ARM ISA extensions

Thumb
The Thumb instruction set was introduced in the fourth version of
the ARM architecture in order to achieve higher code density for
embedded applications. Thumb provides a subset of the most
commonly used 32-bit ARM instructions which have been
compressed into 16-bit wide opcodes. On execution, these 16-bit
instructions can be either decompressed to full 32-bit ARM
instructions or executed directly using a dedicated Thumb decoding
unit. Although Thumb code uses 40% more instructions than
equivalent 32-bit ARM code, it typically requires 30% less space.
Thumb code is 40% slower than ARM code; therefore Thumb is
usually used only in non-performance-critical routines in order to
reduce memory and power consumption of the system.
Jazelle
Jazelle is a hardware implementation of the Java virtual machine
that allows ARM processors to execute Java bytecode. The hardware
implementation avoids the overhead of software approaches, such
as software emulation of the virtual machine or JIT compilation.