Assignment No:-1

Of
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

Submitted To:- Sumitted by:-

Lect. Kuljeet kaur Name:- Shami
Redg no:-10811543
roll no:- D3803A17
 PART-A

Q1. Identify at least two application areas (discuss their roles also) for
a) Encoder/Decoder
ANS:- Encoder/Decoder:- an encoder is a digital circuit that performs the inverse
operation of decoder . An encoder has 2 power n input lines and n output lines
Application of encoder are as given below:-
1) By using encoder we can produce n number of outputs e.g of an encoder is the octal
to binary encoder.
Decoder:- an decoder is a digital circuit that performs the inverse operation of encoder .
An decoder has n input lines and 2 power n output lines.
Application of Decoder are as given below:-
1) By using Decoder we can produce 2 power n number of outputs example of an
Decoder is the NAND gate decoder in which we can produce 2 to 4 line decoder.
2) Enable inputs are a convienent feature for interconnecting two or more circuits for the
purpose of expanding the digital component into a similar function but with more
inputs and outputs.
(b)Multiplexers/Demultiplexer
ANS:- Multiplexers/Demultiplexer:- A multiplexer is a combinational circuit that
receives binary information from one of 2 power n input data lines and directs into a
single line.
(c) Flip Flops

Q2. Discuss the basic logic behind counters i.e. how will you obtain 1000(8) from 0111(7)? How
will you implement the same? How many flip flops will be complemented in a 10 bit binary
counter to reach the next count after 1001100111?
ANS:-By adding one bit to the 0111(7) we can obtain the 1000(8) or by complementing the
0111(7)
0111 0111 compliments is 1000 i.e 1’s compliment
+ 1
------------------ or
1000
-------------------
Reverse the case is compliments of 1000 is 0111

Q3. What will happen if buffer gate in the clock input of the register is removed? What is the
role of clear and load signals in designing register with parallel load?
Ans:- Buffer gate is mainly used for storage of temporary data whereas flip-flop stores only one
bit either 0 or 1. Clock is common to all flip-flop. If buffer gate in the clock input of the register
is removed then the new input will be entered but it will be produces load on the register and will
become confusing for the register from which input output is produced.

Clear Input goes to a special terminal in each flip-flop. When the input goes to 0 all flip-flops are
reset asynchronously. The clear input is useful for clearing the register’s to all 0’s prior to its
 R2
R1 R1 R2

clocked operation.
Load signals:- the load input in the register determine the action to be taken with each clock
pulse. When the load input is one , the data in the 4 inputs are transferred into the register with
the next positive transition of clock pulse. The load input determines whether the next pulse will
accept new information or leave the information in the register intact.

PART-B

Q4. The content of a four bit register is initially 1101. The register is shifted six times to the right
with the serial input being 101101. What is the content of the register after each shift?

Ans:- 1101
The content of each register is 1110, 0111, 1011, 1101
Q5. Draw the block diagram to implement following register transfer statement

yT2 : R2←R1, R1←R2

Ans:-

Q6. A digital computer has a common bus system for 16 registers of 32 bit each. The bus is
constructed with multiplexers.
a) How many selection inputs are there in each multiplexer?
ANS:- Four selection inputs are there in each multiplexer if it is a 16X1 multiplexer
b) What sizes of multiplexers are needed?
ANS:- 32X1 multiplexer sizes of multiplexers are needed

(c) How many multiplexers are there in the bus?

Ans:- 16 multiplexers are there in the bus.