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  • The Poor in Spain - Confinement and Control

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    The Poor in Spain- Confinement and Control

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 просмотров20 страниц

    The Poor in Spain - Confinement and Control

    Загружено:

    silvia1983
    The Poor in Spain- Confinement and Control

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
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    ANNE J. CRUZ Discourses of Poverty: Social Reform and the Picaresque Novel in Early Modern Spain UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London 1997 | | | | | | | | 2 The Poor in Spain: | Confinement and Control Confinement was rons err, and an economic mistake prety wa tobe suppressed ty removing and mn 40 Discourses of Poverty and the criminal and ultimately resulted in efforts to confine them throagh secular means. As Fouca ‘merely masked the problems wi conceding any maividua spi (Cehariy, the seculrized judgment passed on the impovershed in early 7 sntemll-century Europe was based onthe new rationlisteoneept ofan { ethialy free and employable workforce: = G Historians continue to debate the reasons why Spiny unlike countries that encouraged industil development such as Belgium, Germany, and England, failed to develop an infrastructure that would help aboard ort ofthe Mesta further blocked agecultural production by forbidding lure of arable lands* Small farmers eventually sold out to nobles whose land investiga; With the conconitant ri le ofthe urban comune revolts was symptomatic ofthe oppaston that, as ealy as sz. arose betwee stymied nationalist capital based on local industry and the interna tional capitalism successhlly supported by the Emperor Already By the ater al ofthe sixteen century, hse events had led to such inter. i ThePoorinSpain 41 | poor multiplied ungontraably, the pes | Robes debate diacuseed in Iustrated by the Soto nized systerns bourgeois atonal a | [mpovershed imposed an eihical judgment, sine poor resporsible for diferentating bet | bbohaviour. Cates have deemed this «peta ash fod resultant lack of indestriaization’™ Echoing the ofthe hidalgo class voiced by #he anonymous author of the ‘and Burgos ~ Ortiz argued that the material production required or ‘economic development confited withthe round iden ofa nation © hised were dictated by” 8 Discourses of Poverty ThePoorin Spain 43 ved by mos Spaniards aa threatening ale force unrestrained al boundaries a dlsplaced and marginale shyt ol her sraphie growth did not coincide with an equivalent rise in prosperity Jahn Lyach affirms sans and landless peasants fom the countryside tothe rere barely contained by the growing need for manpower forld and inte vatous European theatres of war, the century, when industry appeared tobe flowing, the a way of sap om the deatution a the coantysie by erin search of work. 1%, correlated manifetatiens ofthe intensify subversion that took hold during the lt seciey (Lynch 6-1 1+ The interrelated problems of vagrancy and lck of employment first th en ‘Charles V's monarchy; they wore promulgated on behalf of cultural homogeneity. In their contradictory Stance of represeniatves of Christan seal deviant, the(pocrosch- smorarch had scarcely begun to bull Spain's stength in the Mader | ind precarious berwen the fed se-sucn ens aos ‘ean against the Turks when he ound Rnwalf having to face discontent } figures and complily disentrafchised miscrearts. Prefigured by the {nthe Netherland a Calvinists in 6 rte andsecked the [77 vulnerable Lazalo’siiemorphass into a cya Lava, the caret Pressured by heresy fom beyond his border, Philip was also redemptive image ofthe medieval leper was inetucably transformed, “127 44 Discourses of Poverty by the fhe ter decades ofthe century, Into the silly perceived threat of al ermal ‘As the leper's symbolic heir, the peas lncerated body gave rise to ‘aclusionary tactics on the part ofthe sate in order t0 ehease eeend pony. Increasingly denounced fort , were forced to undergo examinations given at beggars hespleie ‘The anxieties matigating their pubic condemnation Spied eens the perms manifold representation in literature Deapie tho ‘appearance in 159, not only ly invented genve, but remark ThePoorin Spain 45 Nonetheless as we dscer in the Lazarili’s mention ofthe Toleden Poor Laws, rules governing the behaviour ofthe picaresque through sch soldiers Pasomonte, the lst exerpa| Gonzales ‘Alonso de Contreras, Jenin he picaresque genre, Eteanilo, ‘Who thins that the solder who fist ches the apo the ade ats fe the of cure he does. Its dese for pra that makes hm expe ie sift danger anit ithe stein the es adn here ThePoorin Spain 47 serve are far less heroic and much more ther attempts to dd ish Hapsburg soldiers’ bodies will be disci 3 cific fora “common” good that (sth thee welfare ‘Secularization and Social Containment ‘The Poor Laws decreed at mid-century ills the church's inability to curb vagabondage ing to moral law. Traditonaliss and reformers alike were balled by a growing probiem >, hstorialy, whose regulation no longer responded to religious tenets, ing renounced graph, resulted oaly in masking ‘would lead tan ireconeiable double bind that tapped ined in ts victons le the expedition, not been been found outa thik | ou Ma Wh {he hosts are fle rif new ones have been bak with salient room for ‘he poor who prevouly roamed the set {res aos hao mis que eta rzén de limomas te ha comenzado apt £1 frato que dels se ba sudo = Vesa Alena nde que se hac ya que no vemos andar pate nngune por at 48 Discourses of Poverty ‘sus que no abiande los corsranes etn mie Bence los ‘git ares moeon, donde quepan in ue tdaban poe i) Names organized methods of containing the poot had already been implement several cis, however, pending on sulcen local Interot and spore One merely Physical, ‘ath: As at as 1650, the hospital rules stipulated that \sneirgess aun vistador enfenmer qu es aga confer l principio de Ie enfermedad y no ne le segunda rain sin ue lo aya hehe, pong lin ‘The Poor inSpain 49 the care of lepers had forme part ofthe hospital reform ‘across fiftenth-century Barope. Responding to Isabel and Ferdinand founded hospitals in Santiago and converted the royal hospital in Seville ler (Martz 36)" Crane "been named governor ofthe realm in 1542, merged several small hospitals to found & grand edifice, ‘named San juan Batista But which soon became knoven as the Hospital de Tayera in recognition ofits founder's concern for the needy. An for rele of the poor, com posed of both secular and cathedral authorities, was formed to publicize ton in Toledo. The newly appointed. Archbeshop af juan Martner Si 5 Discourses of Poverty ‘The Sevilian Fospital de ls Cinco Lagaa was endowed in 1539 by Fadrque Enriquez de Ribera, the san of Catalina de Riber, known as Sevill's ‘mother ofthe poor who hersef had converted a house into a ‘small espital for women. The Hospital de las Cinco Llagas continued its founder’ legacy i sharing Juan de Di’s concerns about poor 3 was famous for its ercitetural splendour, the Robin coate™ Although in he mane the scl sense of poverty eae analogous with corporal inet ‘hic noi ede to bent ony cre But enue, sb tobe doh {rom pualic view. Recommending thatthe poor be relegated to geal” hospital supported by the sate, the mansacipt was most revaltion ry in its insistence that such hospitals be limited to beggar, and that ‘he stateaccept fll responsiblity for is maintenance through taxation ‘Assuming aa given the oligaton o succor he poo. nd ines a we know, ‘hiseanmot be cred out with cone and bread cut slne anh tet ‘The Poor in Spain. sx Pasta por sin duda Is obligacén de acu al remeio dela cbs, y dado Br ningune de que proven de Baneasy mendruge de pany Svigacionee lsusteto dels hospitals no est in undo en sla devon Se! pos ‘nti In que se fundaren ve sitenten, que las madres defalise qu alimenton a os sje. ‘confeen ls que nolo Keren de wu grado e proven pubeamente qo ets ‘epi ychidad se enargue del sustento dew pobre, y quelo goo no Mace

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