Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 17

!

"#$ &'()
*+,- ./01 2"34567
869': 8";<6 5"=>7 ;+69?) @"=9A B
&C'D"E 8";<>"'C)

F</$ &0G;H= I"?J>"'C)


KL

: 29HHM &C?$
FCP= Q+69?) R"H+>"M - 7NE ="5 6N:O
ST >"?)

: FCP= O6 &0G;H= I"?J>"'C)


(H'I J*! F+($G DE1C) , =B C> A8> ! 0+ ?*@+ =>(8<! 0:;( 789 4 56( 01+23 -./ , &*+ % ") &'( "! "#$% !
?W3$% "W:L1C+ T 9 TI J*! V<3 &'E1S*! .=3( "R$L+ &'( IQ 0:;( O/ P+ N( 4 56( "! ?*@+ N( <6M D L16( K$@6 ,
0+ E*](,E*[ T 9 TI J*!N( 0BE! &*C\J9 , 06$.G T 9 TI J*! N( TI *5!. =3( 0'(Z[ Q($+ , YM "! X$!E+ ?*@+
IQ , KQI,M I W! "W! 0'a !E*+ , `E+ 9 TI J*! &'( N( 0BE! . QQE] FL1C+ 4 56( "! 0'(Z[ Q($+ , YM ^'E_ N( 86($%
?W3$% &+HW+ T W9 =*+$J5W+E*g6 Ef'Q 0BE! . 8C) 21P+ (I "e+ # N( 0e*3, d*_ =3( &cJ+ K %$) 4 +N b8+
0W%M T 9 F56 IQ 0c*16m D21B(, 9 4 _E3 N,E! lP3 b8+ N(IQ k J% Ej( IQ =3( &cJ+ i$J3 , &*fC3 b(H:h
ohQ N( 0> 6) 4 ]86$# , b(ES/ ,A($9 AYM "! X$!E+ ":L1C+ T 9 TI J*! V<3 &'E1S*! 0n*@+ F+($G &*! N( . Q$>
.8> ! 0+ ( 8'(N Q($+ =3IQ 6
0; B ='$R,( N( A"e+ # IQ 9 TI J*! &'( I S16( =GE3 , a ! E*+, `E+ pE6 F*RQ "! YM N( (N TI J*! F+($G 7Z/
. 86I(QI$BE! TE1J) 0P56 =*J9( N( Al:_ =;Eh F+($G "! i$3$+ YM IQ (N TI J*! F+($G N( 0BE! . =3( I(QI$BE!
8'8<% (I 4(8CJR 3 , 0CJ'( V15*3 D21B( I qQ Q(Eh( hE; , 86$> 0J6 0L:% (N TI J*! A TQ G ?'(E> IQ F+($G &'(
. 8CC) 0+
") 0' s6M N( .=3( VR 3 068*+ >M YM N( TI(QI$BE! i8G A=hES*r D / IQ T 9I$S) 01>(8<! b2cS+ N( TI *5!
4,8W! 8W> ! 0W+ Y$:n+ 068*+ >M YM N( T8C+ KE<! ,E] IQ 4 56( =+23 , =3( VR 3 4 56( AI(8' r "e3$% I$@+
=W*J9( Hw W/ TQ uW1v(, 01>(8<! 8e! ,Q N( YM. QI(86 Q$#, A"e+ # K hI , =Pt+ =+23 T(E! 0' # VR 3 YM &*+ %
W! YM 01W>(8<! 8e! N(. =3( TNI, S) =*R eh xy! ^6,I , =eC; pEq K86I,MIQ =)E/ "! TQ u1v( 8e! N(. =3(
.=3( TEf'Q K86N T *6Q 4M 0'($1@+ =e3, ! , TE9 { Fc> ! YM . =3( 4 56( =+23 K8CC) &*Jz% A=*.*)
2,CM"- B U!"< KL
A|6I &1>(Q , Y$:n+ 6 KH+ ! ' I8), VR 3 YM (E'N . 8> ! H*6 KH*) r =3( iNa 4Q$! VR 3 E! K,2G A 068*+ >M YM
8C) (8*r x'(E] T( KH*) r E9 { "! YM 7E_ "! K8CC) 7Eu+ , "1hE] I(Ev K8CC) 7Eu+ }(E1G( QI$+ =3( &cJ+
TEWnB 4M 7EuW+ b8+N(IQ IQ 01/ ") =3( 0!M VR 3 YM . 8> ! Y$:n+ 6 A0!,Ec*+ , 0' *J*> =*.*) Eg6 N( ")
QI$+ 0Ce' " KH*) r 8' ! "c:! 8> ! VR 3 2+ ) <C% "6 068*+ >M YM Q$> 0+ "*;$% . 8Cc6 Q s'( K8CC) 7Eu+ T(E!
.Q$J6 0L:% " 068*>$6 " ' " 0C1hE'Zr " 4($% 0+ (I 0!M &*Cq . 8> ! V9 K8CC) 7Eu+ 8C5r
.QQE] 0+ Y y16(, 0! 'NI( 01B C> Y,Ec*+, 0' *J*>$c'H*h =*.*) &**e% ^'E_ N( 068*+ >M YM

:U!"< KL I": VWJB


. 8> ! (N TI J*! K86N F+($G N( TI G
. 8> ! I,M 4 'N 0' *J*> Q($+ N( TI G
. 8> ! "1>(Q $Pn+ Ve_, A$! , |6I 4,8!
.8> ! 0f6 B 7I u+ T(E! KQ .13( F! v
2

FW! vE*[ YE> T(E! , KQ$RM ((I 4M ,Q , ' QI$+ K'$! )8> ! "1>(86 (I $h T 9 0]', N( QI$+ ,Q ' ' ") 0!M
.8C6(Q 0+ 7Eu+

:27/!L KL XJN#$
(I 8W> ! 01eCW;, 0f6 B Y2 h , b e' A0J3 0' *J*> Q($+ A0:f6( ' 06$.G T(N TI J*! F+($G T(I(Q ") 0!M
:N( 8C%I PG YM K8C'aM o! C+. QE*] 0+ b S6 A06 56( T 9 =*R eh N( YM 0]Q$RM. 8C'$] KQ$RM YM
.QI(QE! IQ (I E'Zr "'Hs% 0RM Q($+ , (N TI J*! K86N F+($G ") YM8C]- dR(
.0G$Cu+ K8*\*r 0' *J*> Q($+ ' TH:h T 9 J6 N( 0J3 F+($G K86I(Q E! IQ 01eC; , TI s% 8w(N Q($+- Y
. 9 x) =hM , 9Q$) E*g6 TNI, S) T 9 K8C'aM -
.(N$%Er Q($+ , (0%I(E/ 0]Q$RM ) +E] 8C6 + 0c'H*h T 9 K8C'aM- Q
OG ! ") QE) d'Ee% YM 0c' m$R$*! , 0' *J*> A0c'H*h ($B IQ Y$:n+ 6 E**% ' 4($CG "! 4($% 0+ (I 0]Q$RM
.Q$> 0+ K86N b(Q$#$+ E' 3 ' 4 56( T 9 =*R eh , L! A=+23 &1B(86( EnB "!

Z"4H= NY5 O6 KL V7/!L


:NCY5 ;A"H+ Q(JO Z"4H= ") V7/!L
TI J*! , 'N,E*3$1RA0R$) *S'E>( =:G "! D <3( AD 'E1) ! 06$B D <3( A4M K P>( , "Pu/ A !,: 9 TE1) ! -dR(
. 9E1) !$:*J) N( 0> 6 0>I($] 01/(I 6 , c*1*R$),E16M *C*3E' N( 0> 6
$W)( A0) 5W)$) T W9 k,EW', N( 0W> 6 T W9 TI WJ*! AD W._( W:h A0W3,E', T W9 =W*% 9: 9 k,E', -Y
.03,E', ='E16M,E13 ],
F+ G T !$+ 16 )(, 0P*+M =*R .56M$fCC+ 8R$+ TER, h 'E:f6 A'N '8*16a ! A'N 'QI 'm A'N *P*+M: 9Ew,N$%,Er -
.05.C% 01/(I 6 , ='CC+
TI WJ*!Ak$R$c6$)(IQ AN,8W*%(8*9 A'N 'I cW3M A4(E] C> I B TI J*! A'N *+,N$15*> : 0:f6( T 9 iE) -Q
.09 + TI($6 iE) , I(8!2v iE) N( 0> 6
A*15*3,Ec*+ ?3$% i$J3 &'( A8CC) 0+ T8P) 01/(I 6 Q s'( ") 0+$J3 : 9 TE1) !$6 *3 N( T8*R$% i$J3 -K
0+ IQ T r N( (I QEhA4QI$B N( r =G 3 24 0_ 9 4M N( 0> 6 T8P) =*+$J5+ ") 'Ia,Q$6 , C! 6M A 'I$% 2*3(
.QI,M

: 59C="+L KL I[/!/JN;M") @"C\/]A


, TI,M oWJ# 0WC*e+ 4 W+N D$_ IQ ") 0R($1+ T 9 "6$J6 ^'E_ N( 4($% 0+ (I 068*+ >M YM 0c'm$R$'E1) ! =*.*)
T W9 TE1) W! D WL16( OWG ! A06 5W6( $h8W+ ' Y2 h ?3$% YM 0]Q$RM D J1/( .Q$J6 yS+ Q$> 0+ 0! 'NI(
"W! YM IQ (I (N TI WJ*! T 9 TE1) ! &**e% 4 c+( 'm$R$'E1) ! 8'8# T <>,I "c6M ! .QQE] 0+ T( KQ,I T(H'I J*!
0' 3 C> , TN 3(8# 4$q .=5*6 0:JG KE+N,I bI$; "! 068*+ >M YM T 9 "6$J6 N( <6M 4QE)(8# 0R, AKQI,M Q$#,
"W! YM 0]Q$RM B > 4($CG "! A <+E.*:) K,E] N( (ZR A8> ! 0+ FcS+ <!2 h IQ Q$#$+ T(H'I J*! T 9 V5*6 ]I(
.Q$> 0+ KQ .13( A06 56( $h8+
:N(8C%I PG 06 56( Y2 h "! YM 0]Q$RM B > 4($CG "! T( KQ,I T <+E.*:) N( KQ .13( =*J9( F'aQ
IQ 0W1/ (8C) 0+ ohQ iE.*:) QI *:*+ %E.6E9 "6(N,I) KQ,I IQ 9 TE1) ! &'( Ta ! Q(8e% : (QY0^) 769#$
Q$W#, V9 T( KQ,I iE.*:) J1/ A8> ! "6$J6 IQ TE1) ! E]( ") =>(Q 4 C*J_( 4($% 0+ V9 IEc+ T 9 48> ^*vI Ej(
.QI(Q
EW]( "W) TI$_ "! AQI(Q 0'a ! =+, L+ ( +Q , PH) ?*@+ 8G 5+ 6 ?'(E> E!(E! IQ T( KQ,I iE.*:) : _") Q=B"G=
W' , k,EW', $W6 *W9 ") Q$! &Jn+ 4($% 0+ Q,E! &*! N( T( KQ,I T <+E.*:) A0n*@+ 8G 5+ 6 ?'(E> E_ B "!
.8> ! "1>(Q Q$#, YM IQ 86($% 0J6 (H'I J*! TE1) !
.=3( 4(NI( , KQ 3 I *5! &'E' 3 "! =P56 TE1) ! &'( *yS% : `Ca4$ OND
YM 0]Q$WRM .8C) 0J6 Q s'( TEnB YM "6$J6 IQ 4M Q$#, ,I &'( N( .=5*6 (H'I J*! TE1) ! &'( : J6,J>"'C) .91
W! (I B W> &W'( =g:[ .8> ! 06 56( T 9 Y2 h "! YM 0]Q$RM D J1/( T(E! TI(8S9 86($% 0+ TE1) ! &'( "!
4 W*! ("W6$J6 E1*R 0:*+ IQ TE1) ! Q(8e% &'E1S*!) (Most probable number) MPN/100cc
AQEW*] 0W+ bI$W; 068*+ >M T <!M Et)( T,I ") T( "6(N,I b S' +NM N(.8> ! E.; 8' ! YE> YM MPN .8CC) 0+
YEW> F! v , 01>(8<! &**e% .8> ! 0+ YM 0c'm$R$'E1) ! 0]Q$RM "! 4QE! 0r T(E! =5% &'E% 03 3( iE.*:) =5%
.8> ! 0+ YE> F! v YM 8> ! 0.C+ x' +NM QI$+ T 9 "6$J6 8;IQ "s*16 E]( ") =3( bI$; &'8! YM 4Q$!
4

:N( 8C%I PG ") 86QE] "w(I( bI$; ,Q "! =3( &cJ+ 9QI(86 13(
"\6 Cq .Q$> 0+ KQ(Q *yS% 068*+ >M YM T(E! ") Q($+ N( 01g:[ Et)(8/ N( =5%I PG :K/0b= NcM69d -
FW! v N$WC9 W+( QI(QI(EWv TE% &*w r 8/ IQ =*.*) Eg6 N( A8> ! 8/ &'( N( E%a ! =g:[ IQ TQ($+ T, / YM
.=59 48*+ >M
48*+ W>M T(EW! YM A8WC) N, s% 4M N( YM IQ Q$#$+ Q($+ =g:[ E]( A") T8/ N( =5%I PG : O"e= NcM69d -
.=>(Z] 89($B 0v ! 4 56( =+23 E! 0Sy! 4 'N b(Ej( b8+ N(IQ IQ 4M 7Eu+ , 8> ! 0J6 l3 C+

59C="+L KL *J[/!/JN;M") I": VWJB


KL &5/'5 N;C! 0C= ghh>7 .NfC0M 769#$
O"e= 9d

K/0b= 9d

0S) "R$R YM
IQ K8WW> "*.uWW% YM( dWWR(
o'N$% "cP> "! Q,I, F@+

.8> ! "1>(86 Q$#, iE.*:) T( "6$J6 *9 IQ


EW! X,ESW+ 0v .%( T 9 "6$J6 IQ iE.*:) Et)(8/
: "cC'(
.8> ! 0G$h8+ iE.*:) 8v h "6$J6 -~
=W@% EJ15W+ , VgCW+ I$W_ "W! YM oPC+ -
.8> ! "1>(Q I(Ev 01>(8<! DE1C)
0W_ IQ AK8W> ZWB( T 9 "6$J6 8;IQ -
.8> ! iE.*:) 8v h D 3
8v h D 3 0_IQ K8> ZB( T 9 "6$J6 8;IQ 8' !
iEW.*:) Q(8e% 0v .%( "6$J6 'IQ ' , 8> ! iE.*:)
.8Cc6 N, s% Q8G N(
.8> ! "1>(86 Q$#, iE.*:) "6$J6 *9 IQ

T( "WW6$J6 *WW9 IQ
Q$WWWW#, iEWWWW.*:)
.8> ! "1>(86

"WWW6$J6 *WWW9 IQ
Q$WWWW#, iEWWWW.*:)
.8> ! "1>(86
"WWW6$J6 *WWW9 IQ
Q$WWWW#, iEWWWW.*:)
.8> ! "1>(86
N, s% Q8G ~ N( iE.*:) Q(8e% 0v .%( T 9 "6$J6 IQ T( "WW6$J6 *WW9 IQ
.8Cc6 0G$h8WW+ iEWW.*:)
.8> ! "1>(86 Q$#,

KL ijH=

F@+ IQ K8S6 "*.u% YM (Y


o'N$% "cP> "! Q,I,

o'N$% "cP> IQ YM (

K8> TEn! 068*+ >M YM

0S) "R$R E*[ YM

*J[/!/JN;M") @"4J"=OL &) &k/$ ") "?)L V7/!L &k>7

I": .NfC0M l>"'+


0C= ghh >7 1/E9=
N;C!

."$ l>"'+
ghh >7 .NfC0M
N;C! 0C=

N(E% x*!

N( x*!

V7/!L &k>7
^'E_ N( ") 0' 'E1) ! 0]Q$R( -~
.QQE] 0+ 7E_E! 0'(QN8C]
T <>,I "! N *6 ") 0' 'E1) ! 0]Q$R( -
.QI(Q 0'(QN8C] , 0R($1+ "*.u%
T <>,I ! ") YM Q 'N 0]Q$RM -
.Q$> 0+ 7E_E! EBEr "*.u%
E*[ ") YM Ta ! 0:*B T 9 0]Q$RM -
.8> ! 0+ D$Pv F! v

8L O6 +"5 Q5/f1 m/C+ B 8";<>"'C) KL


U(C5"V>6BN*C=

8,a=

*:*!$J3$r k %$+,Q$5r b @>E% &15> T(E! <'En! YM

Q5/f1
06$+$Cr

">(E%
C3I + *%(E3

9 K8CC) Y$_E+ YM

06$+$Cr

0!$6H]25)(I$+

iE] YM E*>

06$+$Cr

06$:q F5)(I$+

KQ$RM F' 3,

=*%(

06$:q F5)(I$+

iE] YM oPC+

0C*! 4($y13( =*R$:3

T <#E! YM A4 13I J*! YM

06$+$Cr

[]
[]

[]

2*h$+$Cr 26$'R

K8CC)QE3
E1 ! $1C*3( T 9 "6$]

4QE) iE] T(E! ") i J/ YM

0J'E1) !

Q,E*+ I c! KN % T J32r
(N$6m,EwM k 6$+,Q$5r

4QE) iE] T(E! ") i J/ YM

0J'E1) !

Q,E*+ I c! $'(E)

[1]

(N$6m,EwM k 6$+,Q$5r

KQ$RM 4(, YM

013$r =6$.G _ I$)

F*5*.'Q i$'8'E15:)

i J/

D <3(

. M. Xenope

[2] . M. Chelonei
[3] . C. Difficile
7

:KL F</$ &0G;H= I": I>"'C)


(Water Borne Diseases)
KL F</$ &0G;H= I": I>"'C) X!6
0W+ FWL1C+ 4 56( "! o:! ^'E_ N( , KQ$! YM IQ TI J*! 0:;( F+ G ") 86$> 0+ K86 sC] 0' <'I J*! "LP_ &'( IQ
, YM =W*.*)Q$P<! . 86E*] 0+ I(Ev KE+N &'( IQ Ef'Q 06$.G T 9 TI J*! N( TI *5! , "Pu/ "P> A"Pu/ A !, . Q$>
0'(H5! xL6 9 TI J*! &'( &1hI &*! N( IQ 86($% 0+ A=v$+ I$_ "! 01/ YM 01>(8<!E*[ o! C+ Ef'Q N( KQ .13( i8G
.8' J6 .'(
(Water Washed Diseases)

E"M I/4;(+ .91 O6 +"5 I": I>"'C) K

FW*BQ 4M =W*.*) N( x*! YM =*J) ,I &'( N( . =3( 0h ) YM "! 03E13Q i8G F*RQ "! E1S*! 9 TI J*! &'( $v,
?'(E> Q$P<! , 0hEu+ YM E'Q L+ 0J) x'(Hh( . =3( 9 TI J*! N( K,E] &'( N( 0!$B D t+ VB(E% TI J*! . 8> ! 0+
&'E%Ej$W+ "We+ # =>(8<! n3 T L%I( , DN C+ IQ 7Eu+ QI$+ T 9 YM 4Q$! 01>(8<! , Q J1G( F! v , 03E13Q
.Q$> 0+ 0L:% 9 TI J*! K,E] &'( ohI T 9I c9(I

: U!"< n59C="+L KL &) n<N;<7 .91


: Q01 &)
. 9 "R$R ]8*3$r , Y2 h 1>(8<! ohQ V15*3 Q$#, i8G N( 0> 6 Y2 h "! YM 48> KQ$RM
h W ":; h =' GI 4 +( " RN C+ IQA 9E<> "*> / IQ B a !A; u1B( , f6 B <9 q N( KQ .13( -
. (E1+ Fv(8/) QI(86 Q$#, YM K q , =R($% K q &*!
W<!M N( KQ .13( "s*16 IQ ,...., "RHRN , F*3 Ft+ e*P_ '2! D P68! ' 'E.% (E! A bEh 5+ ' bE# <+ -
. ( &Jn+ E*[ o! C+ , <I r 9 "6 BQ,I YM) kE13Q IQ KQ$RM
: =:G "! YM o! C+ 6NE: IQ L6 "6$] E9 'A 6NE: i8G -
. N *6 QI$+ 8/ N( E1J 86 + 4 +N - h 6 N$+M - I$% C'E:Q$P6 ' Q$PJ E: Q$PJ

Water Based Diseases )

7>67 rG5 "?5L q"G;56 &ANp >7 KL &M J"?J>"'C) - o

0+ TE3 TH!M Fv 6 48! 4,IQ IQ (I Q $B 0]86N N( T( KI,Q TI J*! F+ G ") 86I(Q I(Ev 0' 9 TI J*! K,E] &'( IQ
DEW1C) AKQ$RM YM ! k J% x9 ) ") =3( 0<'8! , =3( 9 TI J*! "6$] &'( N( TNI ! D t+ 'N *+,N$15*> . 8C)
.8C159 9 TI J*! "6$fC'( DE1C) Ej$+ T 9I c9(I A $h8+ ! YM o! C+ 0]Q$RM x9 ) , &*:v 6 =*eJ#
Water Related Insect KL ") Fj$N= st"5 @6N4d &0C<B &) &0G;H= I": I>"'C) -7
Vectors)
T 9 TI J*! N( 'Ia + . 8C) 0+ =5'N YM 'QH6 "cC'( ' KQ$! TH!M 0]86N N( T( KI,Q IQ TI J*! Fv 6 AK,E] &'( IQ
Q(Eh( X P%I( x9 )Ab(ES/ E*tc% , I,Er T 9 K f' # 7Z/ A0@n3 T <!M ?'(E> Q$P<! . =3( K,E] &'( B >
.8C159 Ej$+ I *5! 9 TI J*! &'( DE1C) IQ 01{ ./ F' 3, N( KQ .13( , b(ES/ E*tc% , I,Er T <6 c+ !
water

w5/vvJW!

FCvvP= >7 KL &0Cvv</) 2N4vv;H= u"vv?;5/f1 O6 nvv+"5 u"vv?J>"'C) -2


dispersed infectio

....B 5/A q"?<6x")B : 9H5"= U(J>BN$/C) O6 +"5 I"?J>"'C) -B

"?J>"'C) q"G;56 >7 KL rG5


8C) 0+ N,E! 068*+ >M YM IQ Q$#$+ AD$:@+ 2+( Q$PJ) ' x'(Hh( Ej( IQ ") 0' <'I J*! - ~
=3( <6M D L16( ":*3, YM ") 0' <'I J*! -
=3( <6M 0PP3 F+ G ' 4 !H*+ I,Er ?*@+ AYM ") 0' <'I J*! -
.QI(Q xL6 <6M I S16( IQ V*L15+E*[ bI$; "! YM ") 0' <'I J*!-

"?J>"'C) q"G;56 >7 q/0P= yw=6 rJ6,E6 rG5 g-g


(Blue babies) Methemoglobinemia

'HC)/0V/'z?;z=-1-1-1

.QQE] 0+ Q s'( E1*R E! iE] 0:*+ 4(H*+ "! b(E1*6 x'(Hh( Ej( IQ TI J*! &'(

"?56957 {JOB>/|/0E: Dental Fluorosis -2-1-1


.068*+ >M YM IQ E1*R E! iE] 0:*+ % N( x*! I$w$:h 4(H*+ x'(Hh(

J6O 8"DN<-3-2-1
.068*+ >M Y( IQ E1*R E! iE],Ec*+ /N( x*! =g:[ IQ T$L:/ T 9I$!E),I8*9 x'(Hh(. *C3I( E1*R E! iE] 0:*+ / N( x*! ! KQ$RM T <!M 7Eu+ IQ 4 _E3 N,E! D J1/( x'(Hh(.&*+(N,E1*6 b P*)E% "! KQ$RM T <!M 7Eu+ IQ 4 _E3 N,E! D J1/( x'(Hh(-

10

"?J>"'C) q"G;56 ") q/0P= yw=6 r:"M rG5-2-1


.0'(Z[ o! C+ E' 3 N( N *6 QI$+ 8' &*+ % i8G E! X,ES+ E1*R E! iE] 0:*+ ' N( E1J) 8' Q$PJ)-1-2-1
.4(86Q 0]8*3$r x'(Hh( OG ! E1*R E! iE] 0:*+ /N( E1J) I$w$:h Q$PJ) A4(86Q 0]8*3$r-2-2-1
E15W] OWG ! ( E1*R E! iE] 0:*+ ~ %~N( E1J)) P3 T <!M 7Eu+ A0v,EG 0P:v T 9 TI J*!-3-2-1
.QQE] 0+ 0v,EG A0P:v T <'I J*!

Q<6 I>"'C) q"G;56 &0C<B KL &M J"?J>"'C)-2


Vibrio Cholerae !, F+ G A(E:) $'EP',-1-2
Typhoid Fever KQ,I l% F+ G A0.*% 26$JR 3-2-2
Shigellosis N$:f*> F+ G A2f*>-3-2
Francisella Tularensis 0+Ia$% F+ G A*56Ia$% 25*56(Eh-4-2
Tuberculosis F3 F+ G A'N$R$)E!$% i$'E1) !$c' +-5-2
Leptospirosis N,E*3$1R F+ G A(E*3$1R-6-2
Entamoeba histolytica N *P*+M F+ G A c*1*R$15*9 !$+ 16M-7-2
Vibrio Cholerae - -1-2
"W#IQ- T +Q IQ A D$5) 4,8! A I$3( 4,8! A 0.C+ iE] A TI *1B( TN($<*! TN($9 A E@1+ =3( TE1) !
.8C) 0+ 8>I Q(Ef*16 3
. N,I % ~KQ$RM , Y$_E+ "5PR( IQ
. N,I % KN % T 9 K$*+ , b s'HP3 IQ
."1.9 % YM TI(8<f6 4N y+ IQ
.N,I % 'IQ YM IQ
.N,I ~ % 0@n3 T <!M IQ

!
!
!
!
!

:qN;HM lB>
."L*vQ ~b8+ T(E! ppm % 06NE:)
.(QN8C] ! <1R($% T$S15>
.0C*S6 "% "\$/
.8C) 0C> 0h ; N( KQ .13(
11

!
!
!
!

Typhoid Fever -2-2


"! Q,I, A KQ,I IQ 0C'Ef' # A TI *1B( TN($9 0! TN($9 A I$3( 4,8! A E@1+ F*3 ! A 0.*% 26$JR 3 TI J*! F+ G
.8'8> l% N,E! A4$B 4 'E# AT, .CR Q8[
.D 5c' % KQ$RM F] T <!M IQ !
.K + % TI(8<f6 4N y+ IQ !
.K + % ' IQ !
."1.9 8Cq % E*Cr A"+ B AKE) !
.b(ES/ AKQ$RM T(Z[ AKQ$RM YM ^'E_ N( 0]Q$RM

:qN;HM lB>
.E:) ! 0'(QN8C]
.TQEh =>(8<!
.(VR 3 &*:v 6) =>(8<! "C' e+ bI )
.b(ES/ DE1C)
.YM 4N y+ DE1C)
. <1R($% F@+ IQ ":; h =' GI

!
!
!
!
!
!

Shigellosis -3-2
.Fc> T( ":*+ AI$3( , D$5) 4,8! A=)E/ 0! , m % 4,8! A8> ! 0+ "3 'E1) !,E16M "13Q N(
:0:;( "6$] 4 T(I(Q
S . Sonnei
S . Dysenteriae
S . Flexneri
S . Boydii
.4$B , V:! K(EJ9 D <3( Q s'(: Vw2G
.86 + 0+ K86N N,I ~ % 'IQ YM IQ , K Jc' % H*J% T <!M IQ

qN;HM I"?+B>
.TQEh =>(8<! N$+M !
.86I(Q I ),E3 0'(Z[Q($+ ! ") TQ(Eh( DE1C) !
.f+ E*g6 b(ES/ DE1C) !
12

.(0CPR Q($+ $uy+) 0'(Z[Q($+ =>(8<!


.YM T <9 q , 4N y+ ! =R($% T <9 q IQ ":; h =' GI
.0C*+NE'N T <!M =)E/ =<# 72B IQ E1+ ~~ Fv(8/ 0!,Ec*+ F+($G DE1C)
.0C*+NE'N T <!M =)E/ =<# 72B IQ E1+ Fv(8/ 0' *J*> F+($G DE1C)
.TI(8<f6 4N y+ DE1C) , 0hEu+ YM 06NE:)

!
!
!
!
!

Francisella Tularensis -4-2


A0S/, b 6($*/ (Et)( A 4Hy+ A 4($*/ , 4 56( E1S+ TI J*! F+ G A TN($9 L:n+ A 0.C+ iE] A E@1+E*[ F*3 !
.0:9( b 6($*/
:q"G;56 s="1
.KQ$RM b 6($*/ $h8+ "! "1S[M &sR , F] AYM ! k J%
.KQ$RM ?*@+ ! 013$r T <JBN k J%
.K8C6N x*6 b(ES/
.I c> KQ$RM =>$] 7Eu+
.86 + 0+ K86N N,I % KQN ' T <!M IQ , N,I % QE3 T <!M IQ TI J*! F+ G
.VBN F@+ IQ iI$% Q s'( KQ$RM ?*@+ ! VBN k J% Ej( IQ
.VSq "J@1:+ iI, Q s'( KQ$RM YM ! <JSq k J% Ej( IQ
.0>I($] }I($G I c> KQ$RM =>$] 4QI$B 7Eu+ Ej( IQ

!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Tuberculosis -5-2
iEW] =*W; B , I$3( 4,8! AE@1+E*[ A 8*3( "! i, L+ T 9 TE1) ! A'N$R$)E!$% c:J) T 9 i$'E1) !$c' +
T W9 "6$] N( 0BE! "! YM o! C+ 0]Q$RM +( . =3( 05.C% ^'E_ N( <6M D L16( K(I &'E1S*! ") 8C159 A d*e =Pt+
<6M D L16( , 8C159 7,Ee+ (nontuberculosis) 0:3 E*[ T 9 i$' E1) !$c' + 4($CG =@% ") i$'E1) !$c' +
,HW# ,86$W> 0WJ6 FWL1C+ 4 56( "! 4 56( N( 9 V5*6 ]I( &'( . =3( K8*3I b Pj( "! H*6 KQ$RM YM ! k J% ^'E_ N(
.8C159 0n*@+ F+($G , ?*@+ N( ":L1C+ T 9 V5*6 ]I(
, 6(E5WR,( i$'E1) W!$c' + Ai$C'I W+ i$'E1) W!$c' + F+ W> AY M ^W'E_ N( "W:L1C+ T 9 i$'E1) !$c' + &'E% V<+
.8C159 0:3E*[ T 9 i$'E1) !$c' + ,H# 0fJ9 ") 8C> ! 0+ AER$:3(E16( i$',M i$'E1) !$c' +

INC34C- I"?+B>
01>(8<! &'N($+ , b(IEL+ =' GI
xc13Q N( KQ .13( 4,8! A09 + i$'I($)M 4QE) H*J% N( TI(QQ$B
9 09 + i$'I($)M YM l%E+ '$e%
13

Leptospirosis -6-2
F+ G ($6( 0BE! +( 86$> 0+ =h ' YM IQ =*h,Er 3 bI$u! 4M T <*%,E3 N( 0BE! ") =3( TE1) ! TI J*! F+ G
.8CC) 0+ ='(E3 H*6 4 56( "! , KQ$! 0S/, b 6($*/ IQ TI J*!
D L16( ,I
4 5W6( IQ TI J*! OG ! I(IQ( "! &sR ' F] YM 48> KQ$RM 8' J6 0+ 0]86N 4 !H*+ TI(IQ( TI s+ IQ TI J*! F+ G
.QQE] 0+ 4 56( 48! QI(, X y+ ' 013$r T <JBN ^'E_ N( F+ G.QQE] 0+
Ent amoeba histolytica -7-2
8WC6 + l3 C+ ?'(E> IQ , Q$> 0+ =h ' 4 56( KQ,I IQ IE 0! bI$; "! TQ G ?'(E> IQ ") =3( Ew,N$%,Er 0G$6
.QQE] 0+ 4 56( IQ 06$B D <3( N,E! OG ! KE*[ , TI J*! A48! =+, L+ x9 )
.8C+, L+ ?*@+ IQ $h8+ K(EJ9 K8> I B T <15*)
.8C6 + 0+ K86N "1.9 8Cq % K86E'Zr T <!M IQ
.8C6 + 0+ K86N "1.9 % 'IQ YM IQ
.86$> 0+ FL1C+ 01/(I "! 3$3 , f+ ^'E_ N(
:INC34C- I"?+B>
(H'I J*! F+ G 7Z/ =<# ,I &'E1<! (ZR 8> ! 0+ i, L+ I *5! AE:) F! L+ IQ TI J*! F+ G =5*) "cC'( "! "#$% !
.8CC) 0+ r TI J*! F+ G N( (I YM o! C+ 0c'H*h bI$u! ") 8> ! 0+ 8C) 0C> T <*h ; N( KQ .13(

Q<6 I>"'C) s="1 "J 8"),C= l>BN- FCP= KL &M J"?J>"'C)


Schistosomisis -1-3
K8> o! C+ QI(, I(IQ( K(I N( Vy% 8C) 0+ 0]86N 21P+ QEh "6 t+ KI(8# 06$B T <]E'$+ IQ ") Q$% +E% K,E] &<r iE)
k J% bI$; IQ "1>(Z] E3 =Sr (I =*R eh , T,Ia F/(E+ Bulinus Truncatus 4,H:/ Q$#, bI$; IQ
.QQEf*+ 48! QI(, TI J*! F+ G ! =3$r
.=3( E*5+E] ^_ C+ B TI J*! &'(:INC34C- I"?+B>
.Y2 h 01>(8<! ohQ
.Q(Eh( E' 3 N( 4(I J*! TN 3(8# , 0! 'I J*!
.?3(, 4 !H*+ 4,H:/ 4QE! &*! N(
.86I(Q k J% YM ! ") TQ(Eh( TQEh ={ ./
14

Fasciola hepatica -2-3


4,HW:/ YM IQ =W3( Q W'N 8C.W3$] EW*g6 I($Wy.:G b W6($*/ "W) 0L_ WC+ $uWy+ &W<r T W<+E) K,EW] N(
=5W*) bI$uW! ")E! 7(E_( 4 9 *] T,E! Ff6( 3 . =3( Ff6( ?3, 4 !H*+ ") QI(Q Q$#, Lymnaeidae
.Q$> 0+ KQ$RM 0v .%( bI$u! H*6 4 56( AK8> KQ$RM <.:G 4QI$B ! b 6($*/ ") 8'M 0+IQ

Dracunculus Medinensis -3-3


QH'I 0+ YM 4,IQ "! (I Q$B T 9,Ia KQE) p(I$3 (I =3$r A 8C) 0+ 0]86N 21P+ QEh T r8CPJ9 =h ! IQ KQ + iE)
21WP+ (I VR 3 Q(Eh( YM K(EJ9 =3$r =y3 &'( 4QI$B . 8C) 0+ 0]86N Cyclops i 6 "! 013$r =y3 4M IQ ")
.8C) 0+

7>67 rG5 8L >"4;56 >7 UCG;(=NC^ @>/\ &) KL &M J"?J>"'C)-4

:Plasmodium Species -1-4


A 8! ' 0+ D L16( VR 3 QEh "! I J*! QEh N( Fh$6M "Sr 8C6 + Fv 6 ' ^'E_ N( F+ G TI J*! &'( IQ ") 'Ia + TI J*!
TI$_ "! A=3( Fv 6 KES/ E*tc% T(E! l3 C+ ?*@+ ") 0%I$; IQ . QI(86 06(8Cq xL6 YM TI J*! F+ G D L16( IQ
.=3( "1>(Q TEj$+ xL6 Fv 6 x9 ) T(E! I$S) 0!$C# 0/($6 IQ <v2% ! 48*6 cSB ")
:Onchocerca Volvulus -2-4
Simulium i 6 "! =3( i$*R$J*3 i 6 "! f+ 0G$6 TI J*! Fv 6 K8> K8*+ 6 "6 BQ,I TI$) ") TI J*! &'( IQ
KQI,M Q$W#$! YM ^W'E_ N( "W) 0n*@+ ?'(E> KQE) TI(Z] Vy% "6 BQ,I T 9H'EfC3 I C) IQ ")damnosum
.8C) 0+ V9(Eh (I 4(I J*! Q(8e% x'(Hh( "s*16 IQ , KES/ E*tc% 4 c+(

15

(Eu1y+ b s'HP3 TN 3 VR 3 ,I sC'( IQ QI(Q <'I J*! D L16( IQ b s'HP3 TN 5JR 3 i8G ") 01*J9( F*RQ "!
.Q$> 0+ E)
E! 4M Ta , F] , 8w(N Q($+ % KQ(Q $S15> H*J% YM ! AKQE) r 0!$B "! (I b s'HP3 (81!( : IO"(M"- -}
.QQE] 7E_
0'$SWhE{ o' W+ KEnv - E1*R E9 T(N( "! , "1y'I YM TE1*R 7E{ ' IQ (I THP3 : J67O s356 -~
TI,M oJ# d) T,I N( (I THP3 "L*vQ N( 8e! .QE*] I(Ev YM d) FB(Q THP3 i J% % 8*' J6 "h ( 4M "!
.Q$> r 0'$ShE{ o' + K86 J*v ! , 9 Ff6( Vy% % A8*9Q $S15> VR 3 YM ! , KQE)

7EW{ IQ &'EW:)Er IQ$Wr 7 W;E3 TI$y' q ^> v ' 9 Y,Ec*+ 4QE! &*! N( T(E! : J67O9HV-
D$W:@+ IQ "WL*vQ b8W+ T(EW! (I K8W> 0W'(QN FWf6( THPW3 3 .8*' J6 F/ 2+ ) , "1y'I YM TE1*R
.8*9QI(Ev
.8*w J6 7Eu+ 3 AK8> r E:) K86 J*v ! % "15> VR 3 YM ! (I K8> 0'(QN 8C] THP3 : /4;(+-

16

": I>"'C) qN;HM >7 FCP= Q+69?) 7Nj:6>


?*@+ ^'E_N( 8C6($% 0+ E*] (, E*[ T 9 TI J*! N( 0BE! H*6 , I(QE*](, T 9 TI J*! N( TI *5! A8> KI >( "c6 C\J9
03 3( &)I "3 4($% 0+ AQI(Q xL6 <6M IQ ?*@+ ") 0' 9 TI J*! "! 4 56( T21!( 8C'(Eh IQ . 86$> FL1C+ 4 56( "!
.Q(Q I(Ev F*:@% , "'Hs% QI$+ (I QEh =*3 5/ , D L16( K$@6 A oPC+
"qE] . 8C159 F*BQ 0n*@+ =5'N }I($G , 9 T I J*! "G >( IQ T( K E*s6N I 1B 3 ' bI$; "! &)I "3 &'(
=>(8<! 03 3( QEP9(I 0R, A=3( &cJ+ 4 )I( &'( N( ' E9 7Z/ ! 0n*@+ A SC+ ! TI J*! ' 7Z/ , DE1C)
' 4 ]N 3 IQ "6 ]8Cq o6($+ Q s'( ".5:h "! K8'( &'( . =3( 4 )I( &'( N( ' E9 IQ Q8e1+ o6($+ Q s'( ?*@+
N( "W:L1C+ T 9 TI J*! TE*fS*r , I <+ IQ TEj$+ , &Jn+ K$*> i s6(E3 "6 ]8Cq o6($+ &'(. =3 ( i$3$+ TI J*!
. =>(Z] 89($B I *1B( IQ ?*@+
0/(E_ TI J*! 7Z/ , I <+ =<# 0.:1y+ T 9I c9(I TEg6 I$_ "! 4($% 0+ ?*@+ N( ":L1C+ TI J*! ' DE1C) IQ
=3( TI J*! ' E*5+ IQ Q8e1+ o6($+ E15] , Q s'( A 9 TI J*! DE1C) IQ ?*@+ =>(8<! TQEP9(I K ]8'Q . QE)
. Q$! 8C9($B F+($G &'E1J<+ 0Sy!Ej( "C'H9 , TQ u1v( b g/2+ KI($J9 "6 ]8Cq o6($+ &'( TI(EvE! IQ

17

Вам также может понравиться