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Karl Marx was a revolutionary thinker and philosopher who criticized capitalism. He theorized that history was based on class struggles between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. Under capitalism, he argued relationships were reduced to commodities that could be bought and sold. Marx believed this exploitation of workers would ultimately lead to revolution and the establishment of socialism, where resources would be commonly owned and production focused solely on satisfying human needs. Lenin adapted Marx's ideas by arguing for a vanguard party to lead the proletariat in overthrowing capitalism and establishing a dictatorship before transitioning to communism. There are different forms of socialism such as Maoism, Stalinism, and Trotskyism.
Karl Marx was a revolutionary thinker and philosopher who criticized capitalism. He theorized that history was based on class struggles between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. Under capitalism, he argued relationships were reduced to commodities that could be bought and sold. Marx believed this exploitation of workers would ultimately lead to revolution and the establishment of socialism, where resources would be commonly owned and production focused solely on satisfying human needs. Lenin adapted Marx's ideas by arguing for a vanguard party to lead the proletariat in overthrowing capitalism and establishing a dictatorship before transitioning to communism. There are different forms of socialism such as Maoism, Stalinism, and Trotskyism.
Karl Marx was a revolutionary thinker and philosopher who criticized capitalism. He theorized that history was based on class struggles between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. Under capitalism, he argued relationships were reduced to commodities that could be bought and sold. Marx believed this exploitation of workers would ultimately lead to revolution and the establishment of socialism, where resources would be commonly owned and production focused solely on satisfying human needs. Lenin adapted Marx's ideas by arguing for a vanguard party to lead the proletariat in overthrowing capitalism and establishing a dictatorship before transitioning to communism. There are different forms of socialism such as Maoism, Stalinism, and Trotskyism.
Capitalism? Karl Marx Largely influential Western revolutionary thinker and philosopher Ideas formed the foundation of Communism
Biography
- Studied law and went into journalism
- Moved to Paris, the central of revolutionary thought
- Became a revolutionary communist and
befriended Friedrich Engels
- Co-authored the book The Communist Manifesto
in 1848 with Engels
- Theorised that all human history was based on class struggles - Class struggles would ultimately disappear with the victory of the proletariat (the working class) - Criticised Capitalism: - Reduced relationships to a commodity, question of cash - Something that could be bought and sold at market rate - Mechanisation and simplification of labour processes reduced the need for skilled workers - Reduced wages - Ability of the proletariat to enjoy the benefits of industrialisation and expansion of producing more goods declined Moved to London, and spent the remainder of his life there Family lived in poverty with Engels financially supporting Marx Focused on writing the book Das Capital - First volume: Bible of the working class - Remainder of the volumes were edited by Engels after Marxs death Deeply distressed by his wife and daughters death (1881) - In physical and creative decline in his final years - Died in 1883
2. Marxs Solution Socialism What was it?
Common ownership - Resources of the land being owned by the entire population - Everyone would have the right to be able to participate in discussions on how the resources should be used - Free access to all resources - Everyone would have the right to participate in the social decisions that affect them - Production in Socialism would be designed only for use - Sole aim of production is to satisfy human needs - End to consumerism
3. How did Lenin adapt Marxs ideas of Socialism?
Vladimir Lenin - leader of the first successful communist revolution in the world - Belief that a revolutionary proletariat class would not emerge automatically from Capitalism - Need of a professional revolutionary to lead the working class in the overthrowing of Capitalism, followed by a dictatorship of the proletariat as the first stage in developing towards communism - Saw the developing world as the frontline in the struggle against imperialism
4. What other forms of socialism are there?
(Maoism, Stalinism, Trotskyism) Maoism: - Ideology and methodology for revolution developed by Mao Zedong and his associates in the Chinese Communist Party (1920s - 1976) until Maos death in 1976. - Distinct revolutionary outlook Stalinism: - The method of rule, or policies, of Joseph Stalin, Soviet Communist Party and state (1929 - 1953) - Regime of terror - Marxist ideology based on the theory of permanent revolution; Leon Trotsky (18791940). - Came to represent whatever ideology Stalin wished it to represent. Trotskyism: - Marxist ideology based on the theory of permanent revolution
5. How can socialism be criticised?
- Allows for free market and individualism
- Values the ideas of each human being as every human being is unique and valuable - Communism does not value the thoughts and ideas of an individual only values the better for society
- Based on human nature of greed and self-interest Communism goes against this belief (wants to better society as a whole without looking at the needs of a sole being
- No intervention from the government
- No prerequisite can do whatever they want freedom, individualism - Consumerism - System of supply and demand will never overproduce due to the market producing goods according to the peoples wants
- Increases the standard of life due to an easier way of making money
- Communism settles for equality of every person in society - Same standard of living for everybody