Worked Out Solutions Chapter 1 Version2

Chapter 1
Prerequisite Skills (p. 1)
1.1 Exercises (pp. 5 8)
1. The distance around a rectangle is called its
perimeter, and the distance around a circle is called its

circumference.
Skill Practice
1. a. Point Q
2. The number of square units covered by a gure is called
its area.
coplanar. Coplanar points lie in the same plane, but

not necessarily on the same line, so they may not be
collinear.
4. 3 2 11 5 28 5 8
5. 24 1 5 5 1 5 1
@###$ are QW
@###$ and line g.
3. Other names for WQ
6. 28 2 10 5 218 5 18
4. Another name for plane V is plane QST.
7. 5x 5 5(2) 5 10
5. Points R, Q, and S are collinear. Point T is not collinear
8. 20 2 8x 5 20 2 8(2) 5 20 2 16 5 4
with those points.
9. 218 1 3x 5 218 1 3(2) 5 218 1 6 5 212

10. 25x 2 4 1 2x 5 25(2) 2 4 1 2(2)
6. Point W is not coplanar with points R, S, and T.

7. Point W is coplanar with points Q and R because there is
5 210 2 4 1 4 5 210
only one plane through any 3 points not on the same line.
} }
8. Another name for ZY is YZ.
274 5 22z
###$
9. ###$
VY , ###$
VX, ###$
VZ , VW
2137 5 z
12. 8x 1 12 5 60
13. 2y 2 5 1 7y 5 232
8x 5 48
9y 2 5 5 232
x56
9y 5 227
###$
10. ###$
VY and ###$
VZ ; ###$
VX and VW
###$ is WX
###$.
11. Another name for WV
###$ and ###$
12. VW
VZ do have the same endpoints, but points
W and Z are not on the same line, so the rays are not
opposite.
y 5 23
14. 6p 1 11 1 3p 5 27
15. 8m 2 5 5 25 2 2m
9p 1 11 5 27
10m 2 5 5 25
9p 5 218
10m 5 30
p 5 22
m53
13. B; C, D, E, and G are coplanar.

14.
15.
16. 22n 1 18 5 5n 2 24
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifin Company.
d. Line FG
2. Collinear points lie on the same line, so they are also
3. 4 2 6 5 22 5 2
11.
b. Segment MN
c. Ray ST
42 5 7n
65n
Lesson 1.1
1.1 Guided Practice (pp. 35)
1. Other names for @##$
ST are @##$
TS and line m. Point V is not
coplanar with points Q, S, and T.

} }
2. Another name for EF is FE.
3. ###$
HJ and ###$
JH are not the same ray. They have different
endpoints and continue in different directions. ###$

HJ
###$ are the same ray because they have the same
and HG
endpoint and continue in the same direction.
4.
###$ and ED
###$ are opposite rays.
16. A; EC
17. @##$
PR intersects @##$
HR at point R.
@##$.
18. Plane EFG and plane FGS intersect at FG
19. Plane PQS and plane HGS intersect at @##$
RS .
20. P, Q, and F are not collinear, but they are coplanar.
21. P and G are neither collinear nor coplanar.
22. Planes HEF, PEF, and PEH, intersect at point E.
23.
@##$ intersects line k at point M.

5. PQ
6. Plane A intersects plane B at line k.
7. Line k intersects plane A at line k.
###$, CD
###$, AC
###$, ###$
###$,
24. Sample answer: CA
AB, ###$
BA, ###$
BC, ###$
BE, CB
###$; ###$
###$ are opposite rays and ###$
###$
EB, DC
CA and CD
BA and ###$
BE
are opposite rays.
Geometry
Worked-Out Solution Key
ngws-01.indd 1
7/11/06 10:56:42 AM
Chapter 1,
25. J
continued
26. P
b. It is possible to have three planes that intersect in one

R
line. The planes intersect at @##$

AB.
27. y 5 x 2 4; A(5, 1)
28. y 5 x 1 1; A(1, 0)
10524
00111
151
02
A(1, 0) is not on the line.
A(5, 1) is on the line.

29. y 5 3x 1 4; A(7, 1)
30. y 5 4x 1 2; A(1, 6)
1 0 3(7) 1 4
6 0 4(1) 1 2
1 25
656
31. y 5 3x 2 2; A(21, 25)
32. y 5 22x 1 8; A(24, 0)
25 0 3(21) 2 2
0 0 22(24) 1 8
25 5 25
0 16
c. This is not possible because planes intersect at a line,
not a point.
d. It is possible for a third plane to intersect two planes
that do not intersect, if the two planes are parallel and

the other plane intersects those two.
B
33. x 3
0
21
The graph is a ray.

34. x 24
e. This is not possible because the third plane cannot be
23
22
21
The graph is a ray.

35. 27 x 4
28
26
parallel to both of the other intersecting planes, so it

must intersect at least one of them.
Problem Solving
24
22
40. Intersections of several lines

41. Intersection of a line with a plane
The graph is a segment.
42. Planes intersecting with planes
36. x 5 or x 22
43. A four-legged table may rock from side to side because

24
22
The graph is a pair of rays.

37. x 21 or x 5
four points are not necessarily coplanar. A three-legged

table would not rock because three points determine a
unique plane.
44. a. When the tripod is on a level surface, the tips of the
24
22
The graph is a line.

38. x 0
22
legs are coplanar.

b. The tips of the legs are still coplanar because three
points determine a unique plane.

0
21
45. a c.
C
A
The graph is a point.

39. a. Three planes that do not intersect are possible if the
planes are all parallel.
W
F
D
46. a. If there are 5 streets, there must be 10 trafc lights. If
there are 6 streets, there must be 15 trafc lights.

C
B
A
b. Each time a street is added, the number of additional
trafc lights that are needed is equal to the previous

number of streets.
24
Mixed Review
47. 215 2 9 5 224
48. 6 2 10 5 24
49. 225 2 (212) 5 213
50. 13 2 20 5 27
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 2
7/11/06 10:56:51 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
51. 16 2 (24) 5 20
52. 25 2 15 5 220
10. AB 1 BC 5 AC
11. DE 1 EF 5 DF
27 1 BC 5 42
DE 1 50 5 63
BC 5 15
DE 5 13
53. 5 p 22 1 1 5 5 p 21 5 5 p 1 5 5
54. 28 1 7 2 6 5 21 2 6 5 1 2 6 5 25
55. 27 p 8 2 10 5 27 p 22 5 27 p 2 5 214
5657.
12. The Segment Addition Postulate was used incorrectly.
AB 1 BC 5 AC
E(6, 7.5)
9 1 BC 5 14
B(23, 6)
BC 5 5
A(2, 4)
13.
21
C(1, 2)

5
1. 1 } inches
8
AB 5 4 2 0 5 4 and CD 5 6 2 2 5 4, so
} }
AB > CD.
3
2. 1 } inches
8
14.
3. XY 1 YZ 5 XZ
23 1 50 5 73
}
The length of XZ is 73 units.
K(26, 2)
y
2 x
M(26, 24)
4. You cannot use the Segment Addition Postulate to
}
nd the length of WZ given WY 5 30 because Y is not
between W and Z.
J(26, 28)
L(22, 24)
5. VW 1 WX 5 VX
Because JK 5 28 2 2 5 10 and
}
}
LM 5 22 2 (26) 5 4, JK is not congruent to LM.
37 1 WX 5 144
WX 5 107
15.
A(22, 4)
B(4, 1)
A(0, 1)
Lesson 1.2
6.
D(1, 6)
R(2200, 300)
B(3, 4)
C(0, 2)
100
D(0, 22)
Because RS 5 200 2 (2200) 5 400 and

}
TU 5 2200 2 100 5 300, RS is not
}
congruent to TU.
AB and CD are not congruent, because

AB 5 3 2 (22) 5 5 and CD 5 22 2 2 5 4.
16. JK 5 23 2 (26) 5 23 1 6 5 3
Skill Practice
}
1. MN means the line segment MN, and MN means the
distance between M and N.
2. You can nd PN by adding PQ and QN. You can nd
17. JL 5 1 2 (26) 5 1 1 6 5 7
18. JM 5 6 2 (26) 5 6 1 6 5 12
19. KM 5 6 2 (23) 5 6 1 3 5 9
20. Yes, it is possible to show that FB > CB using the
Segment Addition Postulate. FC 1 CB 5 FB, so FB

must be greater than FC and CB individually.
It is not possible to show that AC > DB using the
Segment Addition Postulate because B is not between
A and C.
PN by subtracting MP from MN.

4. 3.2 cm
T(300, 2200)
3. 2.1 cm
U(300, 100)
100
S(200, 300)
5. 3.5 cm
6. MN 1 NP 5 MP
7. RS 1 ST 5 RT
5 1 18 5 MP
22 1 22 5 RT
23 5 MP
44 5 RT
XY 5 YZ 5 WX
22. VW 1 WX 1 XZ 5 VZ
8. UV 1 VW 5 UW
9. XY 1 YZ 5 XZ
XY 1 YZ 5 XZ
VW 1 10 1 20 5 52
39 1 26 5 UW
XY 1 7 5 30
WX 1 WX 5 20
VW 5 22
65 5 UW
XY 5 23
2(WX) 5 20
21.
WX 5 10
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 3
7/11/06 10:56:57 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
23. WY 5 WX 1 XY
5
b. 2003: } 5 0.45 5 45%
11
24. VX 1 XZ 5 VZ
WY 5 10 1 10
VX 1 20 5 52
WY 5 20
The team lost 45% of their games in 2003.
VX 5 32
25. WZ 5 WX 1 XY 1 YZ
2004: }
5 0.42 5 42%
12
26. VY 5 VW 1 WY
WZ 5 10 1 10 1 10 5 30
27. C; EF 1 FG 5 EG
VY 5 22 1 20 5 42
28.
RS 1 ST 5 RT
6 1 x 5 1.6x
2x 1 10 1 x 2 4 5 21
6 5 0.6x
3x 1 6 5 21
2005: }
5 0.38 5 38%
13
c. You apply the Segment Addition Postulate by
3x 5 15
10 5 x
subtracting one color of the stacked bar from the entire

length of the bar, as you would subtract the length of a
short line segment from the length of a longer segment
that contains it.
x55
RS 5 2(5) 1 10 5 20
ST 5 5 2 4 5 1
30.
RS 1 ST 5 RT
RS 1 ST 5 RT
3x 2 16 1 4x 2 8 5 60
2x 2 8 1 3x 2 10 5 17
7x 2 24 5 60
5x 2 18 5 17
7x 5 84
5x 5 35
x 5 12
x57
RS 5 3(12) 2 16 5 20
RS 5 2(7) 2 8 5 6
ST 5 4(12) 2 8 5 40
ST 5 3(7) 2 10 5 11
35. a. A
31 ft
52 ft
b. AC 2 AB 5 BC
31. AC 1 CD 5 12
52 2 31 5 BC
AC 5 CD 5 6
21 5 BC
AB 1 BC 5 6
The climber must descend 21 feet farther to reach the

bottom.
AB 5 BC 5 3
AB 5 3, BC 5 3, AC 5 6, CD 5 6, BD 5 9,
AD 5 12
Because 4 of the 6 segments in the gure are longer
than 3 units, the probability of choosing one of these
4
is }6 or }3 .
Problem Solving
1
32. Abdomen 5 2 } 2 0
4
1
5 2}
4
thorax 5 4 2 2 }4 5 1 }4
1
b.
City B
City C
City D
12.5 mi
15 mi
25 mi
2.5 mi
12.5 mi
City B
12.5 mi
City C
15 mi
2.5 mi
City D
25 mi
12.5 mi
10 mi
10 mi
AB 5 5(BC)
AD 5 2(AB)
y
Its abdomen is 2 }4 2 1 }4 5 }2 inch longer than its thorax.

33. a.
City A
City A
CD 5 10
36.
AB 1 BC 5 AC
10 mi
B C
y 5 5x
y 1 x 1 10 5 2y
1282 1 601 5 1883
x 1 10 5 y
The total distance was 1883 miles.
x 1 10 5 5x
d 5 rt
1883 5 r(38)
49.6 r
The airplanes average speed was about 50 miles per
hour.
34. a. 2003: 11 2 6 5 5
2004: 12 2 7 5 5
10 5 4x
2.5 5 x
y 5 5(2.5) 5 12.5
AC 5 12.5 1 2.5 5 15
AD 5 15 1 10 5 25
29.
BD 5 2.5 1 10 5 12.5
2005: 13 2 8 5 5
The length of the yellow bar represents the number of
losses in that year.
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 4
7/11/06 10:57:01 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
Mixed Review
2. To bisect a segment means to intersect a segment at its
midpoint. You cannot bisect a line because it continues

forever in both directions and, therefore, has no midpoint.
37. 45 1 99 5 144 5 12
}
38. 14 1 36 5 50 5 5 2
39.
5
4. UV 5 VW 5 } in.
8
1
3. RS 5 ST 5 5 } in.
8
42 1 (22)2 5 42 1 4 5 46
41. 13 2 4h 5 3h 2 8
RS 1 ST 5 RT
UV 1 VW 5 UW
22 5 2m
13 5 7h 2 8
} 1 } 5 UW
21 5 m
21 5 7h
1
1
5 }8 1 5 }8 5 RT
40. 4m 1 5 5 7 1 6m
RT 5 10 }4 in.
35h
42. 17 1 3x 5 18x 2 28
5
8
5
8
UW 5 1}4 in.
5. EF 5 FG 5 13 cm
45 5 15x
EF 1 FG 5 EG
35x
43. True
44. True
13 1 13 5 EG
45. False
EG 5 26 cm
Lesson 1.3
####$ is a segment bisector of }
1. MN
PQ.
7
PQ 5 2 1 1 }8 2 5 3 }4
1
6. AB 5 BC 5 }(AC)
2
1
1
8. LM 5 MN 5 } (LN)
2
RQ 5 }2 1 4}4 2 5 2 }8 in.
10. UV 5 2(UT)
7x 2 7 5 11
1 2
18
x5}
7
55x
5 5 1 5 5 10
41
12.
82
PQ 5 2 1 }
5}
7
72
41
7x 5 8x 2 6
2x 5 26
41x
4. } 5 21
2
4 1 x 5 22
4 1 y 5 24
x 5 26
y 5 28
The coordinates of endpoint V are (26, 28).

5. It does not matter which ordered pair you substitute for
(x1, y1) or which you substitute for (x2, y2) because the
distance between the two points is the same no matter
which you start with.
(x2 2 x1)
2x 1 7 5 5
2x 5 22
EM 5 7x 5 7(6) 5 42
41y
} 5 22
2
}}
13. 6x 1 7 5 4x 1 5
x56
117 218
3. M }, } 5 (4, 5)
2
2
6. B; AB 5
AM 5 x 1 5
275}
5 1}
7
72
18
11. x 1 5 5 2x
7
3
UV 5 2 2 }8 5 5}4 m
7x 5 18
1
9. RQ 5 } (PQ)
2
LM 5 }2 (137) 5 68 }2 mm
5x 2 7 5 11 2 2x
QR 5 }
9 } 5 4 }4 in.
21 22
BC 5 }2 (19) 5 9 }2 cm
2. Line l is a segment bisector of PQ.
1
7. PQ 5 QR 5 }(PR)
2
1 ( y2 2 y2)
}}}
5 (1 2 (23))2 1 (24 2 2)2

}
5 16 1 36
x 5 21
JM 5 6x 1 7
5 6(21) 1 7 5 1
14. 6x 2 11 5 10x 2 51
211 5 4x 2 51
40 5 4x
10 5 x
PR 5 6x 2 11 1 10x 2 51
5 6(10) 2 11 1 10(10) 2 51
5 60 2 11 1 100 2 51 5 98
15. x 1 15 5 4x 2 45
60 5 3x
20 5 x
5 52 7.2
}
The approximate length of AB is 7.2 units.
SU 5 x 1 15 1 4x 2 45
5 20 1 15 1 4(20) 2 45 5 70

Skill Practice
}
1. To nd the length of AB, with endpoints A(27, 5) and
B(4, 26), you can use the distance formula.
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 5
7/11/06 10:57:03 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
16. 2x 1 35 5 5x 2 22
28. R(27, 11), M(2, 1)
35 5 3x 2 22
57 5 3x
19 5 x
27 1 x
2
}51
27 1 x 5 4
11 1 y 5 2
x 5 11
XZ 5 2x 1 35 1 5x 2 22
5 2(19) 1 35 1 5(19) 2 22 5 146
29. R(4, 26), M(27, 8)
317 515
17. M }, } 5 M (5, 5)
2
2
014 413
18. M }, } 5 M (2, 3.5)
2
2
24 1 6 4 1 4
19. M }, } 5 M (1, 4)
2
2
27 1 (23) 25 1 7
20. M }, } 5 M (25, 1)
2
2
28 1 11 27 1 5
21. M }, } 5 M (1.5, 21)
2
2
23 1 (28) 3 1 6
22. M }, } 5 M (25.5, 4.5)
2
2
23. Substitute the given numbers and variables into the
midpoint formula.
x 1x y 1y
1
2 1
2
M }
,}
2
2
26 1 y
2
} 5 27
41x
2
}58
4 1 x 5 214
26 1 y 5 16
x 5 218
y 5 22
The other endpoint is S (218, 22).

30. R(24, 26), M(3, 24)
26 1 y
2
}53
24 1 x
2
} 5 24
24 1 x 5 6
26 1 y 5 28
x 5 10
y 5 22
The other endpoint is S(10, 22).

31. PQ 5
}}
(x2 2 x1)2 1 ( y2 2 y1)2

}}
5 (5 2 1)2 1 (4 2 2)2
}
5 16 1 4 5 20 4.5 units
,}
M 1}
2
2 2
01m 01n
32. QR 5
Simplify the expression.
}}
(x2 2 x1)2 1 ( y2 2 y1)2
}}
5 (2 2 (23))2 1 (3 2 5)2
m n
M 1}
,}
2 22
5 25 1 4 5 29 5.4 units
24. When calculating the averages of the x-coordinates and
of the y-coordinates, x1 and x2 and y1 and y2 should have

been added, not subtracted.
y 5 29
8 1 2 3 1 (21)
}, } 5 (5, 1)
2
2
33. ST 5
(x2 2 x1)2 1 ( y2 2 y1)2
}}
5 (3 2 (21))2 1 (22 2 2)2

}
31x
2
x 5 23
34. D; MN 5
}}
(x2 2 x1)2 1 ( y2 2 y1)2
}}}
5 (4 2 (23))2 1 (8 2 (29))2
}
01y
2
y 5 10
26. B(5, 1), M(1, 4)
11y
2
51x
2
}54
51x52
11y58
y57
The other endpoint is S(23, 7).

27. R(6, 22), M(5, 3)
22 1 y
2
}55
61x
2
}53
6 1 x 5 10
22 1 y 5 6
35. The length of the segment is
3 2 (24) 5 7 5 7 units.
x1 1 x2
24 1 3
x1 1 x2
26 1 2
The midpoint has the coordinate }

5}
5 2}2 .
2
2
}51
x54
5 49 1 289 5 338 18.4 units.
}55
x 5 23
5 16 1 16 5 32 5.7 units
25. B(3, 0), M(0, 5)

}50
}}
y58
2 2 (26) 5 8 5 8 units.
5}
5 22.
2
2
25 2 (215) 5 40 5 40 units.
x1 1 x2
215 1 25

5}
5 5.
2
2
11 1 y
2
}52
25 2 (220) 5 15 5 15 units.
The midpoint has the coordinate
x1 1 x2
220 1 (25)
2
} 5 } 5 212.5.
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 6
7/11/06 10:57:06 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
39. The length of the segment is 1 2 (28) 5 9 units.

x1 1 x2
28 1 1
2
41. B; LF 5 (3 2 (22)) 1 (1 2 2)
2
5 25 1 1 5 26 5.10
}}}
JR 5 (2 2 1)2 1 (23 2 (21))2

}
5 1 1 4 5 5 2.24
The approximate difference in lengths is
5.10 2 2.24 5 2.86.
42. Substitute the coordinates of point P and of the midpoint
into the distance formula to nd the length of the

segment from P to M.
}}
PM 5 (x2 2 x1)2 1 ( y2 2 y1)2
}}
5 (1 2 (22))2 1 (0 2 4)2
}
}}
43. AB 5 (23 2 0) 1 (8 2 2)
CD 5 (0 2 (22))2 1 (24 2 2)2

}
5 4 1 36 5 40 6.32
2
5 16 1 9 5 25 5 5
}}
AB 5 (4 2 1)2 1 (2 2 1)2
}
5 9 1 1 5 10 3.2 m
BC 5 (2 2 4)2 1 (6 2 2)2
}
5 4 1 16 5 20 4.5 m
}}
5 16 1 25 5 41 6.40
5 16 1 9 5 25 5 5 m
e. B(4, 2), D(5, 4)
}}
45. JK 5 (4 2 (24))2 1 (8 2 0)2
}}
5 64 1 64 5 128 11.31
}}}
LM 5 (3 2 (24))2 1 (27 2 2)2

}
5 49 1 81 5 130 11.40
The segments are not congruent.
}
46. SP 5 PT, so P is the midpoint of ST.
BD 5 (5 2 4)2 1 (4 2 2)2
}
5 1 1 4 5 5 2.2 m
f. A(1, 1), C(2, 6)
}}
AC 5 (2 2 1)2 1 (6 2 1)2
}
5 1 1 25 5 26 5.1 m
51. The objects at B and D are closest together. The objects
S P T
1
2.85 km
5.7 km
AD 5 (5 2 1)2 1 (4 2 1)2
School
d. A(1, 1), D(5, 4)
}}
Library
GH 5 (1 2 (23))2 1 (6 2 1)2
21
49. House
5 9 1 4 5 13 3.6 m
}}
44. EF 5 (5 2 1) 1 (1 2 4)
QR 5 2(QM) 5 21 18 }2 2 5 37 feet
CD 5 (5 2 2)2 1 (4 2 6)2
}}
1
48. MR 5 QM 5 18 } feet
2
c. C(2, 6), D(5, 4)

}
Problem Solving
}}
}}}
b. B(4, 2), C(2, 6)
5 9 1 36 5 45 6.71
}
12
50. a. A(1, 1), B(4, 2)
5 9 1 16 5 25 5 5
JM 5 MK 5 }8 5 }
5 1}2
8
The library is 2.85 kilometers from the house.
If the distance from point P to the midpoint is 5 units,

}
then the length of PQ is twice that, or 2(5) 5 10 units.
}
x 5 3x 2 24
x 5 12
}}
3x
22x 5 224
27 1 (22)
2
} 5 } 5 24.5.
2 62 4
4 1 }4 2 5 1 }
4
x
40. The length of the segment is 22 2 (27) 5 5 units.
x1 1 x2
3x
2 1 }8 2 5 }
26
4
} 5 } 5 23.5.
47. 2(JM) 5 JK
at A and C are farthest apart.
SP 5 PT
x20512x
2x 5 1
1
x 5 }2
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 7
7/11/06 10:57:10 AM
continued
}}
52. AB 5 (18 2 8)2 1 (7 2 4)2

}
Mixed Review
55. 56 1 16 5 72
5 100 1 9 5 109 10.4
72% of the students belong to families with 2 or more

children.
Player A threw the ball about 10.4 meters.

}}
BC 5 (24 2 18) 1 (14 2 7)

2
56. 25(0.56) 5 14
5 36 1 49 5 85 9.2
14 students belong to families with two children.
Player B threw the ball about 9.2 meters.
57. 3x 1 12 1 x 5 20
}}
AC 5 (24 2 8)2 1 (14 2 4)2

}
58. 9x 1 2x 1 6 2 x 5 10
4x 5 8
5 256 1 100 5 356 18.9
10x 1 6 5 10
x52
10x 5 4
Player A would have thrown the ball about 18.9 meters to

player C.
53. a. P(10, 50), Q(10, 10), R(80, 10)
x 5 }5
59. 5x 2 22 2 7x 1 2 5 40
}}}
22x 2 20 5 40
}}}
22x 5 60
}}}
PQ 5 (10 2 10) 1 (10 2 50) 5 1600 5 40

2
QR 5 (80 2 10)2 1 (10 2 10)2 5 4900 5 70

RP 5 (80 2 10)2 1 (10 2 50)2 5 6500 80.62
40 1 70 1 81 5 191
The distance around the park is about 191 yards.
x1 1 x2 y 1 y
1
2
b. M }
2 ,}
2
x 5 230
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
,}
M 1}
2
2
2
10 1 80 50 1 10
###$
###$, ###$
BA, BC
BE
###$, CE
###$, CB
###$, ###$
###$, DC
###$, EC
###$
###$
BE, BC
EB, CD
###$
###$
CB, and CE
@##$
@##$ intersect at point B.
AB and BC
@##$
BC intersects plane P at @##$
AB.
Quiz 1.11.3 (p. 22)
M (45, 30)
}}}
QM 5 (45 2 10)2 1 (30 2 10)2

}
1. Sample answer:
5 1225 1 400 5 1625 40.3

QM is about 40 yards.
c. It takes him about 1.5 minutes.
PQ 5 40, QM 5 40, MR 5 }2 (80) 5 40, RQ 5 70

40 1 40 1 40 1 70 1 40 5 230
Divide the total distance, about 230 yards, by 150
yards per minute.
54.
2. DE 5 AE 2 AD
DE 5 26 2 15 5 11
15
AD
3. AB 5 } 5 } 5 5
3
3
4. AC 5 2AB 5 2(5) 5 10
5. BD 5 AC 5 10
6. CE 5 CD 1 DE 5 5 1 11 5 16
AB 5 2AM
1
CM 5 }2 CD
AB 5 4 p CM
M 1}
,}
5 M (0, 1)
2
2 2
22 1 2 21 1 3
2AM 5 4 } CD
The coordinates of the midpoint are (0, 1). The distance

between R and S is about 5.7 units.
2AM 5 2CD
RS 5 (x2 2 x1)2 1 ( y2 2 y1) 2
1 2
1
2
AM 5 CD
AM and CD are equal.
7. BE 5 BD 1 DE 5 10 1 11 5 21
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
8. M }, }
2
2
}}
}}}
5 (2 2 (22))2 1 (3 2 (21))2
}
5 16 1 16 5.66 units
Chapter 1,
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 8
7/11/06 10:57:14 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
Mixed Review of Problem Solving (p. 23)
6. Sample answer:
1. a. B(1, 7), C (7, 7), D (10, 7), E (10, 3)

}}
}}
B(6, 2)
D(0, 0)
C(6, 0) x
DE 5 (10 2 10) 1 (3 2 7) 5 16 5 4
2
A(0, 2)
BD 5 (10 2 1) 1 (7 2 7) 5 81 5 9
2
21
9 1 4 5 13
You travel 13 miles using existing roads.
}}
b. BC 5 (7 2 1) 1 (7 2 7) 5 36 5 6
2
}}
Perimeter 5 AB 1 BC 1 CD 1 AD
}}
}}
}}
}}
AB 5 (6 2 0)2 1 (2 2 2)2 5 36 5 6
CE 5 (10 2 7)2 1 (3 2 7)2 5 9 1 16 5 5
BC 5 (6 2 6)2 1 (2 2 0)2 5 4 5 2
6 1 5 5 11
CD 5 (6 2 0)2 1 (0 2 0)2 5 36 5 6
You travel 11 miles using the new road.
AD 5 (0 2 0)2 1 (2 2 0)2 5 4 5 2
c. 13 2 11 5 2
Perimeter 5 6 1 2 1 6 1 2 5 16
The trip is 2 miles shorter.
E(0, 7)
2. 23x 1 5 5 25x 2 4
F(1, 7)
5 5 2x 2 4
H(0, 0)
9 5 2x
4.5 5 x
PQ 5 23(4.5) 1 5 1 25(4.5) 2 4
Perimeter 5 EF 1 FG 1 GM 1 EH
5 103.5 1 5 1 112.5 2 4 5 217
}}
}}
}}
}}
EF 5 (1 2 0)2 1 (7 2 7)2 5 1 5 1
5 217
FG 5 (1 2 1)2 1 (7 2 0)2 5 49 5 7
3. d 5 rt
GH 5 (1 2 0)2 1 (0 2 0)2 5 1 5 1
r 5 2.4 km/h
t 5 45 min 5 0.75 h
EH 5 (0 2 0)2 1 (7 2 0)2 5 49 5 7
d 5 2.4(0.75) 5 1.8
Perimeter 5 1 1 7 1 1 1 7 5 16
7. The plane that contains B, F, and C can be called plane
5.4 2 1.8 5 3.6

G(1, 0)
22
You need to hike 3.6 kilometers to reach the end of the

trail.
4. FH 5 2.8 m 5 280 cm
BFG, plane FGC, plane GCB, or plane CBF. Plane ABC

}
intersects plane BFE at AB.
8. a. AB 5 18.7 km
BC 5 2AB 5 2(18.7) 5 37.4 km
280
2
} 5 140
AC 5 AB 1 BC 5 18.7 1 37.4 5 56.1 km

}
AB 1 BC 1 CA 5 18.7 1 37.4 1 56.1 5 112.2 km
The midpoint of FH is 140 cm from F. EG intersects

}
FM 143 cm from F, so it is not a bisector.
5. Using the midpoint formula.
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
M }
,}
2
2
24 1 6 5 1 (25)
,}
M }
2
2
d 5 rt
112.2 5 70t
1.6 5 t
She spends about 1.6 hours driving.

c. No. Sample answer: If she spends 2.5 hours in each
M (1, 0)
These are the coordinates of point E (1, 0).
To nd point D, substitute the coordinates of point C into
the midpoint formula, and set each coordinate equal to
the corresponding coordinate from the midpoint E.
}51
21x
2
81y
}50
2
21x52
81y50
x50
Jill travels 112.2 kilometers.

b.
y 5 28
(0, 28) are the coordinates for point D.
town. 2.5(3) 5 7.5 hours spent in towns. The time

spent in the three towns plus the total driving time is
7.5 1 1.6 5 9.1 hours.
Lesson 1.4
1. PQR
RQS
PQS
PQS is a right angle.
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 9
7/11/06 10:57:19 AM
Chapter 1,
2.
continued
3. ABC, CBA, B
###$ are the sides.

B is the vertex, and ###$
BA and BC
The rays form a straight angle.
4. NQT, TQN, Q
3. mKLN 1 mNLM 5 1808
###$ are the sides.

Q is the vertex, and ###$
QN and QT
10x 2 5 1 4x 1 3 5 180
5. MTP, PTM, T
14x 2 2 5 180
###$ and ###$

T is the vertex, and TM
TP are the sides.
14x 5 182
6. QRS, TRS, QRT
x 5 13
7. Straight
10(13) 2 5 5 125
8. Acute
9. Right
10. Obtuse
1114.
mKLN 5 1258
14(13) 1 3 5 55
mNLM 5 558
K
4. mEFM 1 mHFG 5 908
2x 1 2 1 x 1 1 5 90
11. mJFL 5 908, Right
3x 1 3 5 90
12. mGFM 5 608, Acute
3x 5 87
13. mGFK 5 1358, Obtuse
x 5 29
14. mGFL 5 1808, Straight
mEFM 5 2(29) 1 2 5 608
15. Another name for ACB is BCA. The angle is a right
mMFG 5 29 1 1 5 308
angle because it is labeled with a red square.
5. QPT > QRS
16. Another name for ABC is CBA. The angle is an acute
PTS > RST
angle because its measure is less than 908.
6. If mQRS 5 848 and QRS > QPT, then
mQPT 5 848. If mTSR 5 1218 and TSR > STP,

then mSTP 5 1218.
7.
17. Another name for BFD is DFB. The angle is a
straight angle because its measure is 1808

18. Another name for AEC is CEA. The angle is an
obtuse angle because its measure is between 908 and

1808.
acute angle because its measure is less than 908.
M
20. Another name for BEC is CEB. The angle is an acute
angle because its measure is less than 908.
mMNQ 5 908
21. B; mACD is between 908 and 1808.
mPNQ 5 908
22. mQST 5 mQSR 1 mRST 5 528 1 478 5 998
1.4 Exercises (pp. 2832)
23. mADC 5 mADB 1 mCDB 5 218 1 448 5 658
Skill Practice
24. mNPM 5 mLPM 2 mLPN 5 1808 2 798 5 1018

25. x 1 5 1 3x 2 5 5 80
1. Answers may vary. Sample answers:
4x 5 80
x 5 20
mYXZ 5 3(20) 2 5 5 558

B
26. 6x 2 15 1 x 1 8 5 168
E
L
7x 2 7 5 168
F
M
7x 5 175
x 5 25
mFJG 5 6(25) 2 15 5 1358
27. A; 2x 1 6 1 80 5 140
2x 5 54
J
19. Another name for BDC is CDB. The angle is an
x 5 27
2. The measure of PQR is equal to the absolute value of
###$ and
the difference between the degree measures of QP
###$.
QR
10
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 10
7/11/06 10:57:25 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
28. AED > ADE > BDC > BCD > DAB >
44.
The angle is acute.
ABD; EAD > DBC > ADB
m BDC 5 348
m ADB 5 1128
29. m ZWY 5 m XWY 5 528
m XWY 5 2(52) 5 1048

1
30. m ZWX 5 }m XWY 5 688
2
m XWY 5 2(68) 5 1368
22
Sample answer: point (2, 1) lies on the interior of

the angle.
45.
ABC is acute.
1
31. m ZWY 5 } XWY 5 35.58
2
m XWZ 5 718 2 35.58 5 35.58

32.
22
Sample answer: point (22, 2) lies in the interior of

the angle.
308
46.
m JKL is twice the measure of JKM, not half of it.

m JKL 5 608
21
33. a8 5 180 2 142 5 388
34. b8 > a8 5 388
Sample answer: point (21, 21) lies in the interior of the

angle.
35. c8 5 1428
36. d 8 5 180 2 53 2 90 5 378
ABC is obtuse.
47.
ABC is obtuse.
37. e8 5 538
38. f 8 > d > 378
39. For a ray to bisect AGC, the endpoint of the ray must
be at point G.
A
Sample answer: Point (2, 21) lies in the interior of

the angle.
48.
40.
0 1 12 < 2x < 90 1 12
12 < 2x < 112
4x 2 2 5 3x 1 18
x 5 20
mABC 5 4(20) 2 2 1 3(20) 1 18 5 1568
68 < x < 518

49. 688
Sample answer: Since mVSP 5 178, mRSP 5 348.
41. 2x 1 20 5 4x
Since mRSP 5 348, mRSQ 5 688, which is equal to

mTSQ.
20 5 2x
10 5 x
mABC 5 2(10) 1 20 1 4(10) 5 808
42.
0 < (2x 2 12)8 < 908
x
2
} 1 17 5 x 2 33
x 1 34 5 2x 2 66
100 5 x
100
mABC 5 }
1 17 1 100 2 33 5 1348
2
###$ lines up with the 758 mark. The new mark for QR
###$ is
43. QP
58 less than before. The difference between the marks
###$ and QP
###$ line up with on the protractor must
that QR
remain the same.
mAEB 5 }2 p mCED
50.
1
2
} p mCED 1 90 1 mCED 5 180
1}2 p mCED 1 90 5 180

1
1}2 p mCED 5 90
mCED 5 608
1
mAEB 5 }2 (60) 5 308
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 11
11
7/11/06 10:57:30 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
Problem Solving
63. Sample answer: In your drawer you have 4 pairs of
brown socks, 4 pairs of black socks, 4 pairs of gray

socks, 6 pairs of white socks, and 6 pairs of blue socks.
51. mLMP 5 mLMN 2 mPMN
mLMP 5 79 2 47
The brown, black and gray socks each represent }6, and
mLMP 5 328
52.
tree
S
ney
Syd
the white and blue socks each represent }4.
Malcolm Way
87
Mixed Review
k
Par
162
d
Roa
64. Let x 5 cost of your friends meal and x 1 4 5 cost of
your meal.
x 1 (x 1 4) 5 25
1628 2 878 5 758
2x 5 21
Malcom Way intersects Park Road at an angle of 758.
x 5 10.5
53. a. mDEF 5 mABC 5 1128
x 1 4 5 14.5
###$ bisects ABC, mABG 5 }12 p mABC

b. Because BG
1
Your meal costs $14.50. The cost of your friends meal is

$14.50 2 $4 5 $10.50.
65. x 28
5 }2 (1128) 5 568.
###$ bisects ABC, mCBG 5 }12 p mABC

c. Because BG
1
29
27
25
21
The graph is a ray.

66. x 6
5 }2 (1128) 5 568.
###$ bisects DEF, mDEG 5 }12 p mDEF

d. Because BG
1
5 }2 (1128) 5 568.
22
The graph is a ray.

67. 23 x 5
54. Because DGF is a straight angle, mDGF 5 1808.
mDGE 5 908
24
22
55. Sample answer: Acute: ABG, Obtuse: ABC,
Right: FGE, Straight: DGF
68. x 27 and x 21
28
56. about 1588
57. about 1408
58. about 1678
59. about 628
60. about 398
61. about 1078
26
24
AFC and CFE are right.

b. AFB > DFE, AFC > CFE, BFC > DFC
c. mAFB > mDFE 5 268
mBFC 5 908 2 mAFD 5 908 2 268 5 648

mBFC > mCFD 5 648
mAFC 5 908
mAFD 5 908 1 mCFD 5 908 1 648 5 1548
mBFD 5 mBFC 1 mCFO 5 648 1 648 5 1288
DFE > AFB, so they both have an angle
measure of 268.
BFC and AFB form a 908 angle so their
measurements add up to 908, making mBFC 5 648.
CFD > BFC, so it also has an angle measurement
of 648. AFC is a right angle, so mAFC 5 908.
mAFD 5 mAFC 1 mCFD 5 908 1 648 5 1548,
mBFD 5 mBFC 1 mCFD 5 648 1 648 5 1288.

69. x 22 or x 4
62. a. AFB, BFC, CFD, DFE are acute.
AFD, BFD, BFE are obtuse.
22
24
22

70. x 0
x 5 all real numbers

23
22
21

26 1 (21)
71. M 5 } 5 23.5
2
215 1 45
72. M 5 } 5 15
2
220 1 (24)
73. M 5 } 5 212
2
Investigating Geometry 1.4 (p. 34)
mFGE 5 908
12
23
1. Sample answer: Draw a segment more than twice as long
as the given segment. Set your compass to the length of

the given segment. Using your compass, mark off two
adjacent line segments on the line segment you drew.
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 12
7/11/06 10:57:37 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
2. Sample answer:
Step 1
5.
mLMN 1 mPQR 5 908

(4x 2 2)8 1 (9x 1 1)8 5 908
Step 1
13x 2 1 5 90
13x 5 91
x57
A
mLMN 5 4(7) 2 2 5 268

mPQR 5 9(7) 1 1 5 648
Step 2
D
6. No, adjacent angles have their noncommon sides as
opposite rays.
Step 2
Angles 1 and 4, 2 and 5, 3 and 6 are vertical angles

because each pair of sides form two pairs of opposite
rays.
7. Let x8 be the measure of the angles complement.
2x8 1 x8 5 908
Step 3
3x 5 90
F
D
x 5 30
Step 3
One angle measures 308 and the other angle measures

2(308) 5 608.
1.5 Exercises (pp. 3841)
Step 4
A
Skill Practice
1. Sample answer:
A
E
Step 4
No, two angles could have angle measures that add up to

908 without sharing a common vertex and side.
F
D
2. All linear pairs are supplementary angles because their
noncommon sides are opposite rays which form a straight

angle. All supplementary angles are not linear pairs. Two
angles can have angle measurements that add up to 1808
without their noncommon sides being opposite rays.
Lesson 1.5
1. Because 418 1 498 5 908, FGK and GKL are
complementary.
Because 1318 1 498 5 1808, HGK and GKL are
supplementary.
Because FGK and HGK share a common vertex and
side, they are adjacent.
2. No, they do not share a common vertex.
No, they do have common interior points.

3. m1 1 m2 5 908
m1 1 88 5 908
m1 5 828
4. m3 1 m4 5 808
1178 1 m4 5 1808
m4 5 638
3. ABD and DBC are adjacent.

4. WXY and XYZ are not adjacent.
5. LQM and NQM are adjacent.
6. Because 608 1 308 5 908, STR and VWU are
complementary.
Because 1508 1 308 5 1808 QTS and VWU, are
supplementary.
7. GLH and HLJ are complementary because
their measures add up to 908. GLJ and JLK are

supplementary because their measures add up to 1808.
8. m1 1 m2 5 908
9. m1 1 m2 5 908
438 1 m2 5 908
218 1 m2 5 908
m2 5 478
m2 5 698
10. m1 1 m2 5 908
898 1 m2 5 908
m2 5 18
11. m1 1 m2 5 908
58 1 m2 5 908
m2 5 858
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 13
13
7/11/06 10:57:41 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
12. m1 1 m2 5 1808
13. m1 1 m2 5 1808
608 1 m2 5 1808
30. C; x8 1 (x 1 24)8 5 908
1558 1 m2 5 1808
m2 5 1208
2x 5 66
m2 5 258
x 5 33
14. m1 1 m2 5 1808
15. m1 1 m2 5 1808
33 1 24 5 57
1308 1 m2 5 1808
278 1 m2 5 1808
m2 5 508
31. 7x8 1 (9x 1 20)8 5 1808
m2 5 1538
16x 5 160
16. B; 908 2 378 5 538
x 5 10
mDEG 1 mGEF 5 1808
7x8 5 2y8
(18x 2 9)8 1 (4x 1 13)8 5 1808
7(10) 5 2y
22x 1 4 5 180
70 5 2y
22x 5 176
x58
18.
35 5 y
32. 3x8 1 (8x 1 26)8 5 1808
mDEG 5 18(8) 2 9 5 1358
11x 5 154
mGEF 5 4(8) 1 13 5 458
x 5 14
mDEG 1 mGEF 5 1808
(5y 1 38)8 5 (8x 1 26)8
(7x 2 3)8 1 (12x 2 7)8 5 1808
5y 1 38 5 8(14) 1 26
19x 2 10 5 180
5y 1 38 5 138
19x 5 190
5y 5 100
x 5 10
mDEF 5 7(10) 2 3 5 678
y 5 20
33.
mGEF 5 12(10) 2 7 5 1138
3y 1 30 5 4x 2 100
19. mDEG 1 mGEF 5 908
2y 2 5 5 x
6x8 1 4x8 5 908
3y 1 30 5 4(2y 2 5) 2 100
10x 5 90
3y 1 30 5 8y 2 20 2 100
x59
3y 1 30 5 8y 2 120
mDEG 5 6(9) 5 548
150 5 5y
mGEF 5 4(9) 5 368

20. 1 and 4 are vertical angles.
30 5 y
2(30) 2 5 5 x
21. 1 and 2 are a linear pair.

22. 3 and 5 are neither.
55 5 x
34. Never; the measure of an obtuse angle is greater than
908, so its angle measurement cannot be added to the

measurement of another angle to equal 908.
23. 2 and 3 are vertical angles.

24. 7, 8, and 9 are neither.
25. 5 and 6 are a linear pair.
35. Never; the measure of a straight angle is 1808, so its
measurement cannot be added to the measurement of

another angle to equal 908.

36. Sometimes; an angle that measures less than 1808 has a
supplement.
28. Use the fact that angles in a linear pair are supplementary
angles.
2y8 5 (x 1 5)8
37. Always; for the measurements of two angles to add up to
908, they must be be acute.
x8 1 4x8 5 1808
5x 5 180
38. Always; An acute angle measures less than 908 so its
supplement must measure between 908 and 1808 for the

two to add up to 1808.
x 5 36
4(36) 5 144
One angle is 368, and the other angle is 1448.
29. The angles are complementary so the sum of their
measures equals 908.

x8 1 3x8 5 908
4x 5 90
x 5 22.5
39.
mA 1 mB 5 908
(3x 1 2)8 1 (x 2 4)8 5 908
4x 2 2 5 90
17.
4x 5 92
x 5 23
mA 5 3(23) 1 2 5 718
mB 5 23 2 4 5 198
14
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 14
7/11/06 10:57:43 AM
Chapter 1,
40.
continued
mA 1 mB 5 908
(15x 1 3)8 1 (5x 2 13)8 5 908
20x 2 10 5 90
20x 5 100
x55
mA 5 15(5) 1 3 5 788
mB 5 5(5) 2 13 5 128
41.
mA 1 mB 5 908
(11x 1 24)8 1 (x 1 18)8 5 908
12x 1 42 5 90
47. The angles are neither complementary nor supplementary
because the sum of their measures is greater than 1808.

48. The angles are supplementary because the sum of their
measure is 1808.
49. Sample answer: FGA and AGC are supplementary.
50. Sample answer: AGB and EGD are vertical angles.
51. Sample answer: FGE and EGC are a linear pair.
52. Sample answer: CGD and DGE are adjacent angles.
53. Sample answer: Because FGB and BGC are
supplementary angles, mBGC 5 1808 2 mFGB

mBGC 5 1808 2 1208
12x 5 48
x54
mA 5 11(4) 1 24 5 688
mB 5 4 1 18 5 228
42.
mA 1 mB 5 1808
mBGC 5 608.
54. As the sun rises, the shadow becomes shorter and the
angle increases.
55. a. y1 5 90 2 x
Domain: 0 < x < 90
(8x 1 100)8 1 (2x 1 50)8 5 1808
y2 5 180 2 x
10x 1 150 5 180
Domain: 0 < x < 180
10x 5 30
The measure of a complement must be less than 908

and the measure of its supplement must be less than
1808.
x53
mA 5 8(3) 1 100 5 1248
mB 5 2(3) 1 50 5 568
43.
160
(2x 2 20)8 1 (3x 1 5)8 5 1808
120
5x 5 195
mA 1 mB 5 1808
5x 2 15 5 180
x 5 39
mA 5 2(39) 2 20 5 588
mB 5 3(39) 1 5 5 1228
44.
b.
mA 1 mB 5 1808
(6x 1 72)8 1 (2x 1 28)8 5 1808
8x 1 100 5 180
8x 5 80
x 5 10
y2 5 180 2 x
y1 5 90 2 x
80
40
0
40
80
120
160
Range of y1: 0 < y < 90

Range of y2: 0 < y < 180
56. Let x8 be the measure of one angle and let y8 be the
measure of the other angle.

x8 1 y8 5 908
x8 1 y8 5 x8 2 y8 1 868
mA 5 6(10) 1 72 5 1328
x 5 90 2 y
mB 5 2(10) 1 28 5 488
90 2 y 1 y 5 90 2 y 2 y 1 86
45. Given GHJ is a complement of RST;
mGMJ 1 mRST 5 908

x8 1 mRST 5 908
mRST 5 908 2 x8
Given RST is a supplement of ABC
mRST 1 mABC 5 1808,
so 908 2 x8 1 mABC 5 1808
90 5 176 2 2y
286 5 22y
43 5 y
x 1 43 5 90
x 5 47
One angle measures 438 and the other angle measures 478.
mABC 5 908 1 x8
Problem Solving
46. The angles are complementary because the sum of their
measures is 908.
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 15
15
7/11/06 10:57:47 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
Mixed Review
2.
57. y 5 5 2 x
x
y
22 21
7
1 2
4 3
4x 5 52
y552x
x 5 13
mABD 5 10(13) 2 42 5 888
mDBC 5 6(13) 1 10 5 888
x
1
58. y 5 3x
x
y
3.
1 2
26 23
3 6
mABD 5 mDBC
(18x 1 27)8 5 (9x 1 36)8
22 21
mABD 5 mDBC
(10x 2 42)8 5 (6x 1 10)8
9x 5 9
x51
y 5 3x
mABD 5 18(1) 1 27 5 458
mDBC 5 9(1) 1 36 5 458

4. a. 908 2 478 5 438
The measure of the complement of 1 is 438.

2
59. y 5 x 2 1
22 21
3
The measure of the supplement of 1 is 1338
1 2
5. a. 908 2 198 5 718
21 0 3
y 5 x2 2 1
b. 1808 2 198 5 1618
The measure of the supplement of 1 is 1618.

6. a. 908 2 758 5 158
60. y 5 22x2
22 21
28 22
22
28
b. 1808 2 758 5 1058

7. a. 908 2 28 5 888
b. 1808 2 28 5 1788.
y 5 22x 2
Lesson 1.6
}
61. LH > LK
1. Sample answers:
HJ > KJ
Convex heptagon
Concave heptagon
HLK > HJK

LHJ > LKJ
} } }
62. FE > EG > FG
EFG > FEG > EGF

} } } }
63. AB > BC > CD > DA
A > B > C > D
Quiz 1.41.5 (p. 41)
1. mABD 5 mDBC
(x 1 20)8 5 (3x 2 4)8

24 5 2x
2. Quadrilateral; each of the sides is 2 meters long and all
the angles are right angles.

3.
8y8 5 (9y 2 15)8

2y 5 215
y 5 15
8(15) 5 120
9(15) 2 15 5 120
Each angle measures 1208.
b. 1808 2 478 5 1338
12 5 x
mABD 5 12 1 20 5 328
mDBC 5 3(12) 2 4 5 328
16
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 16
7/11/06 10:57:53 AM
Chapter 1,
continued

Skill Practice
1. The term n-gon is used to name a polygon, where n is the
number of sides of the polygon.

2. Yes, the string will lie on the sides of the figure so it will
match the distance around the polygon.

No, because the string cannot lie on the concave sides,
the length of the string will be less than the distance
around the polygon.
3. The figure is a concave polygon.
20. A regular polygon is always equiangular, because all of
its angles in the interior of the polygon are congruent.

21. A circle is never a polygon, because a circle does not
have sides.
22. A polygon is always a plane figure, because a polygon is
a closed plane figure.

23. A concave polygon is never regular, because a regular
polygon is not concave.

24. Sample answer:
25. Sample answer:
(Equilateral,
not equiangular)
(Equilateral,
not equiangular)
26. Sample answer:
27. Sample answer:
4. Part of the figure is not a segment, so it is not a polygon.

5. The figure is a convex polygon.
6. Some segments intersect more than two segments, so it is
not a polygon.
7. C; the figure is a polygon and is not convex.
8. The polygon has 8 sides. It is equilateral and equiangular,
so it is a regular octogon.
(Equilateral,
not equiangular)
(Equiangular,
not equilateral)
so it is a regular pentagon.
10. The polygon has 3 sides so the figure is a triangle. It is
equilateral and equiangular, so it is regular.

11. The polygon has 3 sides, so the figure is a triangle. It is
not equilateral or equiangular, so it is not regular.

12. The polygon has 4 sides, so it is a quadrilateral. It is
equilateral but not equiangular, so it is not regular.

13. The polygon is a quadrilateral because it has 4 sides. It is
equiangular but not equilateral, so it is not regular.

14. Student A: The error is the hexagon must be convex.
Student B: The error is the hexagon does not have

congruent sides.
15. 5x 2 27 5 2x 2 6
3x 5 21
x57
2(7) 2 6 5 8
A side of the pentagon is 8 inches.
16. (9x 1 5)8 5 (11x 2 25)8
30 5 2x
15 5 x
9(15) 1 5 5 140
An angle of the nonagon measures 1408.
17.
3x 2 9 5 23 2 5x
8x 5 32
x54
3(4) 2 9 5 3
A side of the triangle is 3 feet.
18. A triangle is always convex, because no line that contains
a side of the triangle contains a point in the interior of the

triangle.
19. A decagon is sometimes regular, because all of its sides
28. x 2 1 4 5 x 2 1 x
45x
2
29. x 1 3x 5 x 2 1 x 1 2
2x 5 2
x51
30. x 2 1 2x 1 40 5 x 2 2 x 1 190
3x 5 150
x 5 50
31. mBAC 5 368, mABC 5 728, mACB 5 728; Sample
answer: Because the pentagonal tiles are regular, all of

their interior angles are congruent. By setting the given
expressions for angle measures equal to each other and
solving for x, we can nd the measure of each angle.
(20x 1 48)8 5 (33x 1 9)8
39 5 13x
35x
20(3) 1 48 5 108
Each interior angle of the pentagonal tiles measures
1088. So, mCAD 5 1088. Because BAE is a straight
angle, mBAC 1 mCAD 1 mDAE 5 1808. Since
BAC > DAE,
2 p mBAC 1 1088 5 1808
2 p mBAC 5 728
mBAC 5 368
ACB is supplementary to one of the 1088 interior
angles of a pentagon. So 1808 2 1088 5 728 5 mACB.
Because the angles of a triangle must add up to 1808,
mABC 5 1808 2 728 2 368 5 728.
and all of its angles can be congruent, but they dont have
to be.
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 17
17
7/11/06 10:57:57 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
Problem Solving
40. a.
32. a. The red polygon is convex because no line that
contains a side of the polygon contains a point in the

interior of the polygon.
Type of
polygon
Number
of sides
Number of
diagonals
Quadrilateral
Pentagon
Hexagon
Heptagon
14
Diagram
b. The polygon has 8 sides. It appears to be equilateral
and equiangular, so it is a regular octagon.

33. The polygon has 3 sides. It appears to be equilateral and
equiangular, so it is a regular triangle.

34. The polygon has 4 sides so it is a quadrilateral. It appears
to be equiangular but not equilateral, so it is not regular.

35. The polygon has 8 sides. It appears to be equilateral and
Sample answer: Every time you add another side, you

increase the number of diagonals by the amount added
to the previous polygon plus 1.
equiangular, so it is a regular octagon.

36. The polygon has 12 sides, so it is a decagon. It is
concave, so it is not regular.

}}
b. An octagon has 20 diagonals. A nonagon has 27
37. C; AB 5 (0 2 0) 2 1 (24 2 4) 2 5 64 5 8
}}
diagonals. Sample answer: The pattern described

continues.
CD 5 (8 2 8) 2 1 (24 2 4)2 5 64 5 8
}}
60(60 2 3)
3420
c. } 5 } 5 1710
2
2
AD 5 (8 2 0) 2 1 (4 2 4) 2 5 64 5 8
}}}
BC 5 (8 2 0) 2 1 (24 2 (24)) 2 5 64 5 8
C(8, 24) and D(8, 4)
38. a.
A 60-gon has 1710 diagonals.

41. a. A regular triangle has 3 lines of symmetry.
; The polygon is a quadrilateral.
b. A regular pentagon has 5 lines of symmetry.

c. A regular hexagon has 6 lines of symmetry.
b. It appears to be regular, and it is convex.

a.
d. A regular octagon has 8 lines of symmetry.
; The polygon is an octagon.

42.
b. It appears to be regular, and it is convex.

a.
; The polygon is a pentagon.
a.
; The polygon is a heptagon.
b. It is not equilateral or equiangular, and it is concave.

a.
The polygon is a dudecagon.
b. It appears to be equilateral but it is concave, so it is not
regular.
39. 105 mm; Because the button is a regular polygon, set the
expressions given for the length of the sides equal to each

other and solve for x.
3x 1 12 5 20 2 5x
8x 5 8
x51
Substitute the value for x back into one of the expressions
to nd the length of one side.
3(1) 1 12 5 15 mm
Because there are 7 sides, multiply the length of one side
by 7 to nd the length of silver wire needed.
15(7) 5 105
Mixed Review
1
43. } (35)b 5 140
2
35b 5 280
b58
45. 3.14r 2 5 314
r2 5 100
}
44.
x2 5 144
}
x2 5 144
x 5 612
b. It is not equilateral or equiangular, and it is convex.
r2 5 100
r 5 610
18
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 18
7/11/06 10:58:06 AM
Chapter 1,
1
21
continued
500 m 100 cm
46. } } 5 50,000 cm
1
1m

1. A 5 lw
500 m 5 50,000 cm
21
12 mi 5280 ft
47. } } 5 63,360 ft
1
1 mi
21
2
672 in. 5 18}3 yd
21
4 }2 ft 1 yd
1
50. } } 5 1} yd
1
2
3 ft
21
1 ( y2 2 y1)
1 ( y2 2 y1)
5 (29 2 (29)) 2 1 (7 2 (28))2
}}
}}}
5 (22 2 10) 1 (22 2 5)

}
A 5 }2 bh 5 }2 (4)(6) 5 12
(x2 2 x1)2 1 ( y2 2 y1)2

2
}}
b 5 4, h 5 6
5 0 1 225 5 225 5 15
54. d 5
}}
P 5 a 1 b 1 c 5 6.71 1 6.08 1 4 5 16.79
}}}
}}
EG 5 (1 2 1)2 1 (2 2 6) 2 5 16 5 4
}}
(x2 2 x1)
5 12.56
FG 5 (7 2 1)2 1 (3 2 2) 2 5 36 1 1 6.08
5 169 1 625 5 794 28.2

53. d 5
5 12.56
5. EF 5 (7 2 1) 2 1 (3 2 6) 2 5 36 1 9 6.71
}}}
5 2(3.14)(2)
}
The height from F to EG is 6 units.
5 (0 2 (213)) 2 1 (212 2 13)2

}
C 5 2r
5 3.14(2)2
72156
}}
(x2 2 x1)
5 6.4
}
F to EG. Find the length by using the x-coordinate for
}
F and the x-coordinate for EG. The x-cordinate for
}
F is 7 and the x-coordinate for EG is 1.
3800 m 5 3.8 km
52. d 5
5 2.56
4. The height will be a perpendicular line segment from
3800 m 1 km
51. } } 5 3.8 km
1
1000 m
5 4(1.6)
The area is about 12.6 yd 2. The circumference is

about 12.6 yd.
4 }2 ft 5 1}2 yd
P 5 4s
5 (1.6)2
3. A 5 r 2
1200 km 5 1,200,000 m
1 21
5 37.4
The area is about 2.6 cm2. The perimeter is 6.4 cm.
1200 km 1000 m
49. } } 5 1,200,000 m
1
1 km
5 74.1
2. A 5 s 2
672 in. 1 yd
2
48. } } 5 18 } yd
1
3
36 in.
5 2(13) 1 2(5.7)
The area is 74.1 m2. The perimeter is 37.4 m.
12 mi 5 63,360 ft
P 5 2l 1 2w
5 13(5.7)
5 144 1 49 5 193 13.9
Lesson 1.7
Investigating Geometry 1.7 (p. 48)
1. Sample answer:
4
16
The perimeter is about 16.8 units, and the area is

12 square units.
6. No; Doubling the length and width will not double the
area. The area will be 4 times greater, so it will take
longer than twice the time needed to resurface the
original rink.
1
A 5 }2 bh
1
64 5 }2 b(16)
85b
The base is 8 meters.

8
L1
2
4
6
8
10
L2
32
16
10.66
8
6.4
L3
68
40
33.33
32
32.8
2. The shape of the rectangle with the smallest perimeter is
a square.
Skill Practice
1. Sample answer: The diameter is twice the length of the
radius.
2. Sample answer: Find the perimeter of a yard to fence in;
nd the area of the ceiling to paint it; ft: ft2.

1
3. The formula for area of a triangle is A 5 } bh, not A 5 bh.
2
1
A 5 }2 (52)(9) 5 234 ft2
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 19
19
7/11/06 10:58:10 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
17. E (1, 1), F (4, 1), G (21, 4)
4. P 5 2l 1 2w 5 2(18) 1 2(8) 5 52 ft
A 5 lw 5 18(8) 5 144 ft
}}
}}
5. P 5 2l 1 2w 5 2(7) 1 2(4.2) 5 22.4 m
FG 5 (21 2 4) 2 1 (4 2 1)2
A 5 lw 5 7(4.2) 5 29.4 m2
}}
A 5 s 5 15 5 225 in.
5 13 3.6
P 5 EF 1 FG 1 GE 5 3 1 5.83 1 3.6 5 12.43
A 5 }2 bh 5 }2 (72)(30) 5 1080 yd2
The perimeter is about 12.4 units.

18. M(22, 1), N(3, 2), P (2, 22), Q (22, 22)
8. P 5 a 1 b 1 c 5 15 1 15 1 24 5 54 mm
}}
MN 5 (3 2 (22))2 1 (2 2 1)2
A 5 }2 bh 5 }2 (24)(9) 5 108 mm2
5 25 1 1 5 26 5.1
9. P 5 a 1 b 1 c 5 17 1 9 1 10 5 36 cm
}}
NP 5 (2 2 3)2 1 (22 2 2)2
1
1
A 5 }2 bh 5 }2 (9)(8) 5 36 cm2
5 1 1 16 5 17 4.12
10.
PQ 5 4, QM 5 3
1
P 5 MN 1 NP 1 PQ 1 QM
32 ft
16 2 ft
19. D; A(0, 2), B(4, 4), C (5, 2), D (1, 0)
}}
AB 5 (4 2 0)2 1 (4 2 2) 2
11. C 5 d 3.14(27) 84.8 cm
5 16 1 4 4.47
27 2
A 5 r2 3.14 }
572.3 cm2
2
1 2
}}
BC 5 (5 2 4)2 1 (2 2 4)2
12. C 5 d 3.14(5) 15.7 in.
5 1 1 4 2.24
A 5 lw 4.47(2.24) 10.01
5 2
A 5 r2 3.14 1 }2 2 19.6 in.2
1 m2
20. 187 cm2 p }2 5 0.0187 m2
10,000 cm
13. C 5 2r 2(3.14)(12.1) 76.0 cm
A 5 r2 3.14 (12.1)2 459.7 cm2
1 yd2
21. 13 ft2 p }
1.44 yd2
9 ft2
14. C 5 2r 2(3.14)(3.9) 24.5 cm
A 5 r2 3.14 (3.9)2 47.8 cm2
1 ft2
22. 18 in.2 p }2 5 0.125 ft 2
144 in.
15.
1,000,000 m2
23. 8 km2 p }
5 8,000,000 m2
1 km2
18.9 cm
9 ft2
24. 12 yd2 p }2 5 108 ft 2
1 yd
C 5 d 3.14(18.9) 59.3 cm
144 in.2
25. 24 ft2 p }
5 3456 in.2
1 ft2
A 5 r2 3.14 1 }
280.4 cm2
2 2
18.9 2
}}
144 in.2
26. D; 2.25 ft2 p }
5 324 in.2
1 ft2
}}
27.
}}
16. R(2, 4), S (6, 2), T (2, 1)
RS 5 (6 2 2)2 1 (2 2 4)2 5 16 1 4 5 20 4.47

ST 5 (2 2 6) 2 1 (1 2 2)2 5 16 1 1 5 17 4.12
TR 5 (2 2 2) 2 1 (1 2 4)2 5 9 5 3
P 5 RS 1 ST 1 TR 5 4.47 1 4.12 1 3 5 11.59
A 5 }2 bh
1
1
28. A 5 } bh
2
1
261 5 }2 (36) h
66 5 }2 (b) 1 8 }4 2
14.5 5 h
16 5 b
The height is 14.5 m.
The base is 16 inches.
5 5.1 1 4.12 1 4 1 3 5 16.22
A 5 }2 bh 5 }2 (32)1 16 }2 2 5 264 ft2
20
GE 5 (1 2 (21)) 2 1 (1 2 4) 2 5 4 1 9
7. P 5 a 1 b 1 c 5 30 1 72 1 78 5 180 yd
5 25 1 9 5 34 5.83
6. P 5 4s 5 4(15) 5 60 in.
2
EF 5 (4 2 1)2 1 (1 2 1)2 5 9 5 3
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 20
7/11/06 10:58:16 AM
Chapter 1,
29.
continued
30.
P 5 2l 1 2w
25 5 2(8) 1 2w
P 5 2l 1 2w
38. Let x 5 diameter of red circle
2x 5 diameter of yellow circle
102 5 2l 1 2(17)
9 5 2w
x 2
68 5 2l
4.5 5 w
68 5 2l
The width is 4.5 inches.
34 5 l
The area of the red circle is A 5 1 }2 2 and the area of

the yellow circle is A 5 1}
or A 5 x2.
22
2x 2
The fraction that expresses the amount of the red circle
The length is 34 inches.

31.
x 2
A 5 lw
18 5 2w2
yellow circle is 1 2 }4 5 }4 .
39.
l 5 2(3) 5 6
P 5 2l 1 2w
26 5 2l 1 2w
1
A 5 }2 bh
13 5 l 1 w
13 2 l 5 w
A 5 lw
h 5 3b
30 5 lw
30 5 l(13 2 l)
27 5 }2 b(3b)
30 5 13l 2 l2
1
27 5 1}2 b2
l2 2 13l 1 30 5 0
18 5 b 2
l 5 10, l 5 3
18 5 b
}
30 5 10w
h 5 3(32 ) 5 92
b 5 32
The height is 9 2 feet, and the base is 32 feet.
33. octagon; dodecagon; the square has four sides, so
a polygon with the same side length and twice the

perimeter would have to have 2(4) 5 8 sides; a polygon
with the same side length and three times the perimeter
would have to have 4(3) 5 12 sides.
A 5 s2
13 2 l 5 w
l 5 13 2 3 5 10
The length is 10 centimeters and the width is 3
centimeters.
Problem Solving
60 2
246 5 s
}
The side length is 246 centimeters.

A 5 s2
A 5 r2 3.14 1 }
2826
22
The circumference is about 188.4 inches, and the area is
about 2826 square inches.
41. A 5 lw 5 45(30) 5 1350
346 5 s2
}
346 5 s
P 5 2l 1 2w 5 2(45) 1 2(30) 5 150

}
The side length is 346 inches.
You need to cover 1350 square yards with grass seed,

3 ft
1 yd
A 5 s2
and you need 150 yd p } 5 450 feet of fencing.
42. a. l 5 0.84 m, w 5 0.54 m
127 5 s
}
The side length is 127 miles.

37.
35w
40. C 5 d 3.14(60) 188.4
184 5 s2
1008 5 s
The length is 6 inches, and the width is 3 inches.
36.
18 5 2w(w)
35w
35.
The fraction of the red circle that is not covered by the
9 5 w2
34.
} x2
4
1
}
that is covered by the yellow one is }
5}
2 5 4.
2
l 5 2w
32.
1 }2 2
A 5 s2
A 5 lw 5 0.84(0.54) 5 0.4536 m2
The area is 0.4536 m2.
b. If its area were 1 square meter it could generate
1050 5 s2
125 watts of power. If its area were 2 square meters,

it could generate 125(2) 5 250 watts of power.
542 5 s
}
The side length is 542 kilometers.
c. Chriss solar panel can generate 125(0.4536) 5 56.7
watts of power. This is found by multiplying the watts

of power per meter by the area of the panel.
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 21
21
7/11/06 10:58:18 AM
Chapter 1,
43. a.
continued
48. a. P 5 2l 1 2w
C 5 2r
r 5 21 2 x
30 5 2x 1 2w
94 2(3.14)(21 2 x)
15 5 x 1 w
94 6.28(21 2 x)
w 5 15 2 x
94 131.88 2 6.28x
y 5 lw
237.88 26.28x
y 5 x(15 2 x)
6.03 x
b. For the greatest possible area, use a length and width
of 7.5 yards each. A square maximizes the area.
r 21 2 6.03 14.97
The radius of the outer edge is about 15 inches.
b. 6 in.; the spoke is 21 inches long from the center to the
tip, and it is 15 inches from the center to the outer edge.

So, 21 2 15 5 6 inches is the length of the handle.
44. a.
Length, x
10
25
Perimeter, y1
8 20
40
100
Area, y2
4 25 100 625
b. (1, 4), (2, 8), (5, 20), (10, 40), (25, 100), (1, 1), (2, 4),
Mixed Review
49. y 5 2x 1 1
x
11
50. 94, 88, 82; 100 2 6 5 94, 94 2 6 5 88, 88 2 6 5 82

51.
5x 1 40
8x 2 13
y2
600
80
500
60
400
40
200
100
Length
53 5 3x
2
17 }3 5 x
8 1 17 }3 2 2 13 5 128 }3
2
300
20
0 5 10 15 20 25 x
5x 1 40 5 8x 2 13
A side of the triangle is 128 }3 inches.

52. (10x 1 20)8
12x8
0 5 10 15 20 25 x
Length
c. Sample answer: As the length increases, the difference
between the perimeter and area also increases.

45. a. A 5 lw 5 15.2(7) 5 106.4
The area of the grid is 106.4 m2.
12x8 5 (10x 1 20)8

2x 5 20
x 5 10
b. 380 rows, 175 columns. Sample answer: The panel
is 1520 centimeters high and each module is

4 centimeters square so there are 1520 4 4 5 380
rows; the panel is 700 centimeters wide and each
module is 4 centimeters square so there are
700 4 4 5 175 columns.
46. a. C 5 2r 2(3.14)(115,800) 727,224
C 2(3.14)(120,600) 757,368
The circumference of the red ring is about 727,200
kilometers and the circumference of the yellow ring is
about 757,400 kilometers.
b. 757,400 2 727,200 5 30,200; The yellow rings
circumference is about 30,200 kilometers greater than

the red rings circumference.
47. }; the area of the square is 2r 2 and the area of the circle
2
r2
is r2, so the circle is }

5}
times greater than the
2
2r 2
12(10) 5 120
An angle of the hexagon measures 1208.
Quiz 1.61.7 (p. 56)
1. The gure is a concave polygon.
2. The gure is not a polygon because part of it is not a
segment.
3. The gure is a convex polygon.
4. P 5 2l 1 2w 5 2(16) 1 2(5) 5 42 yd
A 5 lw 5 16(5) 5 80 yd2
5
3
1
1
5. P 5 a 1 b 1 c 5 } 1 } 1 } 5 1} in.
8
8
2
2
1
1 1 3
y1
100
Area
Perimeter
(5, 25), (10, 100), (25, 265)
A 5 }2 bh 5 }2 1 }2 2 1 }8 2 5 }
in.2
32
area of the square.
22
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 22
7/11/06 10:58:24 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
6. P 5 a 1 b 1 c 5 5 1 4.5 1 8.5 5 18 m
1
2
Mixed Review of Problem Solving (p. 58)

1. a. l 5 4 yd 5 12 ft
1
1
A 5 }2 bh 5 }2 (4.5)(4) 5 9 m2
w 5 3 yd 5 9 ft
3
4
1 2
1
2
A 5 lw 5 12(9) 5 108
7. A 5 lw 5 3} 2 } 5 8 } yd2
9 ft2
1 yd
The area of the roof is 108 square feet.
8 }4 yd2 p }2 5 78 }4 ft2
b. asphalt shingles: 0.75(108) 5 $81
Divide the area of the yard by the number of square feet

one bag of wood chips can cover.
c. $124.20 2 $81 5 $43.20
Wood shingles: 1.15(108) 5 $124.20

You will pay $43.20 more to use wood shingles.
78 }4 4 10 5 7 }8 ft2
2. Sample answer: GAB, GABCDEF; triangle, heptagon
You need 8 bags of wood chips.
3. a. DGB and BGH are complementary. HGF and
CGF are complementary. DGB and BGF,

DGH and HGF, CGF and CGD, DBG and
GBH, HCG and GCF are supplementary.
Problem Solving Workshop 1.7 (p. 57)

5280 ft
1
1. } mi p } 5 660 ft
1 mi
8
b. mFGC 5 218 because mDGB 5 218 and
Time (hour)
Area Plowed (ft2)
1 p 180,000 5 180,000
2 p 180,000 5 360,000
t p 180,000 5 A
2
A 5 660 5 435,600 ft
c. mHCG 5 558 because mHBG is 558 and
HCG > HBG.
mDBG 5 1258 because it is supplementary to a 558

angle. mFCG 5 1258 because it is supplementary to
a 558 angle.
180,000t 5 A
180,000t 5 435,600
t 5 2.42
It takes about 2.4 hours.
2. 660 is the length of the eld, not the area.
FGC > DGB. mBGH 5 698 because it is

complementary to a 218 angle. mHGC 5 698
because it is complementary to a 218 angle.
4.
m1 1 m2 5 1808
m1 1 m3 5 908
m1 5 m2 2 288
m2 2 288 1 m2 5 1808
2(m2) 5 2088
A 5 6602 5 435,600
m2 5 1048
435,600 5 180,000t
3. l 5 110 yd 5 330 ft
m1 5 1048 2 288 5 768

768 1 m3 5 908
w 5 45 yd 5 135 ft
2
Area (ft )
Cost ($)
1 p $.60 5 $.60
2 p $.60 5 $1.20
A p $.60 5 C
C 5 $.60A
m3 5 148
5. a. P 5 4s 5 4(22.5) 5 90 ft
C 5 d 3.14(26) 81.64 ft
For the square garden you need enough bricks for
1080
5 108 bricks.
90 ft 5 1080 inches of perimeter. }
10
You need 108 bricks for the square garden.
C 5 $.60(330 p 135) 5 $26,730
The circumference of the circular garden in inches is

81.64 ft(12) 979.68 inches.
It will cost $26,730 to pave the parking lot.
} 97.97 bricks
4. d 5 (120) p 3 376.8 p 3 1130.4
The total distance walked is about 1130.4 meters.

(4 3 1000) 4 60 5 4000 4 60 5 66.67
979.68
10
You need 98 bricks for the circular garden.

b. You need a total of 108 1 98 5 206 bricks, so 3
bundles are needed.
You walk about 66.67 meters per minute.

1130.4 4 66.67 16.96
So it will take you about 17 minutes to walk around the
path 3 times.
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 23
23
7/11/06 10:58:27 AM
Chapter 1,
13.
7x 2 3 5 4x 1 6
3x 5 9
x53
7(3) 2 3 5 18
18(5) 5 90
90 inches 5 7.5 feet
7.5 feet of bamboo are used in the frame.
}}
The length is about 2.8 units.
11x 1 4 5 180
M 1}
,}
2
2 2
214 513
11x 5 176
x 5 16
M(3, 4)
2(16) 1 5 5 37
The coordinates of the midpoint are (3, 4).
mZWX 5 378
}}
8. a. Side length 5 (4 2 0) 1 (0 2 2) 5 20 5 2 5
2
}}
15. FG 5 (6 2 1) 2 1 (0 2 7) 2 5 25 1 49 8.6
P 5 4 (25 ) 5 8 5
The perimeter is 8 5 units.
M 1}
,}
2
2 2
611 017
1
1
b. Area of nABC 5 } bh 5 } (8)(2) 5 8
2
2
1
Area of nADC 5 }2 (8)(2) 5 8
M(3.5, 3.5)
The coordinates of the mid point are (3.5, 3.5).
}}
The area of quadrilateral ABCD is the sum of the areas

of triangles ABC and ADC.
16. HJ 5 (5 2 (23)) 2 1 (4 2 9) 2 5 64 1 25 9.4

,}
M 1}
2
2 2
23 1 5 9 1 4
8 1 8 5 16
The area of quadrilateral ABCD is 16 square units.
M (1, 6.5)
The coordinates of the midpoint are (1, 6.5).
Chapter 1 Review (pp. 6063)

}
1. Points A and B are the endpoints of AB.

2. Sample answer:
}}
17. KL 5 (0 2 10) 2 1 (27 2 6) 2 5 100 1 169 16.4

1
1 10 1 0
The coordinates of the midpoint are (5, 20.5).
4. Sample answer: Another name for line y is @##$

XY .
6. Sample answer: Points N, X, Y, and Z are coplanar.
21 1 x
18. } 5 3
2
7. ###$
YX and ###$
YZ are opposite rays.
8. The intersection of line h and plane M is point y.
9. AB 5 AC 2 BC
10. NP 5 NM 1 MP
AB 5 3.2 2 2
NP 5 22 1 8
AB 5 1.2
NP 5 30
11. XY 5 XZ 2 YZ
XY 5 16 2 9
XY 5 7
12. DE 5 11 2 (213) 5 24
GH 5 214 2 (29) 5 5
}
}
DE and GH are not congruent because they have
different lengths.
M (5, 20.5)
}
then Q is the midpoint of PR.
5. Sample answer: Points P, X, and N are not collinear.
6 1 (27)
M }
,}
2
2
3. If Q is between points P and R on @##$

PR, and PQ 5 QR,
24
14. AB 5 (4 2 2) 2 1 (3 2 5) 2 5 4 1 4 2.8
7. (2x 1 5)8 1 (9x 2 1)8 5 1808
JM 5 MK
6x 2 7 5 2x 1 3
4x 5 10
x 5 2.5
6(2.5) 2 7 5 8
2(8) 5 16
JK is 16 units.
51y
2
}58
21 1 x 5 6
5 1 y 5 16
x57
y 5 11
The coordinates of endpopint B are (7, 11).

}}
19. EF 5 (8 2 2) 2 1 (11 2 3) 2 5 36 1 64 5 10
}
EF is 10 units, so EM is 5 units.
20.
mLMP 1 mPMN 5 mLMN

(11x 2 9)8 1 (5x 1 5)8 5 1408
16x 2 4 5 140
16x 5 144
x59
mPMN 5 5(9) 1 5 5 508
21. mUVW 5 2 p mUVZ
mUVW 5 2(818)
mUVW 5 1628
The angle is obtuse.
6.
continued
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 24
7/11/06 10:58:30 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
22. m2 5 908 2 m1 5 908 2 128 5 788
39.
23. m2 5 908 2 m1 5 908 2 838 5 78
A 5 }2 bh
1
46.5 5 }2 b(18.6)
24. m2 5 908 2 m1 5 908 2 468 5 448
55b
25. m2 5 908 2 m1 5 908 2 28 5 888
The base is 5 meters.
26. m4 5 180 2 m3 5 1808 2 1168 5 648

27. m4 5 1808 2 m3 5 1808 2 568 5 1248
320 3.14r 2
28. m4 5 1808 2 m3 5 1808 2 898 5 918
101.9 r 2
29. m4 5 1808 2 m3 5 1808 2 128 5 1688

30.
A 5 r 2
40.
10.1 r
m1 1 m2 5 908
The radus is about 10.1 meters.
(x 2 10)8 1 (2x 1 40)8 5 908
C 5 2r 2(3.14)(10.1) 63.4
3x 1 30 5 90
The circumference is about 63.4 meters.
3x 5 60
x 5 20
m1 5 20 2 10 5 108
m2 5 2(20) 1 40 5 808
31.
m1 1 m2 5 1808
Chapter 1 Test (p. 64)

1. True
2. False; point D lies on line l.
3. False; Points B, C, and E are coplanar but point Q is not.
(3x 1 50)8 1 (4x 1 32)8 5 1808
4. False; Points C and E are on line l, but point B is not.
7x 1 82 5 180
5. False; Point Q is not on the plane G.
7x 5 98
6. HJ 5 HK 2 JK
x 5 14
HJ 5 52 2 30
m1 5 3(14) 1 50 5 928
m2 5 4(14) 1 32 5 888
1 is obtuse.
HJ 5 22
7. BC 5 AC 2 AB
BC 5 18 2 7
so it is a regular triangle.
33. The polygon has 4 sides. Its angles are all the same, so it
BC 5 11
8. XZ 5 XY 1 YZ
XZ 5 26 1 45
is an equiangular quadrilateral.
XZ 5 71
34. The polygon has 8 sides, so it is an octagon. It is
equilateral but not regular because it is concave.

} }
35. BC > DE, so BC 5 DE
5x 2 4 5 2x 1 11
}}
}}
10. CD 5 (6 2 5) 2 1 (21 2 10) 2

}
}}}
11. MN 5 (21 2 (28))2 1 (3 2 0) 2 5 49 1 9
x55
5 58 7.6
5(5) 2 4 5 21
} }
BC > AB, so BC 5 AB 5 21 units.
91y
2
31x
12. } 5 9
2
36. C 5 d 3.14(15.6) 5 49.0 m
}57
3 1 x 5 18
15.6 2
A 5 r2 3.141 }
5 191.0 m2
2 2
9 1 y 5 14
x 5 15
37. P 5 2l 1 2w
y55
The coordinates of endpoint B are (15, 5).
1 2
1
1
P 5 2 4 }2 1 2 2 }2 5 14 in.
13. CM 5 MD
3x 5 27
A 5 lw 5 4 }2 1 2 }2 2 5 11.3 in.2
1
5 1 1 121 5 122 11.0
3x 5 15
1 2
9. TW 5 (2 2 3) 2 1 (7 2 4) 2 5 1 1 9 5 10 3.2
}}
x59
38. UV 5 (28 2 1) 2 1 (2 2 2) 2 5 81 5 9
}}}
VW 5 (28 2 (24))2 1 (2 2 6)2 5 16 1 16 5.7

}}
WU 5 (24 2 1) 1 (6 2 2) 5 25 1 16 6.4
2
P 5 UV 1 VW 1 WU 5 9 1 5.7 1 6.4 5 21.1

1
A 5 }2 bh
CD 5 3(9) 1 27 5 54
14.
mGMJ 5 1258; GMJ is obtuse.
1
A 5 }2 (9)(4) 5 18
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 25
25
7/11/06 10:58:34 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
2x 2 5
6. } 5 4
7
4x
5. } 1 2(3 2 x) 5 5
3
15. mKHL 1 mCMJ 5 mKHJ
(8x 2 1)8 1 (4x 1 7)8 5 908
4x
3
} 1 6 2 2x 5 5
12x 1 6 5 90
12x 5 84
2x 2 5 5 28
4x 1 18 2 6x 5 15
x57
2x 5 33
1
x 5 16}2
22x 5 23
mLMJ 5 4(7) 1 7 5 358
x 5 1}2
1
16. mQRT 5 mSRT 5 } mQRT
2
7. 9c 2 11 5 2c 1 29
mQRT 5 }2 (1548) 5 778
10c 5 40
mQRS 5 mSRT 5 778
c54
17. 2 and 3, 3 and 4, 1 and 4, 1 and 2 are all
linear pairs.
18. 2 and 4, 1 and 3 are vertical angles.
8. 2(0.3r 1 1) 5 23 2 0.1r
0.6r 1 2 5 23 2 0.1r
0.7r 5 21
r 5 30
9. 5(k 1 2) 5 3(k 2 4)
5k 1 10 5 3k 2 12
2x 5 222
19. 908 2 648 5 268
x 5 211
Its complement is 268.
10. Let x represent the number of boxes of stationary.
1808 2 648 5 1168
(Cost of each box 3 Number of boxes) 1 Cost of book

5 Gift certicate
Its supplement is 1168.

20. Sample answer:
4.59x 1 8.99 5 50
4.59x 5 41.01
concave decagon
x 5 8.93
You can buy 8 boxes of stationary.
11. Let x represent the number of people.
(Charge per person 3 Number of people)

1 Cost to rent the room 5 Amount to spend
convex pentagon
6x 2 12 5 3x 1 6
8.75x 1 350 5 500
3x 5 18
8.75x 5 150
x56
x 5 17.14
6(6) 2 12 5 24
17 people can come to the party.
P 5 5(24) 5 120
12. Let x represent the number of smaller beads.
The perimeter is 120 units.
(Length of smaller bead 3 Number of smaller beads)

1 Length of larger bead 5 Length of necklace
22. l 5 5.5 yd 5 16.5 ft
w 5 4.5 yd 5 13.5 ft
3
4
The total area is 222.75 square feet. The total cost of

carpeting is found by multiplying the cost per square
yard and the total area.
$1.50 (222.75) 5 $334.13
1
2
x 5 22
Standardized Test Preparation (p. 67)

1. Full credit. Sample answer: The solution is complete and
Chapter 1 Algebra Review (p. 65)
26
3
4
}x 5 16 }
You need 22 smaller beads.
Since this is more than $300, you cannot afford to buy

this carpet.
1. 9y 1 1 2 y 5 49
1
2
} x 1 1} 5 18
A 5 lw 5 16.5(13.5) 5 222.75
correct.
2. 5z 1 7 1 z 5 28
2. Partial credit. Sample answer: The reasoning is correct
8y 5 48
6z 5 215
y56
z 5 22 }2
3. 24(2 2 t) 5 216
4. 7a 2 2(a 2 1) 5 17
28 1 4t 5 216
7a 2 2a 1 2 5 17
4t 5 28
5a 5 15
t 5 22
a53
but an incorrect conversion leads to an incorrect solution.

3. No credit. Sample answer: The reasoning and solution
are incorrect and do not make sense.
21.
4. Partial credit. Sample answer: The reasoning and
computations are correct so far, but a solution is not

given.
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 26
7/11/06 10:58:37 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
Standardized Test Practice (pp. 6869)
for the lengths of the sides equal to each other and solve
for x.
1. Find the area of the oor in square feet.
l 5 6 yd 5 18 ft
x 1 5 5 3x 2 19
w 5 4.5 yd 5 13.5 ft
24 5 2x
A 5 lw 5 18(13.5) 5 243 ft2

Because this is less than 300 ft2, the cost per square foot
is $2. The total cost is 243(2) 5 $486.
2. Find the coordinates of point L and point T.
L (22, 24), T (1, 1)

Use the midpoint formula to nd the coordinates of M.
x 1x y 1y
1
2 1
2
M }
,}
2
2
12 5 x
12 1 5 5 17
The length of one side is 17 cm.
Since there are 5 sides, the perimeter is the length of one
side multiplied by 5.
17(5) 5 85 cm.
30.48 centimeters are in a foot, so 3(30.48) 5 91.44
centimeters are in a yard.
,}
M 1}
2
2 2
The length of the perimeter in yards is 85 cm p }

91.44 cm
M 1 2}2, 2}2 2
5 0.93 yard. The total cost is $1.50(0.93) 5 $1.40.
22 1 1 24 1 1
1 yd
Use the distance formula to nd the distance between

point L and Point M.
}}
12
}}}
LM 5
1
2
} 2 (22)
1 1 2}2 2 (24) 2
3
17
5 }
2.92
2
25
5 }4 1 }
4
}
The distance between the library and your house is about

2.92 km.
3. Find the area of the surface of the water.
l 5 7.5 yd 5 22.5 ft
w 5 3.5 yd 5 10.5 ft
A 5 lw 5 22.5(10.5) 5 236.25 ft2
Multiply the area exposed by 17.6 gallons of water.
236.25(17.6) 5 4158
In one year 4158 gallons of water would evaporate.
4. Find the area of the cover in square yards.
d 5 20 ft 5 6.67 yd
A 5 r
A 3.14 1 }
34.9 yd2
2 2
6.67 2
Multiply the total area by the cost per square yard.

34.9(4) 5 139.6
The total cost is about $140.
6. mA 1 mB 5 908
(2x 2 4)8 1 (4x 2 8)8 5 908

6x 2 12 5 90
d 5 (x2 2 x1) 2 1 ( y2 2 y1) 2
5. To nd the length of one side, set the expressions given
6x 5 102
x 5 17
mB 5 4(17) 2 8 5 608
The supplement of B is 1808 2 608 5 1208.
7. Use the distance formula to find the distances between
each of the towns.

Atkins to Baxton, d1:
}}
d1 5 (5 2 0)2 1 (2 2 2)2 5 25 5 5
Baxton to Canton, d 2:
}}
d2 5 (5 2 5)2 1 (5 2 2)2 5 9 5 3
Atkins to Canton, d3:
}}
d3 5 (5 2 0)2 1 (5 2 2)2 5 25 1 9 5.83

The distance if you go through Baxton is 5 1 3 5 8 km.
The distance if you go directly to canton is about 5.83
km. The difference between the two routes is
8 km 2 5.83 km 5 2.17 km.
The trip is about 2.17 km shorter if you do not go
through Baxton.
8. Gold wire needed for one earring:
Circumference 5 p d 5 25 78.54 mm
1m
78.54 mm 1 }
5 0.0785 m
1000 mm 2
Gold wire needed for a pair of earrings:

2(0.0785) 5 0.157 m
Number of pairs of earrings:
1 pair of earrings
5 12.74 pairs of earrings.

2 meters }}
0.157 m
So, the jeweler can make 12 pairs of earrings.
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 27
27
7/11/06 10:58:39 AM
Chapter 1,
continued
1 2
1 ft2
14. a. $50,000 } 5 12,500 ft 2
$4
9. C;
AB 5 2 p AM
}}}
AM 5 (4 2 (22))2 1 (22 2 6) 2 5 36 1 64
}
5 100 5 10 units
AB 5 2 p 10 5 20 units
12,500 5 (2w)w
P 5 2l 1 2w
When P 5 85 and l 5 4 1 w:
85 5 2(4 1 w) 1 2w
6250 5 w2
79 w
l 5 2(79) 5 158
The field is 158 feet long and 79 feet wide.
15. Amount of black ink for one circle:
85 5 8 1 2w 1 2w
Circumference 5 d 5 (1) 5
85 5 4w 1 8
Amount of black ink for 30 circles

is 30() 5 30 94.2
85 5 2(2w 1 4)
11. mXYW 5 mWYZ
(6x 2 9)8 5 (5x 1 2)8

x2952
x 5 11
mXYZ 5 mXYW 1 mWYZ
5 6(11) 2 9 1 5(11) 1 2 5 1148
mA 1 mB 5 908
mA 5 8 p mB
8 p mB 1 mB 5 908
9 p mB 5 908
mB 5 108
mA 1 108 5 908
mA 5 808
1808 2 808 5 1008
The supplement of A is 1008.
13. Perimeter 5 a 1 b 1 c
When a 5 x, b 5 x 1 70, c 5 x 1 90, and the perimeter

is 400:
Amount of black ink for one square:

Perimeter 5 4 p s 5 4 p 1 5 4
Amount of black ink for 30 squares is 30(4) 5 120
So, the 30 squares use more black ink.
Amount of red ink for one circle:
2
Amount of red ink for 30 circles is 30(0.8) 5 24

Amount of red ink for one square:
Area 5 s2 5 12 5 1
Amount of red ink for 30 squares is 30(1) 5 30
So, the 30 squares use more red ink.
}}
}}
16. a. AB 5 (7 2 1) 2 1 (5 2 7) 2 5 36 1 4 5 40 6.3
CB 5 (7 2 2)2 1 (5 2 2)2 5 25 1 9 5 34 5.8

The distance from the boat at point A to the buoy is
about 6.3 kilometers. The distance from the boat at
point C to the buoy is about 5.8 kilometers.
b. Let t be the time (in hours) for a boat to reach the buoy.
400 5 x 1 (x 1 70) 1 (x 1 90)
Boat at point A:
400 5 3x 1 160
Distance 5 Rate p Time
80 5 x
1
Area 5 }2 a p b
1
5 }2 (80) p (80 1 70)

5 6000
The area is 6000 square feet.
1
0.8
Area 5 (r)2 5 1 }2 2 5 }
4
6.3 5 5.8 p t
1.26 5 t
Boat at point C:
Distance 5 Rate p Time
5.8 5 5.2 p t
1.12 t
Because 1.12 < 1.26, the boat at point C reaches the
buoy first.
Let P be the perimeter, l be the length, and w be the

width.
28
When A 5 12,500 and l 5 2w:

12,500 5 2w2
10. C;
12.
The largest area is 12,500 square feet

b. let A be the area, l be the length, and w be the width.
Geometry
ngws-01.indd 28
7/11/06 10:58:41 AM

Worked Out Solutions Chapter 1 Version2

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Chapter 1

Prerequisite Skills (p. 1)

1.1 Exercises (pp. 5 8)

1. The distance around a rectangle is called its

perimeter, and the distance around a circle is called its

2. The number of square units covered by a gure is called

coplanar. Coplanar points lie in the same plane, but

4. Another name for plane V is plane QST.

5. Points R, Q, and S are collinear. Point T is not collinear

with those points.

9. 218 1 3x 5 218 1 3(2) 5 218 1 6 5 212

6. Point W is not coplanar with points R, S, and T.

13. B; C, D, E, and G are coplanar.

Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifin Company.

2. Collinear points lie on the same line, so they are also

coplanar with points Q, S, and T.

endpoints and continue in different directions. ###$

@##$ intersects line k at point M.

b. It is possible to have three planes that intersect in one

line. The planes intersect at @##$

A(5, 1) is on the line.

A(7, 1) is not on the line.

A(1, 6) is on the line.

31. y 5 3x 2 2; A(21, 25)

32. y 5 22x 1 8; A(24, 0)

A(21, 25) is on the line.

c. This is not possible because planes intersect at a line,

that do not intersect, if the two planes are parallel and

A(24, 0) is not on the line.

The graph is a ray.

e. This is not possible because the third plane cannot be

The graph is a ray.

parallel to both of the other intersecting planes, so it

40. Intersections of several lines

The graph is a segment.

42. Planes intersecting with planes

43. A four-legged table may rock from side to side because

The graph is a pair of rays.

four points are not necessarily coplanar. A three-legged

The graph is a line.

legs are coplanar.

points determine a unique plane.

The graph is a point.

planes are all parallel.

46. a. If there are 5 streets, there must be 10 trafc lights. If

there are 6 streets, there must be 15 trafc lights.

b. Each time a street is added, the number of additional

trafc lights that are needed is equal to the previous

Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifin Company.

49. 225 2 (212) 5 213

12. The Segment Addition Postulate was used incorrectly.

1.2 Guided Practice (pp. 911)

4. You cannot use the Segment Addition Postulate to

Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifin Company.

Because RS 5 200 2 (2200) 5 400 and

AB and CD are not congruent, because

Segment Addition Postulate. FC 1 CB 5 FB, so FB

PN by subtracting MP from MN.

The team lost 45% of their games in 2003.

The team lost 42% of their games in 2004.

subtracting one color of the stacked bar from the entire

The climber must descend 21 feet farther to reach the