. .

( . . )

05.17.07

..., . ..

2014

.............................................................................................................. 5
1. -

........................................................................................................... 11
1.1.

- ............................. 11

1.2.

14
1.3.

................................................................................................... 19
1.4.

-
....................................................................................... 24
1.5.

............................................................................................. 34
1.6.

................................................................................................ 48
1.7.

......................................................... 55

2. .................................. 57
2.1. ........................................................ 57
2.2. ....................................................... 59
2.2.1.
.......................................................................................................... 59
2.2.1.1. ............................................ 59
2.2.1.2. ........................................... 62
2.2.2 - ................................. 64
2.2.2.1.
....................................................... 64

2.2.2.2.
IP 469/01 ........................................................................................................ 66
2.2.2.3.
IP 346/92 ...................................................................... 69
2.2.2.4. ........................................ 73
2.2.2.5. ........................................................ 75
3.

.......................................................................................................... 76
3.1. ....................... 76
3.2.

IP

346/92 PAH-0397
....................... 79
4.
.............. 82
4.1.
.............................................................. 82
4.2.
.................................................................................. 87
4.2.1. ........................................................................ 88
4.2.2. ............................................... 93
4.2.3. ............................................................................... 97
4.3.

TRAE .................... 97
3.3.1. -
TRAE ..... 97
3.3.2. - TRAE ...................... 100

5. -
- .............. 101
5.1.

36/1 3
. ....................................................................................... 101
5.2.

- TRAE

...................................................................... 103
................................................................................................... 106
................................................................................... 108
............................................................................................... 118

[1].

,
(2050 100
) [2].
, , ,

[3,4].
,

,
, .



.
-
().
Kemi 1994 . , 10000
14 [5].
, 2010 [6], ,
60 %
.
2005/69/, 1
2010 .,
,

3 % .
() IP 346/92, 1 / () 10 /

(b),

(a),

(e),

(j),

(a),

(k),

(a,h) [7].
-
,

,
. ,
-
,
.

,
-
.

.. , ..
, .. , .. [8].

-. ,
-
.

2005/69/EEC,
.

1. -

.
2. -
.
3.

.
4.

.
5.

.
6. -,
- ,
.

1.

.
2.

60 2/, 5 % .
490 0:
- 80 0;
- 8:1 ( );

- 20 0.

1. -
TRAE .
2.

36/3

TRAE 40 ,
2005/69/EEC.
3. - TRAE


. ,

, -
.


,

-
[9-12].

.
: IP 346/92 [13],

() [14],
IP 469/01 [15].

,
1) IP
346/92
.
2)

,
100 0 60 2/ 5 %
. 490 0:
- 80 0;
- 20 0;
- 8:1 ( ).
3)

.
4) -

,
.
5)

36/3 -

TRAE

40

2005/69/EEC


IX -

(. , 2012 .) X -

10

(. , 2014 .).

2
, ()
, 1
.

, 5 , ,
. 119 ,
24 , 33 , 104 .

. .., . .., .
.., . .., . ..,
- ..
36/1 3
,
.

11

1. -

1.1.

-
ASTMD 2226 [16]. ASTM D
2226, 4
: 101 ; 102 ;
103 , ; 104 .
1.
1 ASTM D 2226

, %

101

102

103

104

> 1,050

0,900-0,939

0,850-0,899

0,790-0,819

>60
<25
<20

25-40
20-40
25-45

0-30
30-45
35-55

<10
20-35
60-75

<0,75
<20,0
<20,0

<0,5
<12,0
20,1-35,0

<0,3
<6,0
35,1-65,0

<0,1
<1,0
>65

(, -, ,
),

101 102 [17].

12

, 101 102 (DAE

distillate aromatic extract) (RAE residual aromatic extract)
, [18]. DAE
RAE ,
. 1

2005/69/EEC.

1 ,
2005/69/EEC

13

(BLIC)

(IISPR)
DAE RAE,
[19].
, :
1. (TDAE treatment
distillate aromatic extract), DAE;
2. (TRAE treatment
residual aromatic extract), RAE;
3. (MES mild extract solvate),
, ;
4. (NAP naphthenic oil
product),
.

TDAE TRAE.
1 TDAE TRAE,
2005/69 [50].
1 - -

100
,
2
/

Nynas
2
TDAE
Nytex
840
18,5

Hansen&
Exxon
Rosethnal
Mobil
3
4
TDAE
TDAE
Vivatec Tyrex 20
500
19,6

20,0

5
TDAE
Norman346

6
TRAE
Norman583

16-23

28-60

14

1
1

15 0, /3

20 0, /3

20 0

50 0

, 0

, 0

, %
- CA
- CN
- P

1.2.

5
0,8631,915

6
0,8631,915

0,851

0,886

0,900

0,935

0,950

0,965

930-970

927-967

940-980

1,531

1,528

1,532

1,5081,528

1,5201,540

1,5201,550

-6

24

30

40

99

69

56

64-72

62-78

15
34
51

25
31
44

27
26
47

CA25

CA25

2,0

2,5

1,8

2,9

2,9

- .
13 4
- .
2013 219,075 . -
, 62 . . 6 . -
[20].

15

-
2.
2 -

2013 ., .

, %

71,515

40,2

37,743

20,0

56,628

10,2

51,189

29,6

219,075

100

53% -
, , ,
- .
,
34 % [21].
3.
3 2013 .

, . .
1

12,5

( .)

11,0

5,2

4,8

4,0

2,7

2,2

16

3
1

1,6

1,5

( .)

1,3

1,0

0,9

0,1

62,0
-

-.
- 1,5
. /. - TDAE
280 . / [22].
- DAE (Exxon Mobil, Total, Shell, BP)
.
- TDAE, TRAE, MES NAP.

1,5 . /, 80 . /

-.

70 .
/. 6
-, , , ,
- ( ), ,

-.
- TDAE -346,
- DAE -6,
[20].

17

N- 37/7 , 150 .
. , , -6
, , 70 % 30 %
.
- ( )
37/1 5 37/1 4,
N- .
130 . .
-6

37/2, 37/4 37/5,

150 . .
-6 , ,

-6 .
- 3
N-: 37/1 1, 37/2 1 37/1 3.
80 . /.
-6 .
-346 c 2009 .
EC 2005/69/EEC.

TRAE, TDAE MES

68 . / [23]. -346 (TDAE)
-583 (TRAE)
-6,
.
.

18

-
, 70 % -

-6,

, 1.01.2010 .
2005/69/. 4
- [20].
4 -

2013 .

2014 .

5910
5022
5444
8045

10981
4548
6528
5536

7914
10058
/-
4873
6496
-
2607
3755

1639
2123

1246
1875

2324
2648

364
902
TRAE TDAE

1906
2750

174
168

370
430

190
304

119
470

250
308

125
186

119
127

58237
61923

19

-
Nynas Hansen&Rosenthal.
-
[20].
2020 -
78 . , - DAE
-
TDAE TRAE.
,
TDAE TRAE [20].
1.3.

. ,

, ,

.
,

3800-6900

/3, 58 % 10 .

, ,
.
[24-34].

20

, ,

[35].
[36],
[37],

. , 140

, , 5.
5 ,

14-15

1-3

N-

3-4

1-3

5-8

2-3

20-25

2-3

5-8

2-3

3-5

2-3

1-3

10-15

2-4

3-6

2-4

3-6

2-4

1-3

2-4

15-20

3-4

15-18

3-4

25-30

5-10

2-4

21

,
, ,

2 [37].
1,8
1,6
1,4
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0

2 175/70R13

N-.
,
(IARC) [36] () [38].
,
[39].
,
,
,

. ,

22

-, -
, , , ,
.

, ,
6 , 13
[40]. , , ,
, .
, ,
() 20 .

[41,42].
6
.
6

, /

0,033

0,051

0,178

6 ,

Euro-5
Euro-6, 0,005 / [43,44].
7

[37].
,
.

23

())

22,22-44,42

35,8

8,89-44,42

9,9-75,6

23,3

2,13-4,44

13,8-14,3

22,5

0,20-1,06

0,3

0,2

0,36-1,11

1,1-7,4

0,9-4,0

2,26-3,11

4,4-15,2

2,6

()

0,93-1,35

9,1

1,0-1,1

(b)

2,41-7,89

1,4-7.4

1,17-2,13

1,5-2,6

4,9

(,h)

0,14-0,35

0,6

0,6

(,)

0,28-1,28

0,15-0,19

0,14-0,38

1,1

0,1

(ghi)yopa

()

0,5

0,1-1,5

(ghi)

1,0-5,2

1,4

()

()

(,h)

, ,
, . ,

24

, ,
-,
.

1.4.

(
, , ,
),
[45].

, .
:
1)
;
2)
;
3) ;
4) ;
5) ( ,
, ).
- :
1) x
;
2) (5 %
3800)
;

25

3) ,
;
4)
[46].

.

.

.
.
[47].

-

, .., ..,
.., .. . .. [2,3,48,53].
[48]

( )

(,

), .
, ,
,
- -30, 15 -
.
.
8
10 .

26

8 10

100

127

100

132

100

94

100

90

100

84

100

88

180

100

, %

, %

. 3

, % .

.
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

27

.
9.
9

300 %, /2

, /2
, %
, /2

, %
,
/2
,
/2


, %

(
70 0), %

-
, %

68
67

62
60

177

148

152

141

640
50
47

560
42
54

630
49

565
51

45

47

48

46

16

16

17

15

100

53

100

62

100

44

100

50

100

69

, ,
.

28

,
-
,
,
. 4
140 0.

4 140 0, :
1 ;
2 ;
3 ;
4 ; 5

[49]
-6 . ,
-6 -

29

, ,
.
.
-6
-

.
-6 ,
, ,
.
,
-
- -6
12-14 %.
55-65 %.
35 2/ 100 0, 67 0,
20 0 960 /3.
[50]

. ,
, 400-450 0 450-500 0,
500 0.

,
10.
- ,

11 12.

30

10 ,

20 0, nD20
1,49
1,49-1,53
1,53-1,59
1,59

500 ,

. ,
,
.
< 0,5
, .. .
> 0,5,
.
, [50].
- 0,5, ..
- .

0,5.

, .

, .
-
.

. ,

31

, .
0,45-0,50. ,
- ,
,
, .
2,0 4,0
68 0. -

. , .
-
.

,
.
[50].
300 %
, ,
- [50].
. , ,

, ,
.

,

4
.

32

11 - - ,

,
%

, %

400-450 0
-

2,22
1,72
1,70
2,5
3,6

34,5
28
36
47
62

65,5
72
64
53
38

450-500 0
-

3,3
3,0
1,7
2,4
4,0

47,1
40,7
36
44
62

52,9
59,3
64
56
38

500 0
-

2,14
2,0
2,9
-

33,4
33
42
-

66,6
67
58
-

20 0,
420
400-450 0
0,889
0,856
9,6
0,893
13,3
0,948
18,3
1,036
0
450-500
0,909
0,879
9,6
0,898
13,0
0,963
20,0
1,043
0
500
0,874
11,2
0,920
14,2
0,984

, %

20 0

100 0,
,
2/
0

-30,

1,4970
1,4740
1,5124
1,5486
1,6035

102
121
66
38
-6

63,1
4,98
8,84
13,6
18,05

0,325
0,60
< 0,25
< 0,25
< 0,25

1,5002
1,4789
1,5138
1,5420
1,6052

118
126
72
57
-9

9,3
7,15
11,5
18,9
61,0

0,525
0,65
0,325
0,287
0,45

1,4787
1,5162
1,5484
-

138
102
78
-

12,8
36,1
284,2
-

1,1
0,775
-

33

12 - - ,

,
%

, %

400-450
-

2,81
3,2
1,8
2,5
3,3

47
57,4
33
58
60

53
42,6
67
42
40

450-500 0
-

4,6
3,2
2,0
3,4
4,4

61,7
50
37
50
52

38,3
50
63
50
48

500 0
-

3,8
2,0
4,0

45
32
36

55
68
64

, %

,
420

400-450 0
0,903
0,8767
10,0
0,9182
14,0
1,0031
17,0
1,0299
0
450-500
0,940
0,8877
11
0,9342
18
1,0082
22
1,0362
500 0
0,8847
11
0,9442
20
1,0062

20 0

,
0

100 0,
2/

-30,

1,4982
1,4694
1,5094
1,5710
1,5910

83
125
66
25
-

6,3
4,6
6,52
10,3
15,1

0,25
0,65
<0,25
< 0,25
< 0,25

1,5110
1,4799
1,5192
1,5732
1,5926

89
123
68
26
5

11,6
7,2
11,9
27,2
34,1

0,387
0,725
0,262
0,462
0,50

1,4778
1,5152
1,5526

126
8
55

9,56
15,68
43,85

0,85
0,45
0,387

34

-
, .
- ,
:
, , , .
, ,

.

,
.

, ,
.

.
-.

:
,
. ,
.
,
[51].

1.5.

,
.

35

-
-, -, -,
, .
8,0 . ,
4,0 . /,

. ,
DAE
.

, .
[52], . ..
,
.

.

.
-,
, ,
-6.


.
13.
, ,
, , 14.

36

13

- - I
II

(66,6 %
(50,0 %
.
.

) )

, %
-
9
1
3
2
-

20
23
18
23
-

64
27
60
37
-

44
12
32
-
7
5
7
6

965
995
978
982
0
3
20 , /

69
24
56
47
0
,

44,0
13,5
28,5
23,0
0
2
100 , /

22
14
19
17
0
,

2,7
3,3
2,9
3,1
, %

III
(33,4 %
.

1
20
16
57
6
989
43
18,8
15
3,2

, , ,

,
.

.


, , , 5 [52].
() 15.

37

14
,

-6
I
II
III

,
525
575
550
550

62
64
57
66
300 %, /2

140
145
128
140
, /2
,
27
34
33
32
/
100 0, %
69
68
72
72

100
85
87
98
, %

(-),
/
20 0
9,2
7,0
8,4
7,4
100 0
7,2
5,0
6,3
6,3

- .

16.
15


,
0

,

1
2
3
4
1

40-45
1:1

, %
5

38

15
1

1
1

65-67

1:1,25

60

1:1,5

1:2,3
1:2,35

5
15

2
50-55
40

1,
, 30 %
.

, ,
.

, ,
.
,

, ,
.

. ,
,
. 17.
,
.

2, ,
[52].

39

40

16

-

- -

- -

-
- -

100
0
, ,
, 2/
0

420

12

25

57

0,963

67

30

33,2

21

18

31

23

0,954

61

27

12

11

1,016

30

23

68,4

11

0,988

46

18

50,8

33

13

41

11

73

19

26

52

0,943

84

39

25,7

22

61

0,972

58

27

40,0

29

21

46

0,942

76

16

11,0

17

19

27

31

0,966

51

26

13,6

21

59

11

1,033

-6

15

28,5

 17
,

-
-
- -


%
- ,

20 0 100 0
300
,
/
-2
2
2
/
/

(6)

82

206

58

61

38

55

1
2
2

88
79
72

69
57
56

62
61
61

38
39
39

61
59
59

76

213
204
220

208

60

60

39

57

4
,
,
, 2, ( 5),

16)

( 17).
.

, BP Oil International Limited

[54]. ( 5).
,
. -
.

, , ,

42

.
. ,

.
-,
. IP 346/92
2,85 % ,
ASTMD-2007 28 %
, - () 0,90, 62 0.
. ()

.
.

. -1

.
-1 ,
- .
[54-71], ,
,
, , , , N-,
,

.
-

43

3,0 % . IP 346/92.
, , ,
.
Shell Oil Company [72]
.
, 350-680 0,
, ,
, ..

N-. 1,5-2,5:1.
,
-.
50-90 0,
60-90 0.

50

, ,
,
.
Exxon Research and Engineering Company [48]
- ,
.

.
300-375 0, 3,517,0 0,1-2 -1.

N-,
.
,

44

80-120 0. ,
-.

,

.
Mobil Oil Corporation US 5308470 Non-carcinogenic bright
stock extracts and deasphalted oils

5 % ., 510 0.

,
.
-
-

: 40-50 % . , 40-50%
.

1-2:1
50-60 0.

40-50 % ,
50 % . ,
40 % .

.
[49],
,

45

TDAE TRAE.
. -
.
- ,
2-180/120,
.

,
, ,
. ,
, .
.
:

( : 2-4:1);
- ,

.
[8]

.


.
65 55 0 .
85 70-72 0 .
( 1:14)
18.

46

18

, 420
0,9678

1,5300
0
50

46,05
100 0, 2/
, 0
28
, % .
2,2
, % .
3,0
, 0
62,6

20
, 4
0,9447

1,5272
50 0

38,5
0
2
100 , /
, % .
1,8
, % .
2,72
0
,
63,1
, /
515
, % .
94

20
, 4
1,0

0
2
100 , /

62-72
0
,
, % .
, % .
6

II

0,9432
1,5140
22,01
1,0
2,5
70,7
471
55
1,0052
160,02
6,24
45

19
.

47

1
2
-
, % .
9,9
10,9
16,9

1,4838
1,4830
1,4800
20 0
, 420
0,8813
0,8796
0,8889
,
, % .
19,2
23,1
28,2

1,5098
1,5120
1,5100
20 0
, 420
0,9203
0,9246
0,9262
0
2
100 , /
19,12
20,19
16,57

76
66
60
-
0,856
0,862
0,866
,
, % .
64,8
61,0
50,2

1,5593
1,5581
1,5480
20 0
, 420
0,9965
1,0062
0,9837
0
2
100 , /
100,74
87,25
45,47

-80
-41
-67
-
0,928
0,932
0,924
,
, % .
7,0
5,0
4,7

-
. 2
,

-
.

19

48

. ,
,
.

1.6.

50-60 .
.

: .. , .. ,
.. , . , .. , .. , .. ,
.. [6,7,8].

,
- .
,
, ,
,

[6,7,8].
,

, ,
,
,
, , , ,
.

49

, - .

.

- ,
.
6 [8].
,

.

6
, : 1- - ; 2
nD20 =1,49-1,53; 3 ()
n D20> 1,53; 4 .

,
-

50

,

.
7

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
16

21

26

31

36
41

7
()
(A).

. ,
, ,
.

51

(, ).
, ,

.
,

,
,
, ,
.
.

52

,
,
;

.
8 [6,7].

, ,
.

.
,
,
.

, , ,
, .
,
,

, , ,

.

.

53

. 9
.

,

, .. 1 2 .

10.

,
, ,
,

, 0

. [9,10]

100

80

60

40
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

, 2/

 , % .

54
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10

0
-60

-40

-20

20

40

60

80
100
0
,

10
( )

,
.

,
,
. ,
,

2,

,
.

, .

55

, ,

.

; .

1.7.

-, , -
2020 78 .
.

2005/69.
-

2005/69

TRAE, TDAE MES,

. ,
-

Nynas,

Hansen&Rosenthal . ,
-,
- DAE
TDAE, TRAE MES.

56

-
,
.
,
,
. ,

.

.

,
(.. , , N, 1, 10,0, 100 300 /3
),

(
).

57

2.
2.1.

4- () .

20 21.
,
.
20 -

100, 2/

50

, /3

, %

, % .

4-

33

13,21

62,93

54,8

85,69

18995

1,5415

1,5325

1,5316

1,5347

12329

45,4

70

74,8

70

4333

224

288

266

295

965

973,5

986,5

974

11

35

23

32
26
42

52
25
23

49
29
22

52
23
25

17,0

6,4

6,8

5,9

ASTM D
4052

20287
ASTM
D 2140

IP 346/92

58

21

4-

24,69
24,85
24,77
19,91
3,74
2,04

35,63
9,14
14,08
27,82
7,63
4,98
IP 469

17,69

23,62

22,39
24,23
24,69
8,01
2,99

12,27
16,47
28,88
11,92
6,84

21,41

34,75

16,18

22,93

71,89
4,52
2,18

51,18
8,90
5,17

71,56
9,11
3,15

57,12
12,98
6,97

22.
22
, % .
4

5
10
30
50
70
90
95

365
396
409
435
451
465
488
501
534

, 0

1
2
365
324
491
456
522
488
563
542
588
573
601
598
641
633
652
650
724
687

3
381
502
536
595
602
622
661
683
731

59

.
23.
23

C2H6
C3H6
C3H8
C4

%
2-6
0-5
85-93
2-4

%
1-4
0-4
86-94
1-5

40-44 /.
2.2.
, ,
:
- ;
- .
2.2.1.

.
2.2.1.1.


,
..
. 11.

60

5. 1
2 5.
5
2 9
12
3,
2
06 .
5 6
11.

11

1 ; 2 ; 3
; 4 ; 5
; 6 ; 7
; 8 ; 9 ; 10
; 11 ; 12 .

61

,
, ,
: ,
,

[11]. ,
,
, .
5

6
2

3
4
1

12 -
1 , 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5 ; 6
; 7 .

62

2.2.1.2.

)
. ,
( IP 346/92)

: .

13.
-1 -1
-1, .

-1,
()
().

-1

-3 -4
, ( 13
).
(
), , - ,
.

63

13
-1 , -1 , -1 ,
, -1 , -3 , -3
( ), -2, 2
, -2 , -2 , -4
, I , II , III
( ), IV (), V , VI
.

64

2.2.2 -
2.2.2.1.


-1 ( 38.115.20381), -
() [14].
.

() ,
.
, ,
,
.

:
- - ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .

200.

40-60
.
(2
). 24.

65

24
1

2
.

8,0

3,0

0,2

1,0

0,2

1,0

.
1 ,
2 .

2,0
4,0 . 2,5-3,0
1 . ,
, ,
, . .
, ,
. ,
,
. ().
5 :
1. - ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. ;
5. .
,
1 1,5-2,0 2,

66

. 2
.


,
.
.

,
.

0,0001.

,
.

( )
:
1-10% - 0,5%;
10-30 % - 0,9%;
30-80% - 1,2%.
,
:
1-10% - 1,4%;
10-30% - 2,5%;
30-80% - 3,4% =0,95.

2.2.2.2. IP 469/01

IP

469/01

,
-

67

[15].

, ,
300 0
5 % .
, , I
() II (), .


. -
,
,
, .
Chromarod.

1.
10010 5
.
.
2.
,
, 1
.

50-70 0 2 .
.
3. ()
,
1005
.
50-70 0 5

68

.
. ,
(80 20 % . )
, 505
.
.
(95 5 % . )
, 202
.
.
4.
TLC/FID
.
.

i-ChromStar.

.

25.
25 IP 469/01

I ()
II
()

,
% .
5-80
12-59
4,2-29
2,4-30

, ,
%
%
0,4
0,551 0x
1,677 4x0,4
0,683 2x0,5
1,700 0x0,5
0,608 8x0,7
0,422 4x0,7
0,765 0x0,5

2,194 3x0,5

69

2.2.2.3.
IP 346/92
IP 346/92

,

[13].

1-15 % .
,
300 5 % .

, ,
.


232.
,
.
.

.
14

IP 346,
.
,
,
().

70

14
IP 346/92

4,00,15 50
. 45
10 .

.
, ,
100 , .
232, 1 (
100 ).
20 .
, ,

71

1 .
100 , .
,
. 10 ,
1
. 40 400
1 ,
. 2-
.
// 1 .
250 .
1
25 250
.

12

1
. 40 1
2 .
. 250
. 1
5
250 .
25
( 70 ).
.

5 .
250 , .
8
.
,

72

. 800
0,5 .
, .
15 17
,
. 50

0,1 . 250
50 ,
, . 250
5
50 . 50
,

80 0 1,50,5
15 , 105-110 0 ,
( 0,2 )
. , ,
.
30 .
0,1 .


:
,

(1)

A , , ,
;
B 50 ,
();

73

C 50 + +
.

26 .
26 IP 346/92
PCA, %
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15

0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,6
0,7

0,2
0,5
0,7
0,9
1,0
1,2
1,3
1,5

2.2.2.4.

ASTM D 2140
. ,

,
-.

,
(CA, CN, CP). ,
15, -
(VGC)

, :
- 37,8 0;
- 20 0;
- 15,6 0 20 0.

74

- :

: G 15,6 0;
V 37,8 0, 2/.
:

:nD20 20 0;
d 20 0, /3.

15
,

75

2.2.2.5.
-

, 27.
27 -

100 0

33, ASTM D 445

40 0

33, ASTM D 445

25371

12329

20
18995.2, ASTM D 1747
0

50

4333, ASTM D 92

1437, ASTM D 6481

20 0

3900, ASTM D 4052

15 0

51069, ASTM D 4052

76

3.

3.1.


1985 1995 .

.
,
,
-.
IP 346/92,

[75].

IP

346/92

,
() . ,

-, ,

,
0,1 % . IP 346/92
,
, ,

. , ,
IP 346/92
[76-82]. ,
10000 ppm
- 0,1 % ,

77

. IP 346/92
,

[83-98].

232 0.

PAH-0397 ( . . ).
--.
PAH-0397 16

16 -
PAH-0397

78

N,N-,
( 9:1:10 ).
, , .
, N,N-,
N,N-,
( 1:1:2 ).
. ,
, .
, 10,0 % ,
.

.
, , LH-20,
N,N- (85,0 15,0 % ).
-,
.
. ,
. ,
, .
.
,

LH-20, .
0-48 . 48-180 ,
,
() Vydac 201TP, Bakerbond
PAH-16 plus, Nucleosil 5 C18 PAH .
.
. ,
, , . ,
, --.

79

,
. 8-
((), (), (),
,

(b),

(j),

(k),

(a,h)) [76].

3.2.
IP 346/92 PAH-0397

IP 346/92
, .
,

IP 469, ,
() IP 346/92
.
IP 346/92
-0397 ,
,
. ,
( 4.1),
IP 346/92 PAH-0397.
-0397 BIU (Biochemical
Institute for Environmental Carcinogens) .

7
6

5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1

IP 346/92, % .

() -0397, /

80

0



3 1 2
IP 346/92, % .
() -0397, /

100
90

80
70

60
3

50
40

30
20

IP 346/92, % .

-0397, /

17 - IP 346/92
() PAH-0397

10
0

0



3 1 2
8- -0397, /
IP 346/92, % .

18 - IP 346/92
8 -0397

81

17 18
IP 346/92 ()
8 -0397
(
).
17 18 ,
IP 346/92
() 8 .
IP 346/92 3,0 % . () 8
1 / 10 / ,
IP 346/92 3,0 % . 1 /
10 / . .., ,
,
3,0 % ., 2005/69/
() 8 .
, IP 346/92
PAH-0397
.

82

4.

4.1.


.

86 0, 8:1
3,5 [11]. -
28.
28 -

100, 2/

50
,

,
, /3

, %

IP 346/92,
% .

4-

13,52

26,91

26,96

37,68

1,5294

1,5263

1,5296

1,5260

74,2

78,0

83,0

84,0

246

260

224

269

975,0

942,0

961,5

955,0

34
28
38

55
32
13

50
35
15

57
29
14

16,2

4,1

5,4

2,9

83

IP 469.
, IP 469,
29.
29

-
:

4-

1
2
3

30,70
47,12
23,93
33,19
26,18
15,63
25,16
17,01
13,38
13,61
2,81
4,90
1,77
1,73
IP 469
28,40
45,19
65,71
46,92
3,93
5,98
1,96
1,91

25,17
28,26
15,34
5,65
1,65

19,56
24,78
18,36
3,01
1,10

21,53
70,02
6,69
1,76

31,08
63,27
4,15
1,50

, ,
,
.

[57],

, . ,
. ,


21 39 .

84

22-40
.


31-48 .

. ,
,
10-20 ,
, 16-30 ,

.


[100].

3, .

.

, ( 8).

,
,

, 4-
, .
, IP 346/92

85

.
30.
Mobil Oil Corporation US 5308470 Non-carcinogenic bright
stock extracts and deasphalted oils [101] ,

()

, 330-540 0.

IP 346/92 4- , 410-530 0.
30

()

, 0
495

()

493

()

()
(,h)
(1,2,3-c,d)
[a,l]

340
383
404
279
438
448
480
524
536
595

[58]

5 %
. Mobil Oil
Corporation US 4499187 [60].
, ,
. 19
5 % .

86

3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
460

470

480

490

500

510

520

530

5 % .
19 -
5 % .

( 21)
-1 ( 29),
.

. 3
( 21).
3
,
.

.

( ),
. ,

87

,
(
), , .
[61]

(
).

4.2.

,
.

,
. .

. ,

,

( IP 346/92).

[103].
,
. ,

88

, .

.
.



:
. 1.

4.2.1.

,
.

8:1,
20

3,5 . -

31.
31 - -

/ , 0
60/40
65/45
70/50
75/55
80/60
1
2
3
4
5
6

48
43
36
33
31
, %

48,97
42,58
36,54
31,17
25,43
100, 2/

1,5305 1,5285
1,5212
1,5115
1,5091
50

89

31
1
,

,
20 0, /3
, %

IP 346/92, % .

2
73

3
75

4
78

5
83

6
84

266

266

264

263

263

983,0

971,6

967,3

959

956,5

52
26
22

52
27
21

54
31
15

55
33
12

55
35
10

6,9

6,1

5,4

3,9

3,2

32
20.
32

-
:

/ , 0
60/40
65/45

43,91
46,25

70/50

75/55

80/60

48,84

49,84

50,81

14,37
15,64
15,42
16,46
19,19
16,68
5,19
3,45
1,92
1,52
IP 469
42,87
45,17
49,09
49,12
6,01
4,13
2,03
1,58

17,74
17,78
12,21
2,38
1,05

18,46
18,52
10,49
1,85
0,67

18,93
18,89
9,85
1,12
0,40

47,63
48,51
2,77
1,09

48,65
48,47
2,17
0,71

49,55
48,73
1,30
0,42


(), % .

90
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
60

65
-

70

75
80
, 0

20
( )
,
,
-, -
, ,
.
,
, , ,
.
(
20 0)
21 ( ).

91
, %
.

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
60

65

70

75

80

,
-

21
( ).

,
.

0, 20 40 0,
8 : 1 3,5 .
- ,
,
33. 34
.

92

33 - -

, %
100 , 2/
50
,
,
20 0, /3
, %

IP 346,
% .

/
, 0
60/60
80/60
80/40
31
54,17
34,96
25,43
1,5312
1,5165
1,5091
72
78
84
285
281
263
968,3
961,2
956,5
52
25
23

55
35
10

53
28
19

6,3

3,2

5,9

( 34).
20 0 -
.
IP 346/92 3,2 % .
40 0 , ,
, -
. IP 346/92 5,9 % .
34


1
-

/ , 0
60/60
2

38,17

80/60
3

80/40
4

50,81

43,16

93

34
1
:

2
10,18
14,12
26,06
6,96
4,51
IP 469
37,48
49,45
8,42
4,65

18,93
18,89
9,85
1,12
0,4

12,23
15,01
22,47
4,98
2,15

49,55
48,73
1,30
0,42

41,47
50,11
6,25
2,17

, 20 0
-, -
.
4.2.2.

80 60 0
35 . -
35.
35 -

6:1

, %

100, 2/

50
,

8:1
10 : 1

12 : 1

29

31

34

37

31,69

25,43

26,19

27,84

1,5315

1,5091

1,5115

1,5146

67

84

81

79

94

,
, /3

, %

IP 346, % .

264

263

264

264

958,3

956,5

957,9

958,0

53
31
16

55
35
10

55
33
12

54
32
14

5,9

3,2

3,6

4,1

36
22.
36

/ , 0

-
:

6:1
8:1

43,32
50,81

10 : 1

12 : 1

47,25

45,59

12,75
13,85
22,13
4,85
3,1

18,93
18,89
9,85
1,12
0,40

17,84
17,63
13,26
2,65
1,37

16,36
16,54
15,41
3,98
2,12

IP 469
42,29
49,55
48,75
48,73

46,11
49,32

44,43
48,68

5,67
3,29

1,30
0,42

3,09
1,48

4,69
2,2

(6:1)

95

(31,69 2/) (1,5315),

(67 0) ,
.
IP 346/92 5,9 % .
8:1
,

(),
% .

.
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
6

10
12

22 ( )
( ).

 , % .

96
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
6

8
-

10

12

23 ( )


, (
23). ;
IP 346/92 3,2 % .
10:1 12:1,
,
( 23), ,
. IP 346/92
3,6 4,1 .

97

4.2.3.
[11, 104] ,

. ,
, ,
. ,
-
.

4.3.

TRAE

3.3.1.

TRAE

- TRAE
.

.

.

, N-.
- TRAE
24.

98

24 - TRAE


.
,
.

- TRAE
. 25.
25

100,
2/,
, % .,
:
5 %
, 0,

33

60,0

IP 346/92

8,0

ASTM D
2887

490

99

.
.
,
- TRAE,

.

,
25, 26.
26


, 0,
,
( ),

38 ,
% .,

80
20
8
95,6

27.
27

- TRAE

% .
100
100
30
70
100

100

3.3.2. - TRAE

-
TRAE,
-583 (TRAE) .
28.
28
- TRAE
( )

, ./
292000
2-80/120, ./
32000
, ./
15000
-, % .
90
-583, ./
53000

, ./
5000
, ./
15000
- TRAE, %
30
- TRAE,
21000
./
-
TRAE, , -,
,
- -583,
.

0,1 1 .

101

5. -
-
5.1.

36/1 3
.
36/1 3
, , ,
,

.

I II , ,

.
-
- TRAE

36/1

3.

,
.

II

),

.
,
37/4.
- 3 .

.

102

.
29.
29
.

,
3/
5,00,5

, 0
64,01,0

,
3/

,
,
0
0

0
,
40,03,0
53,01,0
80,0 2,0
60,02,0

. - TRAE 40 .
30 % . 31 32 -
.
IP 346/92 - 2,7 % .
32 -


100, 2/
20
,

,
, /3
, %

IP
346/92, % .

TRAE

61,74

19,30

1,5319
73

1,5170
84

268

231

987,2

973

10
55
35

19
56
25

7,6

2,7

103

33
- TRAE

-
17,12
:
22,49

23,13

24,69

9,01

3,56
IP 469
-
22,73

65,23

8,51

3,53

-
TRAE
29,18
25,98
24,88
15,16
2,40
2,40
30,17
65,23
2,37
2,23

- TRAE

5.2.

TRAE,

- ,

. TRAE (DAE, TDAE,
NAP).

11 100
- -30 .
-
5 100
. 32 33
- .

104

,
, - TRAE,

-, -
. , ,
TRAE, ,
-

.
32 -

DAE TDAE

NAP

TRAE

0,28

0,30

0,29

10,0

9,6

9,5

18,6

17,0

16,0

0,23-0,35

0,30

-

9,5-13,5
9,8
300%,
, 16,0 18,4
, %
, /

100
, .
, %

100
, 3/

, 100 % ,

400

617

627

563

573

55

66
52
66

65
48
68

63
45
68

68
48
67

22
30
73

24
32
75

24
32
74

24
32
67

64-70

89375 68542 127375 112292

-
, .

105

,
. TRAE

.
33 -

DAE TDAE NAP

0,25-0,35 0,32 0,31 0,29

2
24
48

TRAE
0,28

6,6 8,0 5,6

6,1
6,1 5,5 5,0
5,2
5,9 3,2 3,3
5,1
,
0,21 0,18 0,22
0,24
-
300%, 12,0-16,0 15,3 15,4 15,6
15,2
,
20,3 21,4 20,9
20,7
, %
20,0
460 433 420
440
350
94
, /
93 100
102
80
, .

76
75
75
76
100
73
73
73
73
, %

30
30
30
30
100
38
40
40
38
, 150 % ,
41208 26833 45583 44000

6,1
5,2
5,1

36/1 3 ,
- TRAE,

-,

106

1. ,

, ,
.
2.
IP 346/92 () 8
.
3 % , ()
1 /, 8
10 /. 3 % .,
() 8 1 / 10 /
.
3. ,
, ,


100 0 80 2/
5 % . 502 0 (
2,9 % .). , 4 , 16,2 %
.

5 % . 4- (

100

13,21

2/,

5 % . 365 0).
4.

,
100 0 60 2/ 5 % .
490 0:

107

- 80 0;
- 20 0;
- 8:1 ( ).
5. - TRAE

,
.

TRAE

.
6.

36/1 3
. -
:
- 40,03,0 3/;
- 5,00,5 3/;
- 80,0 2,0 0;
- 60,02,0 0;
- 64,01,0 0;
- 53,01,0 0.
- TRAE 40
IP 346/92 2,7 % .
30 % .
7. - TRAE,
- ,
. ,
,
.

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