Data analysis

Quantitative

Preparing Data
Internet data growing
Manipulate in Excel
Import into SPSS

Import

Data headings

Data view

Variable view

Variable characteristics

Verification - Outliers

Descriptive Statistics

Mean
Median
Mode
Variance
Standard deviation
Skewness
Kurtosis

Descriptive statistics

Results verify outliers

Association between variables

Correlation measures degree of association
between each other
Correlation co-efficient between -1 and 1
1 Positive in equal size
0 No association
-1 Negative in equal size
NB! Does not indicate causation

Correlation

Correlation coefficients

Correlation result

Chi-Square
Measures the variance of the sample mean
compared to the expectation of a normally
distributed parent population

Chi-Square test

Chi-Square cont.

Chi-Square cont.

Chi-Square cont.

Chi-Square cont.

T-Test purpose
Determine if averages of 2 variables are
significantly different from each other
1 sample difference between 1 variable and
constant
Independent samples difference between 2
variables that belong to separate groups
Paired samples difference between averages
of the means of 2 groups that are linked in
some way

Compare means

T-Test

T-Test result

ANOVA purpose
Determine if the means of more than 2
variables are the same as the overall mean

Analysis of Variance

ANOVA

ANOVA result

Regression purpose
Predict or explain 1 variable (dependent)
using 1 or more known variables (independent
variable/s)
Simple regression if 1 independent variable is
used

Linear regression

Regression variables

Regression result