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Scientific View
There is no absolute definition of living and non-living organisms (Deakin University
Australia, 2015). Living things such as plants, are defined based on the factors universally
considered elementary for life such as movement, breathing, reproduction, respiration,
sensitivity, elimination, nutrition and growth (Australian Science Teachers Association,
2013). Skamp (2004) says this must be taught in depth to ensure the misconception is
eradicated and that the elements need to be directly experienced by the students in order
for them to acknowledge them. Research suggests the strongest way to develop a
conceptual understanding on this topic is to compare living and non-living things as well as
considering hard to classify objects such as a dead log or fire (Skamp, 2004 & Kyle,
Desmond, Family & Shymansky, 1989).
Year 3
Science Understanding (Biological Science)
Living things can be grouped on the basis of observable features and
can be distinguished from non-living things (ACSSU044)
Elaborations
Engage
Class scavenger hunt to collect photographs of living and nonliving samples. Drop them into a PowerPoint and classify to create an E-Book. Teacher
can print the slides as cards for students to re-visit, catch up or use as a wall display
in a graphic organiser. Create a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast the items.
Sorting helps to clear up misconceptions between living and non-living (Department
of Education and Training, 2014).
Engage the students by asking if they are alive and what characteristics something
must have to be classified alive. Ask students if plants are alive. Conduct an
experiment to test what happens when placing white flowers into coloured water
(follow the tutorial in the link below) to test for signs of life.
http://paintcutpaste.com/color-changing-carnations/
Explore
Show the video to show how plants produce food, move and reproduce:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/clips/zyvs34j. Reinforce by playing a time-lapse video
of sunflower seeds from seed back to seed again showing the full life cycle,
movement, disease and can open the discussion for how plants respond to their
environment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zst08tm9s6M. Consolidate this
information by completing a scientific checklist of what factors determine life (as
listed above) and checking it off throughout to make clear the connection to the
misconception (Australian Science Teachers Association, 2013). This checklist is to be
referred to with all the activities.
Conduct the Grass Heads experiment (link below for tutorial) to demonstrate growth
and reinforce life. Students record the measurements each day and draw a diagram.
Describe what happened and why.
http://lifeasmama.com/10-activities-make-your-kids-summer-unforgettable/
Explain
Dissect a plant and complete the worksheet highlighting the parts of a plant which
give it life and their functions (link to worksheets below). This process provides an
explanation to assist students thinking about how a plant works and what makes it
alive (Deakin University Australia, 2015).
Explore
https://www.superteacherworksheets.com/pinterest/pz-parts-of-a-plant.html
Elaborate
Conduct an investigation of the life of a plant by growing Lima Beans in CD cases (link
to instructions below). Test variables by splitting students in groups of light/no light
http://www.2busybrunettes.com/2012/03/08/its-time-to-spill-the-beans/
Compare living and non-living things (eg. plants to fire and a dead log) (Australian
Science Teachers Association, 2013 & Skamp, 2004). Use a visualisation strategy
comparing leaving a car in a closed space for 50 years as opposed to a plant what
would happen? (Open Learn Works, 2015).
Evaluate
www.clutterfreeclassroom.blogspot.com.au/2014/03/lifecycleofplantsandflowers.html