There is a metabolic enzyme called 6-carboxytetrahydropterin synthase or CPH4 sy

nthase that acts as a catalyst in the following reaction:

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate + H2O
6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + acetaldehyde + triphosphate
Protocadherin-2 (Pcad-2) hat become visible along the nerve fiber in the brain
stem at the 8th week, and spread over the entire brain at the 11th week. At the
18th week, however, expression in the nerve fascicles, which had been visible by
that time, was no longer visible or had decreased. These results suggest that P
cad-2 appears relatively early in the critical stage of development of the fetal
CNS [central nervous system], and is involved in the induction, fasciculation,
and extension of axons.

Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is fetal DNA circulating freely in the maternal blo
od stream. It can be sampled by venipuncture on the mother. Analysis of cffDNA p
rovides a method of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.
Cell free fetal DNA shedding into maternal bloodstream
cffDNA originates from the trophoblasts making up the placenta.[1][2] It is esti
mated that 2-6% of the DNA in the maternal blood is fetal in origin.[3] The feta
l DNA is fragmented and makes its way into the maternal bloodstream via shedding
of the placental microparticles into the maternal bloodstream (figure 1).[4] St
udies have shown that cffDNA can first be observed as early as 7 weeks gestation
, and the amount of cffDNA increases as the pregnancy progresses.[5] cffDNA dimi
nishes quickly after the birth of the baby, so that it is no longer detectable i
n the maternal blood approximately 2 hours after birth