World History II

SOL Review
WHII.2 - The World in 1500
Major states and empires in the Eastern
Hemisphere

England

France

Spain

Russia

Ottoman Empire

Persia

China

Mughal India

Songhai Empire

Major states and empires in the Western

Hemisphere

Incan Empires

Aztec Empire

Renaissance
Rebirth of classical knowledge; birth of the modern world
Encouraged EDUCATION and LITERATURE
Emphasized SPORTS, ART, and MUSIC
Encouraged the study of HISTORY and SCIENCE
The Renaissance began in Northern Italy due to the number of artists and intellectuals in that region, and spread to the
rest of Europe.
Contributions of the Renaissance
Accomplishments in the visual arts:
Michelangelo

Leonardo da Vinci

Accomplishments in literature - sonnets, plays, essays

Shakespeare - English writer who wrote plays such as Romeo & Juliet, Hamlet, and King Lear
Accomplishments in intellectual ideals
Humanism was an intellectual movement with a focus on individual intellectual achievements.
Thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
Thomas More - Christian Humanist
Wrote Utopia (1516)

Erasmus - Christian Humanist

Wrote The Praise of Folly (1509)
Regional Trade Patterns
By 1500, regional trade patterns had developed that linked Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Europe.

Silk Routes across Asia to the Mediterranean basin

Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean

Trans-Saharan routes across North Africa

Northern European links with the Black Sea

Western European sea and river trade

South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia

Cultural Diffusion - Meaning the exchange of products and ideas
Ex. Spices, silks from Asia impacted culture, and economy in Europe.
Major technological and scientific exchanges in the Eastern Hemisphere.

Paper, compass, silk, porcelain (China)

Textiles, numeral system (India and Middle East)

Scientific knowledge-medicine, astronomy, mathematics

WHII.15--Major World Religions

Five world religions have had a profound impact on culture and civilization. These religions are found worldwide, but
their followers tend to be concentrated in certain geographic areas.
Religion
Region
Holy Book
Leaders
Beliefs
Judaism
Europe and the Middle East
Torah: Written
Abraham
-Monotheism
records and beliefs of
-Ten Commandments
the Jews
of moral and religious
conduct
Islam
Parts of Asia, Africa, and
Quran (Koran)
Muhammad, the
-Monotheism
southern Europe
prophet
-Five Pillars of Islam
-Holy Cities of Mecca
and Medina
Christianity Europe and the Middle East
The Bible - New
Jesus as Son of God
-Monotheism
Testament: Life and
-Life after death
teachings of Jesus
-Establishment of
Christian doctrines by
early church councils
Hinduism
India and part of Southern Asia
The Vedas
Gurus
-Many forms of one
God
-Reincarnation:
Rebirth based upon
karma
-Karma: Knowledge
that all thoughts and
actions result in future
consequences
Buddhism
East and Southeast Asia
Perfection of Wisdom Founder: Siddhartha
-Four Noble Truths
Gautama (Buddha)
-Eightfold Path to
Enlightenment

-Spread of Buddhism
from India to China
and other parts of
Asia, resulting from
Asokas missionaries
and their writings