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FINAL ANSWERS

Participated: Hugo Benavente Rodriguez, Juan Carrasco, Allison Hollenbaugh, Kent


Jitpatima, Zhuoyao Li, Ryan Mills ,Lauren Springer
Did Not Participate:
1. What are the components of an argument? Give a definition of each of
the components, and provide 3 examples of key word indicators that are
used to signal each component of an argument.
The components of an argument consists of two parts the premise(s) and the
conclusion. The premise is the claim or claims in an argument that
provide the reasons for believing the conclusion. The conclusion is the claim for
which a premise is supposed to give a reason. Key word indicators to signal a premise
could be "because", "seeing that", "as indicated by" and signals for the conclusion
could be "it is concluded that", "so", and "consequently". "Because" could also be a
signal for the conclusion given its context.
Source: Critical Thinking 10th Edition
2. What is the difference between an argument and an explanation?
Provide an example of each, with a brief explanation of why one example
counts as an argument, and why the other example counts as an
explanation.
The difference between an argument and an explanation is that an argument is a
statement or set of statements that you use in order to try to convince people that
your opinion about something is correct, while an explanation is used to clarify and
explicate a statement. Its aim is to make the listener understand the statement
rather than persuade him to accept a certain point of view. An example for an
argument: You must put the ice cream in a refrigerator, otherwise it will be melted.
An example for an explanation: You must put the ice cream in a refrigerator, because
the temperature there is more proper than the outside.
Source: Critical Thinking 10th Edition
Source: Distinguishing Premises from Conclusions Softchalk Lesson
3. What are the 3 criteria a statement must meet in order to count as an
objective statement? Provide an example of an objective statement, and
clearly explain how your example meets all three criteria?

The three criteria an objective statement must fulfill include:


1. It must have a truth value.
2. There is a way to determine and agree on whether it is true or false.
3. In the event of disagreement over the truth about a claim, someone must be
wrong.
An example of an objective statement would be: PCC is located in Pasadena. This
statement meets all three criteria because it has a truth value (either it is or it isnt
located in Pasadena), there are ways to determine whether or not this claim is true
(for example, by referring to a map), and in the event someone disagrees, either one
person or the other would be incorrect (the school can either be in Pasadena, or cant
be in Pasadena - not both).
Source: Critical Thinking 10th Edition
4. In your own words, what is the difference between a deductive
argument, and an inductive argument? Give examples of each type of
argument to help explain your answer.
Simply put, a deductive argument can either have a valid or invalid conclusion; in
other words, the conclusion is very specific. On the other hand, an inductive
argument has more uncertain conclusions made from specific observations and also
relies on the premises being true. An example of a inductive argument would be: If I
leave work during rush hour, I will hit traffic; I left work during rush hour today, so I
will hit traffic. An example of an deductive argument would be: Every time I leave
work during rush hour, I hit traffic; I left work during rush hour, so I will hit traffic.
Source: Critical Thinking 10th Edition

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