl:>H 3H KOreor pa~wleCKHe rpaHHI..\bl.
Tonorpa~Hil . . . . . .
Oporpa~Hil. . . . . . .
OcanoYHble o6pa30l3aHHil
TeKTOHHKa . . . . . . .
BynKaHH3M Hero BnHilHHe Ha o6pa 30BaHHe nerporpa~H 'JeCKH X
npOBHHI..\HH . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
noYBa . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
06wa11 csonKa reonorHYeCKoro crpoeHMil RxanKanaKcKoro
ye3na. . . .
Cei:icMH'leCKHe SJBneHHSJ . .
none3Hble HCKonaeMble '. .
CrpoHTenb Hbl e MarepHanbi
rHnporpa<jmll f\xam<anaJ<CKoro ye3na

v
2
4
9

11
13
23

24
26

28
31
33

A. r}.]cpa:
03epo TonapasaH
TyMaH-ren
Manarana .
5yrnaweH .
OpnoBKa H XaHYanbi
Ba 4HaH
"
3pec . .
Ta6HI..\Xyp H.
Xo3anHH

PeJ<a TonapasaH .
Kbipx-5ynax
nHTbeBble HCT04HHI<H
Pe t<a '-lo6aper. . . . .
Mei..\-Amyp . . .
MHHepanbHbie HCT04HHKH

-~

36
39
40
45
. 46-47
48
49
51
53

54
56
57
60
60
61

DPEAHCn08HE.
nosbJWaiO~Hi1cSI 113 rona B ron cnpoc Ha rHnpo-:meKTpH-

' IeCKYIO :mepr1110 B 3aKaBKa3bl1 Bbi3Ban He06XOnl1MOCTb COopy>t<eHHSI HOBOrO, 6onee MO~HOrO 11CTOYHHI<a rHnp03Hepr1111 nnSI
peryn11posaHHS1 11 YBSI31<11 pa6oT KpynHbJX rHnpocTaH'-11111, yme
11y~eHHbJX s xon, 1<a1< 3f\r3C, 11 cTpoSI~HxcSI, 1<a1< PVIOHr3C
1-1 .JJ.30PP.r3c.
)J.nSI 3TOH 1..1en11 nO CBOHM eCTeCTBeHHblM ycnOBHSIM Hal1nonxonSI~HM pai1oHOM SIBnSieTcSI 6accei1H pe1<11 TonapaBa H B f\xanKanaKCI<OM ye3ne.

6onee

3CI<I13HblH npoei<T HCnOnb30BaHHSI 3Hepr11ei1 3TOH pe1<11

BbinBHHYT HH>KeHepaMH B. f\. 4HYHHan3e 11 6. M . Mf.1Kenan3e.

B ocHosy coopymeHHSI 3Toi1 CTaHI..IHH nonomeHo Hcnonbosa HHe CHC'TeMbJ o3ep BbJCOKoropHoro f\xanKanaKCKoro nnaTo:
To napaBaH, TyMaHren, ManaTana , 5yrnaweH, XaHYanbi, 3pec
1-1 up. 3TH 03epa 11 CBSI3aHHaSI C HHMI1 CHCTeMa
pei<H TonapaBaH naiOT B03MO>KHOCTb co6paTb orpOMHbiH 3anac BOnbl, I<OTOpblH MO>KeT 6biTb 11CnOnb30BaH B ManOBOnHble Ce30Hbl, Kal< 3a-

naCHblH CHnOBOH <fJoHn MSI Hymn npoeKTHpyeMOH rHnpOCTaHLl,l-1 ~1. CBSI3bJBaSI 1..1enyJO ceTb 3THX o3ep c CHCTeMoi1 pe1<11 Tonapasa H nyTeM COOpy<eHHSI BbiCOKOnOnnopHblX niiOJ~ H 11 HCnOnbYSI seCbMa 6onbwoe naneHHe pe1<11 TonapasaH, MO>KHO nony'lvtTb Hanop 6onee 500 MTp. BbiCOTbi B y~enbH pe1<11 Kypbi,
6nvt3 cen . XepTBHC 11n11 KyMypno, B 3aBHCHMOCTH oT BbJ6opa
napH aHTa.
no OnHOMY BapHaHTY npOei<T11pyeTCSI BblCTpOHTb nnOTI1
tly, BbJCOTOJO B 50 MTp. , B y~enbH peKH TonapasaH, HH>Ke cen .
.O.vtn HCI<a. np11 Bbi6ope nora sapHaHTa BOllbl _peKH Kopx cne1\HanbHblM KaHanoM nepe6paCbiBaiOTCSI no nnaTo B peKy Tonapa saH BbiWe yYaCTI<a npOeKT11pyeMOH nnOTHHbl, np11 YeM peKa
Kopx

npensapHTenbHO

3anpymHsaeTCSI

OKano

cen.

3aK.

Vl3

masHoro ronoBHoro coopy>HeHYl51 Ha p. TonapasaH sona nepH--sau,HOHHbiM

KaHanoM

Hanpasn51eTC51

1<

cen.

Ksapwa, OTKyna,

HanopHbiMI-1 Tpy6aMH-B y~enbe p. Kypbi, Ha Typ6HHbi rHllpo- CTaHU,I-111, MO~HOCTbiO 6onee, 4eM B 104.000 now . CHn.
no nsyM npyrHM BapHaHTaM~B
f\xam<anaKI-1, 6n1-13 cen. XopeHI-151,
coToi1 oKono

BepCTaX I< tOry OT rop ..

yCTpaHsaeTC51

nnoTHHa , Bbi -

30

MTp ., 1-1 peKa TonapasaH, cneu,HanbHO npo6H TbiM TOHHeneM, nnHHOIO B 1/ 2 KnM., HanpaBn51eTCSI B pycno pe1<11Kbipx-6ynaX, rne, s cso10 04epenb, B03BonHTCSI npyraSI HeBbiCO -

KaSI nnoTHHa. Ta1<1-1M o6pa3oM,

sona

nsyx pel< no KaHany Ha-

npasn51eTCSI 4epe3 cen. Ba4HaH 1< cen. KyMypno, B y~enbl-1 Ko -

Toporo 11 HaMe4aeTC51 noCTpoi1Ka rHnpocTaHU,I-11-1 c HanopoM
OI<OnO 460 MTp. BbiCOTbl 1-1 MO~HOCTbiO 6onee, 4eM 75.00L) now.
c1-1n .-no onHOMY sapHaHTy,

no npyroMy-sona

Hanpasn51eTCSI-

K cen. Ksapwa, a rHllpOcTaHqHSI HaMeLJaeTC51 y cen. XepTBHC

11MeeT MOlll,HOCTb B 90.000 nOW. CHn.
npl-1 BCeX 3TJ.1X BapHaHTaX BCSI

CI-1CTeMa

11:

BbiWeHa3BaHHbiX

o3ep 6yneT Hcnonb30BaHa nyTeM coopy>HeHI-151 HeswcoKHX nno TI1H y yCTbSI

BbiXOn51~1-1X

1-13 HJ.1X pe4el<.

HacT051~aSI pa6oTa HOCHT HCKniO'-IHTenbHO onHcaTenbHbiH

xapaKTep 1-1 HMeeT csoei1 u,enbtO 03HaKOMI-1Tb 4HTaTen51 c o6~HMH

reonorH'-IeCK~MI-1 ycnoBHSIMI-1 f\xanKanaKcKoro (1-1n1-1, 1<a1< ero Ha3bi-
satOT, .lJ,H<asaxeTcKoro) ye3na, c KOTOpbiMI1 CB513aHbi see r1-1npo-
reonorH4eCKHe ycnoBI-151 npoeKTHpyeMoi1 TonapasaHCKoi1 rHnpo 3neKTp114ecKoi1

CTaHU,HI-1.

B s1-1ny

Hbie f\xam<anai<CI<He o3epa

CB513aHbl n04TJ.1 CO BCeMI-1

1-1

scSI

4aCT51MI1

Toro, 4TO see BbiWeHa3BaH-

CHCTeMa

pe1<11

TonapasaH

f\xanl<anai<CI<OrO

ye3na,-

np11 reonom4eCI<OM onHCaHI-111 6accei1Ha p. TonapasaH 1-1 3TI-1X

o3ep cpa1<TH4eCI<I-1 np11neTCSI naTb on11caH1-1e scero f\xanKanaJ<-
c1<oro ye3na s u,enoM .
.IJ,o HaCT051~ero speMeHI-1,

1<

co>HaneHI-110, Mbi

pacnona-

raeM BeCbMa He3Ha41-1TenbHblM I<ODI14eCTBOM nHTepaTypHbiX Ma Tep11anOB no sonpocy o reonor114ec1<0M CTpoeHI-111

f\xanKanal<-

cKoro ye3na.
H3 KanHTanbHWX pa6oT nepsoe no speMeHI1 11 sa>HHOCT~
MeCTO 3aHI1MaeT 113BeCTHbiH
KaBI<a3a al<aneMI11<a f\6Hxa.

VI

Tpyn HeyTOMI1MOfO 11CCnenoBaTensr,

I pyn 3TOT nepeaeneH 6 . KoneHKO Ha pyeeKHi1 Sl3biK 11

11111.1 11 o 1902 r. KaaK. 0Tn. teorp. 0-aa a Tvt<j:>nvtee* ).
Cneny10w.ee no apeMeHH reonorHYeeKoe onHeaHHe lhan l<dil ll t<e i<Oro ye3na-,MaTepHanbl no f\xanJ<anaKeKoMy 3eMnet p ;~ c e t t M to 19 neKa6pS1 1899 rona " npo<j:>. MywKeToBa, H3naHII O . reon orH4eeKHM KoMHTeTOM (Tpynbl
reonKOMa, Bbln. I) B
IIJO r. T pyn 3TOT noeB>~W.eH HeKni04HTenbHO 3eMneTpS!eeHHIO
I W Sl r. 11 He paenpoCTpaHSieTCSI Ha reonorH4eCKOe onHeaHHe
ll xu JII<anaKeKoro ye3na.
Ha TY H<e TeMy HMeeTeSI He6onbwoe coo6w.eHHe r eonora
I IL:Ge pa B ,1-baeeTHSIX KaBK. Om. reorp . 06w.." (T. XIII, 1900 r .) .
lic6 0Jlb WHe naHHble 0 reonorH4eeKOM CTpOeHHH HeKOTOpblX
y t uCTI<O B f\xanKanaKCKoro ye3na , npHMeHHTe!lbHO K npoaene" 1110 H<eJle3HOllOpOH<HOi1 JlHHHH nO 3THM yyaeTKaM , HMeiOTeSI B
MaTe p vtanax nnSI reonomH KasKa3a (eepHS! Ill, KH . X).
B , 0T4eTe o KOMaHnvtpoaKe nnSI H3y4ei-IHSI peKH Kypbl H
o:~ ep T H<j:>nHeCKoi1 ry6epHHH H KapceKoi1 o6nae-ivt" <P. <P. Ka~
P ~ o< oro npHBOllSITeSI TOJlbKO HeKoTopble naHHbJe o6 o3epax
llxam<anaKeKoro ye3na.
6 onee neTanbHble naHHble no Tonorpa<j:>HH f\xanKanaK u wro ye3na Mbl HaxonHM a Tpyne: , Tonorpa<j:>H4eeKHi1 o63op
I HcjJn HCCKoi1 ry6. H 3aKaTanbeKoro 0Kpyra" <Pvtnvtnnoaa, H3naH II OM B 1897 r.
B ee HMeiOw.vteeSI npyrvte KpaTKHe caeneHHSI , pa36poeaH' ''I e B pa3HbiX Tpynax, L\HTHpOBaHbl , rnaBHbiM 06pa30M, nO
J I 11M p a60TaM, a n03TOMY OHH He HMeiOT HHKaKOrO 3Ha4eHHSI.
reono r H4eeKOe 06enenOBaHHe
f\xanKanaKeKOr O ye3na
11pOH3BeneHO aBTOpOM 3TOrO Tpyna 3a nepvton BpeMeHH HIOJlbOI<Ht6pb 1927 r., no nopy4eHHIO roeynaeTBeHHoro 3neKTpol exHH4 eeKor o TpeeTa.
Pa6 oT a eocTOSina, rnaBHbiM o6pa30M, B o6enenoeaHHH
1eon o r HYeeKoro CTpoeHHSI 6aeeei1Ha pe!<H TonapaeaH H, B eBSI:m e HHM, r vtnpo-reonorw.JeeKHX yenoe11i1 MeeT rHnpo -TeXHH4eI<MX eoopyH<eHHH pa3HblX BapHaHTOB npoeKTHpyeMO~ rHnpoCTa HL\1111 , a TaKH<e B H3y4eHHH CTpOHTeJlbHblX MaTepHaJlOB.
*)

r. R 6 H x -

re o n o r HS!

RpM S!H CKOfO

Ha r opb51.

8 0 CTO'lH851

'l 8 CTb.

VII

np11 3TI1X pa6oTaX 6b1Jl co6paH 3Ha411TeJ1bHbiH MaTep11aJ1,

Ha OCHOBaHI111 KOTOporo 11 ClleJlaHbl

BbiBOllbl 0

reOJ10fl14eCKOM

cTpoeHI111 f\xanKanaKCKoro ye3na, B 4aCTHOCTI1 o

rl14eCI<I1X ycnosi1SIX

8cex coopymeHI1H

r11npo-reono-

npoeKmpyeMOH

mnpo-

CTaHUI111.

,l].nSI 6onee

SICHoro 11 HarnSillHOro npencTasneHI1SI o reono-

rH4eCKOM CTpOeHI111 f\xanKaJlaKCKOfO ye3lla 8 KOHUe 3TOfO Tpyna

np11!10}f{eHa

WTa6e.

V II !

reOJ10fl14eCKaSI

Ka pTa

8 nSITI1BepCTHOM

MaC-

reonorH~eCKoe

onHCDHHe AxnnKanaKcKoro ve3Jln.

1. reorpamH~e[Koe nonoJKeuae.
ll xa m<anai<CKI1i1 ye3n pacnonomeH B CCP rpy31111, B npene1. 1
II

tli.IBWe i1 T11cpn11CCKOi1 ry6epH1111, Memny

11 ''/l' 11 41 041 ' C. W.

I 1()0

F3 hJCOTa
Me Tp.

nosepxHoCTI1

ero

Kone6neTC51

l3ec b ye3n 3aH11MaeT nnow,anb B

J' I.JX

' I

JJ

'l ol(
I

"

0 1<0!10
MeTp.

700

KB.

H/ yp.

I<JlM.

nemaT

MOp51 , 11

6050'

2.635

11

61 03T s. n.

1.028

Memny

KB. KnM., 113 KOTO-

Ha BbiCOTe Memny

npenCTaBn51eT

11

1.676

11

113 ce651 cesepHyiO

I h 06JlaCTI1, 113BeCTHOi1 B Jli1TepaType non 11MeHeM f\ p M Sl Ho r o H a r o p b 51 1).

II. $H3HKo-reorpamHmKHe rpaHHUbl yeua.

F\JJM11H11CTpaTI1BHbie rpaHI1U.bi f\xanKanaKCKoro ye3na onpeII I' JICHbJ

,.,

eCTeCTBeHHblM11

CpenH5151 4aCTb
11poe r 1-1 pa10w,ei1c51
1

cp11311l<O-reorpacp114eCI<I1M11 rpaHI1U,aMH

.
c

ye3na
10ra

3aH51Ta
Ha

BbJCOKoropHoi1

paBHI1HOH,

cesep. 3To nnOCf<Oropbe c Tpex

1o po H oKai1MneHo ropHbiMI1 u.en51MI1, 51BJ15110W,11MI1C51 ecTeCTBeH-

III.JMI-1 rpaH11U.aMI1 ye3na. IOmHa51 ni1HI151 norpaHWIHbiX 4annbip< 1\ IJ X

rop COCTOI1T 113 sepw11H: 0!<103-nara, OpTyn-nara, Y"l-Ta-

JJ,l n~pa ,

II I.ICO I<Oi1

VfHaK-Tana 11 reK-nara, pacnOJlO}!{eH~.I;II.X I< 3anany OT

sepw11Hbl

nernl1-nar.

K cesepy

OT

:noi1 Bepw11Hbl

11J lO CT Hpa eTC51 BOCT04Ha51 sonopa3nenbHa51 ni1HH51 ropHoi:i u.en11,

110 11 Jl a3B aHHeM Mo!<pbiX rop.
C cesepHoi1

CTOpOHbi

f\xanKanaKCKI1i1

ye3n 3aMbiKaeTC51

I l.1 1x 1~c- .U<sa pcKHMH OTporaMH T pHaneTcKoro xpe6Ta H u.enbiM

J>iiJLOM BbiCOKHX synKaHH4eCKHX B03BbiWeHHOCTei1, KpyTo ony< I<U IOW,I-1XC51 KaMeHHCTblMI1 CKaTaMI1 K f\xanKanaKCKOi1 HarOpHOH
pd 111 11-1He no cen. KoKI151 11 6e<aHo.
1J f\6Hx. reon orHst f\p M51 HCKoro Haropb51. Bocro~Ha51 ~acrb .

3ananHaS! rpaHHUa HaropHOH paBHHHbi pe3l<O o603Ha'-laeTCSI Cl<aJlHCTbiM o6pbiBOM rny6o1<oro yw,eJlb$1 p. Kypbi.
f\xam<anai<CI<aS! HaropHaS! paBHHHa , 3ai<JlfO'-lafOw,aS~cS! Me<ny 4annbipC1<11M , Mo!<pbiM 11 Tp11aneTc1<11M xpe6TaMI1 11 rny6oHI1M cl<aJ111CTbiM yw,enbeM p. Kypbi, npi1Hanne<I1T 1< 6acceHHY
nocnenHeH.

Ill. T D n D f P a W H H.
f\xaJll<aJlai<CI<Oe nJlOCI<OrOpbe, BeCbMa KapTHHHO Ha3BaHHOe

K P11xTepoM ,npoxnanHbiM oCTpOBOM, 6oraTbiM B03nyxoM 11 sonolO", npencTaBnS~eT co6o10 caMOCTOS!TeJlbHOe nn~no B TaK-Ha3bJBaeMOM f\pMS!HCI<OM Haropbe. 0Ho 3aHHMaeT npocTpaHCTBO
01<0110 700 I<B. I<JlM. 11 Jle}I{I1T B CpenHeM Ha BbiCOTe He MeHee

1.676 MTP Han ypoBHeM JVIOpSI 11 11MeeT nosonbHO 3aMeTHbiH

yHnOH c 10ra Ha cesep.
Hbie nyHKTbi

Het<OTOpbie

HaceneHHbre nyHKTbl

BbrCoTa HaA
yp . MOpS!
s MeTpax

=o===========~~" -~--

Cen . T p o

6onee

~<pynHbie HaceneH-

nnoc!<oropbS! (nepexonS~ c 10ra Ha cesep) nemaT:

u, I< o e Ha
Cen . PonHoHo sr<a
,
nocT Ma)l,aTanHHCKH H "
Cen. 6ornaHOBKa
, XonH<a6eK
" XocnHII
"
, Kap3ax
" fyMypno
, KHn)l,a
" faH3a
, Tax4a
"
, 3WTHII
fop . f\xan Kana r<H
"
Cen. Kopx
, XaHno
., XH3a6aspa
.. XepTBHC
H

"

Ces. wHpOTbl

--~ =c~=~---=

2.133,6
2. 120,9
2.121
1.982
1.924
1.867
1.893,2
1.755,3
1.740,7
2.182,9
1.920,2
1.817,8
1.690,1
1.662,17
1.664,8
1.432,9
1.028,1

BocT. )l,Onr.

==-.-=-= 7 = = ==

41 009'
41 26'51"
41 0J1 '30''
41 17'25''
41 16'26"
4121'54"
41 015'14"
41 026'32"
4123'58"
41 22'23"
4123'
41 20'
4125'02''
41 027'51 ,,
41 ''29'31"
41 30'27"
41 028'32"

6128'
61030'56"
61 25'16"
61 13'46"
61 15'20"
6010'30"
6055'52"
60005'09"
61001 '23"
6127'48''
61 15'
61 1 6'
6109'09"
61 07'11 "
61 005'09"
6056'52"
6058'38"

no np11'-li1He 3HalJI1TeJlbHOrO B03BbiWeHI1$! Han MOpeM,

f\xanHanai<CI<aSI paBHHHa OTJ111'-laeTCSI BeCbMa 3nOpOBbiM, HO cy
poBbiM I<Jli1MaTOM. Oco6eHHO pe31<11e Kone6aHHS! 1<1111MaTa Ha-

'nl!u l . l t<JTCil
1.1 1W 11
'

B )J,yxo6opbY1,

lt e npvtxoTnY!BbJH

l ll ll l (l j)~

rne

HanpasneHHYI 1< cesepy

f\611X,

paBHY!Ha BbJILaeTC51 BnepeiL, Kal<

,B BYIILe o6wY1pHOH 6yXTbl C CeBepO-BOCT04-

tt a npasneHYieM";

"11 pi1 J H b ie
r

pe3KOCTb KnHMaTa CMilrYaeTCil ,

ynnHHileTcSJ.

c e sepH OH CBOeH 4aCTY1

II I .IJl d li~J I C51

II I .IM

nemY!T 3ILeCb

SIYMeHb. CHer

VI HepeiLI<O ILO nonOBY!Hbl Mall.

11 l lt' l e 1a u.VtOHHbiH nepHOIL

13

3aYaCTYIO He Bb13pesaeT name

3naK, 1<a1<

me

c 10ra

paCWY1peHY15!,

npY!MbiKaiOT 1< HeH 3anHB0-

C OILHOi:1

CTOpOHbl,

Ha IOr0-3anaiL, a

II pyro H-Ha IOrO - BOCTOI<. B Havt6onee Y3l<OH CBOeH (cesepHOH)

'loiC I I~ OH a

Y!MeeT WY!p11HY OT

10

no

15

KnM., B IOmHOH-

10 I<Jl M., HaY160nbWa51 me WY!pY!Ha-CnY!WI<OM

SQ

OI<OnO

KnM.

CaMaSJ B03BbJWeHHaSJ-BOCTOYHa51 YaCTb paBHY!Hbi , Y13BeCT-

I t <l :-~

non

Ha3BaHY!eM

< I<a T I< 3anany.

3Ta

)J,yxo60pbe,-Y!MeeT nOBOnbHO 3aMeTHbiH

YaCTb

paBHY!Hbl

HeCKOnbi<O B3BOnHOBaHa

O IJJ Or HMY! xonMaMY!. 3necb B03BbiwaeTC51 MHOro ornenbHbJX

syn-

~< a HYJ YeCKY!X nonHSJTY!H B BYJne XOnMOB 11 rop, YIHOrna nOBOnbHO

l lla4 11Te!lbHOH BbiCOTbl.
HecKOnbKO sonHI1CTYIO

nosepxHOCTb

npeiLCTaBnSJeT 11 3a-

lla iLH a51 YaCTb paBHI1Hbi, B pai1oHe cen. BaYY!aH-Cynna, rne He ii onb WY!e ~aMeHYICTbie XOnMbl pe31<0 BblllaiOTC51 Han OKpeCTHbiM
I IJIOCI<OrOpbeM.
CesepHaSJ

oKoHe4HOCTb

paBHY!Hbi

nepeceYeHa

He3HaYH-

I en bHbiMY! J<aMeHY!CTbiMYI TeppacaMI1, KOTOpbie, nocreneHHO noII vtma SJCb B cropoHy pe1<11 TonapasaH, OKaH4Y!BaiOTC51 cKanHCTbiM
o 6p b!BOM s ee
vt3 o6Hnyer

6 on bWYIHCTBO
no

Tepp11ropvtSJ

pa3HbiX

seni1YvtH.

F\xanKanaKCKoro

yme see

3areM

TonapaBaH,

ye3na

4ro ~~ caercSJ peK, ro

Y!X nporeKaer no IOmHOH Yacni

paBHHHe, a

y l.l.l,enbYI p.

yl.l.l,enhvt.

o3epaMH

nnaro, BHaYane

coenHHSJIOTCSJ BMecre B y3KOM

Koropoe

pa3nenSJeT

nonepeYHO

BCIO

F\x anKanaKCKYIO paBHI1HY Ha nse HepaBHbie 4aCTI1 .

KpoMe roro, paBHI1Ha nepeceYeHa cKanY!CTbiM 11 rny6o1<11M
y l.l.l,enbeM p. Kbipx-6ynax, KOTopoe HI1>He rop. F\xanKanaKI1
eiL HHSJeTCSJ c
B
no

y~enbeM

BOCTOYHOH

YaCTI1

paBHY!Hbi

B03BbiWaeTC51 He6onbWOH

ILni1He, HO W11p01<0 pacnpOCTpaHI1BWI1HC51 B CTOpOHbi,

CaMcapC1<11H

xpe6er,

co-

p. TonapasaH.

KOTOpbiH

CBOI1MI1

orporaMI1

11

f\6yn-

CKaTaMY!

::~a n o nHst eT

seta cesepo-socT04HYIO YaCTb f\xanKanaKCKoro nna-

TO, npespaLUa51 :ny YaCTb ye3na B BeCbMa ropHCTYIO MeCTHOCTb

C 6 onbWHMI-1 KOTnOBHHaMH 1-1 ywenb51MH, I-1306HnytOLUHMI-1 MHOrOYHCneHHbiMI-1 peYKaMH, py4bstMH 1-1 ropHbiMH o3epaMH. B :noi1
ropHCTOH o6naCTH pacnonomeHbi nsa nosonbHO 6onbWHX o3epa:
B cesepHOH YaCTH ye3na - Ta6Hu,xypcKot:o, a B BOCTOYHOH YaCTH- TonapasaHCKoe. B :noi1 me YaCTH B03BbiwaeTC51 p51n senHYeCTBeHHbiX synKaHH4eCKHX KoHycos: CaMcap, 6onbwoi1 H
ManbiH f\6yn, ronepe6H, Kep-ornbl, WaBHa6anH (.1 np ' 3anonH9. 10LUHe CBOHMI-1 OTporaMH BCIO BOCTOYHYIO YaCTb f\xanKanaKCKOrO ye3na. Becb :nor nopamatOLUHH csoei1 rpaHUH03HOCTbiO
pstn BynKaHH4eCKHX o6pa30BaHHH OOKOHTC51 Ha WHpOKHX OCHOBaHHSIX, HMeiOLUHX cpopMy 06WHpHbiX Teppac, cnyCKa!OLUHXC51 K
f\xanKanaKCKOMY nnocKoropbtO, 1-1 np1-1naer eMy csoeo6pa3HbiH
xapaKTep. Cesepo-3ananHa51 me 4aCTb HaropHoi1 paBHHHbi npencrasnsteT enema BOnHHCTYIO nnOCKOCTb, OKai1MneHHYIO WHpOKHM
1-1 rny6oKHM ywenbeM p. Kypbl .

IY. 0 P 0 r P a m H B.
B biwe, np1-1 onHCaHI1H penbecpa f\xanKanaKci<oro ye3na,
Hei< oropoe BHHMaHHe 6 bJno ynen eHo TonorpacpHH HaropHoi1 pasHHH bl. np11 OOHCaHI111 me Opo r p acpvtl1 y e3na OC0 6 eHH OrO BHI-1MaHHSI 3a cnymi1Ba!OT B0 3BbiW e HH ble r Opl-lble Xpe 6Tbl, rnaBHbiM
o 6 pa30M, oKai1MnsttOLUH e f\ xam <an a i<CJ<Hi1 ye3n u,en1-1 rop, TaK
J<al< HMeHHO B HHX 3a l<n tO YaeTCSI HCXOUHa51 TOYJ<a H3yYeHH51 H
n03HaHH51 cpH 3HYeci<oi1 npHpOUbl f\xanKanaKCKoro nnaro.
B oporpacpHH f\ xan Kan a i<cKoro ye3na secbMa samHytO
p onb HrpatOT OTnenbHbJe caMOCT051TenbHbJe ropHbie CHCTeMbl
MepHUHOHanbHOro HanpasneHI-151 , nepeceKatOLUHe nOYTH non
np51MblM yrnOM npyrHe OOUH51TI-151, HMe!OLUHe WHpOTHOe HanpaBneHHe.
norpaHHYHble, Ol<ai1Mn5110U~He f\xanKanaKCKOe nnaTO ropbl,
COCT051LUHe 1-13 nepeceKa!OLUHXC51 MepHUHOHanbHbiX 11 WHpOTHbiX
xpe6TOB, npeUCTaBn5110T Kal< B reonOrHLJeCKOM OTHOWeHHH, Tal<
1-1 B OTHOWeHI-11-1 06pa30BaHH51 OporpacpHYeCKHX cpOpM MHOrO
pa3Hoo6pa3H51 .
4

c >1>O f p acjmYecKa51 cs513b 3TI1X no.UH51TI1H npoTI1Bonono>f{HbiX

II

11'!' 111Jil' II I~H Cblrpana

11llllli'l

6onbWYIO p011b S OTHOWeHI111 o6pa3011 0 o6 pa3Horo naHnwacjna.

()pO i pacp114eCI<I1

' "!'''' .,x

Mbl

11MeeM S 3TOM

ye3.Ue .USe CI1CTeMbl

o6 pa3osaHI1H: Mep11.UI10HanbHOe, Sbipa311SweeC51 s CaMp51ne synKaHI1LJecKoi:1 u.en11 11 s napannenbHOM

, q /\t,y JI I<OM

~IY
,,,.He Mo!<pbiX rop, 11 W11pOTHOe, np051BJleHHOe s cesep1\rllf .,, , ,1-1 y e3.aa-s Tp11aneTCI<OM, a B IO>f{HOi:i-s LJannbipCI<OM
! '!"(I I ol X.

::) 11-1
11.11\

.use CI1CTeMbi non

np51MbiM yrnoM nepeKpeml1saiOTC51

!' < ~:! 11a eCTeCTSeHHbiX norpaHI14HbiX 30HaX f\xanKanai<CI<OfO

t 1/ld .

ttu\ I ~n-tttbl e CHCTe"'

" ''

"'~'P"AHO Hanb
tt b l~

rop.

JII 'J II.II biX

oporpacjmYeCI<OH

TOYHOH YaCTI1

.use Heom-1Hai<OBbJX

s ynKaHI1YeCI<I1X

T041<11

3peHI151 S SOC-

f\xanl<anai<CI<OfO ye3.aa 11MeeTCSI

no nni1He CI1CTeMbi napan-

rop, CB513aHHbiX Me>f{.Uy C060H , S Ce-

111"p 11 0f1 YaCHI 11X, noneJ)eYHbiMI1 HeSbiCOI<I1MI1 MaCC!1SaM!1.

B ocHose CTpoeHI151 o6o11x napannenei:i ne>f{HT p51n synl! oi lll14eCt<I1X U.eHTpOs,

HaCTOJlbi<O nnOTHO np11MbJI<aiOI.li,I1X npyr

Jlpyry,
'( 11 e i:1.

np051SJ151eTC51 <fJopMa 3aMI<HYTbiX ropHbiX

II

LJTO S HI1X

n e p sa 5I

n a pan

n en b H a 51

u. en b synKaHI1YeCKI1X Me-

P "' n 1-1 o Han b H bi x r o p, npenCTasn51101.ll,a51 co6oi:1 norpaHI1Y'Y 'O Jl11HI110 f\xanKanai<CI<OfO ye3na C SOCTOI<a, 113SeCTHa non
ll il:J BaHI1 eM Mot<pblX rap. B npe.aenax f\xanKanai<CI<OfO ye3na
11 CpW11Ha nern11-nar (3.201 ,6 MTp.) npenCTaSn51eT CaMbiH 10>1{ll l oll~, a Tal<>f{e CaMbiH SbiC01<11H nyHt<T 3TOM u.en11.
HaYI1Ha51 c nern11-nara, 3a HI1M 1< cese~ ' cnenyeT no sep" 11-1 Hbl f\rp11-1<a p (2.974,8 MTp.), Ha npOT51>f{eHI111 20 1<11noM., p51n
IIYJII<a HHYeCKI1X HoHycos, I-1Me!OI.li,I1X SbiCOTbJ : ,JJ,anHnar-2.861,8
MTp., KaYan-Tana-2.518,5 MTp., 3Mnl1t<J111-3.053,1 MTp.
,JJ,anee xpe6eT nosopaYI1saeT Ha cesepo-3anan 11 coxpa1151eT 3TO HanpasneHI1e Ha npoT51>f{eHI111 25 HnM. no ,JJ,an11-nara ,
HMe51 Ha csoeM nym sepW11Hbt ,JJ,asaKpaHa (2.814 MTp.), VIHarnara 11 Ko!OH.aara (2.419,5 MTp.).
Ha seeM csoeM npoT51>f{eHI111 x pe6eT cny>f{I1T sonopa3ne JIO M Me>t<ny np11TOt<aMI1 p. XpaMa 11 pet<VI TonapasaH .

Bc51

:na

MOW,HblH,
MTp.

u.enb

cpenHei:1

B 3TOH

sym<aHV!4eCKVIX

rop npencTaBn51eT co6oi1

BblCOKHH norpaHVI4HblH Ball, V!MeiOW,VIH

BbiCOTbi.

MeCTHOCTVI

BcnencTBVIe

o6VIJibHO

nomneH 11 OC06eHHblX

OKOJIO

2.473

BbmanaiOw,Hx

CBOHCTB nO'-lBbl OHa

npespaw,aeTC51 B JII1nKyiO rp513b. no3TOMYTO 3TOT xpe6eT 11 noIIY411Jl OT pycCI<I1X Ha3BaHVIe MoKpblX rop.
npoxnanHOe JieTO, WV!pOKV!e nyrOBble npOCTpaHCTBa, 0611- '
JIVIe pOnHI1KOB 11 60J1bWOe KOJ1114eCTBO aTMOc<flepHblX ocanKOBBCe 3TO

BeCbMa

npV!rOH5110TC51

6naronp1151TCTByeT CI<OTOBOnCTBy. neTOM CIOna

MHOrO'-lVICJleHHble

CTana 113 pa3J1114HblX MeCT 3a-

I<aBI<a3b51.
rpe6eHb xpe6Ta 11 BOCTO'-lHblH
n51W,VIHC51

BHe

npeneJIOB

TOJlb!(O BepW11Hbl

ye3na,

CI<JlOH Moi<pblX rop, Haxo-

VIMeJOT

M51ri<VIe 04epTaHVI51, 11

,lJ,aBai<paHa, 3MJ1HI<J111 11 nern11-nara B Hei<O-

TOpblX MeCTax ci<aJII1CTbi 11 yce51Hbi syni<aHVI'-leCKVIMVI noponaMI1.

3ananHblH

CI<JIOH

Moi<pblX

rop,

nemaw,VIi:1 B npenenax

f\xani<anai<CI<oro ye3na, B IOmHOH 4aCTI1 CBOeH npOCTV!paiOW,VIMC51

B w11p11Hy

6onee, '-leM Ha

mV!Ba51~b H noxon51
K TonapasaHCKOMY
ero He3aMeTHO

no

15

I<JIM, I< cesepy, noCTeneHHO cy-

wHpHHbi B

o3epy. B

I<nM., nonoro

IOmHoi:1 4aCTH

cnycKaeTC51

xpe6Ta

nonowBbi

CJ1HBaJOTC51 C B03BbiWeHHblM niiOCI<OrOpbeM ,LJ,y-

X060pb51.
Ha seeM

csoeM

npOT51{eHHH

3ananHbii:1

CKnOH Moi<pbiX

rop cosepweHHO 6e3JieCeH . Byni<aHH'-leCI<He noponbl peni<o BblCTynaiOT B BepXHHX

yCTynax xpe6Ta, HO 3aTO B HHmHei:1 '-laCTI1

CI<aTa BCTpe'-laJOTC51 OTneJlbHble XOJlMbl , COCT051W,He 113 rpyn synI<aHH'-leCKHX

Ha

y'-laCTKe

nopon. 3To 51BileHHe oco6eHHO 6pocaeTC51 s rna3a

Memny

cen .

raHn3a

YacTb 3Tl1X B03BbiWeHHOCTei:1

nara,

'-lTO

B nepesone

ManaTanHHCKHM 03epoM.

H3BeCTHa . non Ha3BaHHeM K.a'-lan-

03Hat.taeT

Jlb1Ca51

copa. Ha3BaHbl OHH

Tal< BCJlenCTBHe CKOnJleHH51 06JlOMO'-lHblX nopon, noKpbiBaiOW,HX

3TH B03BbiWeHHOCTH. Tai<oi:1

me

BHn HMeeT H BbiCOKa51

ManaTana, pacnonomeHHa51 npoTHB o3epa Toro

B

cesepHOH csoei1 '-laCTH MoKpble

roM, nnHHOIO B
xpe6eT,
H

y 10
6

14-15

KJlM., ynHpaiOTC51

npencTaBJl5110WHi:1

co6o10

M e p 11 n H 0 H a Jl b H y 10

sepwHHa

HMeHH.

ropbl KOpOTKHM OTpo

B

CaMcap-f\6yncKHH

B Top y 10

U. e n b

me

nap

anne n

b-

BOCTO'-lHOH CHCTeMbl rop

f\x anKanai<ci<oro

ye3na .

Ha 3TOM npocTpaHCTBe coeni1HHTenb- .

l i aS! BeTBb 3aMbiKaeT IO}f{Hb!M CBeCOM f\xani<anaKCKHH ye3II C cellep a,

onyci<aSICb

CI<H H xpe6eT,
'Ie CKI1X

HeMy

OTnorHMH

:1pOCTHpaiOW,11HCSl

6onee 40

1111 1-1

KJlM.

u,enbiM

CKaTaMH.

CaMcap-f\6yn-

C ceaepa Ha !Of Ha npOTSl}f{e-

pSIIIOM

BeJlH'-!eCTBeHHbiX aynKaHH-

o6pa30BaHHH, noi<pbiBaeT 60JlbWYIO '-!aCTb f\xanKaJlaK-

CI<OH B03BbiWeHHOCTH 11 npHnaeT eH BeCbMa CBoeo6pa3HbiH xapa i<Tep.

OKano 2.865 MTp. Han yp. MOpS! .

CpeiiHS!Sl BbiCOTa xpe6Ta

Bbrcw11e TO'-IKH: 5onbwoi1

. 3.300

f\6yn ,

ronepe611

. 3.190

Kep-ornhr

. 2.925
. 2.807
. 2.801

Taa-KOTenl1 (TaBKBeTI1nH)

f\6yn

ManbiH

MTp.

. 3.264

CaMcap .

. . . . .

3 ananHbiH CKJlOH CaMcapc~<oro xpe6Ta B ceaepHOH caoei1

'li'ICTI-1

COCTOHT

H3

OTJlOfHX

nOKaTOCTeH. (

ynaneH11eM

I<

10ry

x p e6eT MeHSleT caoi1 xapaKTep: npope3aH B pa3HbiX Hanpaanetiii~X

r ny60KI1MH,

nni1HHb!MH

yw,eJJbSIMH 11 yCeSlH OTneJJbHblMH

1\<IMeHHCTblMH XOJJMaMH, HepenKO nepexon51W,HMI1 B ropHbie u,e1111 . 3T H u,enVJ, pa3neneHHbre Memny co6oi1 np11TOKaMH p. Meu,Jl.>~<y p, nOCTeneHHO CHI1}f{a IOTCSI K nnOCKOrOpbiO.

BocTOYHbiH

ci<nOH

CaMcap-f\6ynci<oro xpe6Ta ynVJpaeTCSI

11 f)o nee B03BbiWeHHYIO o6naCTb, '-!eM f\xani<anaKCKaSl paBHHHa.

J( h 1<11 aSl

me

OKOHe'-IHOCTb

II

llOJi b LU VIHCTBe

1<

p .l<e To napasaH.

OT

cny'-laeB

ero

XOJIMI1CTa;

nonOl!JBbl

OTpOrOB

3aKaH'-!HBaiOTCSI CKaJlHCJ blM o6pb!BOM

-~

IO }f{HOH '-!aCTH

MoKpbiX

rap, BbiWe BepWHHbl nernH -

1/il l", O"IJleJlSl eTCSI OnHH 113 HaH6onee 3HaYI1TeJlbHbl X 1<01-ITpq,opCOB

11 H ll eTCSl
lll-l e M

Ha

10ro -3anan Ha npOTSl>HeHHI1 16 KJlM . non Ha3Ba -

Manar anVJHCKHX

OT neHHHa KaHCKOrO.

rop, oTnenSIIOW,HX f\xani<anaKCKHH ye3n

0TpOrH

3THX B03BbiWeHHOCTeH, C OnHOH

CT Op OHbl , nox onSl T no IOf03ananHbiX OKOHe4HOCTeH f\6yn-(aMc a pCI<OH

u,e nH

0 KI03-na r

(2.399,4

rop , a c npyroi1 - y

TOYKH nepeceYeHHSI ropbr

M. ) OHH npY!MbiKaiOT

I<

4annbipCKOMY xpe6Ty,

o rnem11oweMy 6a ccei1Hbi p . p. Kypbr 11 f\pai<ca .

Becb paHOH CaMcapCKYIX, MoKpblX rop, ManaTanYIHCI<YIX

H 4anllblpC1<11X B03BbiWeHHOCTeH npenCTaBn5leT rpaHlli103HYI:006naCTb synKaHI14eCHI1X o6pa3oBaHI1H.
C JOmHOH cropOHbi :na rop11cra51 o6nacrb 3aMbll<aeTC51
BOCT04HOH 4aCTbiO 4anllblpC1<11X rop, Y!MeiOW,YIX W11pOTHOe HanpasneHY!e.
IOJKH3ll nHHHll not"p3HHIItlbll( rop.

MoKpble ropbl 4epe3 ManaranYIHCI<He B03~

BbiWeHHOCTYI BX0ll51T B CB5l3b C rop011 1<103-narOM

(2.443 MTp.)- BOCT04HOH OI<OHe4HOCTbiO 4anllbipCKOrO xpe6ra.
OT 01<103-nara no 3ananHoMy HanpasneHYIIO T51HeTC51 WHpoKa51 u,enb BOCT04HOH 4aCTI1 4anllbipC1<11X rop, C BblCOI<HMH
sepwHHaMH: Opryny-nar (2.447,5 MTp.), YY-Tanan5lp (2.677 MTp.),
VfHaK-Tana (2.884,6 MTp.) H feK-nar (2.603 MTp.).
CesepHbiH CKnOH :nora xpe6ra, HeCKOnbKO 6onee KpyToi1,
nenaerc51 oTnome no Mepe ynaneHI151 Ha cesep 11, HaKoHeu,,
CnHBaeTCSI C BOnHHCTblM nnOCI<OfOpbeM ,lJ,yxo6opb5l.
,
OH cocroYIT 113 enema sonHHCTbiX reppac c Herny6oKHMI1,
oTnon1MI1, YaCTO 3aMKHYTbiMI1 6anKaM11, scnencrs11e Yero sec. HOIO npH TaSIHHH CHerOB B HYIX o6pa3yiOTCSI 60nOTI1CTble npOCTpaHCTBa.
3ananHaSI YaCTb 3TOro xpe6Ta, 113BeCTHa51 non Ha3BaHHeM
feK-Tana, CeBepHblM CB011M CKnOHOM yn11paeTC51 B f\xanKanaKCKYIO paBHHHy, no ni1HI111 cen. Cynna-,IJ,11n11cp, a sepw11Ha
Y4-Tanan51p, nocTeneHHO nOHY!maSICb, Henpasl1nbHbiMI1 TeppacaMH Hl1cxoni1T 1< o3epy XaH4anbi. Becb 3TOT cKnoH npope3bisaeTCSI so MHOrHx MecTax (oT cesepa 1< 10ry) rny6oKHMI1 6anKaM11, 60nbWe10 4aCTbiO 3arpOMO}!{lleHHblMI1 nni1HHblM p51ll0M
KaMeHHblX OCblfleH.

vl3 I<OHTpcpopCOB, OTnenSIIOW,I1XC51 OT r. Y4 -Tanan5lp 11 ynHpaiOW,YIXCSI B Y3KYIO paBHI1HY npor11s o3epa XaH4anbi, cnenyeT
yKa3aTb Ha HeBbiCOKHH oTpor, KOTOpbiH or116aeT :no 03epo c cesepa 11 3anana, 3aMbiKaSI ero Herny6oKyJO KOTnOBHHY- 3ToT OTpor c KPYTbiMI1 cKani1CTbiMI1 CKaTaMH cnycKaeTC51 1< paBHHHe.
CesepHaSI 30Ha norpaHH4HbiX rop 113BecrU11XI1C ,lJ, H<Bapc~<oro xpe 6 ra ,
Ha51 non Ha3BaHI1eM
Ha411Ha5l or sepW11Hbi Kapa- KaSI (3.002,6 Mrp. ), nponeraer B 3aCeaepHall 30Ha norpaHHIIHbrll rop .

rranHO-BOCT04HOM wvtpOTHOM HanpasneHvtH snnoTb no rop. TasI(OTenvt

2.809,3 MTp., omenSJSJ Ha npOTSJ>HeHvtH

(Tasi<senmH)

25 I<nM. sepxOBbSJ p. XpaMa OT 6acceVIHa p.

Meu,-)J,>~<yp, opo-

u ra ro w,eV! cesepHyiO YaCTb f\xani<anai<ci<oro nnaTO. CpenHSJSJ BbicOTa :noro xpe6Ta

2.590,7 MTp.

lO>HHbl~i Cl<flOH ero, llOCTHfaSl B Hei<OTOpblX MeCTaX

cen.

ruHp HHbl, Me>Hny

fbapseT

5-6 l<flM.

6emaHo ynHpaeTCSJ B f\xan-

VI

~<a n ai<CI<YIO paBHHHy, nanee 1< BOCToi<y-s Ta6vtu,xypci<oe o3epo

11, Ha i<OHeu,, cnHsaeTCSJ co CI<noHaMH CaMcapci<oro xpe6Ta.

lO >H HbiH
~< py T ,

CI<nOH

UHxHc-)J,>Hsapci<oro

HO BeCb yceSJH

60JlbWY!MY!

xpe6Ta

soo6w,e He

rnbl6aMY! Byni<aHH4eCI<HX nO

J OJI. f< BOCTOI<Y OT 03epa Ta6HLJ,XypH BepWY!Ha H CI<JlOHbl xpe6Ta

IIO I<pbiT bl ,MOpeM" I<aMHeH .
(
11

' r UVI

3ananHOH CTOpOHbl xpe6eT npY!Mbii<aeT I< 4o6apeTCI<OH

T pHaneT:I<Hx

rop.

nonowsa IO>HHoro ci<noHa 4o6apeT-

< I< i~ Be TB H ynHpaeTCSl B paBHYIHY no JlY!HY!H ceneHHH f\3apBeT

( a po. B 3TOH nonoce (s paVIoHax cen. Koi<HSJ, f\nacTaH, Bape11 <111 ,

Ba p r aH

XaHno)

11

B03BbJWaiOTCSJ

II IIObre XOflMbl, C!<OpO CJlY!BaiOW,HeCSl

He3Ha4HTenbHble I<aMeC f\xan~?anai<CI<OH

pas-

1111 11 0i:1.
3ana.i:IHaSJ 30Ha
Ja11all " a~

30 Ha no-

HOH CHCTeMoVI

' pa ttH t H b t/( r op.

Bblpa>HeHa

MOW,HOH rop -

)J,oxyc-nyHxap (4TO B nepesone

03Ha4aeT neBSlTb J.1CT04HHI<OB), I<OTOpaSl B cyw,II Hl \1 . Jl e>H HT

f ' MY

BHe

xa pa!<Tepy

npenenoB f\xani<anai<CI<OrO ye3na. no CBO

OHa pe31<0

11r.rx o porp acpHYeCKHX

r o r o , r ny6o 1<J.1H

Bblpe3

OTflY!YaeTCSl OT BCeX BbiWeOnHCaH

3neMeHTOB CBOHM csoeo6pa3HeM. KpoMe

nonHHbl p . Kypbl Ha rpaH!" u,e f\xani<a -

lllll<t 1<0 10 ye3na, nOBJ.illHMOMy, COBepweHHO HapywaeT BCSli<YIO

IIIJ IJ 0 I COJlOfJ.1LJ eCI<yiO CBSl3b CHCTeMbl )J,oxyc- nyHxap C cp1-13H4e{ t<oi '1 11p r1ponoi1 f\xani<anai<ci<oro nnaTo, a noToMy 11 He HrpaeT
IIVII<ur<Oi1 ponVI B ero r11nporpacp1111.

V. 0[anoqHbte

ofipa~oBaHHH.

C a Mbre Tw,a TenbHble HCCn~nosaHH Sl noi<a3anH, YTO B npe JtCnax scei-1 ropH OH o Kp a HHbl f\xani<anai<CI<oro ye3na ocanoY II t.r ' o6pa3oBaHVISl He

Vl rp a !OT 3aMeTHOH pon11. BcnencTBHe He

9

06biYai1HOi1 Hanp51meHHOCTH BYHKaHHYeCI<Oi1 ile51TeHbHOCTH, naBOBbie o6pa30BaHH51

rpOMailHOi1

ye3n, noKpbiBast co601o

BbiX

113HH51HHi1,

MaCCHBHOCTH 3anOHHHHH BeCb

see ocanoYHbie noponbi. Tonw,a naso-

06HamaiOW,a5IC51

yw,en11i1 p. TonapasaH

11 ee

nO

o6pbiBHCTL>IM

npHTOI<OB, nocTHraeT

Cl<nOHaM

rpoMailHbiX

pa3Mepos.
BynKaHHYeCI<He o6pa3oBaHH51 nOI<05ITC51 Ha ocanoYHbiX noponax

pa3nHYHoi1

3nox11 .

CpaBHHTeHbHO

no3nHei1weM ne-

pHone syni<aHHYeCI<He npou,eccbi, HapywHB nop5IilOK HannaCToBaHHi1 ocan04HbiX nopon B Hei<oTopbiX yroni<ax ye3na, Ha p51ny
C BYHI<8HHYeCI<HMH

o6pa30B8HH51MH, OCTaBHHH

TOHbKO He60Hb

WHe 06HOMI<H OCaiiOYHbiX o6pa30BaHHi1 B BHile ,OI<OH".

OcanoYHbie
HHCTbiX
pbie

o6pa30BaHH51

113

H3BeCTH5II<OB, necYaHornH-

Meprenei1 11 H3BeCTI<OBO rni-1HHCTbJX

npocTHpanHCb

neCYaHHI<OB, I<OTO

HeKorna c cesepa Ha 10r Yepe3 BCIO

nno-

w,anb HbiHeWHeH f\xani<anai<CI<Oi1 HaropHoi1 paBHHHbl, OCT8BHHH HHYT0}f{Hbli1 cnen TOHbi<O Ha oi<paHHax f\xanKanai<CKoro ye3na.
Bee

3TH

oTnomeHI-151 B f\xanKanaKCKOM

Bei1WMMH

naBOBbiMM

nOTOI<aMM, a

ye3ne noKpbiHHCb HO

n03TOMY 11 HeilOCTynHbl 06-

3 0py.

VIJ 6onee
M3BeCTH51KM

npeBHMX nopon ilOCTynHbl Ha6niOneHHIO TOJibKO

BepXHe-MeHOBOi1

cpopMaU,HH, o6pbiBJ.1CTO BbiCTyna

IOW,Me B cesepo - 3ananHOM norpaHM4HOM

4o6apeTCKOM xpe6Te.

8biXOilbl 3THX OCT8TKOB OCail04HbiX nopon OTMe4eHbl Ha reOHO

rHYeCKOi1

KapTe. 06naCTb

4o6apeTCKf1X

r ap J.1MeeT CTpOeHf.1e

nnaToo6pa3HbiX yCTynos , cnycKaiOW,HXC51 Ha 3anan f.1 10ro-3anan

K nonf.1He p . Kypbi , 1-1 pa3nen 51 eTC51 He6onbwoi1 nonf.1Hoi1 p. TeTpas-Yai1, Mnf.1

4o6apeTYai1,

Ha'-lf.1Haiow,ei1c5J a caMoi1 sepxHei1

YaCTM ropbi Kapa-Ka51.

B 3Toi1 nonHHe o6HameHbi o6pbiBMCTbie BbiXOilbi MeTaMopcpH 3 0BaHHbiX J.13BeCTH51KOB , ysne4eHHbiX ilf.1H8MMYeCKJ.1MJ.1 CJ.1Ji8MH
Ha 3H84MTeHbHYIO
Ye3aiOT.
6 aspbi.

BbiCOTy,

rne OHH, BHeJanHO o6pbiB851Cb, VIC

TpeTHYHbie nopoiibi np051BneHbi B pai1oHe

3necb

spe3aeTC51

Kowoo6pa3HO

B Henpa

pacwMpeHHa51

H3BepmeHHbiX

cen .

XM3a-

nonHHa p. Kypbi

o6pa30BaHMi1

11 o6HamaeT

onyCTJ.1BWMi1C51 Ha MHOrO neC511I<OB MeTpOB S!pyc TpeTHYHbiX OT

nomeHHi1 .

10

B pai1oHe ce11. XepTBHC, s yw,eJTbH, non nasoBbiM noi<poIIOM BblCTynaeT

<)

ll,eJTa51 Cepl-151 MepreJTeH 1-1 nJTOTHblX neiTHTOBblX

cep~-151 OTHOCHTC51 f\61-1xoM I< 30U.eHy .

1no H<e HHi1 . Bc51 :na

Ocano4Hbie

OTJTO<.eHI-151

11ono ce o3epa Xo3anHH

Toro

CHosa

me

so3pacTa s 6eperosoi1

no51BIT51IOTC51 s BHne Tex Mepre-

JII'ii , I<OTOpblX Mbl BCTpe4aJTH B neHHHai<aHCI<OM paHOHe 1-1 6111-13

1. : p 1-1saHH. 3necb, no naHHbiM f\61-1xa, , JTaBbi HenocpencTseHHO
l i .IJI I I I1 a JTHCb B 03epo 1-1 rny60I<O Bpe3biBaJTHCb B pblXJTbiH , 4epe1\' IO IJJ,I-1HC51 C nJTaCTaMH MepreJT51 , nepenOJTHeHHOrO pai<OBHHaMH,
II

llle CTI<OBblH Tycp, I<OTOpblH H COCTaBJI51eT UHO 03epa.

Conepmaw,He pai<oBI1Hbi oTnomeHI-151, s I<OHTai<Te c nasaMH ,

rlt'C ra MH 51BJ15110TC51 UOI<paCHa o6o>t<meHHblMH" 1) .
He6onbwHe BbiXOUbi
II( )

1p a cTa

ll .r r<e BH,

ocano4HbiX

o6pa3osaHHi1

Ha6monaiOTC51 s noJTHHe p. Kypbi ,

rue

,ssepxy

CI<ITOHa, non TeMHbiMH nasaMH, 3aMe4a-

l() I C51 3 Hai<OMble CJTOI-1 neC4aHHCTblX Meprenei1 H Tycpos"

ManeHbi<Oe npo51sneHHe ocano4HWX nopon,
11(' 11

VI

neC4aHHI<OB,

me

Toro

BbiWe cen. Hai<a-

BblCTynaeT B IO<.HOH

).

s BHne cnaH-

OI<paHHe f\xani<anai<-

ye 3na, OI<OJTO cen. Ka3aH41-1 1-1 UHu.-I<ap , neHHHai<aHCI<OrO

' IW I'O

v u ta.

Becb

Cl\',l l l 0 4 Hb!X

me

nepesan no neHHHai<aHa u.enHI<OM cnomeH

nopon ,

1-13

npeUCTaBJTeHHblX B CHJlbHO UHCJTOU.HpOBaH-

II<lM 13 1-'!Ue.

VI. T e K T 0 H H K a.
T e r<T OHH I< a

P.xani<anai<CI<oro

ye3na

< JrO>I< r l a 1-1 TPYUHO nonnaeTCSI H:>yYeHHIO

'" clJlO ' II Ibi X

OTJTO<.eHHH 1-1

l loii\O Bb i X noi<pOBOB,

BbiCwei1 ..#- tTeneHH

scnencTBHe OTCYTCTBHSI

3Ha4HTeJTbHOH

pacnpOCTpaHeHHOCTI-1

CI<pbiBaiOW,HX non C060IO CJTO<.Hble Tei<TO-

IIII'ICC I<He SI BJTeHHSI.

Te i<TOHH4eCI<He npou.eccbi s reonorH YeCI<OM CTpoeHHH f\xanr<. IJI a I< Ct<O ro

ye3na

CbirpanH

I<OJToccanbHYIO ponb . Bcnen.CTBHe

1opoo6 p a3 osaTeJTbHbiX H Tei<TOHH4eCI<HX npou.eccos Heo6bi4ai1"o i-i

Ha npH<.eHHOCTH

f\xani<anai<CI<HH

ye3n npeTepnen rny6o-

'' "i-1 w He H3MeHeHHSI .

1

r.

FI 6 H x - le o n on1~ FlpM~HCKOro

Haropb5!, crp. 22.

l1

BnH~HH~

KaBKa3CKHX

~sneHHi1 HOC~T

H Mano-a3HaTCKHX

3necb ~CHO

oporeHHYeCKHX

BbipameHHbJH xapaKrep. OcHOBHOH

reonorHYeCKHH 3aiWH-nepeceYeHHe non npSJMbiM yrnoM MepH nHoHanbHbiX

f\pM~HCKOro

nonH~THH

WHpOTHbiX

Haropb~-TaKme

pe3KO

llHCnOKal.I,HH

BbipameH

BHyrpvt

H B CTpoeHHH

f\xanKanaKCKoro ye3na.
npH

6nHmai:iweM

03HaKOMneHHH

C npHpOllOH

H xapaK-

TepOM nHcnoKaU.HOHHbJX npou.eccos :noi1 ropHoi1 o6nacrH

y6enHTbC~ ,

KO MO}f{HO
CB~3aHW

ner-

4TO BCe 3TH ~BneHH~ 60nbWeH YaCTbiO

C aHTHTaBpCKHMH oporeHHYeCKHMH

~BneHH~MH.

BbiXOllbi 6onee npeBHHX H3BepmeHHbJX nopon npeHMyw,e crseHHO

CB513aHbl C

nHHH~MH

npOpblBOB npononbHbiX

OpHeHTHpOBaHHbiX B BOCT04H0-3ananHOM
HHH, a BbJXOllbl
pblBOB

HOBbiX speMeH CB513aHbl C nHHHSIMH npo--

MepHllHOHanbHOrO

HOBeHWHX
HHKH,

6onee

BHOBb

BanHCb

MO}f{HO

nonH51TH51

3TOM

yyacrKe

nonseprc51

H3nOMa H onycKaHHSI

Ha6monaTb

3TO

Hafn51llHO

Ha6nJOnaeTC5i

f\xanKanaKCKoro ye3na, Ha yyacrKe 4o-

xpe6ra. B

TpHanercKoro

HnH H3 KparepHbJX l.l,eHTpOB.

synKaHHYecKHM npopbiBaM-o6pa -

rpeW,HH, KaK

Ha cesepHoi1 rpaHHu,e

scnencrsHe

nocnenyJOW,He naBbl ,

OCHOBHbiM nHHHSIM- TeKTO -

nonH~THe H3BeCTHbJX YaCTei1 3eMHOH Ko -

cnoco6CTsosano
WHpOKHX

6apercKoro

me

no 3THM TpeW,HHaM

OnycKaHHe HnH
pbl raKme

TeM

BOCnOnb30BanHCb rOTOBbiMH rpew,HHaMH H H3nH-

HnH

30BaHHIO

HanpaBneHH51.

cneny~

BpeMeH,

rpeW,HH ~

WHpOTHOM Hanpasne-

nepsoHaYanbHbJH
6onbWOMY

YaCTH

noyYHTenbHYIO

cson.

H3MeHeHHIO ,

era. 3necb Harn~nHo

l<apTHHy,

pa3 ' ~CH5110W,y!O

BHyrpeHHee CTpOeHHe MeCTHOCTH, no 06HameHHOMy K 10ry Kpy TOMy o6pb1BVICTOMY

BbiXOny

H3BeCTI<.OBbJX OTnomeHHH MenOBOH

opMaU,VJH .
B

CB~3VJ c

nHHVJei:i

pa3pbiBa

aHTHKnHHanbHOH

CKnanKH

Ha6n10naerc~ 3HaYHrenbHOe 113flVI51HVIe 6a3anbTOBbJX (nonepVIroBbiX) naB, reHeTVJYeCKVI CB513aHHbiX C rpeW,HHOH, npOCH1pa!OW,eHCSl
B BOCT04H0-3ananHOM HanpaBneHVJH.
nocnenHHe

HCTeYeHVJ~

6a3anbTOBbiX (nonepVITOBblX) naB,

pacnpocrpaHVJBWVJXC~ no f\xanKanaKCKOi1 paBHHHe c ceBepa , no

speMeHVI

H no

3eMHOH KOpbl,

12

nocnenoBarenbHOCTH

CB~3aHbJ c

Kone6aHH~MH

KOTOpble H o6ycnOBVIfll1 onyCKaHVJe IO}f{HOi1 Ya-

I H Hb JHeWHeH 4o6apeTCI<OH B03BbiWeHHOCTH. npH3Hai<OM :;no-

lO

o ny ci<aHH~

~BJl~eTC~

I<pyToe naneHHe

MeJlOB~X

H3BeCTH~I<OB

I I 11 a nera!OW,HX Ha HHX C CeBepa 30LI,eHOBbiX OTJlO}!{eHHH.

BecbMa
' I 0 ' IH ble,

noy4HTenbHbiMH

~Bn~IOTC~

nHcnoi<au,HOHHbie so-

na panJleJlbHO MepHllHOHaJlbHble

JlHHHH

pa3pb!BOB,

I<Or opbiMH cB~3aHb' see pSJnOBbJe syni<aHH4eCI<He u,eHTpbi CH-

'

' ll' Mbi CaMcap-f\6yn

11 po HcxomneHHeM
1,

upblBaM

H Moi<pblX fop. Bee OHH o6~3aHbJ CBOHM

~sneHH~M - Tpew,HHaM

nHcnoi<au,HOHHbiM

3eM .I IOH I<Opbl, I<OTOpble nam1 BbJxon I<onoccanbHbiM

l l di10 Bbi M H3JlH~HH~M, o6pa30BaBWHM Bb!COI<He BepWHHbl B 3THX

I i ll taX .

VII. BynKaHHJM H ero BnHHHHB Ha DfiPa30BaHHB DeTPDfPamHmKHX DPOBHHUHi.

Bym<aHwieCI<a~ ne~TenbHOCTb B f\xani<anai<CKOM ye3ne, noll llll. r~MoMy,

1O ll,e Ha, HO

Ha4anaCb B HHmHe-30LI,eHOBYIO 3noxy H I< I<OHLI,Y OJlH-

6onee

HHTeHCHBHa~ ne~TeJlbHOCTb npo~sneHa 6bma

IIOCJle-TpeTH4HYIO 3noxy.

II

VlHTeHCHBHbie Tei<TOHH4eCKHe npou,eCCbi, eCTeCTBeHHO, BbiIJ I,lJ I H

He06bJ4aHHO

l lllC rb,

KOTopa~

1'

Hanp~meHHYIO

onpenenHna

ne~TeJlb

BYJ1KaHH4eCKYIO

co6oH

reonorH4ecKoe CTpoeHHe

pp HTOpH H f\xani<anai<CI<oro ye3na.

CaMble Mory4He H3 syni<aHH4eCI<HX u,eHTpOB pacnonomeHbr

ll l l

J IHHH~ M 60JlbWHX TpeW,HHOBbiX c6pOCOB.

B

30H e

,,, 111113 Ma,

BOCT04HbiX oi<paHHHbiX

cnenyeT

11 11 1 JI Or<au,HOHHbiX

rop, c T041<H 3peHH~ syn-

OTMeTHTb llBOHHYIO CHCTeMy napanneJlbHbiX

JlHHHH

He

onvtHalWBOH

nnl'fi.!bi.

OCHOBe

' r p o e 11H~ o6o1-1x MepvtnHOHaJlbHbiX napannenbHbiX Tpew,HH 3eMr l o i l i<Opbl nemHT 3aKOH

o6pa30BaHVISI

, 1o M 11 a JlHHHH o6pa3osaHH~
1

p~llOBbiX BYJll<aHOB, npH

MoKpbiX fop npo5!sneHo MHome-

11 10 OJlHO pOllHbiX He3Ha4HTeJlbHbiX no BbiCOTe KOHYCOB, H TOJlbi<O

I II ' CI<O JlbKO BYJ1KaHH4eCKHX LI,eHTpOB, KaK, HanpHMep, nernvt-nar,

>MJ IHI<JIH H f\rpHKap, B03BbiWaiOTC~ Han sceMI-1

syn-

p~llOBbiMH

l<dii<:IM H.
neTporpacjJH4eCKHH
1< ,1 TCSJ, rnaB HbiM
III.JX,

xapaKTep

o6pa30M,

cpOHOJl H T OBbiX,

3TI1X

rOpHbiX

MaCe Bblpa-

B aHlle3VITOBbiX, aHJle3HTO-TpaXI1TO-

pHOJlVITOBbJX,

JlHnapVITOBbiX

JlaBaX

HX

13

pa3HOBY1D.HOCT5lX,
naKTHbiX MaCC,

BCTpeYa!OW,Y1XC5l

3D.eCb B BY1D.e nnOTHbiX KOM -

nepeXOD.5lW,Y1X Y1HOrD.a B nopY1CTOe, YaCTO neHH-

CTOe coCTOSIHY1e. XapaKTepHbiM npY13HaKOM 3TY1X nopon cny<HTpe3KY1H nepexon Y1X OKpacKH c ceporo TOHa Ha KpacHoBaTo-6ypblH,

Y1HOrn.a

Ya!OTC5l

KY1HOBapHO - KpaCHbiH.

u.enbie yYaCTK1,

KpoMe Taro , YacTo BCTpe -

noKpb!Tble KpaCHbiMY1 wnaKOBY1D.HbiMH.

nasaMY1; Ha6n!OD.a!OTC5l TaK<e H cosepweHHO YepHble, KaK yronb ,

pa3HOBHD.HOCTY1 HX,
D.aMH.

Bee

3TH

paCCe5lHHble Me<n.y

pa3HOU.BeTHble

wnaKOBHD.HblMH nopo -

Y1 pa3HoxapaKTepHble nopOD.bl

npHHan.ne>HaT Ha HeKOTOpblX yYaCTKaX OD.HOH H TO~ >He Macce,

HO

np05lBfleHHOH B pa3HblX BHD.aX, B

3aBHCHMOCTH OT ycn6BV!it;

HX o6pa30BaHY15l.
CnenyeT OTMeTHTb seCbMa

xapaKTepHoe 5lBneHHe: B 30He

3Tl1X BOCT04Hb1X OKpaHHHblX BynKaHY1YeCKHX rap HVlrD.e He BCTpe 4a!OTC5l synKaHHYeCKHe pa3HOBHnHbie Bbi6poCbl , B pone nenna ,.
nanH!l!lH, CY1HepHTOB, 6oM6, TycpoB H T. n.
KaK 6bJnO
BepwHHa
nyHKTOM

ynOM5lHYTO,

xpe6Te

MoKpblX

H3flH5lHH5l

ropa

MoKpblX

lop.

nernH-n.ar-

lop-SJBnSieTCSJ

3TOT

caMa5l BbiCOKa5l
caMbiM

!O>HHbiM

BbiCOKHH synKaHH4eCKHi1 u.eHTP'

CflO>HeH 13 aHD.e3HTOB, aHD.e3Y1TO-naU.HTOB H aHD.e3H

TOTpaXHTOB~X pa3HOBHD.HOCTeH. lOpa CBOHMH OTpOraMH 3aHH

MaeT

orpOMHOe

npoCTpaHCTBO. ,Il,anee K ceBepy pacnono<eHa,

BepWHHa TaK-Ha3biBaeMOH
COKHH
Tex

KoHyc

<e

r.

3MnHKnH

nopon. B

6e3biMeHHOH rOpbl, H , Ha!<OHeU., Bbl

(3.053, 1

MTp.), cno<eHHbie TaK<e H3c

nec5lTY1 sepcTax K cesepy

HHH pacnoncimeHa

D.BOHHaSI ,

no

3Toi1 <e nH-

nnocKaSJ, HO o6wHpHaSJ sepwHHa

f\rpHKapa, COCTasneHHaSI H3 aHD.e3HTOTpaXHTOBOrO p5lna C ne

peXOD.OM K

6onee

OCHOBHbiM aHne3HTOBbiM pa3HOBY1nHOCTSIM.

Ha 3anaD.HbiX CKnOHax 3TY1X nocnenHHX nsyx sepwHH Bbinen5leTC5l

YeCKHx"

(2.771 ,5

p51D.

BTOpOCTeneHHbiX,

synKaHoB:

rap.

MTp.), WHw-Tana

TaK-Ha3biBaeMbiX

Man.aTana

(2.683,3

(2.719,3

"napa3HTH

MTp. ), VlnxH-D.flr

MTp .) H TaswaHTana

(1.883,54

MTp.); 3TH synKaHbi pacnpocTpaH5l!OTC5l c 10ra Ha cesep no To napasaHcKoro o3epa.

,Il,aneKO pacnpOCTpaH5llOW,HeC5l

nOD.HO>I<bSl 3THX

napa3J.1TH

YeCKHX synKaHOB CflO>HeHbl 113 aHD.e3J.1TO-TpaXY1TOBbiX naB H re HeTHYeCKH CB513aHbl C nocnenHHMH.

14

B BOCbMH

sepCTax

'l ll uJ ibHOi1 J111HI111,

1

>IO B

1<

cesepy OT

f\rp111<apa, no Mep11nl1-

1<pacyiOTC51 nse Mal<yWKI1 )J,aBa!<paHa, BbiC0-

2.810 MTp. 11 2.814,2 MTp. Han ypoBHeM MOpS!. Bepw11Hbl

' '" ro cnoncTBYIOT Han w11p01<oi1 I<OTJ10BI1Hoi:1 o3epa TonapaBaH .

I~ :r roi:1 o6nacr11 oco6eHHO pa3BI1Tbl cBeTno-cepble mmapHTbl
11 u l-tne 3HTbl, o6ycnoBnHBaiOw,He CTpoeHI1e KoHycos )J,aaa!<paHa.
() I 3TI1X BbiCOT ropHa51 u.enb, B nanbHei:1weM CBOeM npOTSI}!{e1 111 11 CHJlbHO

nOHI1}!{a51Cb,

nepexon11T I< TaK-Ha3biBaeMOMY 6H-

nepesany. B y~<a3aHHOi1

I{ l' rct<OM Y

Mep11ni10HanbHOi1 synKaHI1-

'' <:c i<Oi1 o6nacTH 1<a1< nepesanbHbiH yYaCTOK, Tal< 11 ropa 611KeTJ J<~ t

cn omeHbi

113

npe~<paCHbiX HaCT051W.11X o6c11n11aHOB.

ll< py or 6111<eT-nara B03BbiWaeTC51

II l':H1TOBa51 BepW11Ha )J,an11-nara.
nocne )J,an11-nara
l luJly ,
II I,tx

ce-

ropHa51 u.enb pe31<0 OTI<llOH51eTC51 I< 3a -

npononmaeTc51 B s11ne
113

J<ynonoo6pa3Ha51 Tpaxl1-aH-

TpaXI1TO-aHne311TOBblX

p51na B03BbiWeHHOCTei1, cnomeHpa3HOBI1nHOCTeH,

11,

3aMbiJ<a51

t<O TJl OBI1HY o3epa TonapaBaH, ynHpaeTC51 so sTopoi1 Mep11nl1() ll an bHbiH - Ca Mea p-f\6ync1<11i1 xpe6eT.
CaMcap-f\6ynci<HH

xpe6eT, o6pa3oBaBWI1HC51

Han nHHI1ei1

MCp 1-1ni10HaJlbHOH nHCJlOI<aU.HOHHOH TpeW,HHbl, npenCTaBJ151eT COIi Qi:,

p51n BYlll<aHI14eCJ<I1X I<OHyCOB, BblTSIHYTblX no Mep11ni10Hanb-

IIO MY HanpasneHI1IO.
CaMbiM cesepHbiM u.eHTpOM synJ<aHHYecKoro p51na 51Bn51eT( ~~ Tpax i1TOBbiH I<OHyc seni1KOnenHoi1 cpopMbl Tas-l"oTenH, 11n11

I rliJHBeTI1J111 (yceYeHHa51), Bh!COTOIO B 2.807,6 MTp. , c !<paTepOM

lid Be pW11He 11 npaBHJlbHbiMI1 Jli1HI151MI1 6apaHI<OCOB_,;, .,
CaMbie IOmHbie YneHbi synKaHHYecKoro p51na npencTaBJtC' II bt rop9 M11 f\6yn.
Tas- KoTeJ111 no CBOeMy CTpoeHHIO 11MeeT xapa!<Tep CTpaTOIIY JII<aH a.

Cnoi1CTble

oTnenbHOCTH nHnapHTOBbiX nopon, o6pa-

t y t o w,Y~e rnaBHYIO Macey KOHyca, noKpblTbl TOH

me naaoi1 c no-

t<posoo6 pa3HbiM pacnpocTpaHeHI1eM. B BOCTOYH0-3ananHOM Ha11pasn eHI1H

t111 HYeCKHX
'I

OTnen51eTC51

HeCJ<OJlbi<O MaJleHbi<I1X JlaBOBbiX napa -

l<OHYCOB, yi<a3b!BaiOW,11X Ha ne51TeJlbHOC'Tb Bynl<aHa

e pe3 6 0l<OBble Tpellli1Hbl.

BepwHHa Tas-KoTenl1 cnomeHa 113 KpacHo-6ypoi1 wnaJ<o-

>G pa3 110 i1

noponbl.

Ha CKJlOHax synKaHa noMHHI1PYIOT pa3HO-

15

BVInHOCTVI nVITOVInHbiX pVIOnVITOB 4epHOfO LJ,BeTa, MenK03epHHCTOfO nnOTHOfO xapa!<Tepa, B pa3H006pa3HeHWVIX BVInOVI3MeHeHVISIX. 4aCTO 3TH noponbi BCTpe4aiOTCSI B ny3blp4aTOM VI OWnaI<OBaHHOM COCTOSIHV!Vl.
8 4 l<nM. no npstMOH nVIHHVI Ha !Of OTCTOVIT npaBVInbHbiH KOHYC
6e6ep-ropbi, cnomeHHbiH 113 CBeTnoro nopqmposVInHoro TpaxVITa
c KpynHbiMVI BbineneHVISIMVI nonesoro wnaTa 11 porosoH o6MaHKH.
B 4 KnN. 1< 10ry oT 6e6ep-ropbi B03BbJwaeTCSI KoHyc synKaHa WaBHa6anVI, cocTOSill.\VIH 6onbweH 4aCTbiO 113 nVITOVInHoro
pVIOnVITa; B IO}!{HOH 4aCTVI era pa3BV!Tbl CBeTnbie, Menf<03epHHCTbJe TpaXIHbl.
B 5 KnM. oT Hero Ha 10r B03BbiwaeTcst nVIpaMHnanbHast
sepwVIHa Kapa-Ky3eH, cocTOstll.\ast 113 HeCKOnbKVIX nVIKOB, cnomeHHbiX 113 , CnOVICTbiX OTnenbHOCTeH 4epHbiX aMop<f:>HbiX naB,
npVIHannemall.\VIX K pstny TeMHbiX TpaXJ.1-aHne3VITOB.
CosepweHHO oco6eHHoe 3Ha4eHVIe VIMeiOT nnst reonorH'H
f\xanKanaKCKoro ye3na KonoccanbHbie VI3nVIstHVIst caMbJX ~<pyn
HbiX LJ,eHTpOB, ne<a ll.\VIX Ha 3TOH MepVInVIOHanbHOH nVIHVIVI synKaHOB-CaMCap , VI F\6yn.
CsoHMVI MOll.\HbiMVI noTOKoo6pa3HbiMVI VI3nVIstHVISIMVI TpaxHTOBbie naBbi pacnpocTpaHVInVICb OT VIX nonHO}!{bSI no f\xanKanaKCI<OH HarOpHOH paBHHHbl , rpOM03n51Cb ycTynaMVI C nnaTOo6pa3HbiMVI nnoll.\anKaMVI . BenVI4eCTBeHHbiH KOHyc CaMcapa cnomeH 113 cserno-ceporo ipaXVITa c KpynHbiMVI KpVIcrannaMVI nonesoro wnaTa VI 6VIOTV!Ta. Ha BOCT04HOH CTOpOHe, BOKpyr Kynonoo6pa3HOfO nVIKa, pa3BVITbi 4epHbie pHOnVITbi.
3ananHee or CaMcapa, Ha IOro-socT04HOM 6epery 03epa
Ta6VIu,xypVI, BCTpe4aiOTCSI o6HameHHbie Bbixonbi pVIonVITOBbiX 11
nVInapVITOBbiX naBOBbiX o6pa3oBaHVIH. Cserno-cepbie TpaXHTbi
CaMcapa, HansVIrastCb no caMOH IOmHOH OKpa11Hbi f\xanKanaKCKoro nnaTo, 11rpa10T 3Ha411TenbHYIO ponb B era reonor1111.
3TOT CBeTnbiH TpaXVIT npOS!BnsteTCSI Ha paBHVIHe 6nl13 rap. f\xanKanaKVI . B <f:>opMe 1130nVIpOBaHHOfO Kynonoo6pa3HOfO KpaCVIBOfO
xonMa TaswaH-Tana. TVInVI4HbiH rpa'XVIT 3TOT cseTnoceporo,
11HOrna CBeTnO-p030BaTOfO OTTeHKa C 4epHOH CniOnOH, C He6onbWOH np11MeCbiO poroBOH o6r"'aHKH. Bee nocTpOHKVI rap.
f\xanKanaKVI coopymeHbi 113 3TOH noponbi.

16

r >Onb WaSI pacnpocTpaHeHHOCTb nmHYHoro csenwro Tpa.,,, ,, 11 p ai1oHe orpOMHOro ueHTpa H3Jli151HH51 o6paTHna Ha ce6SI

111 11 1Md lll1e an:aneMHKa f\611xa, KOTOpblH B CBOeM Tpyne npHBOllHT

tiiii i!J 6 Hoe onHcaHHe :noi1 noponbi c o6o3Hat.JeHHeM npenenos
t t [liJC il pOCTpaHeHHOCTH. no erO npOCb6e npo<:jJ. <!J. 6eKKe MH1 i>D I<O il l14eCKHM H3yYeHHeM ycTaHOBHJl THn :HOH HHTepeCHOH
II II 1-po rpa<:jJHYeCKOM OTHOWeHHH nopOllbJ . npo. 6eKKE' noJHH IY ::rry onpenenSieT, Kal< 6pOH3HT-TpaXHT .
Co rnaCHO naHHbJM aHaJlH3a npo. niOllBHra (nsyx o6pa3ltr Jtl ), no pona ::na conep}f{HT:

I
KpeMHe3eMa
lni1 H03eMa
0KI1 CH }f{ene3a
3 a KHCH }f{ene3a
0K HCH MarHHSI
H3BeCTJ.1
1< an11
HaTpa
Bonbi

(S i02 )

(A I20 3 )

( fe~0 3 )

(feO)
(MgO)
(CaO)
(K 2 0)
(Na 2 0)
( H20)

. 66,42
17,12
3,01

II

1 '12
1,27
4,19
1,28
3,60
0,95

65,13
17,00
3,07
1,95
1,45
4,23
1,54
3 ,75
2,60

98,96

10J,72

F\<aneMHK f\611x Haxomn conep}f{aHHe KpeMHe3eMa aecbMa

tlt ,l <0 1<11M llJl SI HOpMaJlbHOfO TpaXHTa, a n03TOMY nopona 3Ta
tl.t JUaHa HM Ksapu-TpaXHTOM . HeKOTOpbie pa3HOBHllHOCTH 3TOH
ttn pon bi Y1 MeiOT nopHCTYIO CTPYKTYPY BcTpeYaiOTCSI 11 pa3Horo
I CHI< a npyrHe pa3HOBI1llHOCTH 3T0f0 TpaXHTa, BnJ1l-Tb llO Yep11010, I<aK yrOJlb, BapHaHTa. nopona 3Ta CHJlbHO pa3BJ.1Ta y
11 0 /li iO>HbSI f\6yn-(aMCapCKOH CHCTeMbl.
HaYHHa SI OT 3HaYHTenbHOH Kynonoo6pa3Hoi1 sepwHHbJ
ll y; tyTnyr, 6n H3 cen. KoM, BCSI BOCTOYHa SI H cesepo -BOCTOYHaSI
' l.tCJh cen. f\pa r osa , OKpecTHOCTH cen. Man}f{alll-151 , Xynl<yMa , KyJIII t<.tM, Kap THKaM 11 nanee- cocTOSIT 113 3Toro cseTnoro TpaxHTa.
vb p51 na synKaHOB CaMcap-f\6ynCl<OH CHCTeMbl HaH60Jlb11111i-1 11HTepec npencTaBnSieT 6onbwoi1 f\6yn,-caMast BbJCOKa51
11 puJ J.1 Ha B 'f\xanKanaKCKOM ye3ne (3.300 MTp.),-B03BbiWaiOw,Hi1<:A 11an r. f\xanKanaKH Ha 1.629,6 MTp.
I >I

17

f\6yn

6onbwoi1

u,emH<OM cnomeH

113

Tpaxi1Ta ,

TOilbi<O

paHOHe I<paTepa pa3BI1Tbl pa3HOBI1nHOCH1 Jll1napHTOBOH noponbl .

3Ha411TJlbHO IO}f{Hee Oni1HOI<O B0 3 BbiWaeTC51 I<ynonoo6pa 3 ~

(2.801

H a51 sepw11Ha Manoro f\6yna

11 3 I<Bapu,-TpaXI1Ta ,
Ma!OTC51

MTp. BbiCOTbi), cnomeHHa 5i

p11on11Ta 11 <jJoHOili1TOB. CesepHee ee B3nbi ronepe611 11 Kep - Ornbl. nocnen ~

orpOMHble BepW11Hbl

I<PYTbl MI-1 11 ni11<11MI1 ycTynaMI1 p110Jl l1 ~

H I1H OTJll14aeTC51 CB011MI1

TOBbiX nopon.

naBOBbl 11 3Jli151HI151 BCeX 6 0I<OBblX ropHbiX OTnpbiCI<OB f\6 yn ~

CaMcapcKoii rpynnbi no csoeMy x apaKTepy OTJJH 4 a!OTC51 O T 113 ~
Jl i151HI1H

l.I,HTpailbHbi X

KpaTepoB;

OHI1, rnaBHbiM o6pa30M , Bbl

pameHbl I<Bapu,- TpaXJ-1TaMI1, p110Jli1TaMI1 ,

U311TaMI1,

TpaXI1aHne3HTaMI1 , aH -

aHne311To - nau,I1TaMI1 11 <jJoHOili1TaMI1. CI<nOHbl 11 sep --

W I1Hbl MH0fi1X 113 3TI1X napa311THbiX BYJJI<aHOB noKpbiTbl orpOM

HbiM 1<0Jli14CTBOM
r orpaHbiX,
OCbinHble

LJaCTVI

npenCTaBJJ515!
MecTaMI1

HaBaneHHbiX npyr Ha npyra

OCTpblMI1

I<pa51MI1

co6o i1 ,

TaKYIM

f\6yn

H pynHbJX , MHO

3TI1

Hl1}f{HI-1

o6pa3oM, uenoe

MaCCbl

06JJOMO.l-!Hbl e

LJaCTYI CI<JlOHOB,
,Mope" I<aMHeii .

cocT051T 113 oKpaweHHbiX nop11 -

naB.

CTbiX OWJlai<OBaHHbiX
60JlbWOH

6onee

3 aBaJli1BaiOT

o6noMOLJHble

06JJOMI<OB.

OC06eHHO 113BCTeH CBOI1M 3aMeLJaTJlbHbl M

r eorpa<jJI1YeCI<11M nono>l<eHYieM. Bo seeM 3aKaBI<a3bl1 HeT ropbl ,

c sepw11Hbi I<OTopoi:f

OTKpbiBanacb 6bi

o6w11pHa51 naHopaMa ,
BocrOYHbiH

6onee

noyLJI1TenbHa51

1<a1< c sepw11Hbi 6onbworo f\6yna .

CI<JJOH

CaMca p - f\6yncKI1X

aynKaHI14eCI<I1X o6 -

pa3oaaHI1H yn11paerc51 B BbJCOI<oropHble 03epHbie o6naCTI1, c se Ili1I<onenHbiMI1 nyraMI-1,

noKpb1TbiMI1 MCTaMI1 I<aMHHbiMI1 0Cbl -

n51MI1.
fOmHa51 OKOHeYHOCTb
Ha51 TpaX11TOBbiMI1

CaMcap-f\6yncKoi1

CHCTeMbl, yce51H

noponaMI1, 3ai<aHLJI1BaeTC51 y

HarOpHOH paB-

HI1Hbl HBbiCOI<I1MI1 XOJJMaMYI .

TpaXYITOBbie naBbi
IOTC51 no
K

cen .

10ry OT CaMcap-f\6yncKoro xpe6Ta 113 0611ny10T 6onbWe iO

Y aCTbiO- 6eCKBa_RU,eBbJe
seeM

CaMcap-f\6ync Koi1 CI1CTMbi npoCT11pa

KaypMa .

npoTS!->~<e~~~

TpaXYITbl, I<OTOpbie pacnpOCTpaHeHbl -Ha

annoTb no TyMaH - rena . 3m ayni<aHI14eCI<I1 e

11 3Jli151HI151 , nOBYinHMOMy, npeBHee, LJM ~6yn-(aMCapCKI1e .

18

O rp OMHOe npoCTpaHCTBO Me>Hny o3epaMvt TyMaH-ren 11

,, ,., , ,,~ 'ana noKpbiTO Tpaxvt-nonepvtTOBOH naaoii, 6onee npeaHero
lliJ! JI I C xo>Hne"H~5l, -4eM 6a3anbTOBbie (nonepHTOBbie) naBbl, pac 111 ltiCI'paHeHHbie B COCellHHX yYaCTI<aX ::noro paHOHa. nocnenoxaa TbiBaJOT noaonbHO wvtpoKvtii paiioH OT cen. Opon>Ha-

111/ t'

l. lj >ll no

cen.

KaypMa H T5lHYTC5l c noaonbHO nnvtHHbiMH pa3-

" ' ' '' uleHvt5lMY! naneKo Ha 10r. Cen. Cnaco<ee annoTHYIO npvtne ' .11' 1 I< nonepvtTOBOMY
1<p5l>Hy, 3al<aH4HBa!OW,eMyC5l I< BOCTOI<Y .
1 1 ' u~ na KOHU,eHTpW!eCKHM KpaTepoM. ,1J,pyroi1
nonKoaoo6pa3HbiH
1 1' d ' e p HaxonvtTC5l nonne cen. CaTxa H oKpy>HaeT ero CBOHMYI
~11l ll/.l l b iMH 113flY!5lHY!5lMY!.
K BOCTOKY OT ceneHY!H CaTXa H Cnaco<ero B03BbiWaJOTC5l

"''< '

ae pwHHbi-Ka3aHbTana 11 KapaYan-Tana, cno>HeHHbie 113

ll.tni nonepHTOB.
B 3ananHoi1 Yacnf f\6yn-CaMcapcKOH CHCTeMbi noMHHI1-

I 'Y ' r TaK>He KBapu,-TpaxHTOBbie, TpaxH-aHne311TOBbie, aHne3HI Ol\1,/e, nl1napHTo-nau,HTOBbie 11 pHOnHTOBbie H3flH5lHH5l. He no' pl'HCTBeHHO y cen. 3aK npHaneKaJOT 1< ce6e BHHMaHvte aHne"' ' Ol:lbie Yl aHD.e3HTO-D.aU,HTOBbie naBbl, TeMHOKpaCHOBaTOrO,
tw p exon5l w,ero a cepbiH, 6ypo-cepbii1, a HHorna coaepweHHO
' I' P" bi i1, u,aeTa, a yw,enbH >He pe1<11 pa3BHTbi TeMHbie TpaxHTO
11 1.1e naBbi.
5 onee 6nH3KOe 3HaKOMCTBO c reonomYeCKHMH H neTpo1i >.t \jH14 eCI<HMI1 ycnOBI15lMI1 3anaD.HOH 4aCTYI HH>HHero CKflOHa
( <IM Ca p - f\6ynCI<OH rpynnbi MO>HHO npH06peCTI1 np11 CnenoBaHHH
1.0 "YTH, aenyw,eMy 113 r. RxanKanaKH Yepe3 ceneHH5l Rparoaa,
1.1 1<, 6yraweH, MepeHH5l, RnaTy6aH, 6e>HaHo JXyMpHc.
Cvtn bHO KaMeHHCTbie 11 6yrpHCTbie CKaTbi CKnOHOB :noii
II'Y IIIIbl noKpblTbl pa3HOXapaKTepHbiMH H pa3HOU,BeTHbiMI1 na
llliM11, npeD.CTaBneHHbiMH I<Bapu,-TpaXHTaMH, TpaXH-aHD.e3HTaMH,
>1 1111 CJ I1Ta MH , aHD.e3HTOD.aU,HTaMH, nHnapHTOD.aU,HTaMH 11 <fJOH011 111 Q MH.
0Tnen5l!OW,vtec5l 1< 3anany OT aepxHHX cKnOHOB CaMcap1\ >YJ ICI<11 X rop OTpOrH HOC5lT xonMHCTbiH xapaKTep . B HX Mac11111 ,, ape3biBaJOTC5l noKpbiTbie u,aeTyW,HMH nyraMH 11 opowaeMI.I MHoroYHCneHHbiMH PY4b5lMH nonHHbi, KOTOpbie a paiioHe
< 'II. 6ap aneTbi , MepeHH5l, 6yraweH 11 3aK nepexon5lT a w11po
19

I<YIO
rp~n

paBHI1Hy, 11Me!Oll.IYIO
BynKaHI1YeCKI1X naB.
Or

cen.

Bl1n 3ani1Ba cpen11 3HIX XOnMI1CTbiX

3aK 1< ceBepy, no npaBoi:i cropoHe p. XMeTI1-xeBH,

Ha411Ha!OTC~ 6a3anbTOBble (nonep11TOBbie) naBbl, I<OTOpble pacnpo-

CTpaHSIIOTCSI 3a cen . f\naTy6aHb , rne OHI1 COnp111<aCa!OTC!'l C pHOnHTOBbiMH 11 rpaXHTOBbiMI1 naBaMI1 CaJVicapa , o6pa3ytOll.IHMH
10ro-3ananHy10 01<pa11Hy 03epa Ta611uxyp11 .
8o3BbiWeHHOCTI1 OT cen. Moni1Tbl no cen. K11311n-KHnHca
cnomeHbl 113 TpaXI1TOB , nOKpbiTbiX rnbi6aMI1 nonep11TOBbiX naB,
Cl<aTI1BWI1XC~
113 BbiWenemall.II1X nyHKTOB, HaXOnSIL1.111XCSI I< CeBepo-3anany. CaMo ceneHI1e Moni1Tbl nocrpoeHo Ha 6a3anbrax.
KH311n-KI1Jli1Ca J.1 o3epo Ta6Huxyp11 pacnonomeHbi cpem1
rpaxHTOBbiX J.1 aHne311TOBbiX naB. K 3anany or o3epa Ta6HuxypH rocnoncTBYIOT nop11CTbie, MenKo3epH11CTbie 6a3anbTbl HOBei:iwero npo11cxomneH11S1 . .LJ,anee, B 3ananHoi1 nonoBI1He xpe6ra ,

Cen.

oKai1MnSI!Oll.lero c ceBepa f\xanKanaKC1<11H ye3n, Ha6ntO.riaeTCSI

3HaYI1TenbHOe 113ni1SIHJ.1e Oni1BI1HOB0 -6a3anbTOBbiX naB, HaXOn~
ll.II1XCSI B r eHeTI1YeCI<OM OTHOWeHI111 B TeCHOH CBSI3J.1 C npOCTI1pa!Oll.leHCSI B BOCTOYH03ananHOM HanpaBneHJ.111 ni1HI1eH pa3pbiBa rp11aneTCI<OH aHTI1KnHHanbHOH C1<nan1<11. Bee npocrpaHCTBO, nonbiMatOmeecSI c nocreneHHOH noKaTOCTbiO OT cen. f\nary6aHI1 Ha ceBepo-3anan 1< B03BbiWeHHOCTI1 CaHHcno, noKpbiTO
6a3anbTOBbiJVJJ.1 naBaMI1. Bee pa3HOBI1nHOCTI1 6a3anbTOB biX naB
conepmar onVJBI1H. naBbi 3TI1 Hcxon~T f.13 nByx Bepw11H, VJ3 seCTHbiX non Ha3BaHVJeM f\yepyn J.1 Kayepym1. Yb onHoro ueHrpa naBbi pacnpocrpaHeHbi no HanpasneHVJIO 1< c. c. KorenaSJ
-3aK , a J.13 npyroro no cen. f\nary6aHb.
noBVJni1MOMy, neSITenbHOCTb LJ,eHTpa J.13BepmeHI1~ KaYepyn H
conpoBomnanacb synKaHI1YeCKI1Mf.1 B3pbiBaMI1 11 Bbt6pocaMI1, 3a
YTO fOBOpS!T BynKaHI1YeCKJ.1e 6oM6bl pa3HOH senl14f.1Hbt , BCTpe
I.Ja!OW,VJeCSI B Ol<peCTHOCT~ X 3TOf0 LJ,eHrpa.
BbiWe 3TVJX ueHrpos, HenaneKo or sepwHHbt CaHHcno,
tOmHee ee, Y!Meerc~ rperVJi:i ueHrp H3BepmeHH~-4apenH .
nocnenHHe J.1CTei.JeHI1SI 6a3anbTOBbiX naB J.13 3TJ.1X UeHTpOB,
pacnpoCTpaHHBWI1eCSI no f\xanKanaKCKOH paBHVJHe, no speMeHH
11 no CBOeMy reHe3VJCy - CBSI3aHbl C nVJCnOKaLJ,VJeH HbtHeWHVJX 4o6apeTCI<I1X rop, npOCTVJpa!Oll.II1XCSI C BOCTOI<a Ha 3anan, 11 o6y-

20

c JI OBJlV!Ba iOT cospeMeHHbii1 penbecp cesepHoi1 npenropHoi1 pas1 111111>~ Axam:<anaKcKoro nnaTo.
5 a3anbTOBble naBbi, pacnpOCTpaH5lBWI1eC51 113 3TI1X u,eHTpOB,
II0 1<pb1Ba!OT

co6oi1

oKpecTHOCTI1

cen.

X113a6aspa.

ll iJ II i iH<eHbl o6pblBI1CTbiMI1 BbiCTynaMI1. 3TH

11 rH<pecTHOCTI1 cen.
<

me

naBbl

3necb OHI1
nO!<pb!BaiOT

BapesaHb 11 Capo, rne o6pa3y!OT o6pbiBH-

11.1 ii 1<p ai1 yw,enb51

p. Kypbi.

vb sepmeHI151MI1 3TI1X Oni1BI1HOB0-6a3anbTOBbJX naB OOI<pb!Ta

11 o 11 H

non OBHHa

j hl llllYlHbl . 3TO
> II I

cesepi;oi1

naBOBOe

YaCTI1

f\xanKanaKCI<OH

HaropHoi1

6a3anbTOBOe nO!<pOBHOe 06pa30BaHI1e

CJ I~eTC 51 OT OCTanbHOH YaCTI1 f\xanl{anai<CI<OH HaropHOH paB-

1111 11 1,1 yw,enbeM

Ka 1< 6binO

p. TonapasaH.
Cl<a3aHo

BbiWe,

f\xanKanaKCI<Oe nnaTo c

10ra

en p li i-IWleHo BOCTOYHbiM !<pbinOM LJanLiblpcKoro xpe6Ta. OT 3TOH

110 1 pa HHYHoi1 30Hbi sepW11Hbi HHai<Tana 11 YY-Tananap, npen' 1<1 Il J15liOW,H e

B03BbiWeHHYIO

YaCTb

Kypo-f\pa!<CI<Oro sonopa3-

II<"J i a, H cMemHbie c HI1M11 BbiCOTbi OpTyn 11 0!<103-nar

< I<.I I a M Y1

n OCTeneHHO

cnyCI<aiOTC51

LIO

CB011MH

ypOBH51 f\xanl<anai<CI<OH

11.11 op 1-1o i1 paBHI1Hbi. OrpOMHbie 113ni151HH51 aHne311TOBbiX, Tpaxl1-

.~ II II e3 YlTOBbl X,

a H.lle311TO-na l.l,HTOBblX

lll>t<pbi BaiO T nOYTI1 BCIO IO}!{HYIO

naB 11 11X pa3HOBI1.llHOCTei1

norpaHI14HYIO 30Hy ye3na .

10mHa 51 1<paeBa51 YaCTb AxanKanaKc!<oi1 BbiCOI<oropHoi1 paB111 11 1hi Ha4HHaeTC51 l<a!<pa3 y

nO.llH0lf{b5J 3TI1X

B03BbiWeHHOCTeH.

3T a or pOMHa51 HaropHa51 paBHI1Ha, paCI<I1HYBWa51C51 BnnOTb .llO

< JIII;I IIH51 p. Tonapasa-H c Kypoi1, o6pa3oBaHa

orpoM~biMI1 113.ni151-

IIII'AMvi 6a3 aflbT_OBbiX naB, B Bl1.lle .llOnep11TOBb~ . 11 aHaMe311TOBblX

I >.1 I II O IH1llHOCTeH, I<OTOpble nonmHbl C411TaTtlC51 CaMblMI1

HOBeH-

1/ III M II Elynl< aHI14eCI<-11MI1 npO.llYI<TaMH Ha f\xanl<anai<CI<OM nnaTO.

0TJlY14 HTenbHbiH xapa!<Tep 3TOH orpOMHOH HaropHOH paB11 11111 >1

3 al<nl0 4aeTC51

TOM, YTO OHa cnomeHa 11CI<ni0411TenbHO

11' Ga3 anbTOBbiX OCHOBHbiX BeCbMa m11LII<11X naB.

B

pe3ynbT aTe

Heo6bJ4ai1Ho

p y nn~BHbi X u,eHTpoB
1Jl n i i.I <a 51

Axan~<anaJ<CI<a5t

110 13 p XI-lOCTb ee np11H51na

11pOLI01lH<aBWHXC51

Hanp51}HeHHoi1

ne51TenbHOCTH

6a3anbTOBbiX naB o6pa3osanacb CHaYana

HaropHa51 paBHI1Ha, HO BnocnencTBI111
cner!<a BO!lHI1CTbiH Xapa!<Tep, B CHny

ropoo6pa30BaTenbHblX

.lli1HaMI14eCI<I1X

npo

I({' COB , HOTOpble npH.lla!ll1 Axan l< anai<CI<0~1Y nnaTO MeCTaMI1 He-

21

I
I
\

J<OTOpyJO

np1-1nOll.HS!TOCTb B Bl-1ll.e

HI-131<1-1X

KynonOB 1-1n1-1 W1-1p0-

KI-1X sonH. MecTaMI-1 np01-130wno 3Ha4!-1TenbHOe Mynbll.006pa3Hoe

1-1n1-1 KopwToo6pa3Hoe onycKaHI-1e.
6a3anbTOBble nopOll.bl

OTnl-14aJOTCS! OT MHOfi-1X llpyri-1X 1-13-

sep>l<eHHbiX nopoll. xapaKTepHoi1

3biBaeMbie
6onbwei1

6a3anbTOBble
4aCTI-1

cnoco6HOCTbJO ll.aBaTb TaK-Ha-

OTilenbHOCTI-1.

I-1MeJOT

CTon6YaTbii1

1-1n1-1 wecT1-1rpaHHbie CTOS!T

3TI-1

OTll.enbHOCTI-1

no

xapaKTep. CTon6bl nS!TI-1

1-1n1-1 npas!-1nbHbiMI-1 pS!ll.aMI-1, 1-1n11 o6-

pa3yJOT pall.!-1anbHO paCXOll.SlW.HeCSl nyYKH . npo!-1CXO>I<ll.eHI-1e 3TI1X

OTll.enbHOCTeH
B

o6'S!CHSleTCS!, KaK pe3ynbTaT COKpaw.eHHSl o6'eMa

HanpasneHI-111,

nocKonbKY

nepneHll.I-1KynSlpHOM

nosepxHOCTb

nnocKOCTI-1

oxna>l<ll.eHHSl;

oxna>l<ll.eHHS!-rop1-130HTanbHaSl

nnoc-

KOCTb, CTon6bl np1-13MaTI-1YeCKOH OTll.enbHOCTH CT051T napannenbHbiMH BepTHKanbHbiMI-1

BOH

pSlll.aMH;

nOCI<OnbKY OHa 51BnSleTCSl !<p!-1-

nosepxHOCTbJO-CTon6bi ,

3YJOT seepoo6pa3Hbie

cnell.ySl 3a ee H3rl-16aMH, o6parpynnbl 1) . B 6a3anbTax, KpoMe -<;TOJ16Ya-

Toi1 OTll.eJlbHOCTH, npOSlBJlSleTCSl 11 nJlHTHSli<OBaS! OTll.eJlbHOCTb.

6a3aJ1bTOBble
SlHI-1Sl

MafMbl ,

naBbl,

3aneraJOT

BC11ell.CTBI-1e
B BHll.e

BeCbMa >1<1-1lli<Of0 COCTO -

nOTOI<OB, MOW.HbiX nOKpOBOB,

K ynonos, HHOrll.a 1-1 >1<1-1n.

noTOI<I-1 6a3aJ1bTa YaCTO HMeJOT THnHYHYIO wnai<OBYIO 30Hy. noTOI<H COCTOS!T 113 HeCKOJlbi<HX HaJleraJOW.I-1X llpyr Hall llpyf OM

HacnoeHI-111

nocnell.OBaTeJlbHbiX

H3Bep>~<eHI-1i1.

4acTo

3TH

noKpOBHbie 30Hbi pa3ll.eneHbi TyosbJMH npocnoi:iK a MI-1 . 6a3aJlbTbi npell.cTaBJlSlJOT co6oi1 YepHbie

nnoTHble naBOBbie o 6 pa3osa-

HI-1S! . Pa3HOBI-1ll.HOCTb 6a 3 aJlbTa - -ll.onepHT-HMeeT

6onee

cepbiH oneHOK. Coll.ep>l<aHHe Kpel'meKHCJlOTbi s

cpell.HeM THne

6a3aJlbTa Kone6neTcSl OT
o 6 pa3yJOT

fJli-1Hbi;

47

52/0

no

OC06eHHO

cseTno-

6a3aJlbTbi, BbiBeTpHBaS!Cb,

113BeCTHbl fJli-1Hbl non Ha3BaHHeM

6a3aJlbTOBOH Bai<KI-1.
noYTH

BO

BCeX

BbleMKaX,

np01-13BeneHHbiX Ha 3TOH paB-

HHHe, BCTpeYeHbl MOW.Hble TOJlll.f.H fJ111 H bl, noKpblTble . paCT!-1TeJl b HOH noYsoi1-YepHo3eMOM.
flOYBa, o6pa30BaHHaSl 113 6a3aJlbTOBbiX JlaB, 06bli<HOBeHHO
SlBJlSleTCS! BeCbMa

6naronp1-1SlTHOH

cpenoi:i nJlSl paCT!-1TeJlbHOCTI1.

1) nesHHCOH-neccHHr-nerpo r paqmll, 1925 r .. crp. 133.

22

n o q s a.

VIII.

/ \i<a neMHK f\611x oco6eHHO nonYepKHBaeT 6naronpH51THble

T1rl' I11(' 11Hbie ycnoBH51 f\xanKanaKcKoro nna To. no ero npocb6e,
lli"H jJ. KapnoM illMHllTOM B IOpbese cnenaH aHanH3 13 o6pa3lllll 1 nx anKanaKCKoro YepHo3eMa, 51Bn51tow,eroc51 nponyKTOM Bbl" ' '1 iJ 111 taH H51 nonepHTOBbJX naB f\xanKanaKcKoro nnaTo . 8c51 HapaBHHHa, cnomeHHa51 6onbweto YaCTbto M3 .nonepH TO,,,.,;.. Jl a B, nOKpb!Ta MOW,HbiM . CJlOeM nponyKTOB BbiBeTpY!BaHY!51

' rq 1 1.1~1

1 11x

JlaB -menTOH

rnHHOH,

KOTOpaS! B nosepXH OCTHOH

YaCTYI

''' H'II npespaTMnacb, 6naronap51 o6MnbHOH paCTMTenbHOCTH,

II '1L'iJ II03eM.
llo OT3biBY npocp. illMMUTa 1) OTJlYIYHTeJlbHbie YepTbl axan1 .l JJ,JiiC I<OrO YepH03eMa 3al<ni0Ya!OTC51 B TOM, "'TO BbiCOXWaS! Ha
11r ' 'llyxe

3eMn51

o6pa3yeT

He

xpynKHe,

a c TpynoM paCTHpa-

'"' ' (Jt ecSJ s nopowoK KOMKM.

Cone pmaHMe B HeH rnHH03eMa 11 OKHCM mene3a oYeHb BbJ ' IJ ii O. npY! aHaJlY!3e Ol<a3anOCb:
a) nOTep51 rHnpaTHOH BOllbl npY! 110-150- 1 ,298/o

Lt) Opra HHYeCKMe sew,eCTsa + H 20 (ryMyc) -13,889/ o

c) MHHepa!lbHbJe COCTaBHbie YaCTYI
- 84,813/o
MYlHep anbHbie YaCTYI COCT051T 113:
Ot<YlCYI KanHSJ
(K 20)
,, HaTpa
(Na 2 0)
Yl3BeCTY!
(CaO)
, MarHH51
(Mg O)
,. MapraHu,a
(Mn 2 0 3 )
(Fe 20 3 )
mene3a
~

"

CPoccpopHOH KYlCnOTbi
CepHoi1 KMCnoTbi
XnopYl CToro HaTpa
ln YlH03eMa
OI<YlCYl TYlTaHa
KDeMHe3eMa

(P20 5)
(503 )

(NaCI)
(?1]203 )
(Ti02)

(SiO)
Bcero

1,561 %
0,962
1,520
2,657
0 ,129
6 ,334
0,135
0 ,0089

0,0375
. 23,384
0 ,245
. 47,840
. 84,813/ 0

') r . f\6vtx- r eonorHSl f\pMSJHCKoro HaropbSJ, 1902 1. CT p. 36- 37.

23

VIMeeTC51 11
rOpHOH

npyroi1 aHan13 nO'-IBbi f\xam<anaKCKOH Ha

paBHI1Hbi, np0113BeneHHbiH llOI<-pOM noHTIOXOBbiM 1).

ComacHo

np0113BeneHHOMY B BOeHHOMenmJ,I1HCKoi1 na6o

paTop1111 B TMq)Jli1Ce aHani13Y f\xant<anaKcKoro '-1epH03eMa, B351

Toro

Ha

BeC ero

n_one !'i!emny
OKa38JlC51

I.JaCTei1-ocTanocb
He paCTBOp111lOCb

r.

f\xan1<anat<11 11 Kap3axoM ,

2,226.

ynenbHbiH

1.000
819. B con51Hoi1 1<11CJlOTe pacTBop11JJOCb 33,5/o ~
66,5;o. rnaBHbiM11 COCTaBHbJMI1 '-laCT51MI1 Ol<a
paBHbiM

nocne np01<aJli1B8HI151

3aJJI1Cb:

. 50,030/o
. 23,3690/o
2,918/o
2,1610/o
2,000/o
1 ,422 /o
. 18,1090/o

necOK 11 t<peMHeBa51 1<11CJIOTa .

01<11Cb mene3a
VI3BeCTb
MarHI1H
HaTp11i1 11 t<an11i1 6onee
OpraHI1'-IeCKI1e sew,eCTBa
Kp11CTaJJJJI13aLJ,110HHa51 Bona .
JTI1 naHHbie
xapat<Tep11CTI1KY

JII1WHI1M

pa3 nOllTBepmnaiOT

naHHYIO HaMH

nO'-IB f\xant<anat<Ct<oi1 HaropHoi1 paBHI1HbJ, o6

pa30BaHHOH 113 6a3aJibTOBbJX naB.

IX. OfimaB taonKa reonorHqetKoro npoeHHB lxanKanaKtKoro yeJaa.

06o6W,a51 BCe BbJWeCKa3aHHOe, HaXOlli1M, '-ITO B OCHOBaHI111
scex Bbiweonl1caHHbiX
noponbi,

Hei<OTOpbie

113BepmeHHbiX nopon nemaT ocano'-IHbie

npencTaBMTenH KOTOpbiX B Bl1ne He6onb

WHX BblXOllOB Ha6JJIOllaiOTC51 TOJibi<O B norpaHI1'-IHblX 301-laX f\xaJJ

"

Hanat<ct<oro ye3na.
6naronap5111HTeHCI1BHblM lli1CJIOKall,I10HHblM 51BJJeHI15!M, B npe
nenax f\xant<anat<ct<oro

ye3na

pOt<l1e pa3JJOMbi, C6pOCbl,

neH151, scnencTBI1e
30M

o6pa3oBaJJI1Cb rny6ot<11e 11 Wl1

CllB11fVI 11 npyr11e TeKTOHH'-IeCKI1e SIB

'-lero 113 rny6ot<vtx Tpew,I1H, rnaBHbiM o6pa-

Mepvtlli10HaJJbHOfO 11 WvtpOTHOfO HanpaBJJeHI151 , Bb!WJII1 Ha

llHeBHYIO nOBepXHOCTb JJaBbl, I<OTOpble not<pblJII1 BeCb ye3ll CB011MI1

t<onoccaJJbHbiMI1

H3Jivt51HI15!MH.

Tat<oe 11306HJJHe synt<aHOB

1) H. H. noHTIOXOP - RxanKanaKCKI1H ye3n. MeAI1KO-aHrpononori1LJ .

O'lepK, 1892 r., Twjm11c. Crp. 7- 9.

24

11 1

<

! h ln t-IIHeJ1bHO He60J1bWOM npOCTpaHCTBe yKa3biBaeT Ha 3Ha-

'lll ll ' ll . ttbte

TeKTOHHYeCKHe npou.eccbi 11 Ha xapaKTep reonorl1-

CTpoeHI1Sl Axam~anaKCKoro ye3na.

.,,' 1w 1o

r! pemne

BCero,

11 i >O II:lO WJll1 Ha

"

11 ' ( I<OJlbK I1X

lll ll'l eC KI1e

, 1 .1 W M ,

syn KaHJ.1YeCKI1e

nepBOHaYaJlbHO

noS! sneHI1eM

11311 11SlHY1Sl

lli1CJlOKaiJ,J.10HHbiX Jli1H11SIX, 3aTeM

u.eHTpanbHbJX 11 OKpa11HHbiX

nponyKTbl

.l llllt' 'li1T OBbJX,

Byn-

YaCTSIX ye3na.

Bblpa311J111Cb, rnaBHblM

KBa pu.-TpaXHTOBbJX, Tpaxl1-aHne311TOBbiX ,

aHne311TO-TpaXHTOBblX, aHne3J.1TO-naiJ,HTOBbiX, p11-

ui iii10BbiX 1-1 B pell!<J.1X

11.1'

nOBI1lli1MOMY,

norpaHI1YHblX

cnyYaSIX JlHnapHTOBbiX J.1 naiJ,HTOBbiX na-

11 11x pa3HOBJ.1llHOCTSIX 11

nepexonHbiX

cocTOSIHHSIX.

HeKo-

I' 'I ' I .IX M eCTaX JlaBbl 3 TJ.1 . npenCTaBJleHbl B Bl1lle Jli-1T011llHblX no1 ">II

II

II.

I.

HaCTOsill.I,I1X

06CJ.1llJ.1aHOB,

WJ1aKOBI1llHbiX, nOp11CTbiX naB

Tonb t<O nocne noS!sneHI1SI 3 THX neTporpaHYeCI{I1X pa3HOIIIIII II OCrei1

lt.l ld 11 11Cb

s HeKOTOpbtX yyacTKax

TpaXI1-ll011ep11TOBbie _ naBbl.

XOll i1JlH

II) >!Ill(

AxanK'anaKCKoro nnaTo no-

OrpOMHi >t e ___J.1- ;-J111SIHI1SI

3a HHMI-1

HeOnHOKpaTHO

6a3anbTOBbiX

U1llKJ.1X naB

11 l l lllte n onep11TOB 11 aHaMe3HTOB ) , KOTOpbie 11 noKpb11l11 co6o i1

1111' 11 11

l:lC to HaropHytO YaCTb AxanKanaKCKOH paBHI1Hbi .

l(<> l' I 11e cp enH 6a3aJlbTOBblX

111

IIOJtbiMaiOT CSI

VI

Jl11Wb

113J111SIHI1H XOJ1MI1CTbiM11 OCTpOBKa-

OTlleJlbHble B03BbJWeHHOCTI1

11Jll1 rpS!llbl Tpa-

' 111 <lll t. I X nas oBbiX o6pa3osaHHi1.

1-locne nepBbiX riOBTOpHbiX
II I .IX

MOryYI1 X H3J111SIHHH

6a3aJ1bTO-

1/0t<pOBHbiX JlaB, riOBHll11MOMy, HaYanaCb CHJlbHBSI nestTeJJb-

lllli 11 , BYJlKaH OB Cr.IJeWaHHOfO Tl1na.

Bcn encT BHe
11 11 11 I I I.IJII-1
1<11

c11nbHbtX

Bbi6poweHbl

113 Kp<ner ros 3TH X synKa-

B3pbtsos

B o.rpOMHOM

"'

KOJli1YeCTBe

, I il i<-H a3 biBaeMble n11pO'!<J1aCTI1YeCKHe, pblXJlble MaTep11aJ1bl ,

11 llliJ i e

nenH TOBbiX 11 nenenbHbtX o6pa30BaHI1i1 , synKaHI1YeCKI1X

1-1

p 1o1xJ t b te

M aTe pHanbt, o6pa3osaswHe u.enbte TonwH s u.eHTpanb-

liOii

np.

pa3npo6neHHOH

11

taC TJ-1 f\xanKanaKCKOfO nnaTO,

paCnbtJ1eHHOi1

MaCCbl.

3nt

lll' CI<OIJ

f
I

6b1Jll1 BHOBb riOKpb!Tbl HO -

Il t .tM I-1 rtOf<pOBHbiMI-1 JlaBaMH 6a3aJlO.TOB- U OJlepHT.O B,

aHaMe311TOB

I II X pa3HOB I1llHOCT5!MI1.

3n1

o6pa30 Ba HHSI

llt' ll t panbHoi1

B HaCT05!ll.l,ee

BpeMSI

Ha6Jl!Olla!OTCSI B

YaCTI1 nna To , HaYI1 HaSI OT oKpecTHOCTei1 TaswaH -

25

Tana 11 no HanpasneHI11Q I< cesepy,

rne no6biBaeTCSI sym<aHI1-

YeCKI1H necoi< 11 rn11Ha nnSJ crpo11Te1lbHbiX uenei:1, no cen. XepT-

BYIC BI<niQYYITenbHO.
3TH syni<aHHYeCI<Yie

yw,enbSJX

Meni<YIX pbiXnbiX MaTep11anos,

c Meni<11MI1

MaTep11anaMI1,

OHH o6pa3y1Qr

p. TonapaBaH

pbiXnbie Bbi6pOCbi
a

11 ee np11TOI<OB

npencrasneHbi B BJ.tne

B yw,enbl1

p. Kypbi, Ha psllly

Ha6niQnaiQTCSI 11 KpynHbie;

Tycpo-I<OHrnoMepaTHbie

BMecre

11n11 Tycpo-6pei<YHeBvtn-

Hbie MOW,Hble TOJ1Ll.J,I1.

npeKpaCHbie ecrecrseHHbie

reonor11Yec1<11e pa3pe3bJ, o6-

Ha<eHHbJe B yw,enbSJX p.p. TonapasaH,

11 Kyp~,
BaHI1SI naB

Kblpx-6ynax, Kopx-Yaii

secbMa HarnSJnHo noKa3~BaiQT

f1

CBSI311 C 11HTeHCI1BHblMI1

synKaHHYecKoi1
CYHTaeM

3TY KapTHHY Yepeno-

pblXJlbiX Bbi6pOCHbiX MarepHaflOB.

neSJrenbHOCTbiQ

Heo6xoni1MbiM

Tei<TOHHYeCKI1MI1

S!BneH11SIMH H

B f\xani<anai<CI<OM

np11secn1

Hl1<e

ye3ne,

I<parKHe

Mbl

naHHbJe o

cei1CMH4eCKI1X S!BfleHHSIX 3TOfO ye3na.

X. [eHCMKqeKHe HBHHHH.
OrpoMHoe
ye3ne.

KOnHYecrso

BCflellCTBI1e CI1JlbHblX

S!BfleHHH,

eCTeCTBeHHO,

synl<aHOB,

npoSJsneHHbiX

TeKTOHHYeCI<HX

B 3TOM

llHCJlOKaLI,HOHHbiX

o6yCJlOBI1JlO B 3TO M ye 3ne

YaCTble H

Cl11lbHble 3eMJleTpS!CeHHSI.
6naronapS! HapyweHHOCTH 3eMHOH I<Opbl,
llHCflOLI,HpOBaHHOH

o6naCTH

He nepecTaiQT npOS!BnSJTbCSI.

CKo'~

ye3ne,

B 3TOH CHJlbHO

ceHCMHYeCI<He SIBJleHHSI

H Tenepb

BpeMSJ or speMeHH B f\xani<anai<-

I<aK 11 B cocenHeM c

HHM neHHHal<aHCKOM,

soo6w,e no sceMy f\pMS!HCI<OMY HaropbiQ,

na H

yyscrsyiQTCSI 6onee

HJlH MeHee HHTeHCHBHble CeMCMHYeCI<He I<One6aHHSI.

XoTSJ B HacroSJw,ee

speMSI

3eMnerpSJCeHHSI

3HaYI1TenbHO OCJla6enH B CBOeM HanpS!H<eHHH,

OTpHUaTb
He

TOfO,

npOS!BSITCSI B

YTO

CeMCMHYeCI<He

TOM

io111H

npyroV!

SIBJleHHSI

B 3TOM ye3ne
OllHaKO, He1lb3SI
3lleCb

60JlbWe

Mepe. 3To o6cTosnenbCTBO

yi<a3b1BaeT Ha TO, YTO npH CTpOHTenbCTBe B 3TOM ye3ne BCerna

11011H<Hb1 6biTb npHHS!Tbl
3T0Vr 06JlaCTH.

26

BO BHHMaHHe ycnOBHSI

CeVrCMHYHOCTH

H3 HCTopHYecKHX HCTOYHHKOB TOITbKO s lpy3HHCKOM

., K.apTnHc Uxospe6a" ynoMHHaeTCSI o CHITbHOM 3eMneTp5tCeHHH
s f\xam<anaKCKOM ye3ne, HMeHyeMOM ,)J,H<asaxeTHSI", 16 anpen SI 1088 r. HcTOp1151 CBHneTenbCTByeT o TOM, 4TO , nposanHITCSI
r op. TMOrBH ~ 1 ) , 11 4TO TaKoe CHITbHOe 3eMneTp5tceHHe nnHnOCb
u,enbiH ron 2 ) .
H3 HOB~i1wHx HCT04HHKOB, no naHHbiM KaTanora 3eMner p51CeHHi1 s PoccHH, B f\xanKanaKCKOM ye3ne B nocnenHeM cToneTHH 3aperHCTpHpOBaHbl

TOJlbKO CJlenyiOW,He 3eMneTpS!CeHH51 :

1850 r.-14 OKTS16p51-CJTa6oe COTp51CeHHe.

1853 r.-6 espan51 - TO H<e caMoe.
11363 r .-CHilbHOe 3eMneTpS!CeHI-1e ~1 ).
1868 r .-6 espan51 , 17 1-1 22 MapTa .
1898 r.- B H04b Ha 1 asrycTa-nOBOJlbHO CI-1JlbHOe .
1899 r . -19 neKa6p51 - KaTaCTpOcp1-14eCKOe'' ).
3eMneTpS!CeHI1e 1899 r. OXBaTHilO BCIO IOH<HYIO 4aCTb 3aKaBKa3bSI, HO Ha116011ee 11HTeHCHBHOe npOS!BI1eHI1e 3TOf O 3eMner p51CeHI151 11Cnbnan rop. f\xam<anaKH 11 era ye3n 5 ). H3 scex HaceneHHbiX MeeT Ha116onee nocTpananl-1 28 ceneHHH , pacnono}!{eHHbiX B cesepHOH 11 cesepO -BOCT04HOH 4aCTI1 f\xanKanaK< KOfO ye3na ,-B 6apaneTCI<OM , 6apeBaHCKOM 11 f\parBI1HCKOM
y YaCTKaX,-paCKHHYTbiX
CKOfO xpe6Ta .

no 3ananHOMY CI<JTOHY

3eMJTeTpS!CeHI1e " 1899 r . He orpaH114HJ10Cb

19 neKa6p51 , H B nepBbie nsa Mec51u,a 1900 r.
JJ I1 Cb n04TH eH<eUHeBHO.

f\6yn -(aMCap
OllHHM ynapOM
ynap bi ow.yw.a-

Cneu,11anbHO ycTaHosneHHbiH cei1CMI14eCKH H annapaT s

r . f\ xanKanaKH c Tex nop 3aperHCTp1-1poaan HeCKOITbKO 3eMner pS! CeHHi1 , HO 60J1bWHHCTBO 1-13 HHX 51Bn SIITOCb OT3ByKaM H 3eMne1) Pa 3san HHbi r op. TMorsH HaXOA51TC51 Ha ne soM 6epery Kypbi, Ha
r paHHI.\e f\xan KaJiaKcKoro ye3na.
2 ) 1-bs. KasK. reo r p. 06- s a , r. XV , cr p. 320.
'1) r . f\ 6Hx - reon o r H51 f\pM 51 HC KOro Haropb51, 1902 r ., crp. 15.
1) Tpynbi reonKOM a, HOBa51 cepH51, Bbin. 1; 1903 r . MarepHaiibi no
F l xaJI Kaii aKCKOMY 3eMIIer p51CeHHIO.
5) Yl3 B. K . r. 0 ., r . XIII, Bbin . 5, 11 T. XV .

27

TpS!CeHVIM,

VIMeBWVIX MeCTO

BHe f\xanKanaKCI<OfO ye3na.

S~sneHVIe Ha6monanocb VI s
CBSI3VI C neHVIHaKaHCKVIM

nocnenHVIe ronbi,

3TO

s oco6eHHOCTVI

3eMneTp51CeHVIeM.

XI. none~ nhi e H[ Konae Mhi e.

PynHble npoS!sneHH SI

6onbwei1

YaCTbiO

reHeTHLJ.eCKVI CBSI -

3a Hbl c synKaHVIYeCKVIMH SIBneHH>I MH. BynKaHVIYeCKVIe VI, s CBSI311i

C HVIMl1 ,

fVIDpO-XVIMVILJeCKVIe

6onbwy10 ponb

npou,eCCbl

npVI o6pa3oBaHVIVI

06b!KHOBeHHO Vlrpa!OT

pynHblX

Mecropo>f{neHHi1.

Ho Hosei1wVIe 3pynTVIBHbre S!BneHVISI s F\xanKanaKCKOM ye3ne 11:

soo6w,e

Ha F\pM>~HCI<OM Haropbe,

Bblpa3VIBWVIeC>~

VI3Bep>f{e-

H~1VI KOJ10CCaJ1bHOfO KOJ1VI4eCTBa aHne3VITOBbiX, TpaXVITOBblX, 6a3 aJ1bTOBblX VI llpyrVIX

HOBeMWVIX TVInOB

He 6brnVI conposo>f{neHbl
Ha VI306VInVIe

synKaHVIYeCKVIX nopon,

pynHblMVI npoS!sneHVI>IMVI.

npopbrsos synKaHI1Yecr<VIX nopon,

HVIrne He scrpeYaiOTCSl

none3Hbre VICKonaeMbre.

VI31111SlHVISl synKaHVI'-leCHVIX naB B HeCKOJlb-

3TI1 orpOMHble
KVIX Mecrax TOJ1bi<O

HecMOTp5!

s 3TOM ye3ne

conposo>f{naJOT C5f o6cVInHaHOM

VI

neM3ono-

no6HoiO na BOIO , 06bii<HOBeHHO CBSl3aHHbiMJ.1 C Hl1Ml1.

nl1TOl1IlHbiE'
06CH/IHaHbl.

re, oco6eHHO
llOBOJlbHO
sane

o6Cl1lll1aHOBb l e

npOS!BJleHVISI'

yacro scrpeYaiOTCSI Ha CaMcap - F\ 6 yncHOM xpe6Ha MoHp brx fopax.

3Ha4VI TeJ1bHOM

Vl3 ,[l,yxo6opbS1 s

Ho r;acro>~w,Hi1 o6cHnVIaH

KOJ1VI4eCTBe

Ll,anKVI,

BCTpeyaeTC>I

6nVI3 sepwvtHbl

s.

Ha nepe-

6VIKer-nar, K

cesepy or TonapasaHCKoro o3epa : BcnencTBVIe nanbHOCTVI 3TVIX

MeeT

or yno6Hb!X nyrei1 coo6w,eHVI>I ,

3a ne>f{VI

o6cVInVIaHa He

VIMeiOT npaKTVIYeCKOrO 3Ha4eHVISI.

60J1bWOe KOJ1114eCTBO
BynKaHMIIecKHe
wnaKH.

WJ1ai<OBVIllHblX pa3-

HOBI1llHOCTeVI aHne3VITOBbiX, rpaXVITOBblX, -TpaXVI aHne3VITOBblX, a Hlle3VI TO- na U,I1TOBbiX,

naU,I1TOBbiX lj pVIOJlVITOBblX

ynOM~HYTblX

Xpe6TOB.

nopon VIMeeTC51 Ha CKJlOHaX Bb!We-

neM30nono6Hble

pellKVI; HaCTOSIW,ei1 >f{e neM3bl,

u,enei1, He vrMeeTCSI .

28

11 VI na pV1TO-

naBbl

npVIrOllHOM

HeKorop br e

cpaBHVITeJ1bHO

llll>l npaKTVI4eCKVIX

npo51sneHHSI

neM3onono6Hbrx_

naB, scrpeLJaeMble B ye3ne, G1JlbHO oKpaweHbl 11 oLJeHb Tsepnbl.

D,ocTasneHHbiH nnSI aHaJ1113a o_6pa3et\, np11 11ccnenosaH1111 XHMI1KOM P. D,. KynU.11COM, noKa3an 1):
Bnar11, yneTyLJI1BaiOw,eHCSI np11

105 U .

. 0,80/o
. 2,350jo
. 78,80jo
2,55/o
. 1,48/o
. 5,73/o
. 6,57/o
. 0,90/o
. 0, 18/o
. 0 ,64 /o

noTep11 np11 npOKaJ111BaHI111

KpeMHe3eMa
(Si0 2 )

(CaO)
(MgO)
(111203)

0KI1CI1 KaJlbLI,I1SI
MafHI1SI
aJliOMI1HI1SI

(Fe 2 0a)
(FeO)
3aK11CI1 >f<ene3a
(P 2 0 5)
ocopa
0KI1CI1 KaJ111SI 11 HaTpa (K 2 0+Na 2 0)
H<ene3a

,lJ,ocrasneHHbiH

o6pa3eu, - nerKoseCHbiH,

H03npeBaTbiH

11

JlOBOJlbHO TBepnbiH.
KpoMe 3TI1X synKaHI1LJeCKI1X nponyKTOB, B
Tpenen.

HeKOTOpblX yronKax ye3na B 1130611Jll111 11MeiOT-

CSI 6eno(He>f<Hble ,
HI1LJe'cKI1x

seCbMa MenK0-3epH11CTble

Bb16pocos,

s s11ne 6enbiX

nponyKTbl synKa-

MyKoo6pa3HbiX

nennos,

I<OTOpbie 6b1Jll1 np11HS!Tbl 3a 11H<fJY30pHyiO 3eMJ110. npOS!BJleHI1SI

3TI1X OTJlO>f<eHI1H HMeiOTCSI B rop. Axan1<anaK11, 6nl13 RoeHHoro
roponKa, 11 Ha npasoH CTopoHe p. Kblpx-6ynax, OKono roponCKI1X nocrpoeK.

3necb nocpencTBOM

6enaSI CbinyLJaSI 3eMJlSI

He6onbWI1X

no6biBaeTCSI nyxo6opaMI1

BbleMOK 3Ta
113-non sepx-

HI1X CJlOeB nOLJBbl. ,/J,yxo60pbl pa3BOnSIT 3TY 3eMJ110 B MOJlOI<e 11

3TI1M MOJlOLJHbiM paCTBOpOM 6eJlSIT CBOI1 noMa
.BHyTpeHHeH CTOpOHbl.
Ta1<11e >f<e npoS!sneHI1SI scrpeLJaiOTCSI

cen.

Hl1>f<e

K11nbna 11 6nl13 ceneHHSI

Hapy<HOH 11

,!; >

B yw,enbH

Kopx, s paHoHe

p. Kypbl,
wocceM-

:HOM nopor11.
RHaJ1113bl 3TI1X nopon, 11CBeCTHbiX non
30p11T", npovl3seneHHble XI1M11HO,M

Ha3BaHHeM ,11H<fJy-

Yl. ,lJ,. Kynu.11coM B 1926 r.,

nan11 cneny10w,11e pe3ynbTaTbJ:

1)

11. ,[1,. Kynt.\HC- PeJynbTaTbi Hccne.uosaHHll ,neM3bi" H3 f\xanl<anat<

<I<Oro yeJ.ua, 1926 r. (pyKOnHCbJ.

29

On<yna B35lT o6pa3eU,

ero xapaHTep

ConepmaHHe cpenHei1 npo6bl

5,55 o;o
6,45
78,00
3,25
0,23
4,65
0,90
0,67
0,0018 "

BnCirH npH 105C

noTep5l npH npOHaJJHBaHHH
KpeMHe3eMa
(Si0 2)
0HHCH men e3 a
(Fe20a) '
3aHHCH H<eJJe3a .
(FoO)
0HHCH aJJIOMHHH5l .
(A 120a)
01<HCH HaJJbUH51
(Cao)
0HHCH MarHHII
(~lgO)

( P20s)

<Poccpopa .

"

np11 MHKpOCI<OnHYeCKOM HCCnen08aHHH, npH

8

420

pa3, 8 nep80M 06pa3U.e

1,56 o;o
4,30
91 .60
0,13
0,75 "
1,02
0,44
0,05
0,0033 ..

0,20 jl/o
4,40
94,24
0,13
0,17
0.21
0,38
0,09
0,004

06HapymeHbl

y5enHYeHH W

OCKOnKH

K8apu.a

11 HeKOTOpbie 48CTI14KI1 nHaTOM080H CTpyKTYPbl 8 o6w,eH Macce .

me

np11 Hccneno8aHI1H

nocnenHI1X

MHKpOCKOnOM, name npH y5enHYeHHI1

n5yx

960

o6pa3U.08

pa3, He

non.

06Hapy-

meHO HHK8KHX 11Hcpy30pHbiX CKeneT08.

Bee 3TH o6pa3o8aHH51

518n51IOTC51

nponyKTOM

5ynKaHHYe--

CKHX 8b16pOC08, OTHOC51W,HXC51 I< l<eTerOpH51M rOpHbiX nopon, 113-

8eCTHbiX non Ha388HHeM ,Tpenen".

rnHHbl.

u.enbiO

8bi51CHeHH51

npencTa8neHHOH

xapaKTepa

113 oKpeCTHOCTeH

rnHHbi ,.

cen . HaKa --

naKe811, 8 CMbiCne ee orHeynopHOCTH, XHMHKOM Kynu.HCOM 6bi n

np01138eneH XHMHYeCKHH

8H8nl13

3TOH

rnHHbl. f\H8JIH3

pymHn:
Bnam

3,70/o
4,05 ,
(Si0 2) 62,80 ..
(A l 2 03 ) 12,50 ,
(Fe 2 0 3 ) 7,52 ,
(Fe0 ) 0,85 ,
(Mg0) 0,10 ,
(K 20+Na 20) 8,47 ,

noTepH npH npOK8MI88HHI1

KpeMHe3eMa
fmtHo3eMa
3aKHCH mene3a
0KHCH KanbU.H51
0KHCH MarHI151
0KI1CH KanH51 11 MarHH51

30

06Ha -

.IJ,oCTasneHHbiH o6pa3eu,-6nenHo opaHmesoro u,seTa, nerKO KpOWI1TC51, Ha OLUynb H<eCTKOCTI1 He '-IYSCTsyeTC51.

KaK S111lHO 113 scex aHaJ11130S, see SbiweonHcaHHbie nponyKTbr He HMeiOT npOMblWJleHHOfO 3Ha'leHJ.1SI.

XII. [TPDHTeBbHble MaTePHanbl.

CnenyeT ynoMstHYTb TaKme o opo1nenbHbiX

MaTepHanax,

KOTOpbiMH 1130611llyeT f\xanKanaKCKI1i1 ye3n. Ho see OHH HMeiOT

'-IHCTO MeCTHOe 3Ha'leHI1e. ,lJ,n51

MeCTHbiX

Kan!HaJlbHbiX

H<eHHH oco6eHHO '-!aCTo ynoTpe6n5110TCst cneny10w,11e

COOpy-

3 s11na 113-

sepmeHHbJX nopon.
6yTOSble 1<8MHI1 f10'-ITI1 scex 1lOMOS rap.
f\xanKanaKI1 S351Tbl 113 Kapbepos TaswaH-Tanbi.
norne1lHI1H pacnOJlOH<eH S 1 1/ 2 sepCTaX K IOfO-

Tpai!HT H3 ropbl
TaawaH-Tana.

BOCTOI<Y OT rop. f\xanKanal<l-1

B Bl11le

1130!111pOSaHHOfO

KpaCI-1-

BOfO Kynonoo6pa3Horo xonMa 1 ).

ToHKHH Willi, np11rOTOSJleHHbiH
reHe, 113secTHoi1

s repMaHI111, B feTHIH-

,Voigt & Hochgesang ", noKa3bJsaeT

11pMoi1

non M11KpocKonoM M11Kponi1TOsyiO cTpy1nypy . OcHosHaSJ Macca

COCTOI1T 113 MHOH<eCTsa MeJ1J:<I1X Ta6Jli1T'-18TbiX Kp11CT8J1J111KOB Ca HI11l11Ha, cpen11 I<OTOpblX Bbl1leJ15110TC51 6onee KpynHble 1<p11CTaJ1Jlbl

6HOTI1Ta, porosoi1

o6MaHKI1

11

caH111li1Ha-xapaKTepHhii1

1<p11CT8J1Jl 1lllSI TpaXHTa.

3Ta

nopona

seCbMa

pacnpoCTpaHeHa s

f\xanKanaKcKoM ye3ne s s11ne aHaMe311Ta 11 nonep11Ta. nepSbiH 6onee

TeMHOrO

U,SeTa, MellK03epH11CTOrO xa-

paJ:<Tepa , KOMnaKTHbiH, 11HOrna nop11CTbiH .

.IJ,onep11T-6onee cseTno-ceporo u,seTa, KpynHo-3epH11CTbii1,

ner'-!e nonnaeTC51 o6TeCKe, J.1Horna nop11CTbii1.

Ha

noopoi11<11

11nyT, rnaBHbii\1

J18Bbl, 1<81< Hal16onee neri<O

o6pa3oM, nonepHTOSbJe

f101l1l810W,I1eCSJ

o6pa60TKe. no'-ITH

see 6aJanbTbl f\xanKanaKCKoro yeJna conepmaT OJ111SV.H.

ToHKHi1

wn11, np11roTosneHHbii1

BbJWeynoMSJHYTOH
yw,enb51

11pMOH, 113

p. TonapasaH,

s feTTI1HreHe

o6pa3U,a, B351TOfO

HenocpenCTseHHO

6mn

Ha

Toi1

me

KpaiO

ropona, non

1) My wKeTOB Yl. B. - (J:JH3 HYeCI< a~ reon or1-151, T. II, 1903 r., CTp. 188.

31

MHKpoCI<OnoM

noJ<a3biBaer Macey

KpHcrannos

nnarHOI<na3a-

na6pa.uopa. KpoMe roro, Bbr.uemr10rcsr 4aCrH KpHcrannHKOB asrHra, KpacHosaro-6yporo u.sera, MarHenua 11 pe.uKo KpHcranJlbi OJlHBHHa. nopo.ua :na np11411CJ1SieTCSI I< 6a3aJ1bTaM. HeKoTOpble noMa B f\xanKanaJ<ax noCTpoeHbi u.enHKOM 113 6a3aJlbTa
( .uonep11ra).
non :HHM Ha3BaHHeM I<J1aCC11cp11U.HpyerCSI
KpaCHbiH l<aMeHb, np11B0311MbiH 113 OKpeCTHOCTeH cen. Kapr111<aM. KaMeHb :nor 11.uer, rnaBHbiM o6pa30M ,
nnsr o6m1LJ.OBI<I1 nsepei.1 11 OI<OH, a ra1<>1<.e .ansr KapHH3a. KonoHTpa~CH-auAe3HTbl.

Hbi I<OJlOI<OJlbHI1 f\pMSIHCI<OH u.ep1<BI1 r. f\xan1<aJ1a1<11 C.UeJJaHbl 113

:noi.1 noponbl. 0Ha nemo nonnaercsr o6recKe 11 11Meer Kpaci1BbiH KpacHo-po3oBaTbiH u.Ber. KaMeHb 3ror noBonbHO nopor,
ra1< 1<a1< np11B0311rcsr cpaBHHrenbHO H3naneKa. ~3 KapbepoB
cen. Ka pr111<aM MO>I<.HO nony411Tb KYCKI1 mo6oi.1 BenH411Hbl.
Wnwp, np11rorosneHHbiH B ferri1HreHe , non M11KpocKonoM
noKa3biBaer MHKponr-nHyiO crpy~<rypy. B o6w,ei.1 Macce Bbr.ueJlSIIOTCSI KpynHble 1<pHCTaJJJlbl nnari10I<Jla3a 11 CaHI1llHHa 11 MeJJI<f1e KpHCTaJlJlbl aBn1Ta H CJliOllbl. nopo.ua 3Ta np114HCJ15leTCSI I<
rpax:vno-aHne3HraM. 0Ha HMeer 6onbwoe pacnpocrpaHeHf1e 1<
3ana.uy or cen. KaprHKaM.

e C K H.

ye3.ue

411CTbiX pe4HbiX neCI<OB B f\xanl<aJJai<CI<OM

He BCrpe4aercsr , 3a HCI<Jll04eHHeM He-

6onbWI1X cKonneHI1H s pycne p. Kypbl, s pai.1oHe cen. XeprBI1C.

,IJ,nsr nocrpoe1< B rap. f\xanKanaKH ynorpe6nsrercsr synKaHI14eCI<I1H necoK, npe.ucraBneHHbiH B 3TOM ye3.ue B H30611Jll111.
BbiWe 6brno yKa3aHo, 4TO noc:ne 113J111SIHI1SI 6a3anbTOBbiX
naB Hacryn11n 113BeCTHbiH nep11o.u, 1<orna H3J111SIHHe 6a3aJJbTOBbiX naB npe1<paTI1JlOCb, 11 Ha4aJll1 .aeHCTBOBaTb Hei<OTOpble
U.eHTpbl rpaXHTO-aH.Ue311TOBbiX BYJJI<aHOB, paCnOJJO<eHHbiX B
6n113ne>~<.aw,11x

1< rop. f\xanKanaKH paHOHax. BynKaHI14eCI<HH

U.eHrp 3TOT, OOBH.UI1MOMy, Tl1na CTpOM60J111, np0113Be.USI .UOBOJlbHO CI1JlbHble B3pb1Bbl, Bb16paCbiBaJ1 MHOrO pblXJlbiX npO.UYI<TOB.
60JlbWaSI 4aCTb >1<.11.UI<OH MarMbl, 06bii<HOBeHHO CI1JlbHO 113MeJ1b
4aSICb, BCJ1e.UCTBI1e B3pb1BOB Bbi6paCbiBaeTCSI 113 Kparepa Bynl<aHa s BH.ue Menb4al.1wei.1 nbrneo6pa3HOH MaCCbl nenna 11
neCKa, COCTOSIW,11X 113 MeJli<HX OCI<OJli<OB 3aCTblBWeH naBbl. ne32

n en YaCTO llOKpbiBaeT orpOMHOe npOCTpaHCTBO, 11HOr.ua B BI1.Ue

s ecbMa MenKe~ ~yKoo6pa3HO~ 6eno~ Mace~.
nenen 11 neCf<l1 3aYaCTYIO Yepe.Uy!OTC51 OT.UeJ1bHbiM11 MOW.H biMI1 CJ10SIMI1.

3TO SIBJ1eHI1e Ha6niO.UaeTCSI B ueHTpa11bHOH Ya-

CTI1 ye3.ua. Mow.Hbie cno11 11x nof<OSITCSI Han 6a3anbTOBbiMI1 nas aMH.

3TI1 OTJ10>KeHI1SI BllOCJ1e.U.CTBI111 6biJ111

H 3Jli1SIHI1SIMI1 6a3aJ1bTOBbiX naB.

llO!<pbiTbl

~OBbJM11

)J,eHy.UaUHOHHble npoueCCbl o6 -

H apy>KI1J111 BnocnencTBI111 11x MOI..UHbJe cno~-1 B yw.enbH p.p. TonapaBaH, Kblpx-6ynaxa,

cen.

TaBLllaHTall11HC!<oro xonMa.

!<anaKH,

. HHSI ,

nonolliBbi

ceBepHoro no.uHO>KbSI TaBwaH-Tanbi OT!<pbiTbl u.enbie

Kapbepbl
0Cf<OJ1f<OB

)J.I1J111Cf<H, Kopx-YaSI 11 y

)J,nSJ CTp011TenbHbiX u.enei1 r. f\xan-

3TI1X BYJ1I<aHI1YeCf<I1X neCKOB,

6onee

I<HCJlbiX naB

COCTOSILl.\HX 113 MeJ1I<I1X

J111TOH.UO-CTeKJ10BI1llHOrO

OTKy.ua, rnaBHbiM o6pa30M ,

CJlO>Ke-

3TOT BYJ1I<aHHYeCf<l1~ neCOI< 11

B03HTCSI. TaKo~ >Ke neco1< npHB0311TCSI Taf<>Ke 11 c 6eperoB o3epa Ta611u.xyp11.

XIII. raaporpamaH AxanKanaKKoro yeJaa.

H11 o.uHa
nyeT CTOJlb

MeCTHOCTb

B npenenax 3a!<aBI<a3bSI, He 1130611-

60J1bWI1M I<OJ111YeCTBOM 03ep 11 11CTOYHHKOB, npen

CTaBJ1SIIOW.11X B COBOI<YilHOCTI1 .UOBOJlbHO BHYLll11TeflbHble BO.UHble

3 anaCbJ. 1<a1< F\xan~<anaf<Cf<H~ ye3n.

l11.Uporpa~I1SI 3TOrO ye3na

ero oporpa~He~

B TeCHO~ CBSI311 C

HaXO.UI1TCSI

11 reonori1YeCKHM cTpOeHI1eM.

ueHTpanbHO~ YaCTH

HOCTI1 B IO>KHO~ YaCTI1,

11 Ha rpaHI1uax ye3.ua,

cocpenoTOYeHbi

B oco6eH -

sonopa 3nenbHbie, no-

BOflbHO BbiCOKI1e xpe6Tbl, 11Me!OW.11e BeCbMa f<Jl YilHOe 3HaYeHI1e

.anSI r11nporpa~1-111

Bcero ye3na.

Ll,eHTpOM CI<OilJleHH SI

aTMOC~epHbiX OCaUKOB cny>KaT Tai<

Ha3biBaeMbie MoKpbie lopbl ,

3aTeM F\6yn-CaMcapcKHe ropbl 11

BOCTOYHaSI YaCTb 4anD.blpCI<OrO xpe6Ta . fnaBHbiM o6pa30M , OTCIO.Ua llOJlyYaiOT CB011 BO.Ubl
T Opbie

noBOflbHO

MHOrOYHCfleHHble 60J10Ta 11 Hei<O

~aYHTeflbHbJe

o3epa.

03epa - TonapasaH,

TyMaH-ren, ManaTana, 6yrnallieH 11 XaHYanbJ-o6pa3yiOT c6opHbie sonoeMbi nnSJ MHoroYHcneHHbiX PYYbeB,

peCTHbie

pa~OHbl ,

6oraTble

opowa10w.Hx oi<-

60J10THCTbiMI1 nyraMH.

33

06pa3oBaHHIO 3Ha4HTeJlbHoro '-lHCna o3ep B :noi1 o6nacn~:

cnoco6CTBOBanH, !<pOMe
JJOBHi1 , ew,e 11 ycnOBYISI

oporpacpH4eCI<HX 11 reonorH'-leCKH X ycI<JlHMaTH'-leCKHe.

BbiCOKoropHast o6naCTb

,Uyxo6opbS!, 3aKJlJ04eHHast Me>Hny

BbiWeOnHCaHHbiMYI rOpHbiMYI l.l,enSIMYI MepHnHOHaJl b HOfO 11 WHpOT HOrO

HanpaBJleHHSI.,

OTJlH'-laiOW,HeCSI

BeCbMa

OporeHH'-leCI<YIMYI ycnOBYISIMYI , SIBJlS!eTCSI

6 naronpHS!THblM I1

cryCTHTeJleM aTMOCcpep -

HOi1 BJlarH .
BcnencTBHe
yposHeM

MOpS!

HaCbiW,eHHbli1

3HalJHTeJl b HOi1
KJlHMaT

napaMH

B b iCOTbi

3necb
BOnbi,

:noi1

cypoBbii1.
OCa>HnaeT

MeCTHOCTH Ha n:.

Bo3nyx, 4pe3MepHO
1136biTOI< YIX B

nOlJTYI nOCTOSIHHbiX TyMaHOB, lJaCTbiX 0611JlbHbiX no>Hnei1 -

BHne
JleTOM-:

H CHerOB-311MOIO.
BcnencTBHe cyposoro I<JlHMaTa , cHer 3necb TaeT MenneHHO
na>He

Ha

nnoci<OCTSIX, B rny611He >He ropHbJX 6ano1< 3anep>HH-

saeTCSI 11 no

3.200

no3nHero JJeTa; c

MTp. BbiCOTbl,

CHer

sepwHH,

CXOnHT

nocTHraJOw,Hx

3.000.-

BCero JlYIWb Ha nBa-TpH Me -

CSILI,a.
Ha nnoci<OCTSIX

6ano1<

YepHo3eMHoi1
MYJO

3THX

BbiCOI<HX rap 11 B rny611He nonor11x

~<pyrnoe neTo He BbiCbixaeT snara, I<OTopaS! , scnenCTBHe

snaroHaCbiW,aeMoi:1 no'-lBbi, o6pa 3 yeT HenpoxonH -

rpS13h , a Hepeni<o 11 cnnowHbie 6onoTa,

MHO>HeCTBY

MeJli<YIX

60JlOTYICTbiX

B CBSI311 C 0611JlbHblMYI

pe4el<.

naJOw,He HCTOI<H

3TO

06CTOS!TeJJbCTBO ,

TyMaHaMH 11 lJaCTblMYI nO>HnSI MYI , 11 o6y -

CJlOBJlHBaeT Ha3BaHHe ,MO!<pblX lOp " . 6naronapS! 06HJ11110 BJla rH 11 OTCYTCTBHIO

neTHei1

>Hapbl , ropbl 3TH noi<p b iTH npe i< pac-

HbJMH nyraMH.
f\6yn-(aMCapc!<aSI rOpHaSI CYICTeMa, B OC06eHHOCTYI BOCT04 Hbli1 CI<JlOH ee, TaK>He SIBJlS!eTCSI apeHOi:1 nOCTOSIHHOfO cryw,eHHSI
aTMOCcpepHblX OCani<OB .
6opb6a B03nyWHbiX Te'-leHHi1 , np11HeCeHHbiX 113 npyrY1X o6 JlaCTei:1, B 3TYIX

ropHbiX

MeCTHOCTSIX ,

SIBJlSIIOW,YIXC51 l<al< 6bJ nH

acpparMOi1 YIJlYI

3arpani1TeJlbHOi1 CTeHOi1 ntf51

B03nyWHbiX Te'-le -

H~i1, I<OHlJaeTCSI cryw,eHHeM aTMOCcpepHbi X ocani<OB. f\TMOCcpep HaS!

BJlara

B o6na1<a .

34

non

BJlVISIHHeM

MeCTHbiX

YCJlOBH i:1

npeBpaw,aeTCSI

KpoMe oporeHHYeCKI1X,

KJ111MaTHYecKI1X ycnoa11i1, Ba<HYID

ponb 11rpa10T 11 reonori1YeCKI1e yc110BI1SI :noi1 o6naCTI1.

KaK

npaBI1JlbHO

OTMeYaeT

f\611x,

, CI1JlbHaSI cnoco6HOCTb

Bni1TbJBaHI1Sl anar11 6onbwe!D YaCTbiD MenKonopHCTbJX naB o6ycn oBnHBaeT

MHO}I{eCTBO

06HJ1bHbiX

I<JliQYei:J ,

I<OTOpble BbJXOllSIT

BHI13Y CI<JlOHa rop".

B

3TOM OTHOWeHI1H oco6eHHO BbllleJlSIIQTCSI Mo!<pble ropbl ,

SIBJ1SIIQW,11eCSI HaH60nee
BJlarH Ha
HI1eM

JOW,11x 3lleCb

naB,

cryCTI1TeJ1SIMI1

aTMocepHOH

BbiCOI<OM norpaHI1YHOM nnaTO, J.13BeCTHOM non Ha3Ba-

,IJ,yxo6opbS1.

CTbiX

CI1!JbHblMI1

KoH11rypal.I,I1S1 MeCTHOCTI1, o611n1-1e Bbmana-

aTMOCepHbiX

Ocf:llli<OB, CnOC06HOCTb MeJ1t<OnOp11-

nOKpb1BaiQW,11X CI<JlOHbl xpe6TOB 11 noBepXHOCTb paB-

HI1Hbl, 11HTeHCI1BHO Bni1TbJBaTb B ce6SI BJlary-sce 3TO o6ycnOBJ111BaeT np011CX0}1{lleHHe 6oraTbiX BOllOIQ I<J1104eH, BbiXOllSIW,I1X

nOllOWBbl CI<JlOHOB rop, 11 CKOnJ1eHI1e B I<OTJ10BI1HaX MHO}I{eCTBa

6onoT,

TpSI01H 11 o3ep.

06pa30BaHHIO
ye3ne

MHOr04HCJ1eHHbiX

cnoco6cTBOBanl1

03ep

B f\xant<aJlat<CI<OM

TaK}I{e BynKaHI1YeCt<l1e 11 TonorpaHYe-

CKI1e ycnOBHSI MeCTHOCTI1.

BbtCOt<He BynKaHHYeCKHe
nenbHbJe
SIHI1SIMI1

3pynn1BHble
3aropa}I{I1BaSI

uenH

l.l,eHTpbl,
l.l,eJlble

pSillOBbJX BynKaHOB 11 OT-

CBOHMH l:<OJ10CCaJ1bHbiM11 113111-1

yYaCTI<I1

BCTpe4HbiMI1 JlaBOBbiMI1

nOTOKaMI1, 06pa30BaJ111 pa3H006pa3Hble I<OTJ10BI1Hbl.

Bcnen 3a o6pa3oBaHI1eM 3TI1X KOTJ10BI1H, np11 HanH41111 BbJweonl1caHHbJX
6bJJ10 HaYaTbCSI
nanaSI

Ha

6naronp11SITHbiX

ycnOBI1H, ecTeCTBeHHO, ll0Jl}I{H0

HaKonneHI1e B HI1X BOllbJ. Bo3nywHbJe ocan1:<11,

CI<J10Hbl

3TI1X

rop B Bvllle fiO}I{fiSI

3T11X

BbJBaJ111 o3epa.

HeManoBa}I{HYID pon b B HaKonneHY!I1 BOllbJ CbJ

r pa1111 11

3anpy}l{eHHblX naBaMY!

11 CHera, CTeKaJlY!

BHY!3 11 Ha llHe

o6pa30BaBWHeCSI

KQii'J10BI1H o6pa30-

MHO f OYY!CJl eHHble 11CT04HI1!:<11 , ni1Ta -

!O W,He 3H1 03epa.

A. 0 CJ epa.
Bee o3epa

f\xanKanaKCKoro

y e3na Mory T 6bJTb OTHeceHbJ

I< TY!ny nJ10T I1 HHblX, T.-e. np011CXOll5lW,l1X OT 3 arpa}I{UeHI1SI JlaBOB biX nOTO!:<OB.

35

03epa 3TI1 , BHaYane He nocr11ra10W,11e 6onbWI1X pa3Mepos, noCTeneHHO yseni1YI1BaJ111Cb, 11 yposeHb B HI1X nOBbiwancst
no rex nap, noi<a He ycraHOBI1nocb pasHosecHe Memny I<OJ111YecrsoM ni1TaiOW,I1X 3TI1 03epa BOn 11 I<OJ1114eCTBOM 11Cnap11BWeHCS! sonbi. B HeKOTOpbiX cnyYaS!x nosepxHOCTb 03epa no.UbiManacb HaCTOJlbi<O, "'TO OHO Ha411HaJlO 113Jlf.1BaTb J111WHIOIO
sony 3a npenenbi KOTJ10BI1Hbi 11 o6pa30BbiBano, TaKI1M o6pa30M, He3Ha411TeJ1bHYIO peYKy. nocnenH5151, nOCTeneHHO yrny6mi51
csoe nome npV! BbiXone , TeM caMbiM Bbi3biBana noHV!meHHe
ypoBHS! o3epa. K YV!cny rai<VIX o3ep np11HannemaT: TonapasaH,
TyMaHren, Manarana, 5yrnaweH 11 XaHYanbi.
Heo6xon11Mo 3aMeTHTb, '-ITO yposeHb 3TI1X o3ep nonH5IJ1C51
scnencTBI1e noCTeneHHoro HapaCTaHI151 11 nonH5ITI1SI nHa o3epa
3a C4eT npHHeCeHHbiX nOTO"'HbiMI1 BOllaM11 HaHOCOB BO BpeM51
nomnei1 VI TaSIHV151 CHeros c OKpymaiOw,V!x CKnOHOB rop, a TaKme
HaHocaMV! peYeK, snana10w,11x B 3TH o3epa. HapaCTaHI1e nHa
o3ep coCTaBnS!eT 51BneHI1e, npononma10w,eecS! nocr05IHHO, 11 3TO
o6cT051TenbCTBO cnoco6CTsyeT o6paw,eHHIO ero snocnencTBV111
s 6onoTo V1J1H Bbi3biBaeT name cosepweHHoe ero BbiCbiXaHMe.
03epa f\xanKanaKci<oro nnocKoropbS! npenCT<lBJlS!IOT pa3Hbie CTyneHI1 o6pa30BaH V151 11 pa3BV!Tf.151. HeKOTOpbie naBHO yme
BbiTeKnl1 11 V!C4e3nl1. Cnenbi TaKHX He6onbwl1x, HO MHoroYI1CneHHbiX 03ep Ha6niOnaiOTC51 B pa3HbiX MeCTaX nnOCI<OrOpb51,
B oco6eHHOCTI1 B )J,yxo6opbe,- B pai1oHe Memny cen. 5ornaHOBKOH 11 r. f\xani<anai<I1, a TaKme Memny cen. KyMypno 11 r.

F\xan Kana 1<11

11 T. n.
HeKOTOpbie npyr11e o3epa, He 11Me51 croKa, oCTaiOTC51 B 3aM-

KHYTbiX KOTJ10BI1Hax, Kai<, Hanp11Mep, o3epa npV! cen. OpnosKe,

BaYV!aH, Xo3ani1H, Ta611u,xyp11, f\6yn-ren VI npyr11e MenKI1e o3epa Ha f\6ynCaMcapCI<OM xpe6Te .
HaKoHeu,, HeKoropbie o3epa ocso6omnaiOTC51 oT 11,3J111WHei1
BOnbi np11 nOMOW,11 BbiTeKaiOW,11X 113 HHX peYet<; TaKOBbl 03epa:
TonapasaH, TyMaH-ren, ManaTana 11 XaH48J1bi.
3ro o3epo nemHT s )J,yxo6opbe , s ce03epo TonapasaH.
BepO-BOCTO'-IHOM yrny f\xanKana I<CI<O f O ye3na ,
B I<OTJlOBHHe, CO BCeX CTOpOH OKpymeHHOH BbiCOKI1MI1 ropaMV! :
c

3ananHoi1

36

cropoHbl-T51HYW.11MC51

snonb

3ananHbiX 6eperos

03epa xpe6roM CaMcap-f\6yn, uocrHra!OW,I1M Hai1BbiCwei1 TOYJ:<H

3.300 MTp. (6onbill0H f\6yn),

VI C BOCTOYHOH CTOpOHbi-MOKpbl-

MH ropaMI1, ilOCH1ra!OW,HMI1 2.514,2 MTp. (,lJ.asa-KpaH). ( cesepa KOTflOBI1Ha 3aMb1KaeTGI u,enb!O He60flbWHX B03BbJWeHHOCTei1, coenHHSI!OW,I1X MoKpble ropbl c f\6yn-CaMcapCKOi1 CI1CTeMOi1. 03epo To!lapaBaH c ero 3epKanbHOi1 nosepxHOCTb!O, 3aW,I1W,eHHoe c rpex cropoH 6onbwoi1 nyroi1 ropHbiX BbJCOT, 11Meer

2.075,5 MTp. a6c. BbiCOTbl Hail ypoBHeM MOpS!. npH6pe>t<HaSI

nonoca , nocreneHHO

noBbJWaJOW,aSICSI reppacaMH, 6orara51 ny-

r aMH, Cl1nbHO crecHeHa pa3pyweHHOi1 OCbJnb!O: c 3ananHoi1

cropOHbi--rpaxi1TOBbiX, a c BOCTOYHoi1 cropoHbJ-aHne3HTOBbiX
nopon H 11X pa3HOBI1ilHOCTei1. ( 3ananHOH CTOpOHbl pa3BHTbl
cserno -cepbi e rpaxHTOBbJe H nHnapHTOBbie KopeHHbie noponbi
CHCTeMbl f\6yn-(aMCap, a C BOCTOKa-aHne311TOBble pa3HOBYiil
HOCTI1 H HX nepexonHbie o6pa3oBaHH51 . Cyn51 no n51TI1BepcrHoi1
Kapre rnasHoro wra6a, o3epo TonapasaH 11Meer npononrosaryJO cpopMy, 11 Hal16onbWa51 nm1Ha ero B HanpasneHHI1 c cesepa Ha !Of npOCT11paeTCSI OKOnO 9 1/ 2 KnM., a B LUHp11Hy - OKO
no 5 KflM. 11 3aHHMaeT OKOnO 36 KB- KnM. npOCTpaHCTBa.
no naHHbiM Kaspai1CKOro, 113yYaswero :no 03epo B 1901 r. 1 ) ,
,rny6HHa 03epa BeCbMa He3Ha4HTenbHaS!, B Ol:06eHHOCTI1 B Ce BepHOH YaCTH, rne co cropOHbi cen. PonHOHOBKI1 KynaJOw.v.ec51
Moryr npOXOUI1Tb nOYTH Ha BepCTy OT 6epera. rny6>t<e BCero
o 3epo, Hao6opor, K JO<HOMY 11 JOro-3ananHoMy 6epery, HO 11
3necb rny611Ha He 6onee 5 apw . (3,356 Mrp.), a rny6HHa B 6
apw. (4,267 Mrp.) 51Bn51erc51 penKOCTbJO. Boo6w.e or 6epera no
HH<eHHe nHa Hner secbMa MenneHHO".
,8eCHOH 03epo 11ME.eT ypoBeHb BOilbt Ha
we oceHHero".

2-3 YeTBepTH Bbl

,Boo6w.e or 6epera nOHI1<eHHe .nHa 11.uer secbMa Menn eHHO. ,lJ.HO y 6epe r a neCYaHoe, a Ha HeKOTOpOM paCCT051HI1H
or 6epe r a Ha411Haerc51 ronKHi1 cepbiH Hn. Ha.no, snpoYeM, cKa3aTb, YTO H y caMoro 6epera o3epa, npH necYaHOM nHe, 51Bn51eTc51 MeCTaMI1 TeMHblVt 11nOBaTbiH HaHOC, KOTOpblH 11HOrna na<e
1) <t>. <t>. Ka s pai1Clu1l'1- 0 r Yer o P.OMaHn Hpo si<e ,un11 H3yYeYI15! p. K y pbi 11 03e p TH<j:>ni1CCKoi1 ry 6. 1901 r. Becn111H Pbi6onpoM. N2 7- 1J 33
1901 r.

37

Ha 6epery o6pa3yer napanneJibHbiK 04epraHI1fO 6epera BaJIHK

B 3-4 Bepw. (14-18 CaHT.) Bb!COTOK; 3TOT HaHOC COCT011T 113
Ka1<11x-ro Bonopocnei1 11 ocraTKOB MeJIKHX paKoo6pa3HbiX. Bona
B o3epe He oco6eHHO npo3pa4Ha51, 6yposaroro u,sera 11 cosepweHHO npecHa51. MyrHOCTb BOnbt 3aBI1C11T or sonHeHHS!, KoTopoe Ha 3Ha411TeJibHOK rny611He MO}I{eT nonHI1MaTb 1111 co nHa;
311MOH }l{e, I<Orna BOna yCT011TC51 non JibnOM , OHa COBepWeHHO
npo3pa4Ha51. B reniroe BpeM51 Bona HarpesaeTC51 nosonbHO CI1JibHO 11 np11TOM , 6naronapSt MeJIKOCTI1 03epa, He TOJibKO y noBepxHOCTI1 , HO 11 Ha nHe. Ta1~ , Hanp11Mep, 20 asryoa, HeCMOTp51
Ha TO, 4TO yrpOM 6b!Jl MOp03 11 BOna B Benpax 3aMep3Jia Ha
1/2 sepwi<a 11 no611no BeCb xne6 , B o3epe B 4 Yaca nH51 y 6epera (np11 conHe4HOM ocsew,eH1111) 6btno+ 19 C. 1 ) , no cepen11He
03epa Ha OOBepXHOCTI1 15, a B 11Jiy, B3S!TOM cpopeneBCI<I1M BenepKOM c rny611Hbi 3-4 apw., 13-14".
CornaCHO naHHbiM 113biCI<aTeJibHOK napT1111 r.3T'a (1927 r'.),
sonHaS! nnow.anb o3epa paBH51eTCS! 36,68 KB. I<nM.
rny611Ha 03epa I<OJie6neTCS! Me}l{ny 2,4- 2,8 MTp. Mai<CI1MYM
rny611Hbi-2,80 MTp., MI1HI1MYM - 0,70 MTp .
B o3epe Bona B TI1XYfO norony nonynpo3pa 4Ha S!, a BO
BpeMS! Berpa 11 no}l{nS! - CI1JlbHO MYTHaSt.
nnoCI<Oe nHO 03epa nOI<pbiTO 11JIOM, TOJibi<O cesepO-BOCT04HaS! 6eperoBaSt Yacrb o3epa nec4aHI1CTaS! .
BoKpyr o3epa pacnono}l{eHbi: B cesepHoi1 4acr11-cen . TaM6 oBI<a, B BOCT04HOH- Poni10HOBKa , B fO}I{HOi::i - nor a, a B 3ananHoi::i-Bnani1M11pOBKa 11 He6onbwoi::i nocenoi< f\ccpapa.
03epo TonapasaH cny}I{I1T sonoc6opH biM sonoeMoM nJ151
MHOr0411CneHHbi X pyYbeB 11 arMoccpepHbiX noro4Hbi X so.a, c6er af0w,l1x c BHyrpeHHHX CI<JlOHOB oKpy}l{afOW,I1X o3epo rap. Bee
OHI1 neroM BbiCbiXafOT, 3a 11CI<Jlf04eH11eM py4eHI<a K11px-6ynax,
11n11, 1<a1< era Ha3biBafOT, p . , Yaw1<a " , 6epyw.ei1 csoe Ha4ano
113 po.aHI1l<OB Ha CI<IlOHax CaMcapCKI1X rop. KpoMe p. K11px-6ynax, B o3epo , B 3ananHoi::i 4aCTI1 era, Bna.aaer Macca I<Jlf04ei::i:
Me}l{.ay cen . TaM6osKa 11 f\ccpapa 11MeercS! 6onee 20 ponHI1l<OB,
1) B oJepe, 6mn snaneHH5l XOJ!OllH b!X po,ll,HH KO B, Te Mnepa Typ a HHorn a
6billa He Bb!We 6- 7o.

38

n osonbHO

BHYWHTenbHbiM ne6HTOM

son.bi.

HecKOilbKO non-

1\0 flH biX Kili01.J_ei:1 BbiXOD.~T s 6eperosoi:1 nonoce o3epa Ha yYaCTKe

~~e >Kny cen. f\capa 1-1 Bnan.HMHpOBKoi:1.
Ha :noM >Ke yyacTKe s o3epo snanaer uenaSl cepHSl xoIOD.H biX pon.HHKOB. 0Kono cen . BnanHMHposKa BbiXOD.stT He6onb11 1H e pon.HHKH. He6onbwoi:1 pyyeeK snanaer TaK>Ke y cen . PoIIHOHOBKH.
no D.aHHbiM K.aspaHCKOrO, TeMneparypa pOD.HHKOB B pai:1' 11 1e cen . TaM60BKH pasHa

4 C.

B 03epe BOD.SlTCSl: ca3aH (Cyprinus carpio L.), xpaMyilSl (Capo eta fundulus Pall), ronaBilb (Squalius turcicus De Fil), yKnei1Ka (F\1I> ll rnu s fasciatus Nord), openb (Salmo ]acustrus L. var.) 11 H3penKa
IIO nanaeTCSl ycay (Barbus caucasicus Kessl) 1) .

c IO>KHOH CTOpOHbl 03epa Tonapasa H, y cen . nora, Bbi1e t<a eT nosonbHO 6onbWaSl peYKa non reM >Ke Ha3BaHHeMI o napaBaH - H Ha npOTSl>KeHHH 12,5 KJlM . TeYeT B IO>KHOM Ha11 p aBJleHHH Me>Kny CaMcapcKHMH 1-1 MoKpblMH ropaMH, no ny1o soi:1 . MecraMH 6onorHcroi:1 nonHHe, orpaHHYeHHoi1 nonorHMH
' t< JJ OHaMH rop. CHa1.Jana OHa npope3hiBaer KaMeHHCTYIO rpSlny,
o1 3areM TeYeT no wHpoKoi1 nonHHe
c He3Ha1.JHTenbHbJM yKnoIIO M. WHpHHa pycna y cen . nora OKOilO 15 MTp.

y cen. raHn3a P TonapaBaH BXOD.HT B Herny6oKoe yw,enbe .

! Ia 3TOM y1.JaCTKe OHa, npHHHMaSl B ce651 MHOfO ponHHKOB,
1\I IOBb BCTynaeT B WHpOKYIO nOilHHy, KOTOpaSl KOHYaeTCSl 03ei>O M TyMaH-ren, ne>KaW,HM Ha BbiCOTe 1.997,4 MTp. Han yposIIC M MOpst, r.-e. Ha 78 MTp. HH>Ke, 1.JeM o3epo TooapasaH.
_.,:,

OJ e po Ty~o~aH - ren.

,lJ.nHHa :noro 03epa OKOilO 3 KJlM. V1 WHpHHa-1 - 2 KilM . BonHa st nnow,anb paBHSleTC51

i.fi6 KB. KilM.

03epo TyMaH-ren, HilH, KaK ero HHa4e Ha3biBaiOT, CaraMo,
1\ ('CbMa cxonHo c 03epoM TonapasaH. Tor }l{e xapaKrep OKpyl< <~ to w,Hx nopon J.1 Ka1.JeCTBO BOD.bl.
0HO He SlBilSleTCSl KparepII I.I M o3epoM, KaK 3TO nonaraer s csoeM rpyne npo . MywKe1
) ctJ. ct:>. KaspaficKHH - OT'-!eT o KO MaH,ll.HposaHHH ,LJ.n5! H3y'-!eHH5! peKH
i' yp1.1 H o3ep THnHCCKOH ry6. 1901 r .

39

TOB 1). 113HYeome ycnoBY!SI F\xam<anaKCKOro nnaTo nol<a3biBaiOT, YTO 3anonHeHHbie HbiHe sonaMI1 1-1 HMeiOw,He pa3ni1YHbii4
yposeHb npocTpaHCTBa C03nanHc~ 6naronap5l cnoco6y pacnpoopaHeHHSI 11 . pacnpeneneHI15l 6onee HOBbiX nas, oKpyffiaiOl.l\11X I< OnbiJ,OM 113BeCTHble n pOCTpaHCTBa 2) . .
no naHHbiM 113biCI<aTenei1 napT1111 13T'a, rny6HHa 03epa
I<OJ1e6neTC5l OT 2,6 no 1,5 MTp. vb :noro en en yeT, YTO TyMaHren MenbYe, YeM o3epo TonapasaH.
KpoMe p. TonapasaH, s o3epo TyMaH-ren snanaeT Macca
l<niOYeM. no 3a nanHOMY 6epery 03epa, y nonHOffiHSI xpe6Ta
f\6yn , 113 Tpex yYacr KoB BbiTeKaeT uenaSI cep115l o6vtnbHbiX
l<niOYeM . Y cena ffie CaraMo MOW,Hbie ponHI11<11 BbiTeKaiOT
cnnowHoi1 o611nbHOM opyei1, s Tpex yYaCTKax no 6eperosoi:f
nHHHH. TeMnepaTypa. scex 3TI1X KniOYei1 seCbMa HI13Ka5l.
6epera 03epa B BOCTOYHOM YaCTI1--0TnOrl1e, B 3ananHO~
me YaCTH 11 y Bbixona p. TonapasaH 113 o3epa , Hao6opoT,I<PYTbie. .UHo nnocKoe 11 11MeeT TOT ffie xapatnep, YTO 11 y
o3epa TonapasaH. TyMaH-ren 3aMep3aer onHospeMeHHO c o3epoM TonapaBaH. TaM , rne snanaiOT ponHHI<I1, OHO He 3aMep3aeT cosceM. 3HMOIO sonbi p. TonapasaH, HeCMOTp5l Ha c11nb
Hble MOp03bl, OOCTOSIHHO BbiTeKaiOT 113 03epa. npH BblXOne
113 o3epa p. TonapasaH cpa3y nonanaeT s TeCHHHY 11 nanee
TeYeT no yw,enbiO snnOTb no cen. 6onbwoi1 F\pai<an .
03epa TonapasaH 11 TyMaH-ren pacnonoffieHbi B ropHOH
06JlaCTI1, CnOffieHHOM 113 HneHTI14HbiX BbJWeOni1CaHHbiX 113Bep>HeHHbiX nopon, npenoasn 5liOW,11X secbMa 6naronp115lTHbie reonori1YeCKI1e ycnoBY!SI nn5l o6pa3oBaHI15l 3necb sonoc6opH~X son oeMOB s nosonbHO BHYWI1TenbHOM MacwTa6e.
ManaTani1HCKOe o3epo pacnonoffieHo B
I< IOry OT 03epa TyMaH-ren. no
KOHu,aM npononbHOH oc11 ero, HanpasneHHOM c cesepo-3anana
Ha IOro-EOCTOK, pacnonoffieHbi nyxo6opCKI1e ceneHI15l E<j:JpeMOBKa 11 TpoY!u,Koe. KornoBHHa o3epa, oi<pyffieHHa5l ropHbtMI1
03epo MaAaTana.

13-14 KnM .

1) VI. MywHeTOB-Tpynbi reonKo Ma , HOBa51 cepH5!. MaTepHaJJbi no

f\xaJJH3JJ3l<Cl<OMY 3eMneTpS!CeHHlO, 1903 r., CTp. 66.
2 ) r . f\6Hx - reoJJOfH51 f\pM51HCKoro Haropb51. 1902 r., CTp. 11.

40

2.111,7 MTp.
11an ypoaHeM MOp51 . YpoaeHb 03epa Ha 36 MTp. BbJWe, YeM
y po aeHb o3epa TonapaaaH 11 Ha 114,3 MTp. BbiWe ypoBHSI Ty-

o I poraMI1, COCTOSI W,11MI1 113 naB, ne<I1T Ha BbiCOTe

~1 a H-ren.

npow~xomneHI1e 03epa Manarana MO<HO c nOilHOi:1 OLJell vtnHOCTbiO np11ni1CaTb, KaK 11 npOHCXO<neHI1e BbiWeOnHCaHHbiX

<J 3Cp, cnoco6y pacnpOCTpaHeHHSI naBOBbiX nOTOI<OB, I<OTOpbie

" BHranHCb co cKnOHOB oKpecTHbiX aynKaHI1LJeCKI1X u,eHrpoa. Bc51
10 r o-3ananHa51 nonoaHHa 03epa, Ha411Ha51 or cen. TpOHI.J.KOro
ao ceaepo-aocT04HbiX npenenoa cen. EcppeMOBKH, cno<eHa 113
IJa3 anbTOBbiX (nonepHTOBblX) noKpOBHbiX naB. naBbl 3TH pacnpon p aHSIIOTCSI Bn/lOTb no nonHO>J<I1i:1 BOCT04Hb!X OKOHe4HOCTei:1
t Ja nnbipCKoro xpe6ra : 01<103-nara 11 Opryn-nara .
noaHni1MOMy, nonepHTOBbie naBOBbJe nOTOI<H 113 3pynTI1B IIbiX u,eHrpoa

:noi:1

o6nacr11

pacnpoCTpaHI111HCb a ceaepo-3a -

IJanHOM HanpaaneHHH, o6pa30BaB, TaKI1M 06pa30M, CBOI1MI1

II OK pOBHbiMI1 naaaMI1 YaCTI1 f\xanKanaKCKoro nnaro.
3ananHa51 YaCTb o3epa cno<eHa 113 rpax11-nonepvtTOB biX
11a s, KOTOpbie crapwe B03pacroM, YeM nonepHTbi.
BbiWe, np11 onHcaHHH xapaKrepa 6 a3anbTOBbiX naa, 6 biJJO
y i<a3 aHo, YTO ace noponbi non o6w,ei1 HOMeHKIIar ypoi1 6a 3anb ' OBbiX /laB HMeiOT OTJli14HTeJlbHOe, npHCyw,ee TO/lbi<O HM
l. BO HCTBO-np11 OCTbJBaHHH o6pa30BbJBaTb MHOrOrpaHHbie CTOJ16
' laTble npH3MaTHYeCKHe OTUe/lbHOCTH- B
BepT11KaJlbHOM Ha11 pa B/leHHI1 11 nJII1TYaTbie-B rop1130HTa/lbHOM np11 ropoo6pa30BaTe/lbHbiX npou,eccax , HHOrn a 11 n p 11
le Mn eTp51CeHH51X, TpeW,HHbl OTUenbHOCTe i:1,

paCXOllSICb,

jJ ~IIO TC51.

non B/11151HHeM XHMHYeCKI1X

paCWI1:il-

HJlH

cp113HYeCKHX

npo u,eCCO B

' p e w,HHbi Yacro o6pa3y10r u.eny10 cerb n y cror Me<ny ornenb ' 'oCTst M. np11 HanH41111 nyCTOT 111111 TpeW,vtH noaepXHOCTHble
' 'onbi nerKo HC4e3atOT Yepe3 3TH rpew,I1Hbi. TaKoe 5laneHI1e
11Meer Mecro a pai:1oHe o3epa Manar ana, a r ex HMeHHO yYacr ~< a x, r ne CHilbHO pa3BHTbi 6a3anbTbi. B cn encTBHe 3Toro 51Bne' '11SI, B paHOHe ynOM51HYTOr O 03epa , HeCMOTp51 Ha 0611n11e aTMOCcpepHbi X ocanKOB, yyacrayerc5l HenocraroK aonbi. Bee nepea 1111, p acnonomeHHbJe a o 6nacr11 pac n pocr paHeHJ.15! 6a3anbTOBbJX
41

nas, Jli-1WeHbi I<niOYesbiX HJlH ponHHI<OSbiX son. iKHTenH cen.

TpoHu,I<oro nonb3y'IOTC51 sonoi1 113 I<ononu,es, HMeiOwHx 38 MTP~
rny6HHbi . B cen. EcppeMOSI<e, I<Ononu,bi npoi1neHHbJe s 6a3anbTax, Tal< H He nanH nonOH<viTenbHbiX pe3ynbTaTOB, a n03TOMY
<HTellH nOJlb3YIOTC51 nn51 nHTb51 03epHOK sonoi1.
B I<ononu,e Hosoro ceneHH51 Ha IO<HOM 6epery o3epa
ManaTana, HMeHyeMoro , 3nHasat<aH ", oceHbiO , np11 MOeM noceweHHH, Ha rny6HHe 20 MTp. ewe He 6biJ10 BCTpe4eHO BOnbJ.
B 7 I<nM. 1< 10ry OT 3Toro ceneHH51 , s SbiCOI<OK t<OTnosHHe, pacnono<eHHOK Me<ny sepwHHaMH 0t<I03-nar (2.441 ,44 MTp.) H
OpTyn-nar (2.475,54 MTp. ), Ha rpaHHu,e f\xant<anat<ct<oro ye3na,
H3 6a3anbTOSbiX naB BbiTet<aeT HeCI<Onbi<O XOnOnHbiX pOnHH
I<OB, H3BeCTHbiX non Ha3BaHHe ,nenHHI<H". ,Ue6HT onHOrO 1-13
HCT04HHI<OB 22 OI<T516p51 1927 r. 6biJl onpeneneH

MHOIO Ol<OnO
HeCI<OJlb-

10.000 nHTpos s cyTt<H. Ha 3TOM yYaCTt<e HMeeTC51

I< O npyrHX 06HnbHbiX HCT04HHI<OS, I<OTOpbie, coenHH5151Cb BMeCTe, o6pa3ytoT He60JlbWOK pyyeei<. nocnenHHK CHa4ana 3a6ona4HBaeT He60nbWOe npOCTpaHCTBO, a 3aTeM HC4e3aeT B Tpell.(HHaX OTnenbHOCTeH 6a3anbTOSbJX JlaS H 60JlbWe HHrne He
npo51BnsteTC51. HeMHoro cesepHee OT 3Toro MeCTa HMeeTC51
He6onbwoe ct<onneHHe sonbi nn51 sonono51 CI<OTa. npH seceHHKX sonax H soo6we o6HJlbHbiX .no<n51X sana, BbiTeJ<a51 H3
3Toro He6onbworo ecTecTseHHOro pe3epsyapa, HC4e3aeT Ha
nHe cocenHero ospara s TpewKHax Tex <e 6a3anbTOB.
Cyxoi1 ospar 3TOT nponon<aeTC51 no cen. EcppeMOBI<H.
Cneny51 no ospary BHH3, so MHOrHx MeCTax 3aMe4aiOTC51 He6onbWHe pacwHpeHHbie TpewHHbi HnH nycTOTbi Me<ny 6a3anbTOSbiMH OTnenbHOCTSIMH, I<yna H HC4e3aiOT see nOT04HbJe SOnbi.
To <e caMoe SJBJleHHe, HO B 6onee I<pynHOM MacwTa6e
Ha6niOnaeTcst soi<pyr ManaTanHHCI<aro o3epa, Ha IO<HOK H 3an anHoi1 cTopoHe, t<at<-pa3 s o6nacTH pacnpocTpaHeHH51 6a3anbTOBbiX (nonepHTOBbiX H ponCTBeHHbJX C HHMH TpaXH-nonepHTOBbiX) nas. 3necb HMeeTc51 6onee nesstTH secbMa xapai<repHbiX
MeCT, rne sana o3epa HC4e3aeT s rpewHHax. MecTa HC4e3HOseHHst BOnbi MeCTHbiMH >I<HTeJ151MH nyxo6opaMH Ha3BaHbl ,ny1lttUct.l t1t " . Haci<OJlbt<O 3Ha4HTenbHbi Hei<OTOpbie H3 3THX , nyYHH",
MO<HO cynHTb no cnenyiOweMy cnyYaiO. Ce!lb4aHe
42

cen.

Ecppe-

MOBI<I1 XOTeJ111

ynep}!{aTb Bony B 03epe Ha

113BeCTHOM

ypOBHe

(nm1 Hy}!{n 11Mel0w,ei1c51 Ha Bbrxone 11 3 :nora o3epa peYKI1 eni1HCTBeHHOH MeJ1bHI1ll,bi),

npo6osan11

., nyYI1H", pacnono}!{eHHbiX Ha
er a

ypOBHSI,

yseHYani1Cb

nepHOM ,
ycnexoM.

3aroponi1Tb

6eperosoi1

OnHy

YaCTI1

113

3TI1X

o3epa

Hl1}!{e

KaMH51MI1 H 3 eMneH , HO nonbiTI<H HX He

Bona

sce-TaKI1 HCYe3na Yepe3 3TH

, ny -

Y I1Hbr".
Cyn51 no ocTaBWHMCSI Ha 6epery o3epa

cnenaM,

sana

o3 epe I<Orna-To CTOS!na 3HaYI1TenbHO Bbrwe. Ho, no Mepe no51sneHHSI Ha pa3HbiX rOpH30HTaX BCe
yp oseHb 03epa CTan
HbJe MeCTa
6 epery.

HOBblX

('

HOBblX

,nyYHH ,

nOCTeneHHO nOHI1>t<aTbC51 , 11 MHOfOYHCJ1eH-

,nyYI1H "

60J1bWHHCTBO

BeCbMa

HarnSinHO CTaJ1H " o6Ha>t<aTbC51 Ha

,nyYI1H",

nOSIBHBWHXCSI

6 a3aJ1bTOBblX nopon, 3aHeCeHO HaHOCaMV!

no

Tpew,HHaM

MeJ1KHMI1

I<YCKaMI1

03 epHbiX paCTHTeJ1bHbiX OCTaTI<OB.

T w,aTenbHoe
nO Ka3ano,

reonorHYec!<oe

o 6 cnenosaHHe

YTO B 3ananHOH H fO}!{HO H ero

.M 3 6a3aJ1bTOBblX V!

scero

YaCTSIX,

o3epa

CJ10}!{eHHbiX

pOD.CTBeHHblX C HHJVI naB, BCJ1eD.CTBV!e

OTpH-

U,a TeJ1bHbiX CBOHCTB 3TV!X nopOD., He J1V!WeHa B03MO>t<HOCTb

BT OpeH!-151

no-

nOD.06HblX onaCHbiX 51BJ1eHHH. no3TOMY HeT HV!I<ai<OH

r apaHTI111, YTO nocne 1130nHposnHH51

6 oM cyw,eCTBYIOW,HX , nyYHH "

OHH

TeM
He

HnH

npyr11M

nOSIB51TC51

cnoco-

COCeD.HHX

y YaCTI<ax TOH }!{e cpeD.bJ.

BcSII<aSJ nonbJTKa nOD.HSITb yposeHb ManaTanHHCKoro
p a, 3apaHee MO}!{HO npencKa3aTb,

o6peYeHa

Ha

3 TO rosopHT, npe<ne scero, 11 11CTOpH 51 3Toro

Heycnex.

o 3e pa ,

03e-

3a

I<OTopoe

I<OfD.a - TO 3aHHMano 60JJbWee npOCTpaHCTBO 11 11MeJ10..;3HaYHTeJ1bli YIO rny611Hy, B HaCTOSIW,ee

}!{e

speMSI ,

no

D.aHHbiM

113biCKa -

r en bCKOH napTHH r3T'a , Mai<CHMaJ1bHaSJ rny611Ha neTOM

p a BHSJnacb

1,4

11p 1-1 npoMepe

MTp.; TaKaS! He3Ha411TenbHa51 rny611Ha

o3epa

cosepweHHO

cso6onHo

1927

r.

n03BOn51na

npoxomnb

no

n ce M era HanpasneHHSIM .
BonHaSJ nosepxHOCTb o3epa 3aHI1MaeT o1<ono
.Il,Ho

03epa

cosepweHHO

nnocKoe

' l a CTb 03epa 3 apOCila BOD.51Hb1MI1

11

8,5

paCTeHI151MI1 , Tal<

YTO

::n epe BHD.HeeTCSI TOnbKO OTD.enbHbiMI1 MecTaMH. Bona

CBeTJJ0-3eJ1eHOBaTOfO OTTeHI<a

I<B.

I<J1M .

11JJHCToe. 6onbwaSI
BOD.a B
MYTHaSI ,

11 HenpHSITHOrO Bl<yca.

43

311MOH BOna CI1JlbHO

nopT11TCSI, CTaHOBI1TCSI

nenaeTCSI COBepweHHO Henp11rOUHOH nnSI

TeJlbCTBOM 11 o6'SICHSieTCSI

OTCYTCTBI1e

011TbSI. JTI1M

pb!6bi.

CTBeHHOrO pbi6opa3BeneHI151 He naBaJ111

3JlOBOHHOH 11
06CTOSI -

nonbiTKI1 11CKyC-

pe3ynbTaTOB ~

HI1KaK11X

TaK KaK pbi6a scerna nom6ana .

ManaTana, KaK 11 nsa
ne>HI1T

6acceHHY

np11 nocpencTBe

p.

onHoro

Bbiweoni1CaHHbiX

TonapaBaH ,
113

ee

o3epa,

np11Han-

coeni1HSIS!Cb c nocnenHeH

He6onbwl1x

np11TOKOB.

np11TOK npencTaBn Si eT 113 ce6SI He3Ha'-111TenbHYIO peYKy,

3ToT

yseni1-

YI1Baiow,yJOcSI Jli-1Wb B nep110ilbi no>HneH H TaSIHI1SI CHeros, Korna

ypOBeHb BOilbl B 03epe nOnbiMaeTCSI. np11 3TOM 48CTb BOilbl 113
o3epa 11CYe3aer Yepe3 BbiweonHcaHHbie ,nyYI1Hbt " .
BecHOIO B o3epo snanaeT HeCKOJlbKO pyYbeB, 113 KOTOpbiX
HeKOTOpbte B neTHee speMSI nepecbtXaiOT. He nepecbtxaeT TOJlbKO
peYJ<a K10pS!H-Yai1, 6epyw,aSI csoe Ha'-!ano Ha CKJlOHax MoKpbtX
rop. PonHI1KOB BOKpyr 03epa He 11MeeTCSI.
TaK11M o6pa3oM, o3epo

ni1TaeTCSI

no'-!TI1

11CKJ110411TenbHO

aTMoc<jJepHbiMI1 ocanKaMI1 11 He60!lbWI1M py4eHKOM K10pS!H4ai1 .

311MOIO, J<Orna np11TOK BOilbl B 03epo COBepweHHO npeKpaw,aeTCSI , pe4J<a M8naTani1HK8 nepeCT8eT BbiTeK8Tb 11 3 Hero. }f{1-1Ten1-1
c en. E<jJpeMOBKH 3 11MOIO 38npy>HI1B810T

3TY

pe4Ky,

11Cnonb3YSI

ee B 1<8'-lecTBe sononoSI , ni1TbesyJO >He sony 11M 38MeHSieT p8cTonneHHbti1 CHer.

TaK K8J< yposeH b o3epa M8il8T8na
TyM8H reJI8 H8

114

npeBbiW8eT

ypoBeH h

MeTp., TO cyw,ecrsyeT npennono>HeHI1e, '-ITO

o61-1nbHbte ponHI1KI1 y

o3ep8 TyM8H-ren SI BllSIIOTCSI

pe3YllbT8TOM

yTel.JKI1 BOilbl 113 M8naTani1HCKOro 03ep8. npennono>HeHVIe

3TO

HeOCHOB8TellbHO 11 Hey6eni1TeJlbHO .
reonorl14eCKOe
B

14

CTpOeHI1e

TyM8Hren8,

pacnonO>HeHHOfO

KnM . OT o3ep8 M8n8T8n8 B cesepo-3an8nHoM

HI111, cosepweHHO p83HI1TCSI OT reonor114ect<oro

nenHero. 03epo TyMaH-ren
Tp8XI1TOB,
11MeiOW,11X

11X

p8cnono>HeHo

pa3HOBI1ilHOCTeH

T81<11X

11

X8p8KTepHb!X

6838JlbTOBble Jl8Bbl p8HOH8 03epa

H8np8sne-

cTpoeHI1SI

cpen11

noc

aHne311TOB,

nepeXOilHblX COCTOSIHI1H , HE
TpeW,11H

OTileJlbHOCTeH,

ManaT808 .

nocnenHI1e

1<81<
He

p8cnpocTp8HSIIOTCSI no TyM8Hren8 , scnencTBI1e Yero HeT HI1J<a

J<OrO OCHOB8HI1SI nyMaTb, '-ITO , ny'-111Hbl" MOryT OKa3aTb

44

KaKOe

HH6ynb Blli151HI1e Ha o6pa30BaHI1e pOllHI1KOB y 03epa TyMaH-ren ,

OKpymeHHOfO nllOTHblMI1 nasaMI1 aHne311TOBblX H TpaXI1TOBblX
nopon. KpoMe Toro, see ponHI11<11 TyMaH-rena BbiTeKaiOT 113
cesepHOM 11 3ananHoi:1 4aCTI1 03epa 11 CB513aHbt: nepsbte-c
MoKpblMI1 ropaMI1, a BTOpbte-c ropHOM CI1CTeMOM f\6yn.
C 10ro-socroYHOM CTOpOHbt o3epa , o6paw,eHHOH 1< o3epy Manana, He 11MeeTC5l HV! OllHOrO 11CTOYHI11<a . npennonomi1Tb, 4TO
BOllbt 113 o3epa Manarana, cosepwa5l u.enoe nyTewecrs11e s
noponax, 3anera10w,11x non llHOM 03epa TyMaH-ren, BbtXOllSIT Ha
npOTI1BOnOJlOmHblX 6eperax erO,-HeT OCHOBaHI15l
HaKoHeu., Bbtwe 6btno CKa3aHo , 4TO, scnencrs11e He6naronp1151THOro Ka4eCTBa BOllbt o3epa Manarana, pbt6a TaM He
BOlli1TCSI. 0TMeYallC5l HaMI1 11 HenpHSITHbtH sKye Manarani1HCKI1X
son.
Ecn11 npennonomi1Tb, YTO ponHI11<11 o3epa

TyMaH-ren, OT-

YaCTI1 , 5lB~5liOTC5l pe3ynbTaTOM yreYKI1 BOllbt 113 Manarani1HCKoro

03epa, TO, BO-nepBblX, BI<YC 11 Ka4eCTBO 3TI1X p011HI11<0B na1111 6bt
004YBCTBOBaTb 11X np011CXOmlleHI1e, a BO-BTOpblX, eCJlH BOna
o3epa ManaTana ry611renbHa nnSt pbt6bt, ro ra me caMaS! sona
nonmHa 6btTb spenHOH 11 llll5l pbt6bt 03epa TyMaH-ren , rne solli1TC5l TaKaS! secbMa 4YBCTBI1TellbHaSI pbt6a, 1<a1< openb. Ho
ponHI11<11 o3epa TyMaH-ren 411CTbt, xononHbt, np1151THbt Ha sKye,
11, cnenosaTellbHO , OHI1 He 11Me10T Hl11<a1<oro orHoweHI15l 1< sone
,o3epa ManaTa na.
Pe4Ka ManaTanHHKa , BbtTeKaSI 113 o3epa ManaTana , Ha
]1 I<JlM. 01<0110 Cell. ropenOBI<a, COelli1HSieTC5l C pe41<0H , BbtTeKaiOW,eH H3 o3epa 6yrnaweH.
Onpo 6yrAaWtH.

_,;:.

03epo 6yrnaw e H pacnonomeHo ot<ono cen .

ropellOBKI1 , Ha BblCOTe 2.041 ,q MTp. Hall ypOB-

HeM MOpS! H rome np11Hannemi1T t< 6accei:1Hy p. TonapasaH .

B 03epo snanaer He6onbwoi:1 py4ei:1 11, KpoMe r oro, s tOmHo H
OI<OHeYHOCTI1 era, 113 KaMeHHOfO 6epera 6biOT llOBOJlbHO 60ll bWI1e 1<1110'111 . 03epo 11MeeT oKpyrneHHYIO opMy; w11p11Ha er o
He60llbWa5l no naHHblM H3biCKaTellbCI<OH na PTI1H r3T' a ' B011Ha5l nno.w,anb 3aHI1Maer 0,35 1<8. I<JlM . rny611Ha 03epa - OT 1,0 110 4,00

45

MTp. ,lJ,Ho nnocKoe 11 sechMa 11!111CToe. BecHoi1 yposeHb o3epa

3Ha411TenbHO nonbiMaeTC$1. _Bona o3epa 411CTa$1 11 np11$1THa$1 Ha
BKyc. no naHHbiM KaspaHCKoro, B nBa 4aca nH$1 B Tennb!H neHb(B asrycTe), y 6epera , TeMnepaTypa sonhl paBH$1!laCb 15 C, no
cepeni1He o3epa 13, a 611113 ponH11KOB 7C (TaKoBa me TeMnepaTypa BOnbl 11 B CaMI1X pOnHvtKax). 3apOCJ111 BOn9.HbiX paCTe-H11H 04eHb Be!li1KI1.
- Phi6Ha$1 ayHa

B o3epe HaC411Tb!BaeT Tpex npenCTaB~one

nei1 : openh (Salmo lacu stris), xpaMynte (Capo ela h;ndulus De

Fil)>

11 yKnei1Ky (l'\lburnus fas cialus No rd ).

6yrnaweHcKoe o3epo MO>t<HO OTHeCTI-1, KaK 11 ManaTanHH-CKOe, K YM11patew,I1M o3epaM. Cyn$1 no cnenaM sonhl, B npe>t<Hee speM$1 03epo 3aHI1Mano orpoMHoe npoCTpaHCTBO. 0HO
pacnpoCTpaH$1!10Cb no cen. ropenOBKI1. B HaCT09.W,ee speMSJ:
LJaCTb ceneHI1$1 noCTpoeHa Ha MeCTe nHa 6h1Bwero o3epa. BblcoxwaSJ YaCTb 03epa npencTaBn9.eT Tenepb npeKpaCHhle nyra ..
W11p01<a51 nnow,anb nHa 11 oKpymatew,a$1 cpena npenCTaBnSJter
Hane>t<Hble 11 6naronp115!TH-ble reonorl14eCKI1e ycnoBI151 nn51 3anpy>t<I1BaHI1$1 :nero 03epa c u,enbte nonH$1TI151 ero ypoBH51. 3neCb HeT Tex $1B!leHI1i1, KOTOpb!e 3aMe4atOTC51 Ha o3epe ManaTana.
Ho TO!lbKO 6h!Bwee nHo o3epa, C11!lbHO 3anonHeHHoe o3epHbiM
HaHOCHbiM OT!lO>t<eHI1eM, np11 HOBOM nonnope He npenCTaBI1T
60!lbWeH eMKOCTI1. nonnepTa51 BOna 3a!lbeT n04TI1 BCe nyra
cen. ropenOBKI1. HanpOTI1B, BeCbMa u,enecoo6pa3HO 11 BnOnHe
B03MO>t<HO ocyweHI1e :nero o3epa nnSJ ysenl14eHI15! nnow.anH
6onee none3Hb!X CeHOKOCHbiX 11 naXOTHbiX yYaCTKOB.
Pe4Ka ManaTani1HKa 11 6yrnaweH, coeni1H519.Cb BMeCTe, snanateT B p. TonapasaH.
03epo

cen .

Op-

4 KnM. Ha cesepo-3anan OT 03epa 6yrO

naweH, 611113 cen.

pnoBKI1 , pacnono>t<eHo He 6onbwoe o3epo OpnosKa, 11Metew,ee HeCK.O!lbKO,
COT MeTpOB nni1Hbl. 03epo 3TO He npenCTaBJ19.eT Hl14ero OC06eHHOrO. 6onee 3acnym11saeT BHI1M3HI19. npyroe o3epo, pacno nomeHHoe K cesepo-3anany oT cen . OpnoBKI-1 , 6!1113 cen. XaHnosKa.

LJan hi.
46

03epo (<aHL!anbt.

0Ho

CBSI3aHo c p. TonapaBaH ManeHbKOH

pe~Koi1, BbiTeKaiOw,ei1 113 :nora 03epa, non Ha-

3BaHHeM f\rpH-4aH.
03epo XaH4anbi ne<HT y nonHO<bSI ceBepHbiX cKnOHOB
feK-Tani1HCKI1X rop, Ha BblCOTe 1.929,9 MTp. Han ypOBHeM MOpS!. ,Il,n11Ha o3epa-oKono 7 KnM., wHpHHa ~ or 1 1 / ~ no 3 KnM.
BonHaSI nnow,anb, no HOBeHIUHM naHHbiM, paBHSieTCst 13 KB .
KnM. fny6HHa 03epa KOne6neTCSI OT 0,5 no 0,80 MTp. ,lJ,HO 03epa nnocKoe, BeCbMa 3aHneHHoe.
03epo Xaffl!anbi ne<I1T B KOTnOBI1He. C 10ra OHO oKpy<eHo Bb!COKJ.1MI1 CKnOHaMI1 feK-nara J.1 J..1HaK-Tanbl, CnO<eHHbl MI1 113 aHne311TOBblX, rpaxH-aHne311TOBblX 11 rpaXI1TOBblX naB.
CeBepo-3ananHaSI nonoBI1Ha 03epa nonyccpep114eCKI1 3aMKHyra
noBOnbHO BblCOKI1M BanoM 113 6a3anbTOBOH (nonep11TOBOH) naBbl, MeCTaMI1 c KpacHoBaroi1 OKpaCKOH. OrpoMHbiH 3TOT Ban
oKpy<aer o3epo 11 c cesepHoi1 cropoHbi, rne, mwno cen. Xonma6eK, 11n11 6ornaHOBKI1, cni1BaeTC:SI c f\xanKanaKCKOH HaropHOH paBHI1HOi1.
3ro 03epo, KaJ< 11 npyr11e Bbiweonl1caHHbie o3epa, He KparepHoro xapaKrepa 11 o6pa3osanocb B pe3ynbrare 3anpy>HI1BaHH51 J<OTnOBI1Hbl naBOBbiMI1 113ni1SIH1151MI1. 6epera 03epa npenCTaBmtiOT co6oi1 y3KyiO, HI13MeHHyiO, 6onoTHCTyiO, MecTaMH nyrosyiO nonocy. C IO<HOH 11 10ro-3ananHoi1 cropOHbJ o3epo npHHI1Maer B ce651 MHOr04HCneHHbJe py4bl1, creJ<aiOW11e c cesepHbiX CKnOHOB feK-nara, J..1HaK-ranbJ 1-1 Y4-Tanan51pa. HanonH51eTCSI
o3epo, rnaBHbiM o6pa3oM, ranbJMI-1 BeceHHI1MH BonaMH 1-1 ynoM51HYTbJMH BbiWe PY4b51MH, KOTOpbie , Bnpo4eM, nepeCbJXaiOT
B KOHLI.e neTa. ,IJ,pyr11x 6onee HnH MeHee 3Ha4H ~nbHbJX Knl04ei1 Her. BecHOH pa3nHB 6biBaer 3Ha4HTenbHbJM, raJ:< 'HO ypoBeHb nonbJMaeTC51 no 1 MeTpa. 03epo OKpymeHO TOnKHMJ.1 MeCTaMI1. Bo.ua o4eHb MYTHa51, cnerKa 3eneHoBaroro orTeHKa 11
He 04eHb np11SITHa51 Ha BKyC. npH6pe>t<Hbie 3apoCnH BOnSIHbiX
pacTeHHH BeCbMa 3Ha4HTenbHbl . ctJayHa 03epa HMeeT CI<Opee
xapaKTep 6onOTHOH cpayHbl. J..13 pbi6 nOCTOSIHHO <11BeT B 03epe
r onbJ<O ronaBnb (Squalius turcicus De Fil), a BeCHOH nnSI HKpoMeTaHI1Sl HHorna 3axon11r 11 y~:<nei1J:<a (fllburnus fasciatus Nbrd 1).
1) <:D. <:D. Kaspai1CKf1i1 - BecTHMK Pbt6onpoM., 1901 r., N2N2 7- 10.

47

Korna-To yposeHb o3epa CTOS!JJ 3HaYvneJJbHO Bbiwe, 11 113

Hero, c cesepHOH cropOHbi, Yepe3
f\nei<CaH-na pac11, BbJTeKana peYI<a.

y~enbe ,

rai<-Ha3biBaeMoe

Ha IO}f{HOH cropoHe 03epa pacnonomeH cyxoH 3aJJI1BYI1K,

nHO I<OTOpOrO rlOKpb!TO TOp<i>OM 11 ,nepHOM ". ,lJ,epH :HOT MeCTHbiMI1 m11renSIMI1 ynorpe6nSieTCS! ( s oco6eHHOCTI1 y nyxo6opos)
nnSI noi<pbiTI1Sl I<pbiW scex 3naHI1H. ,lJ,H.o y~eJJbS! f\nei<CaH-napacl1 11 ynoMSIHyroro 3aJJI-1BY11Ka npeBbiwaer HbiHeWHYJH yposeHb o3epa 6onee, YeM Ha 1 Merp. YposeHb 03epa nOHI1311JJCSI
BCJJenCTBI1e OTKpbiBWerOC>I HOBOrO 6onee HI1 3I<OrO CTOI<a BOnbi
113 03epp s cesepo-socrOYHOH era YaCTI1. B npenenax 6biswero
o6'eMa 03epa

reonor11YeC1<0e

crpoeHI1e

MeCTHOCTI1

npencras-

n>~eT 6naronp11S!THble YCJJOBI1Sl nJJ>I nonH>ITI151 ypOBHS! era nyTeM

nonnopa no sepXH11X KpaeB y~eJJbSl f\nei<CaH napaCI1. np11

:HOM npensap11TeJJbHO noTpe6yeTC51 B0 3BeCTI1 MOUJ,HbiH 11 BblCOKI1H nonnopHbiH san , 11JJI1 CI<opee Bbi COI<YIO 11 nJJI1HHYIO nno_TI1Hy, s paHOHe Bbixona pe1<11 113 o3epa-TaM, rnenpei<pacHbte
nyra, npencrasnSIIOll.\11e 6biBwee nHo o3epa, noi<p biT bl nepHoM.
0KOI10 me nepeBHI1 6 a3aJlbTbl 0 6H a>t<a!OTC51, 11 11M e!OTCS! COMHI1TeJJbHble Mecra , yepe3 I<OTOpbie Momer 11CYe 3aT b sana.

o3epo

K cesepo-3anany or o3epa XaH4aJJbi, Ha

BbiCOTe 1.749,5 MTp. Han ypOBHeM MOpS!, paCrlOJlO}f{eHO He6oJJbWOe 6onoTI1CTOe o3epo BaLJI1aH . Kornos11Ha
ero nem11T y nonHO>t<bSI HeBbtCOKOH ropbl Cypn -cap, cno>t<eH HOH uen111<0M 113 6a3aJJbTOBOH nasw. 03epo 3TO ci<opee HOCI1T
BallHaH.

xapai<rep 6onora. Tonbi<O secHOH yposeHb ero HeCI<OJJbi<O nonbiMaeTcSI, a CI<OrlJJS!IO~I1 HC>I B peni<I1X cny4aS!X 113JJI1WeK BOl
CTeKaer s npyroe 6onoT11croe o3epo-3pec, pacnonomeHHoe
s 5 I<JJM. or Hero Ha cesepo-3anan. B BaLJI1aHcKoe o3epo ponHI1KOB He snanaeT. 0HO nonnepm11BaeTCS! 11CKJJI0411TellbHO CTOI<OM aTMocq,epHbiX son. !. -136biTOK BOnbt 113 He60JJbWOH KaHa
Bbi, Bbi BeneHHOH 113 p. Kbtpx-6ynax nn>~ Hy>t<n cen. 8aLJI1aH ,
nocrynaer s 03epo. Bona 03epa MYTHaSI 11 secbMa
Henp11>1THOro st<yca. >K11ren 11 cen. BaYI1aH 311MOIO, Korna sana
s KaHaBe 3a.M ep3aer, ynorpe6n>IIOT nnSI ni1TbS! pacronneHHbiH
CHe r . 311MOIO 03epo cosepweHHO 3aMep3aer.

48

3ro o3epo, pacnonomeHHOe 1<a1<, yme 6bino ynoM51Hyro, B 5 sepcrax Ha cesepo-3anan or

Q3epa BaYHaH, nem11r Ha BbiCore 1.721,6 Mrp. Han ypoBH. MOpS!
11 B Hacrollw,ee speMSl cosepweHHO BbiCoxno. 0cHoBaHI1e ere
noi<OI1TCSl Ha 6a3aJJbTOBbiX nasax, no!<pbiTbiX MOW,HbiM cnoeM
paCTHTeJibHOH
'B

nOYBbl 11 fJII1Hbl. no 6eperaM yMepwero 03epa,

Hei<OTOpblX ero

yYaCTI<aX, BbiCrynaJOT 06HaH<eHI1Sl 6a3aJibTO-

BbiX naB C 11X xapa!<TepHbiMH

MHOrorpaHHbiMH OTneJJbHOCTSlMI1 .

Heci<OJJbi<O ner roMy Ha3an 3TO o3epo cpa3y nowno Ha y6biJJb,

a B 1926 r. cosepweHHO BbiCoxno. B o3epe 3pec pbi6a He soll.v!JiaCb, HO 3aTO OHO 6biJIO JJI0611Mb1M MeCTOM OXOTHI11<0B )ta
n111<11x

yro1<

6onee

11/ 2

11 npynu

nr11u, 6ononKrbiX o3ep. 03epo 11Meno

Mrp. rny611Hbl. B Hacro51w,ee speMSl O!<pecrHbie ml1-

renl1 Ha roM Mecre, rne

paccr11nanocb o3epo,

cama10r

~<apro

enb 11 I<OCSlT CeHO.

Ta1<oe Ha nepBbiH B3rJJ51n
BeHI1e

03epa,

np11

6JJH31<0M

6b1Crpoe, 3aranoYHoe HCYe3HO03Hai<OMJJeHHI1 C reOJIOfl14eCI<HM

crpoeHI1eM o3epHoro yyacrKa, Momer 6biTb o6'51CH'=HO reMI1

np11411HaMH, 0 I<OTOpblX

Mbl

me

ynOMI1HaJII1 np11 OnHCaHI111 03epa

Manarana. nosHn11MOMy, B nepHon nocnertHHX 3eMnerp51CeHI1H,

noncr11naJOw,11e
B BHne

I<pynHbiX

o3epo

6a3aJJbTOBbie naBbi,

CTOJJ64aTbiX

orneJJbHOCTeH

npencrasneHHbie
B sepT11l<aJJbHOM

HanpaBJJeHI111 , 6b1JII1 HapyweHbl CHJibHbiMH CeHCMH4eCKI1MH I<OJJe6aHI1SlMH .

Bcnencrs11e Hero o6cro51renbCTsa rpeu.J,HHbl ornenbHOcrei1
6a3aJJbTa , paCXOnSlCb 11 paCW11pSl51Cb, naJJH MeCTO nJJSl 11C4e3HOseHH51 sonbi o3epa. 6biBwHe snanenbLJ,bl o3epa, socnonb30saJJI1Cb 3TI1M 06CTOSlTeJibCTBOM 11, npOJ.13BeUSl He3Ha4HTeJibHble nonpblBHble pa60Tbl, CHSlJII1 OUHY 113 CTOJIOYaTbiX 6a3aJJbTOBblX OTneJJbHOCTeH, o6pa3y51, csoeo6pa3HbiH nornorHreJJbHbiH I<Ononeu,, Kyna 11 6bma HanpasneHa soua 03epa no Herny6oKHM !<aHaBI<aM. 3rl1 MeponpHSlTI151 3Ha4HTeJJbHO yseJJI1411JIH nponyCI<HYIO
cnoco6HOCTb 3roro yron1<a,
B03MOH<HOCTb BJJaneJJbU,aM
BOnbl

u,eJJHI<OM ocywHJJH

o3epo

11 nanH

11COOJib30BaTb OCB060nHBWHHCSl OT

nOBOJibHO 60JJbWOH yYaCTOI< nn51 ceJJbCI<O-X03SlHCTBeHHbiX

Hymn.
49

6bJswee o3epo 3pee He HMeno HK ponHHKOB, snana!OW.Hx

B Hero, HK pyYeMKOB. 0HO u,enHKOM eyweeTBOBanO 3a eYeT
06HnbHbiX aTMOecpepHbiX oeanKOB.
CnenbJ TaKHX 6bJBWHX 6onoTHeTbJX He6onbWHX o3ep Ha6monaJOTeSJ B pa3HbJX MeeTax f\xanKanaKcKoro nnoeKoropbS! .
MHorHe 113 HHX paenonomeHbJ K JOro -3anany OT 6bJBwero 03epa
3pee B pa3HbJX MeeTax, s oeo6eHHoerK me s pai1oHe een . KyMypno. HeeKonhKO TaKKX MeCT Ha6nJOnaeTcSJ TaKme 1-1 no ne soi1 eTopoHe p . TonapasaH , no nopore H3 een . 6ornaHOBJ<K:
s rap. f\xanKanaKH . Bee 3TH MeeTa, HbJHe npespaTHBWHeeSJ
B nnoeKHe, poBHbJe nymai1KH , npenerasn1-1nH Korna-To eo6oi1:
He60nbWHe 6onOTHeTbJe 03epa. VJeYe3HOBeHHe onHHX 1-13 HHX
o6'51CHSJeTe51 BblebiXaHHeM B TO BpeM51, KaK BOnbJ npyrHX 11CYe3nJ.t
Yepe3 o6pa3osaswHeeSJ He6onbwKe Tpewi1HbJ ornenhHOeTej;t
6a3anbTOBbJX naB, nemawHx non 3THMH 03epaMH. Bee 3TH 6bJBWI1e 03epa paenonomeHbJ Ha f\xanKanaKeKoM nnaTo, enomeHHOM HeKnJOYHTenbHO H3 6a3anbTOBbJX nas. Ha HeKOTOpblX 113
3THX nnowanei1, npK He3HaYHrenbHbJX ropoo6pa3osaTenhHbJX
HnH eei1eMI1YeeJ<I1X npou,eeeax, non BnH5JHHeM nHHaMHYeeKI1X
npOTKBOUei1eTBYJOlll,HX eHn , 11n11 BOnH006pa3HblX TOnYJ<OB, np11
HI1YTO<HOM non'eMe 3TI1X yyaerJ<OB, np011CXOnHnO paexomneHHe
Tpewi1H ornenhHOerei1 6aJanbTOBbJX nas, HMeJOwi1x sepTKJ<anbHoe HanpasneHKe. Ta1<11M o6pa3oM, 3115JJOll1,11e rpewHHbJ 3TI1X
n opon CblrpanK ponb KaHanOB, noeny<I1BWHX npHYHHOH HeYe3HOBeHI1SJ HaJ<Oni1BWI1XCSJ BOn. 3ro 51BneHI1e BeebMa noyYHTenbHO
11 HarnSJnHo npeneTasneHo Ha Meere 11eYe3HoseHI1SJ sonbJ Ha
yYaeTKe 6bJBwero 03epa 3pee 11 s pai1oHe een. KyMypno, rne
paenonomeHO HeeJ<OnbKO TaKHX, HbJHe BbJCOXWKX,
o3ep.

He60nbWHX

Vb npyrHX 03ep ynOM51HYTOrO TKna B f\xanKanaJ<eKOM,

ye3ne oeo6eHHoro BHKMaHK51 3acny<KBaiOT: o3epo Xo3anHH, HaxonSJweeeSJ B Kpai1HeM JO<HOM y r onKe f\xanKanaKeKoro ye3na ,
11 o3epo Ta611u,xyp11 , HaxonSJweeeSJ s eesepo -soeTOYHOM era
yrny.
noenenHee, nOBI1nKMOMy, HMeeT HeKOTOpyJO eB513b C 6aecei1HOM p. TonapasaH.
50

03epo pacnonomeHo Ha BbJCOTe 1.990,6

MTp. Han ypOBH. MOp51. 0HO nOBOJlbHO HenpaBv!nbHOH cpopMbl, C ManeHbKI1MI1 3aJ11-1BaMH; nni1Ha era OKano 4 KJlM., w11p11Ha 3,5 KJlM. BonHa51 noaepxHoCTb
-OKOJ10 14 KB. Kni'l. 03epo CO BCeX CTOpOH OKpy<eHO ropaMI1.
C BOCTOKa T51HeTC51 xpe6eT CaMcap-f\6yncKoi1 CHCTeMbJ c aepwi1HaMH Taa-KoTenH, 5e6ep-ropoi1 1-1 WaaH a6anH , a c 3ananHOH CTOpOHbJ , Memny ceneHHeM KH3Hn-Kvtnvtca 1-1 MonHTbJ, o3epo OKpy<eHO u,enOH cep11ei1 803BbJWeHHOCTeH, OTJleJ15110Lli,I1X
o3epo oT noni1Hbl p. Ku,H51 ,
Ta6M~l<YP(He 03e-

po.

fny6HHa 03epa 3Ha411TeJ1bHee, 4eM npyrHX 03ep f\xanKanaKCKOrO ye3na, 11 Kone6neTC51 OT 1 no 24,7 MTP 1 ).
B Ta611u,xypc1<oe o3epo ananaeT cpaBHI1TeJ1bHO Mana ponHI1KOB 11 TO J111Wb co CTopoHbJ cen. K11311J1-KI1ni1Ca. CaMbJH 3HaLJHTenbHbJH 113 HI1X ananaeT a ceaepHyiO era YaCTb. KpoMe ponHHKoa, 03epo ni1TaeTC51 BeWHI1MH TaJ1blMI1 BOJiaM11 H nO<Jl51MI1.
Bo apeM51 naaonKOB ypoaeHb 03epa noJibJMaeTCSI no 1 MTp. 5eper 03epa K 3anany OT cen. KH311J1-KHJ111Ca OTJ10ri1H 11 11MeeT
6onOTI1CTbJH xapaKTep. IOro-aocT04HbJH me 6eper-noaonbHO
KPYTOH. IOro-3ananHbJH 6eper- MeCTaMI1 o6pbiBI1CT, a 3ananHbiH 6eper--coaepweHHO OTJIOrHH 11 OT4aCTI1 60J10TI1CT.
5epera o3epa MecTaMI1 nOI<pbiTbi MeJ1KI1M nec1<oM, o6pa30BaHHbiM 113 JlaBOBbiX nopOJI. neco'K :3TOT ynoTpe6n51eTC51 nn5l
CTp011TeJ1bHbiX u,enei1.
Bona o3epa 4HCTa51, noaonbHO npo3pa4Ha51, 3eneHoaaTo CHHero u,aeTa. Ha aKyc OHa np1151THa51.
no naHHblM KaapaHCKOrO, TeMnepaTypa BOJlbl 11 aaryCTa,
a 2 4aca JIHSI, Ha noaepxHOCTH 6nH 3 6epera, 6bJJ1a 16,2 C.
(a B03nyxe 18), 12 aarycTa J60, np11 TeMnepaType ao3nyxa
14,2 (neHb conHe4HbJH, aeTep NO); Ha cepem1He o3epa , Ha noaepxHOCTI1, 11 aarycTa 160 11 12-ro 15. TeMnepaTypa Hna Ha
rny611He 13,1911 24,4 MTp. 11 11 12 aarycTa . 6bJJ1a 6e3 113MeHe HI151 15 ( 2 ).

- - - - - - -1
) ~- ~ - Kaspaikt<Hi1-BeCTHHK Ph1 6o np. 1901 r.
2) BeclHHK Pb16onp . 1901 r .

51

3ro 06CT051TenbCTBO HaBOLlHT l<aapaHCI<OfO Ha MbiCflb 0

TOM, 4TO Ha LlHe 03epa 6b!OT l<fli04H C LlOBOflbHO BbiCOI<OH TeMneparypoi1 sortbl. 3ro MHeHHe csoe OH nouraepmnaer rai<me 11
TeM 06CTOSITenbCTBOM, 4TO 03epo 3aMep3aer CpaBHHTenbHO
n03LlHO, 4acro He paHee nei<a6p51 , 11 ocso6omnaerc51 or nhna
paHbwe scex npyr11x 03ep, Haxon51W.HXC51 s f\xani<anai<CI<OM
ye3ne.

B Ta6Hu,xypci<OM 03epe H<HBer nHWb onvtH BHLl pb16bi-<}Jopenb.

IOro-3ananHa51 cropoHa 03epa cno<eHa H3 6a3anbTOBbiX
nopon. Cen. MonHTbl noCTpoeHo Ha 6a3anbrax.
03epo Ta6Hu,xypvt He HMeer croi<a. 3ananHa51 OI<OHe4HOCTb ero ol<aH4HBaerc51 He6onbWHM 3anvtsoM, npencrasn5110W,HM,
nOBVIIlVIMOMy, MeCTO 6biBWero CTOI<a. no 3TOMY HanpasneHHIO,
nanee 1< 3anany, Bb1cryna10r MHOf04HCneHHble ponHHI<H, H3 I<OropbiX o6pa3yerc51 pe41<a Mer~-)J,<yp, npasbiH npHTOI< p . TonapaaaH.
noBHilHMOMy,

3TH

pOilHVII<VI

HMeiOT CB$13b c 03epoM. Ha-

fli14He Ha 3TOM yyacrl<e 6a3anbTOB~x nas co caoi:icrseHHOH HM

rpeW,HHOBaTOCTbiO naeT OCHOBaHHe npennonO>t<VITb CB513b 3TVIX
portHHI<OB c o3epoM. Tai<HM o6pa30M, rvt.llporpa<}Jvt4eCI<a51 CB513b
o3epa Ta6vtu,xypvt c 6accei1HOM p. TonapaaaH , noBHililMOMy,
HeCOMHeHHa.

MbiCnb

3TY

nonraep<naer

ai<aneMHI<

f\611x

1-1

H. B. Mywi<eTOB.
nepBbiH 1-13 HVIX npH3Haer: ,Tal< l<al< I<One6aHHe 03epa B
pa3nH4Hble apeMeHa rona secbMa He3Ha4vtrenbHO, ro MO<HO
nonyCTVITb, 4TO 03epo HMeer Cl<pbiTbiH non3eM HbiH CTOI< I<
f\xani<anaKCI<OH paBHHHe"

).

reonor Mywl<eTOB Tal<>t<e npvt3Haer, 4TO "nOBVILlVIMOMy,

cyw,eCTBYIOT nOrt3eMHbie TOI<VI OT 03epa, nHTaiOW,f.1e OilVIH 1-13
npHTOI<OB p. Meu,-)J,myp " 2).
l-13 l<pynHbiX 03ep f\xanl<anai<CI<oro ye3na ronbi<O 03epo
Xo3anvtH He CB513aHo c 6accei:1HOM p. TonapaaaH. HO OHO npen
crasn51er oco6biH HHrepec.
1) r. f\6Hx-reonon151 f\pM51HCHOro Haropb51. 1902 r ., CTp. 39.
2) Marep. reonHOMa, HOB. cep ., Bbtn. I, 1903 r., crp. 63.

52

03epo

~o3an~H .

3To o3epo pacnonomeHo s IOmHoi1 oKoHe4HOCTI1 f\xanKanaKCKoro ye3na, Ha rpaHI1u,e

era, Ha BbiCOTe 1.880,7 MTp. Han ypoBHeM MOpS!. ,Uni1Ha 03epa-OKOJIO 9 t<JIM., w11p11Ha-5 KnM. 03epo Xo3an11H He 11MeeT
. 3aMeTHbiX OTt<pbiT biX eTot<os. B o3epo snanaeT HeeKOJibi<O py'-leHI<OB 11 He 6 onbWa51 p e 4t<a - e eesepHoi1 eTopOHbi. 6epera
oTnor11e, MeCTaMI1 TOnKVIe ; IO}I{Hb!H 6eper 6onee KpyToi1 VI name
MeCTaMVI o6pb!BI1eT. .UHo ~1nVIeToe . Bona coneHaSJ, MYTHaSI.
BcneneTBVIe nnoxoro Ka4eCTBa sonbi s 03epe HeT pbi6bi.
no aHaJII13Y npa noHTIOXOBa 1 ) , Oni1H JI11Tp BOnbl eonep }1{111 0,8804 rp. cyxoro ocTaTKa, 113 KOTOporo: xnop11cToro HaTpa-0,6113 rp., OCTaJibHa SI
HaTp VI MarHI1H.

'-laeTb

nanaeT

no MHeHVIIO f\6VIxa , np11CyTeTBI1e

Ha

eepHOI<I1eJibiH

B Xo3ani1HeKOM

03epe

eynbcpaTa HaTpa, yrnet<11enoro .!'1 xnop11e1oro HaTpa o6'51CH Si eT

CSI TeM 06CTOSITenbeTBOM, '-ITO 4aeTb nHa 03epa COCTOI1T 113 Meprenei1 onl1rou,eHa , KOTOpbie Kat<pa3 11 1130611ny10T Ha3BaHHbiMI1
COJISIMI1.
KpoMe BbtweonHCaHHbiX o3ep, B f\xanKanaKCKOM ye3ne
11MeeTeSI HeCKOJibKO npyr11x, 6 onee MeJIKI1X 03ep, KOTOpbte He
CB513aHbt c 6accei1HOM p. TonapasaH. Bee OHI1 pacnonomeHbl B
BbieoKoropHoi1 o6nac111 CaMeap-f\6yncKoi1 Cl1eTeMbi . MHomecTso
MaJieHbKI1X 03ep, ni1TaiOW,11XeSI MHOr04viCJieHHblMI1 11CT04HVIKaMI1,
3anOJIHSIIOT Bnani1Hbl Ha CVIn bHO XOJIM I1 eTOH nosepXHOCTI1 Bb!CO
I<OrOpHOH '-laeTI1 3TOrO xpe6Ta .

B.

P eJCu u ucmo1-tnuJCu.

KaK yme ynoMI1Hanoeb Bbtwe, oeo6o

6naronp1151THbie y c-

JIOBI1SI nnSI rvmporpacp1111 f\xam<anai<eKo r o yeJna

soeTO'-IHaSI 11 cesepHa51 ero YaeTb.

npeneTaBnS!eT

rnaBHOH BOnHOH ap1ep11ei1, B KOTOpyiO Cni1BaiOTCSI n04T11

see f\xant<anaKe1<11e pe4KI1 11 11CTO'-IHI1KI1, 51Bn51eTC51 p . To na pasaH.
1) )J,-p

no HTIO XOB -

f1 XaJI Ka lla KC IH1H ye3l!.

1892

r ., CTp .

13.

53

PeKa TonapasaH BbiTeKaeT Vl3 IOH<HOH OKOHeYHOCTVI T onapasaHCKoro o3epa , nemaw.ero Ha

.!C O 1 e 2.075,54 MTp. Han ypOBHeM MOp51, VI Ha npOT51H<eHVIH
12 t<nM . TeYeT B IOro-3ana11HOM HanpasneHHI1 MeH<11Y MoKpbiMH

Ill

11 CaMcapCKI1MH ropaMH no nyrosoi1 uonHHe, a 3aTeM sna11aeT

s o3epo TyMaHren, HJJVI CaraMo, nemaw.ee Ha BbiCOTe 1.997,4
MTp. Han ypOBHeM M0p51. 0l<OJ10 Cen. faHn3a OHa npVIHHMaeT B
ce651 06HJlbHbie 11CT04HVIKH TOfO H<e Ha3BaHI151.
PeKa TonapasaH, npoi1n51 Yepe3 o3epo TyMaH-ren, ysenH'-111BaeT CBOH ne611T 3a CYeT HOBbiX VICT04HI1KOB, BnanaiOW,11X B
TyMaH-ren c cesepHoi1 11 c 3ana11Hoi1 CTopoHbi ero, VI nanee
TeYeT 6onee 10 KJJM . Ha 3ana11 snnoTb 110 cen . Oponmanap.
HenaneKo OT .nora cena B p. TonapasaH sna11aeT c nesoi1
cTopOHbi p. OpnosKa, o6pa3oBaHHa51 113 peYet<, BbiTeKa!Ow,vtx
H3 o3epa ManaTana H 6ymaweH. P. OpnosKa OKano cen. CaTxa np11HHMaeT B ce651 o611JlbHbie 11CTOYHI1KI1 Taro me Hai1MeHOBaHI151. 60JlbWa51 YaCTb 3THX XOJl011HbiX 11CTOYHI1KOB (6,2P),
no 11aHHbiM f\611xa, n051BI1nacb nocne CI1JlbHoro 3e MneTp51ceHH51,
HMeswero MeCTo B 1863 rouy 1 ). H11me cen. Opo11manap B p.
TonapasaH ana11aeT He6onbLUa51 peYKa, BbiTeKaiOw,a51 113 o3epa
XaHYanbi-ren.
TaKI1M o6pa3oM, see Bbtweoni1CaHHbie o 3epa: TonapasaH,
TyMaH-ren, ManaTana, 6yrnaweH H XaHYanbi, np11Ha11nemaT K
6accei1Hy p. TonapaBaH .

Vb o3epa TyMaH-ren, npopsaBWHCb no y3KOMY yw.enbiO

Memny CaMcapCKI1MI1 VI MoKpbiMH fopaM11, p. TonapasaH BbixonHT Ha f\xanKanaKCKYIO HaropHyiO paBHI1HY 11 npoX011HT y
n011HOH<HH KaMeHHCTbiX XOJlMOB, KOTOpbie HJ111 nOJJOfO cnycKaIOTC51 1< peKe HJJH o6pbiBaiOTC:51 y 6epera KPYTbiMI1 cKanaMH.
HVIH<e cen. ,Il,mHrpaweH peKa spe3bisaeTC51 B 110BOJlbHO
Y3Koe yw,enbe, orpaHI1YeHHoe snJIOTb 110 cen . Xocnl151 c nesoi1
CTOpOHbl 6a3aJlbTOBbiMH, a C npaBOH CTOpOHbl TpaXVITOBbiMH
JlaBaMH. Y Ha3BaHHOfO ceneHI151 peKa , BbiX01151 113 TeCHOfO
yw,eJlb51 11 np11H51B B ce651 C JleBOH CTOpOHbl He60JlbWOH XOJl011Hb!H V!CTOYHI1K (n051BI1BWI1HC51 nocne 3eMJleTp51CeH1151), TeYeT
1) r. f\6Hx- reoJIQfl151 f\pM51HCKOro Haropb51 . 1902 r. CTp. 15.

54

B paCWVIpeHHOH 4aCTVI yw,enb51, a 3aTeM BHOBb

yw,enbe, OrV16a10w,ee

C IOH{HOH

CTOpOHbl

yrny6n51eTC51 B

KpaCVIBbiH

XOnMVIK

TaswaH-Tana, c.no}!{eHHbiH uenVIKOM Vl3 TVIOVI4Horo TpaXVITa.

HMH{e cen. XocnVISI p. TonapasaH

Te4eT

no cKanVICTOMY

yw,enb!O, cno}!{eHHOMY Vl3 6a3anbTOBbiX nas, VI oKono

c. 6aspa,

C npaBOH CTOpOHbl, npVIHVIMaeT B ce651 He60nbWYIO pe4KY F\6yn

{6aspa), KOTOpa51 o6pa3yeTC51 Vl3 06MnbHbiX VICT04HVIKOB

Cene-

HI-151 TOrO H{e HMeHH. 3TH BeCbMa 06HnbHble HCT04HVIKH , npVIBO.ll51W,VIe B UBHH{eHHe HeCKOnbKO MenbHVII..I,, BbiCTynaiOT y OCHOBaHI-151 orpOMHOH OCbinVI
csoHx son. TaK, no

H OTnVI4aiOTC51

naHHbiM

TeMnepaType B03nyxa s

HH3l<OH

TeMnepaTypOH

F\6VIxa , s ceHT516pe MeC51Ue,

9,1 P, TeMnepaTypa

VICT04HV1Ka

npVI
6bina

5 ,2P 1 ) .
HanpoTMB rap. F\xanKanaKVI, c npasoi1 CTOpOHbi, B p. TonapasaH npeKpaCHbiM KacKanoM snanaeT oTnH4a!Ow,a51C51 KpVIcranbHOH

npo3pa4HOCTbiO

csoei1

BOUbi p. KynVIKaM, 6epyw,a51

CBOe Ha4ano Vl3 f\6napCKHX pOUHHKOB, pacnonOH{eHHbiX B

KnM.

cesepo-socToKy oT r. F\xanKanaKVI. TeMnepaTypa HCT04HVIKOB

soc.

Yw,enbe, s KOTopoe TonapasaH

XocnH51 ,

nocTeneHHO

yrny6n51eTC51

BHenp51eTC51

VI

6nVI3

B03ne

cen.

rap. F\xanKanaKH

npeUCT51BJ151eT y}!{e Vl3 ce651 rny6oKyiO BbiMbiBHYIO TeCHVIHy, UOCTVIra!Ow,yiO ,

500

no

Mepe

npH6nVIH{eHVI51

1<

cen. XepTBVIC, 6onee

MTp. rny6vtHbl.
Ha 3TOM npocTpaHCTBe, 6naronap51 npeKpaCHbiM 6oKOBbiM

-06Ha}!{eHVI51M 3p03110HHOrO

yw,enb51 , Bbi51Bn5110W,I1M BeCbMa Har-

J151UHble reonorvt4eCKHe pa3pe3bi , npenoasnSleTcSl B03MOH{HOCTb

nerKo . VI3Y411Tb reonorVI4ecKoe opoeHVIe 3TOH o6naCTVI.
H{e Harn51UHbie pa3pe3bi npencTasn51eT

rny6oKoe

TaKHe

yu.J,enbe

.Kbipx-6ynax--'-npVITOK p. TonapasaH .
.IJ,sa rny6oKVIX yw,enb51 coenHHSliOTC51

HVIH{e rop.

F\xanKa-

JiaKVI, VI F\xanKanaKcKoe nnaTo Me}!{ny HVIMI1 npencTaBn5leTC51

.BVIUe Y3Koro MbiCa

1)

r.

vtnVI

nonyooposa .

f\6Hx - reonon-tSI f\pMSIHCKOro Ha r opbSI. 1902 r ., CTp. 25.

55 ,

3ra peKa-neBbiH 6onbwol1 npvtroK

PcH a Kbrpl! 6yna/(.

napasaH-6eper

esoe

HaYano

p. To-

HenaneKo

or

o3epa XaHYanbi, K 3anany or Hero, 6nvt3 een. ,lJ,vtnvt, rne vt3non I<paeHbiX WJlaKOBVInHbiX nopon BbiTeKaJOT MHOrOYVICJleHHbie,
seebMa 06VIJlbHbie XOJlOnHbie vteTOYHVIKVI.
BMeere, reKyr

Bee OHVI, eoenvtH5151eb.

B eesepHOM HanpasneHvtvt , noYTVI

napannenbHO

p. TonapasaH , VI, noereneHHO yrny6n51~eb s 6a3anbTOBbie nasoBbie o6pa3oBaHvt51 , Hvtexon51T B rny6oKoe yw,enbe p. TonapasaH.
Yw,enbe p. Kbtpx-6ynax
JTVI

TaK<.e

nBa rny60KVIX yw,eJlb51

3p03VIOHHo r o npovtexo<.neHvt51.
51 BJ1 51 10Te51

Ha eTOJlb KO

3HaYvt -

TeJlbHbiM eereerseHHbiM npeHa<.eM, YTO HapywaJOr o6w,y10 rvtnporpavtYeeKyJO eB513b o6wvtpHoro f\xanKanaKeKoro nnaro. 6naronap51 3TOMY 06CT051TeilbeTBy , Bee vteTOYHVIKVI, nvtT aJO I.l..\VIe Haeene
Hvte,

Bbi6vtsaJOTe51

vt3

ei<nOHOB

yw,envtl1

p. p. TonapasaH 11

Kbtpx-6ynax, Me<.ny reM B HaropHOH paBHY1H e He 11Meere51

Hl1

onHOrO 11eTOYHI1Ka.
B yw,enbl1 p. TonapasaH nosonbHO o6Y1nbi-I bie 11eTOY HY1KV1
BbJ611BaJOTest

113- non 6a3anbTOBbiX

peKH, 611113

He60JlbWOH YaeOBHH, paenono<.eHH OH

nas,

no

npasoi:1

er opoHe
Ha

neBOH

eropoHe yel'b51 p. Kyn~-tKaM. ,IJ,pyroi1 11eTOYI-IY1K BbiTe Kaer oKono

MOCTa Yepe3 p. TonapasaH, Ha nesol1
w oi1 HeTOYHHK

HMeeTe51

TaK<.e

ee

BbiWe

er op oHe.

He6onb-

rHnp o 3J1 e KTpHYeeKO H

CTa i-IU,VIvt 11 woeee no HanpasneHVIJO K ropony .

HeeKOJlbKO

He3HaYvtTeJlbHbiX

vteTOYHVIKOB

Bbi 6J.1 BaeTe51

p aH OI-Ie rHnp0-3JleKTpHYeeKO H eTaHL.I,HH . nY1TbeB bi e Hy<.nbl soeIO ' !I-I OH YaeTI1 ropona o6eny<.I1BaJOTe51
11111<a M11,

Bbi611BaJOW,11MI1e51 611113

11eKJ110 YVI TeJl bHO

MOeTa

Ha

11eTOY

f\a x anKailaKeKOM

1110eee.
Y w,enbe p. Kbtpx-6ynax OTJ111Yaere51 6onee o 6vtnbHbiM11 11e' 0' 111 1II<a M1-1 . (aMble MOW,Hble 113 HVIX,
111 11<11 '-lanraH- nyHrap, Haxon51Te51

TaK Ha3biBaeMble

K eesepy or

p OIIr<n: JlO p e BOJliOL.I,VIVI BOna OTeJOna nepeKaYvtBanaeb

rr t,lii r oponoK. ,IJ,pyr11e nsa vteTOYHvtKa paenono<.eHbi

tro ti

r opo He p . Kbipx - 6ynax. OnvtH

vt3

HI1X,

vteTOY-

soeHHoro

no.li

r o-

B BOeHHa

npa -

Ha3BaHvteM

Jl f1(><1Xa ll et<VIH, paenono<.eH HenoepenerseHHO non roponoM,

n o

II( "UM '-1 II JIOX O OTpamaeT e51 Ha ero no6pO KaYeeTBeHHOeTvt ; n py-

roi:1 - - Bbixon11r BbiWe no yw.enbJO pe1<11, OI<ono

3ananHOH 4aCTI1 ropona nOJlb3YIOTC51 BOllOH

6aHb.

3TI1X

.>K11ren11

11CT04HI11<0B

ll1151 ni1Tb51.
V!Meerc51 ew.e Macca npyr11x MeJ1KI1X ponHI1KOB, pacnono>t<eHHbiX no neaoi:1 cropoHe p. Kbipx-6ynax . Me>t<ny roponoM 11 BOeHHbiM ropOlli<OM, 06f:a3yJOW,11X He60JlbWI1e 60J10TI1CTbie

y4aCTKI1

B yw,e11 bl1 . .n1151 X a paKTep11CTI11<11 3H1X 11CT04HI1 KOB C411TaeM

J111WHI1M np11BeCTI1 aHaJ1113bl HeKOTOpbiX 113

HI1X,

Hbie B BOeHHO-Mell11l.J,I1HCI<OH 11a6opar0p1111 B

TaTbl aHaJ1113a 1 1111rpa BOllbi B rpaMMax) 1):

f\6na pCKHe
pOllHHKH(B
5 KJJM. Or
ropona)

np0113BeneH-

1899

r.

(pe3yJlb-

PO.IlHHK y

He

PoAHHKn
tia.llrau-ITyHrap
(n Y"lcun KLIJIX-

MOCra Ha p.
TonapasaH

J;y.ax)

~--- ---~-=--=
-=c"-'=========i=====-"-=

Y rneKHCJJ. Harp .
H3BeCTb

(Na 2 C0 3 )

0,0161

(Ca(Oa)

0,0082

0,0876
0,0694

0,0833

0,0189

0,0682

0,1581

(MgCOa)

MarHHH
CepHOKHCJJ. Harp
H3BeCTb

(-Na 2S0 4 )
(CaSO.,)

cne,LJ,bl

0,0094
0,0329

0,0009

(NaCI)

XnopHCTbiH Harp

0,1156

0KHCb )l<eJJe3a H fJJHH03eM

. (Fe20 3+ i'11 20a)

cne.llbl

0,0008

cne)lbl

KpeMHe3eM

0,0264

0,0218

OpraHH YeC I<H e sewecrsa

- - - - - - - --

0,0002

0,0276

- --

0,0286

0,0089

0,0550

----7-- --- - - -- ----- - - --

0,0707

0,2680

I.
1

06u.taS! )He CTK OCTb

rp anycax

HeMei.IKHX

I ,72

so

TeMneparyp a

A~~;;H ~c~oY~HKO.B

_s .

s_e~p~x .

0,0049

B l

KaK Bl1nHo 113 3TI1X aHaJ11130B,

0,4792

'

8,4

!7,40

10,25

10,25

18.720

80.000

A6napc1<11e ponHI11<11 na10r

npeKpacHyJO BO BCeX OTHOWeHI151X 011TbeByJO BOllY 11 OTJ1114aJOTC51

/

1) F\. X. fpHropbes
1903 r ona.

H 11. F\.

WraKMaH-nHrbeBbre

BOAbi

KasKaJa.

57

secbMa Manoi1 mecn<OCTbiO. Ocyw.ecTBneHI1e npoeKTa sononposona 113 3HIX 11CTOYHI1KOB naCT r . f\xanKanaKI1 npeKpaCHYIO no
KaYeCTsy sony. Bonbi

me

LJanraH-nyHrap

oTni1YaiOTC51 nosonb-

HO 60J1bWOH H<eCTKOCTbiO.
BecbMa o611nbHbie 11 MHOrOYI1CneHHbie
IOTC51 B yw,enbe

p. TonapasaH

MenKI1X pbiXnbiX OTnOH<eHI1H ,

MI1 naBaMI1.

Cyu51

11CTOYHI1KI1 snY1sa-

113-non Tonw,H

synKaHHYeCKI1X

nonCTI1naioW,11X non 6a3anbTOBbJ -

no npeKpaCHbiM

reonori1YeCKvtM

pa3pe3aM,

o6pa3oBaBWI1MC51 scneucTBvte 3p03110HHbiX npou,eccos B yw,enbl1

p. Tonapasa1-1 vt ee rnaBHbiX
Yai1,

np11TOKOB -

HI1<HHe rOp1130HTbl yw,enb51

K b ip x-6yna x 11 K.opx-

CnOH<eHbl

V1 3 6 a3anbTOBbiX

naB, Han KOTOpblMI1, B 3TI1X paHOH aX , no Ct<nOHaM yw,enb51 BbJCTynaeT nOBOJ1bHO

MOW,HaSI TOnW, a

nenvtTOBbiX

rni1HI1CTblX 06-

pa30BaHHH, nepecnoeHHbiX c oTnomeHI1eM sy n~<aHHYecKoro necKa , nenna 11 MenKHX synKaHvtYeCKI1X Bbt6pOCOB,

TOpblX MeCTaMI1 nocr11raer

30

MOW,HOCTb KO-

MTp. B ee 3 Tvt OTJIO>t<e HI-151, B cso10

OYepellb, BHOBb llOKpblTbl 6a3aJ1bTOBbiMI1 noKpO BHbl MI1 naBaMI1.

noYTVI

see 11CTOYHI1K11

yw,enb51

HI1<HI1X rOp1130HTOB 3TI1X

pacnonoH<eHHblX
nas.

Me<ny nsyM51

Bee 11CTOYHI1KI1 11 Kononu,bi

C5ITCSI K 3Toi1

TonapaBaH

BbiTeKaiOT 113

o6pa30BaHI1S\MI1
cen. ,lJ,11n11cK a

6 a3anbTOBbiX
TaK<e OTHO-

pbixnoi1 sonoHOCHoi1 Tonw,e. Boo 6w,e TO

Moe MOH<HO CKa3aTb

BaiOW,I1XC51

synKaHI1YeCKVIX pb1XJ1 b i X OT no<eHI1H,

H11H<e

peWI1TenbHO 0

BCeX 11CTOYHI1KaX,

C.C. npTeHa, LJyHYXeJl

HCTOYHI1Kax yw,enbSI peKVI TonapasaH,

11 0

me

ca-

Bbi6VI-

np aB 06epeH<HblX

BbJTeKaiOw,vtx

113 CKJ10

HOB yw,enb51 , Me>I<ny ceneHI151MVI K.opx VI ToK.

Oco6eHHO MOUJ.HO

Bbi611BaiOTC51

11CTOYHHKvt

secHOIO VI B

HaYan e neTa , nocne TaSIHI-151 CHeros VI o6HnbHbiX nomnei1 . Bonbi

11x nosonbHO meCTKVI 11 conep<aT MHOro nsyyrneKI1Cnoro KanbU,HSI, 0

YeM CBI1neTenbCTBYIOT o6pa30BaHVI51

na nosonbHO

BHYWVITenbHbiX

Bc51 3ananHa51
rny6oKVIMVI

Ha MeCTe 11X BbiXO-

cnoes 113BeCTKOBbiX

YaCTb f\xanKanaKCKOH

oTnomeHVIH .

paBHHHbi

H3pe3aHa

yw,enbSir111 p. p. TonapasaH, K.bipx-6ynax 11 K.opx-

Yai1, a B norpaHVIYHOH 3ananHoi1 YaCn1-yw,enbeM pei-<11 K.ypbi.

Bc 51 3Ta MeCTHOCTb, KaK 6binO yKa3aHo BbiWe, noKpbna 6a3aJlbTOBbiM

llOKpOBOM,

nepeKpblTbiM,

MOW,HbiM CJ10eM r11V!Hbl

58

B CBOIO

11 paCTVITeJ1bHOH

OYepenb, nOBOJ1bHO

nOYBbi-YepH03eMOM.

Bee yw,enbSl

:no~ 4acn1 f\xanKanaKCKO~

HaropHOH

paBHHHbt

HrpatOT npeHHpytOW.YJO ponb. 11TMocepHbJe ocanKH, nanaSI Ha

3TY 4aCTb
npOHHKaiOT

nnaTO, 4epe3 Tpew,HHbl

B 6onee HH>KHHe

6a3anbTOBbiX OTD.enbHOCTeH

rOpH30HTbl

BOD.OnpOHHU,aeMblX

pblXJlbiX sym<aHH4eCJ<HX OTnO>KeHHH H OTTyD.a, B BHD.e MOW,HbiX

HCT04HHKO B, BbiXOD.SlT no CKnOHaM npeHHpyiOW,HX yw.enHH.
B
HHHe ,

eHny 3THX npH4HH

3aKnl04eHHOM

BepXHOeTH nnaTO

f\xanKanaKeKOH

HaropHOH pas-

Me>Kny 3THMH yw,enb51Mvt ,

HnH B006W,e B ero BepXHHX

BCTpe4aJOTe Sl pOD.HHKH,

BblXOD.SlW,He

Bee 6e3 HeKnJOYeHHSI

H3 CI<JlOHOB

Ha

HHrD.e Ha no ropH30HTaX He

Ha D.HeBHYIO noBepXHOCTb .

HeT04HHKH 3TOH MeeTHOeTH Bbi6HBaJOTCSl

D.peHHPYIOW.HX yw,enH~ H3-nOD.

6a3anbTOBblX naB .

TaKoe 3ai<OHOr"'epHoe SlBneHHe Ha6nJOnaeTeSl TaKme H B yw,enbH

p . Kypbl,

HaxonSlw,eMeSl

B 3ananHOH

nnaTo. Mow,HbJe IKT04HHI<H

YaeTH

w,He B D.BH>KeHHe Heei<OJlbi<O MeJlbHHU,)

6a3anbTOBbiX naB.

f\xanKanaKeKoro

6nH3 ceneHHSl KyMypno (npHBOD.Sl-

3THMH BOD.aMH

TCJI<>Ke BbiXOD.SlT H3-nOD.

opowaJOTeSl Bee eaD.bl

een.

MapraeTaH , lJ,yHna, HaKanai<eBH. nHTbeBble HeT04HHI<H c.c. KyMY?D.O.

KHIIbD.a,

B 3TOM

pa~OHe

Ksapwa ,

yw.eiibSl H3-non Tex

me

XaHno,

ToK

BbJTeKaiOT

H np.

cen.

H3 eKnOHOB

6a3anbTOBbiX naB .

0TeyTeTBHe BblXOD.OB
OrpOMHOM

f\nnmesa,

Bee-6e3 HeKJII04eHHSl

npoCTpaHeTBe,

BOD.bl Ha

D.HeBHYlO nosepXHOCTb Ha

3aKnl04eHHOM

Me>KD.Y

yKa3aHHbiMH

yw,eiibSl MH, 51 BJ1SleTeSI rnaBHOH npH4HHOH TOrO, 4TO Ha 3TOH o6WHpHO~ paBHHHe He

HMeeTeSl HH OD.HOrO HaeeJieHHOrO nyHKTa .

Bee eena paenono>HeHbJ

we

no t<pa51M npeHHpytOw,Hx yw.enH~ , Bbl-

Bbi6HBalOW,HXeSl H3 sepXHHX YaeTeH HX

CI<JlOHOB pOD.HHI<OB.

Ap eHHpy ioula51 cnoeo6HoeTb 3THX yw.enHH SlBnSleTe51 1 -ai<me

4HHO~ TOrO $1BneHH51,

'HO MHOrHe H3

een

npH-

B HaeTOSlW,ee BpeMSl,

H33a HenoCTaTI<a BOD.bl , nepeMew,alOTeSl B npyrHe YaeTH ye3na,

KaK,

HanpHMep,

CeJl. roraweH, paenOJlO>KeHHOe B IOf0-3anan-

HO~ YaeTH ye3na, Ha I<palO yLL~enbSl p. Kypbi.

vb- 3a OTeyTeTBHSl BblXOD.OB BOD.bl Ha D.HeBHYIO nosepXHOeTb,
I<peeTbSlH e Ceil, paenOJJO>I<eHHbiX B IO>I<HOH 4aCTH f\xanl<aJJai<CKOrO
ye3na (c. Ba 4Ha H , Kypy-D,anew, roraweH H HeKOTOpble npyme}.
BbiHymneHbl 6bJBaJOT D.IISl esoHx eo6CTBeHHbiX Hymn H
D.OMaWHero

nn51

HY>I<ll

CI<OTa 3HMOIO ynOTpe6n51Tb paCTOnneHHbiH eHer.

59

B 3TVIX eeneHVISlX
n o Meu~eHvt51

>J.Je

npVI

Ka<noM

noMe yCTpa11BatOTe51 oeo-

nn51 paCTonKI1 eHera, 'Ha3bisaeMbie eenbYaHa-

MI1 .. KapJJ biX " , T.-e. MeeTO nn51 eHera.

npyr11X 11eTOYHVIKOB, ll11Ta!O~f1X p. TonapasaH, .enenyeT

vb

y J<a3a Tb e~e Ha peKy Kopx-Yai1 11 peKy Lfo6apeT , snana10~1-1X

11 pa soi1 ee eTopOHbi, no enHSlHHSI e p. Kypoi::i.

0Ha

Pe Ka 4o6apeT.

eoeTaBJJSleTeSl . 113

peYeK

Lfo6apeT 11

TeTpos-Yai1. 3TVI nse peYKI1 6epyT esoe HaYano

''a

ee sepHbiX

CJ< JIOHax

norpaHHYHbiX

sepw11H

Kapa-KaSl

ropax f\xanKanaKeKoro ye3na, Ha

VI , eoeni1HSl51eb

Xa H.IlO , snanatOT B p. TonapasaH 6JJH3

Pe wa

peYeK .LJ.<apyn-ey,
1OJ<O B.

nepBbie

nsa

Kapa-J<a51

6epyT esoe HaYano Ha eesepHbiX norpa-

11

LfapenVI ,

ll e r o mvtKOB , Bbi6!1Bai0~11XeSl
,,.\ 0 3epa

een .

XMeTMxesVI 11 npOYI1X npVI-

B03BbiWeHHOeTSlX f\xaJJKaJJa KeKOfO

JICPIJJVIH

BMeeTe Hl1<e
f\naeTaH.

PeKa Mei~.LJ.<yp 11n11 Kopx o6pa3yeTe51 113

M~L! - AK<yp.

, , ~-~ ' I HblX

een.

6 JJI1 3

ye 3na ,

fVIeu-.LJ.<yp

een.

113 eJ<JJOHOB

o 6 pa 3yeTe51

113

Lfxapyna, llOBVIni1MOMy ,

11 113 np11TOJ<OB, 6epy~VIx esoe HaYano

Ta6MuxypVI,

11.1 3a n a nHbiX eJ<JJOHax oTporos CaMeapeJ<oro xpe6 Ta , 6JJI13

een .

M c peH I1 Sl 1-1 Y1xn111a. TeMnepaTypa 3TI1X MeTOYHI1J<OB He npeBbiIIJ <lC T

60

P.

Bee

OHVI

eny<aT VIeTOYHMJ<aMVI CaMeap-YaSI, np11-

' OJ< a Meu-.LJ.<ypa. B pai:1oHe een e HI1i1 Y1xTI1na, MepeHI151 , KoTe J III ~I .

6 yraweH ,

6anxo

~1 e o llll p a MI1 TeYeT no

I

d MI1 p aBHVIHe,

111 11p01<0 p a eKI1HYTOro

een.

3aK

YaeTb

3Tl1X np11TOI<OB Y3f<MMI1

06W11pHOH , no!<pbiTOH npe!<paeHbiMYI

ny

npenCTaBJJSl!O~eH , tlOBI1nf1MOMy, 6 biBWee JJOH<e

11pono>t< VIJJVI ee6e

11 MY 6 n113

11

o3epa. BnoeneneTBMM sonbi 3Toro o3epa

nopory K rny6oKOMY y~enbtO , paenono>eH 3aJ<, J<OTopoe,

noCTeneHHO yrny 6 n 51 51eb, HVI<e

Le n . K o px eoeni1HSleTeSl e y~enbeM p. TonapasaH .

Pe 1< a Meu.LJ.<yp, 11n11
J<o px,

51BJJ 51 eTeSl

HCI<niOY I1 TeJJbHO
e~:~e p H O i1 YaCTI1

eaMbiM

J<aK

ee

6onbWI1M

lli1TaeTeSl

Ha3biBafOT s Hl1 30Bb51X-p.

npMTOJ<OM p. TonapasaH 11

XOJJOnHbiMYI

ponHI11<0BbiMVf

BOllaMI1

ye 3na , OTJJI1Ya!O~l1MI1e51 nOeT051HeTBOM eaoero

Jte6 11 Ta.
Pe Ka TonapasaH ,

npi1HVIMaSl B ee651

see

3TVI - npVITOKH 1-1

~ICT O YHJ.if{ l-1 , e 60JJbWI-1M yneJJbHbiM BeeOM , 11 J<aeJ<anaMI1 , B Bl1ne

60

6ypHbiX nepenanos, yCTpeMnS!eTcSI Ha cesep 11 OI<ono cen. XepTBI1C, pacnono<eHHOro

cesepHoi1

YaCTI1

6onee

f\xani<anai<ci<oro

np11 CJ111SIHI111 o6pa30BaHO

peHI1e,
MbiBa

SIBnSIIOW,eeCSI
pei<

11

YeM Ha

500

nnaTo,

MTp. HI1H<e ypoBHSI

snanaeT B p. Kypy,

rpOMallHOe U,11pX006pa3HOe paCWI1-

pe3ynbTaTOM COBOI<YilHblX neHCTBI1H pa3-

aTMOCcpepHblX

areHTOB.

TOfO nyHKTa llOJlHHa

pa3MbiBa p. Kypbi, HMeiOw,aSI CHJlbHO pacYneHeHHOe CTpoeHHe,

yxoni1T

srny6b

Ha

10r.

sepxHel1 YaCTI1 csoel1, B npenenax

f\xanKanai<ci<oro ye3na 11 oi<ono cen. Hai<anai<eBI1 11 MapraCTaH

OHa

npenCTasneHa_ B s11ne yCTynoo6pa3HbiX yYaCTI<OB, noi<pbt~

TblX npeKpaCHblMH canaMI1 6J1113JleH<aW,I1X ceneHI1H.

BcnencTsHe

onon3HeBbiX

SIBJleHI111,

11MeswHx MeCTO

Ha

3TOM yYaCTI<e cpenH MOW,Hb!X 11 pblXJlblX neniOBHaJlbHblX OTJlOH<eHl-1H,

Ha

ODHOM

113 yCTynos o6pa30BanOCb MaJleHbi<Oe, HO

nosonbHO rny6oi<oe 03epo.

3ai<aHYHBaSI

o6w,ee

on11caH11e r11nporpacp1-111 f\xanKanai<-

CI<oro ye3na, cnenyeT, B HeCI<OJlbi<I1X cnosax, ynOMSIHYTb Tai<H<e

0

Ml-1HepanbHblX

11CTOYHI1KaX,

np051BJleHHblX B f\xani<aJlai<CI<OM

ye3ne.

MHHePBBbHbte HtJOqHHKH.
HecMoTp51 Ha TO, YTO f\xani<anai<CI<VIH ye3n SIBJ151J1Cst
Hol1 ew,e HenaBHHX
HVIH , s HeM

HMeeTC51

MHHepaJlbHblX

ape-

MHOrOYI1CJleHHblX syni<aHVIYeCKVIX VI3BepH<ecpaBHI1TenbHO

HCTOYHHI<OB,

He6onbwoe

CB513aHHblX

no

I<OllHYeCTBo

60JlbWeH YaCHt C

synKaHHYeCKHI'II1 npoueccal'!l1 .
*~
Ha1-16onbwel1 113BecnmcTbiO nonb3YIOTC51 cnenyiOw,He M~He
panbHWe HCTOYH11I<I1:

noj(nH-,ll)l(epMyK, B yw,eJlbl1 p. Kypbl, 611H3 cen. Hai<anaKeBH, yrnei<I1CJlO-W,eJlOYHU-COJ151HOH 11CTOYHI1K C He3HaYI1TeJlbHblM ne611TOM.
MpaKosanb<:KHH yrnei<I1cno-menoYHbiH, c nosonbHO
WHM

ne611TOM,

HaXOllHTCSI

B IOr0-3ananHOH

6onbYaCHt

ye3na, 6n113 cen. Mpai<osan.

~o3anHH<:KHH 1 6n113 03epa

Xo3ani1H, xononHbiH

cepH11CTO-

COJ151HOH HCTOYHI1K C He3HaYI1TeJlbHbiM ne611TOM.

61

OnoaeHUAmyp, 6m13 cen. f\naCTaH, cepHHCTbJH

HCTOYHHJ<,

C TeMnep,a TypOH B 20(., C He60JlbWHM ne6HTOM.

OnoAHHCKHH 1 6nH3 cen. Onona, w,enoYHOcomJHOcepHHCTbJH

HCTOYHHJ< C ne6HTOM OJ<OJlO

4.500 Benep B CYTJ<H, C

TeMnepaTypoi1 s 15oc.
~aHA0 1

6nH3

cen. XaHno,

w,enoYHo-cepHHCTbJH

TennbJH

HCT04HHJ<.

BapoitcKHH-TennblH cepHHCTbJH HCTOYHHJ<.

En-AmepMyK- TennbJH cepHHCTbJH HCTO'JHHJ< .
Bee 3TH HCTOYHHKH HMeJOT nHwb MeCTHoe 3HaYeHvte, "' HH
OllHH H3 HHX He npenCTaBJl5JeT OC06eHHOH u,eHHOCTH llJl51

6onee

WHpOI<OfO HCnOJlb30BaHH5J; 3TOMY MewaeT J<aK naJlbHOCTb paC

CT05JHH51, Tal< H OTCYTCTBHe xopowHx nyTei1 coo6w,eHH51 . OnHa
J<o, npHHHMaSI so BHHMaHHe MeCTHbJe

HYH<llbl,

cnenosano

6bJ

o6paTHTb Ha HHX BHHMaHHe H npellOCTaBHTb nocew,aJOW,HM 3TH

HCTOYHHJ<H 6onbHbJM xoT51 6bJ HeJ<OTOpble yno6CTBa. MecTHbJe <H
TeJJH nOJib3YIOTC51 HMH 3a4aCTyiO 6e3 BC5JJ<Of0 BpaY e6 HOfO COBeTa
H

neYaTC51

OT

caMbJX

pa3Hoo6pa3HbJX 6one3Hei1.

HeJ<OTOpble

H3 3THX HCTOYHHJ<OB nOJib3YIOTC51 CpenH MeCTHbiX H<HTenei1 OCO

6oi1 cnasoi1; 6onbHbJe cTe~<aiOTC51 co scex J<oHu,os ye3na H na<e
H3 ropona. Me<ny npoYHM, oco6oi1 cnasoi1 non b3yeTC51 noxnHA<epMyJ<, pacnono<eHHbJH B yw,enbH p. Kypbl, 6nH 3 cen. HaJ<anaJ<eBH.
f\HaJlH3 BOllbl 3TOfO HCT04HHJ<a , npOH3BeUeHHbiH
paTopHH HapKOM3npasa

CCPr

B na60

s 1926 r., noJ<a 3arJ conep<aHHe

B OllHOM JIHTpe BOllbl (B rpaMMax):

XnopHCTOro HaTpa

0,62040,

6pOMHCToro

HaTpa

0,00005,

nayyrneJ<!-1Cnoro HaTpa 1,26856, nayyrneKHcnoro Kan H51 - 0,32632,

nayyrneKHCJ<OfO

MafHH51 - 0,26827,

nayyrneJ<HCJlOfO

0,07029,

3aJ<HCH

<ene3a

0 ,00147,

cepHOKHcnoro

0,16928,

OJ<HCH

aJJIOMHHH51- 0,03600,

KaJlbli,H51 -J<aJJbU,H51

1<peMHe3eMa - 0,05800.

Bcero 2,81859 rp. cyxoro ocTaTJ<a.

Ha OCHOBaHHH 3THX naHHbiX XHMHYeCI<OfO

aHaJll.13a,

no-

XJlH-.0,<epMyJ< OTHeCeH K W,eJl04HOCOJl51HbiM HCT04HHI<aM, H Bona

ero
62

npH3HaHa

HMe!Ow,ei1

neYe6Hoe 3Ha4eHHe. HecMoTp51 Ha

HYI4TO>t<Hbl~ ne6\1T :HOfO YICT04HHKa, npHMHTHBHOCTb o6opynoBaH>1 5l, a Ta K>t<e ll.YIKOCTb Yl TPYllHYIO noCTynHOCTb :noro yronKa,
Ha4Y!Ha5l

secHbl,

c10na

co6HpaeTC51

Macca

6onbHbiX.

He-

6onbwo~ npHMI1TI1BHO~ BaHHe, 6e3 C06niOll.eHI151 CaMblX OCHOBHbi X

npaBYin fYifHeHbl,

nopa>t<eHHble

pa3Hb1MH

KynaiOTCSl

Oll.I1H

6one3H51MYI

Yl,

3a

npyrHM

KOHe4HO,

60nbHble,
3a4aCTyiO,

sMeCTo Hcu,eneHH5l, nonyYaiOT HOBble 6one3HYI.

63