2 of CHAPTER 1 19 1.10 COORDINATE SYSTEMS AND TRANSFORMATION (©) acircle (@) acylinder () acone Match the items in the list at the left with those in the list at the right. Each answer can be used once, more than once, or not at all. (a) = a4 @ (b) @ = 2983 (i) (©) x= —10 (iii) @) r= 1,0 = x/3,6 = x/2 (iv) ©@p=5° w () p= 3,6 = 5x13 wi) (8) p= 10,.2=1 (vii) (h) r= 4,6 = 16 (vii) (i) r=5,0= 9B (x) «) A wedge is described by z = (a) The wedge lies in the x — y plane. (b) Itis infinitely long. (©) On the wedge, 0 < p < =. (d) A unit normal to the wedge is + infinite plane semi-infinite plane circle semicircle straight line cone cylinder sphere cube point , 30° < @ < 60°. Which of the following is incorrect? (e) The wedge includes neither the x-axis nor the y-axis. Answers: 1.lbf, 1.2a, 1.3c, 14b, 1.5b, 1.6d, 1.7b, 1.8c, 1.9a-(vi), b-Gi), c(i), d(x), 1.2 €-(vii), £(v), g-(iii), h-(iv), i-(ii), 1.10b. (a) P,(5, 120°, 0) (b) P2(1, 30°, ~10) (c) P3(10, 34/4, x/2) (d) P,(3, 30°, 240°) 1.1 Convert the following points to Cartesian coordinates: Express the following points in cylindrical and spherical coordinates: (a) PO, -4, ~3) (b) Q(3, 0, 5) (©) R(-2, 6,0)13 14 15 1.6 17 18 19 Prosiems = 21 Prove the following: cos 6 = -sing sing cos 6 (b) The 3 X 3 matrix in eq. (1.15) is the same as Ay, Ay My Bea aya, ay ay aya, Ala, Ay My A, (a) If V = xz — xy + yz, express Vin cylindrical coordinates. (b) If U = x? + 2y? + 3z*, express U in spherical coordinates. Transform the following vectors to cylindrical and spherical coordinates: (@ P=(y+2a, (b) Q = ya, + xza, + (x + y)a or-[3* ehe[state te @s-—-.,-— S-type rant im Convert the following vectors to cylindrical and spherical systems xa, + ya, + da, (@) F= Vette tp Ey Vetere eral mnanarintl peers Express the following vectors in the Cartesian system: (a) A = (p?Zcos"p sin $ + pz sin®6)a, + (pz sin d cos @ — p*z’cos 6 sin’d)ag + p’sin @ cos @ a, : (b) B = 67 sin 8 cos 6 a, + 4r-cos sin 6 ay + ray ‘Transform the following vectors to cylindrical and spherical coordinates: (a) D= («+ da, () B= (? - Pa, + za, + 7 Za, Let H = 3a, + 2a, — 4a, (a) Express H in cylindrical coordinates. (b) Evaluate H at point P(2, 60°, —1).22 Mo Guarter 1 COORDINATE SYSTEMS AND TRANSFORMATION 1.10 (a) Express the vector field H= remy + » + aya, in cylindrical and spherical coordinates. (b) In both cylindrical and spherical coordinates, determine H at (3, —4, 5). 1.11 (a) Show that point transformation between cylindrical and spherical coordinates is obtained using or p=rsin 6, =reost, o=6 (b) Show that vector transformation between cylindrical and spherical coordinates is obtained using A, sin@ 0 cos@ |[A, Ag|=|cos@ 0 —sine || A, Ae 0 1 0 SLA or Ay sin@ cos@ O][ 4, A|=| 0 0 a} Ay AL cos@ sind 0] Ay (Hint: Make use of Figures 1.5 and 1.6.) 1.12 (a) Express the point (8, —15, 12) in spherical coordinates. (b) Transform vector F = 2xya, — xa, into cylindrical coordinates. 1.13 Two points in cylindrical coordinates are P(10, 60°, 2) and (5, 30°, —4), Determine the distance between the two points. 1.14 Calculate the distance between the following pairs of points: (a) (2, 1, 5) and (6, —1, 2) (b) (3, #/2, —1) and (5, 3/2, 5) (©) (10, w/4, 3/4) and (5, 1/6, 72/4) 1.18 The transformation (A,, Ay, A.) > (Ay, Ay, A.) in eq, (1.15) is not complete. Complete it by expressing cos @ and sin ¢ in terms of x, y, and z. Do the same thing to the transforma- tion (A, Ag, Ag) > (Ay Ay, A.) in eq. (1.28). and B = rsin@ a, + 7° cos@ sin @ ay. Find #116 Let A = pcos da, + zsing ay ~ p: (a) A and Bat P(3, —2, 6) (b) The component (in spherical coordinates) of A along B at P (©) A unit vector (in cylindrical coordinates) perpendicular to both A and B at P 1.17 IfA = Sa, + 2a, — a and B = a, — 3a, + 4a. find: (@) A-B ) AXxB ” Single asterisks indicate problems of intermediate difficulty.1.18 1.19 1.20 *1.21 #122 *1.23 1.24 Prostems Mf 23 (©) The angle between A and B (d) The unit normal vector normal to the plane containing both A and B (c) The vector projection of A unto B Given that G = (x + ?)a, + xza, + (2? + zy)a.. find the vector component of G along ag at point P(8, 30°, 60°). Your answer should be left in the Cartesian system. Given the two points P(3, —4, 2) and Q(10, 1/2, 1/3), determine: (a) The Cartesian coordinates of (b) The spherical coordinates of P (©) The distance between P and Q Describe the intersection of the following surfaces: (a) x= 2, y=5 () x= 2, y=rl 2=10 (©r=10, 6=30° @ p=5, = 40° ©) ¢=60, z=10 ®r $ = 90° If the components of a vector F in space are defined as F,=Feosa F,=FoosB F. (a) Express a, 8, and 7/in terms of @ and ¢. Fos y (b) Show that cos’a + cos" + cos’ Let A = lz? — la, — pzcos bay + p*z7a, and B =r’ cos ¢a, + 2rsinfa, AtT(~3, 4, 1), calculate (a) A and B, (b) the vector component in cylindrical coordinates of A along B at T, (c) the unit vector in spherical coordinates perpendicular to both A and Ba. Given vectors A = 2a, + 4a, + 10: (a) A + Bat P(O,2, -5) (b) The angle between A and B at P (c) The scalar component of A along B at P nd B = —Sa, + a, — 3a., find A vector field in “mixed” coordinate variables is given by Gata 4 ? Express G completely in the spherical system.