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physical property
solid
extensive property
liquid
intensive property
gas
chemical property
vapor
Most common substances exist as
solids, liquids, and gases, which have
diverse physical and chemical
properties.
Substances
Matter is anything that has mass and takes
up space.
Matter is everything around us.
Matter with a uniform and unchanging
composition is a substance.
States of Matter
The physical forms of matter, either solid,
liquid, or gas, are called the states of
matter.
Solids are a form of matter that
have their own definite shape and
volume.
Liquids are a form of matter that
have a definite volume but take the
shape of the container.
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(cont.)
physical change
phase change
chemical change
law of conservation of mass
Matter can undergo physical and
chemical changes.
Physical Changes
A change that alters a substance without
changing its composition is known as a
physical change.
A phase change is a transition of matter from
one state to another.
Boiling, freezing, melting, and condensing all
describe phase changes in chemistry.
Chemical Changes
A change that involves one or more
substances turning into new substances is
called a chemical change.
Decomposing, rusting, exploding, burning, or
oxidizing are all terms that describe chemical
changes.
Conservation of Mass
The law of conservation of mass states
that mass is neither created nor destroyed
in a chemical reaction, it is conserved.
The mass of the reactants equals the mass of
the products.
massreactants = massproducts
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distillation
heterogeneous mixture
crystallization
homogeneous mixture
sublimation
solution
chromatography
filtration
Mixtures
A mixture is a combination of two or more
pure substances in which each pure
substance retains its individual chemical
properties.
A homogenous mixture is a mixture where
the composition is constant throughout.
Mixtures (cont.)
Homogeneous mixtures are also called
solutions.
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where
the individual substances remain distinct.
Mixtures (cont.)
Separating Mixtures
Filtration is a technique that uses a porous
barrier to separate a solid from a liquid in a
heterogeneous mixture.
Distillation is a separation technique for
homogeneous mixtures that is based on the
differences in boiling points of substances.
Crystallization is a separation technique for
homogenous mixtures that results in the
formation of pure solid particles from a
solution containing the dissolved substance.
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periodic table
percent by mass
compound
Elements
An element is a pure substance that cannot
be separated into simpler substances by
physical or chemical means.
92 elements occur naturally on Earth.
Each element has a unique name and a one,
two, or three-letter symbol.
The periodic table organizes the elements
into a grid of horizontal rows called periods
and vertical columns called groups.
Compounds
A compound is a made up of two or more
elements combined chemically.
Most of the matter in the universe exists as
compounds.
Table salt, NaCl, and water, H2O, are
compounds.
Compounds (cont.)
Elements can never be separated.
Compounds can be broken into components
by chemical means.
Compounds (cont.)
This figure shows
electrolysis of
water to form
hydrogen and
oxygen.
Compounds (cont.)
The properties of a compound are different
from its component elements.
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Chemistry Online
Study Guide
Chapter Assessment
Standardized Test Practice
Image Bank
Concepts in Motion
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