RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Explain what happens when the toad skin

was immersed in Ringers Transport.
Ringers solution is made up of NaCl, Cacl2 and

NaHCO2 that is used to isolate organs in vitro.

When Na actively transports to extracellular fluids that lie
beneath the skin, the K will be pumped out.
In the experiment, the skin bag was turned inside put so
that Na are transported from the inside to the surrounding
medium.
The weight decreased, therefore the solution is hypertonic

Explain what happens when the toad skin was

immersed in 1:1 ratio of Ringers solution:NaCN.
When the toad skin was immersed, it had an
environment with equal concentrations of Na+.
Active transport is still going on, but the movement of
Na+ is going back and forth, thus it is in equilibrium.
In the set up, movement of molecules still occur but
the concentrations of solutes will stay the same as it is
in the skin bag.

Explain the effect of NaCN in active

transport.
Cyanide inhibits respiration.
By inhibiting respiration, you also inhibit active
transport because active transport requires energy
from ATP made in respiration.
Since anything that affects respiration, affects active
transport too, because it is an energy requiring
process.

Discuss the principle of active transport.

Active transport describes what happens when a
cell uses energy to transport individual
molecules across the cell membrane.
The liquids in and out of the cells have different
substances.
Sometimes a cell has to work and use some energy to
maintain a proper balance of ions and molecules.

Discuss the principle of active transport.

Active transport happens across the cell membrane.
Proteins are positioned to cross the membrane so one
part is on the outside and one part in on the inside.
Only when they cross the bilayer are they able to move
molecules and ions in and out of the cell.
The membrane proteins are very specific, many times,
these proteins work against a concentration gradient.