Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

ELEME
NTS

I: Elements
Element: a pure substance that
cannot be separated into simpler
substances by physical or chemical
means. They contain only one type
of particle
Pure substance: contains only one
type of particle

Characteristic Properties
are:

Each element can be identified by its

characteristic properties

Properties that do not change regardless of

the sample size
Some examples are boiling point, melting
point and density (physical properties) and
reactivity with an acid (chemical property).

Elements Are Classified by

Their Properties
Elements are grouped into categories
according to their shared properties
Examples: iron, nickel and cobalt
All three are shiny, all conduct thermal
energy and electric current so all three
are grouped together in a single group
called metals

If You Know the Category,

You Know the Properties!
If the category is metals, what are
the properties?
Hint: we just talked about them

If You Know the Category,

You Know the Properties!
Elements are classified into three
categories: metals, nonmetals, and
metalloids
What are the characteristics of
metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
Copy them in to your lab book
Give examples of each one

Metals

Metals account
for about two
thirds of all the
elements and
about 24% of
the mass of the
planet. Metals
have useful
properties
including
strength,
ductility, high
melting points,
thermal and
electrical
conductivity,
and toughness.

Non-metals
Sulfur
Oxygen atom

Non-metals tend to be brittle and

non-conductive of heat or
electricity

Metalloids
(Si) Silicon is a
metalloid
Metalloids are also
semiconductors

Summarize:
which have the following
properties?
Which are good conductors of
electric current?
Brittle and nonmalleable?
Shiny?
Poor conductors of thermal
energy?

 Which are good conductors of electric

current?
Metals and some metalloids
Brittle and nonmalleable?
nonmetals
Shiny?
metals and some metalloids
Poor conductors of thermal energy?
nonmetals and some metalloids

Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Compo
unds

II:
Compounds

Few elements found in nature are found

alone; most elements are found
combined with other elements as
compounds
compound: is a pure substance
composed of two or more elements that
are chemically combined
H20- pure substance and compound
because it is the same type of molecule
throughout the entire sample

 In an compound, a particle is formed

when atoms from two or more elements
join
In order for atoms to join, they must
react or undergo a chemical change with
one another
The compound is a new pure substance
that is different from the elements that
reacted to form it

common
compounds:

Every Compound Has a

Unique Set of Properties
Each compound has its own unique
set of properties such as boiling
point, melting point, density and
color.
Compounds can also be identified by
chemical properties

Compounds Can Be Broken

Down
Into
Simpler
Substances
Some compounds can be broken down into
elements through chemical changes
Compounds cannot be broken down by
physical change
NaCl can be broken back down into their
original pure substances by adding an
electric current to the compound.

Compounds Can Be Broken

Down
Into Simpler Substances

Carbonic acid (or the stuff that

gives soda its fizz, can be broken
down into Carbon Dioxide and Water
These can be further broken down
into carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
through additional chemical change

Show Off
Take out a sheet of paper and answer this
question in a paragraph to turn in:
How are compounds and elements alike?
Different?
What is a compound?

A jar contains samples of the elements

carbon and oxygen. Does the jar contain
a compound? Support your response

Lets Check
Understanding
How are compounds and elements alike?
Different?

Both are pure substances , but elements cannot be broken

down into simpler substances; compounds can be broken
down into simpler substances

Lets Check Understanding

What is a compound?
A compound is a pure substance composed of two or more
elements that are chemically combined

Lets Check Understanding

A jar contains samples of the elements carbon and oxygen.
Does the jar contain a compound? Support your response.

A jar containing samples of carbon and oxygen does not contain a

compound because the two elements are not chemically combined.

Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Mixture
s

III: MIXTURES
Pizza Is A Mixture!
Write out your favorite pizza recipe.
Dont forget the ingredients for the
crust!

Pizza Is A Mixture!
What happens if you dont like one of
the ingredients that is on a pizza, or
in a salad, or in a party mix?

Mixtures can be physically separated!

Mixtures
A mixture is a combination of two or
more substances that are not
chemically combined
Substances in mixtures retain their
identity which makes the change a
____?_______
change.

Common techniques
for Separating
Mixtures

Common techniques
for Separating
Mixtures

Common techniques
for Separating
Mixtures

Try This!
With your table partner, think of a
way you might separate a mixture of
sand, sawdust, and gravel.
Be prepared to present your
suggestions to the class!

Unlike
Compounds
Mixtures do not
have a definite
mass ratio. Air is
an excellent
example! Some
days there is
more water
vapor than
others. These
are our more
humid days!

3 Types of Mixtures
Solutions
Suspensions
Colloids

Anticipation Guide
Which of these are solutions?
Air

Soft Drinks
Ocean water

antifreeze
brass

All are solutions! Lets find out

why!

Lets Talk Solutions

A solution is a mixture that appears
to be a single substance
Contains particles from 2 or more
substances
Described as homogeneous
solutions because they have the
same appearance and properties
throughout the mixture

How are solutions

made?
They dissolve!
Dissolving is when the particles in a
solution separate and spread evenly
throughout the mixture

What Are the

Components Of A
Solution?
The solute
is the substance or matter
being dissolved or is soluble (able to
be dissolved) in the solvent.
The solvent is the substance into
which the solute is dissolved

Think About It!

In salt water solution, which is the
solute and which is the solvent?
The salt is the solute and the water is the solvent.

Can Solids Be A
Solution?
YES!
Some examples are alloys which are metals or
nonmetals dissolved in metals.
Brass is an alloy of the metal zinc dissolved in
copper
Steel, including the steel used to build the
Titanic, is an alloy of the nonmetal carbon and
other elements dissolved in iron.

Examples of Different States in

Solutions

What About Matter That

Doesnt Dissolve In A
Solvent?
This matter is insoluble ( in = not)
and forms a mixture that is not
homogeneous and is not a solution.

Some Particles In Solutions Are

So Small
How small are they?
So small that they dont scatter light!

Concentrate on
Concentration
Concentration: measure of the
amount of solute dissolved in a
solvent
Concentration is expressed in grams
of solute per milliliter of solvent
Concentrations may be described as
either concentrated or dilute

Suspensions
Suspension: is a mixture in which
particles of a material are dispersed
throughout a liquid or gas but are large
enough that they settle out
The particles in a suspension are
insoluble
Particles are often described as
heterogeneous mixtures because
components are easily seen

The Particles In A
Suspension Are So Big
How big are they?
They are so big that they scatter or
block light making most suspensions
difficult to see through.
They are too heavy to remain mixed
without being stirred or shaken

So, What The Heck Is

Jello?

Jello is a colloid!

Colloid: is a mixture in which the particles

are dispersed throughout but are not heavy
enough to settle out.
The particles are small and fairly well-mixed
Solids, liquids and gases can be used to
make colloids
Other examples: milk, mayo, stick
deodorant, and whipped cream

How Small Are The

Particles?

Still big enough to scatter light

And so small that they cannot be

separated by filtrationthey are
small enough to pass through a filter.

Show Off
Take out a sheet of paper and answer
this question in a paragraph to turn
in:
What are the 3 differences between
solutions
and
suspensions?
Unlike particles
in a solutions,
particles in a suspension are
large enough to settle out, block light, and be trapped by a
filter. Particles in a solution do none of these.