Endocrine system

Cell
Tissue
Organism

Organ

System

Internal control of the body

Nervous

System
Endocrine System

Endocrine System:
is a
collection of glands that
produce/secrete hormones that
regulate metabolism, growth,
development, reproduction etc.

 Chemical co-ordination
Exocrine system
Endocrine system
20 glands (endocrine system)
Endocrinology
Hormones
Feedback mechanism

Thyroid Gland
In the neck(below the
larynx)
Two lobes and isthmus

SECRETION:

Thyroxin
Tri- iodo thyronin
Calcitonin

Thyroxin

Rapid growth, sexual reproduction

and stress
somatotropin + thyroid

Brain cell
differentiation
metamorphism

Hypothyroidism

cretinism:

Retardation
Dry skin
Puffy eye lids
Scanty brittle hair
S.S.C failure

Goiter:

Iodine deficiency

Myxedema:

Weight gain
Loss of hair
Slow pulse rate
Lethargy
Low body temperature
Skin and hand puffy

Hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism
Graves disease:
Cause: TSH
Nervousness
High heart rate and B.P
Weight loss
High O2 consumption
Bulging eyes
Cardiac failure
Treatment:Drugs
Surgery

Calcitonin

Controls calcium level in blood

Deficiency or efficiency of calcitonin leads
effects on nerve, skeleton, muscles etc

Parathyroid

On thyroid (in pair)

SECRETION:
Parathormone

controls blood calcium level

parathormone
Deficiency

Muscular Tetany
Fatal

Efficiency

Bones weakening
(rickets)
Kidney stone
Fatal

Pancreas
(Islets of langerhans)

stimulation from STH and

ACTH
Regulate blood glucose
level

SECRETION:
Insulin (beta cells)
Glucagon (alpha cells)

Insulin

Glucose Glycogen
Glucose Cells
Glucose consumption
Glucose Protein/lipids
Glucose production

Insulin
Deficiency
Diabetes mellitus
Conc. Urine
Abnormal thirst
Weakness
Fatigue

Efficiency

Hypoglycemia
Dilute urine
Reduced muscle and
impulse functioning

Glucagon

Tumor in the alpha cell

Hypothalamus

Part of forebrain
Thirst center
Posterior pituitary

(oxytocin and
vasopressin)
Anterior pituitary (tropic
hormones)

Pituitary gland
(hypophysis cerebri)

Base of brain
Connected to brain
Infundibulum

Anterior pituitary
1.Somatotropin (GH)

.Hypothalamus
.SRF
.Anterior pituitary
.STH
.Liver
.Somatomedins
.Efficiency
Gigantism
Acromegaly

Deficiency

Dwarfism

2.Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

HPT axis
Hypothalamus
TRF
Anterior pituitary
TSH
Thyroid gland
Thyroxin
Tri-iodothyronin
Calcitonin

3.Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

HPA axis
Hypothalamus
CRH
Anterior pituitary
ACTH
Adrenal cortex
Cortisol / stress hormone (glucocorticoid and
mineralocorticoid)
Released under influence of stress conditions
Cotisol deficiency
Addisons disease
Cortisol efficiency
Cushing s disease

Gonadotrophic hormones
4.Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
5.Leuteinising hormone (LH/ICSH)
.HPG axis
.Hypothalamus
.GnRH
.Anterior pituitary
.FSH (estrogen secretion/sperm)
.LH (progesterone secretion)
ICSH (testosterone)
6.Prolactin (LTH)
.Stimulates milk production
.PIH (Dopamine)

Median pituitary
1.Melanophore stimulating hormone
(MSH)

. Sunlight
. MSH
. Melanocytes
. Melanin
. Causes darkening of skin and hair
. More production during pregnancy and Addison's
disease
. Protection from UV rays of sun

Posterior pituitary
1.Antidiuretic (ADH) or vasopressin

.Causes water reabsorption

(actively)

.Deficiency
Diabetes insipidus
Dilute urine
Great thirst

in collecting duct

2.Oxytocin
Acts on smooth muscles
Causes contraction of uterus during birth
And ejection of milk from mammary glands
Artificially used to induce labor
Stimulation (positive feedback)