Fortran+Training+Course V20140411 2day

Fortran Training Course
KISTI Supercomputing Center

http://www.ksc.re.kr
http://edu.ksc.re.kr
Reference Resources
http://seismic.yonsei.ac.kr/fortran/
http://www.cs.mtu.edu/~shene/COURSES/cs201/NOTES/fortran.html
http://ihlee.kriss.re.kr/compphys/f90module.htm
http://blog.npol.net/116
http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~cgp/f90course/f90.html
http://www.fortran.com/tutorials.html
Etc.
SUPERCOMPUTING EDUCATION CENTER
Agenda
1 Day
09:30
10:30
Environment Setup
10:30
10:40
Break
10:40
12:00
Fortran Introduction
Selective Statement
12:00
13:30
Lunch
13:30
14:50
Derived Data Type

Loop Statement
14:50
15:00
Break
15:00
16:30
Array
Agenda
2 Day
Dynamic Allocation
09:30
10:30
10:30
10:40
Break
10:40
12:00
Module
12:00
13:30
Lunch
13:30
14:40
Recursive
Subprogram
File I/O
14:40
14:50
Break
14:50
16:30
Advanced Lab
Summary & Closing
Index
2014-04-14
What is Fortran
Basic Grammar
Formatted Output
Selective Statement
Derived Data Type
Loop
Array, Dynamic Allocation, Array Function
Subprogram
Module
File I/O
Advanced Lab & Summary
Connect to edu system
Environment Setup
2014-04-14
Basic User Environment

L ogin
4

ssh, sftp, ftp, X11
U nix or Linux
$ ssh -l user_id xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
$ ssh -l user_id IP address
or
W indows
putty SSH Secure Shell Client ssh
Free Download Site :
http://www.putty.org/
Login to Education System

Host Name : xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (PuTTY Usage)

SSH -> X11 Tab - Enable X11 forwarding Check
X display location : localhost:0.0
Save
<Be careful>
Xming must be started

in XP or Win7

PuTTY Security Alert
Yes(Y) Click

login as : edun##
(## is your table number at the corner)
edun##@ xxx.xxx.xxx.xxxs password :
10

Login to lab node (s0001, s0002, s0003, s0004)
$ ssh s0003
GNU Fortran Compiler Selection
11
01. What is Fortran
What is Fortran
2014-04-14
12
What is Fortran?
FORmula () TRANslation ()

1950 IBM
(High Level Language)
C

1966 Fortran V (Fortran77) by ANSI, ISO
, (1980, ISO) FORTRAN 77
Fortran 90 (1991 , )
Fortran 95
Fortran 2003
13
Fortran

,

(legacy code)

,
, ,
Software Inertia
14
First Fortran Code

Hello, World
PROGRAM
HELLO
IMPLICIT NONE
Program
Name
WRITE (*, *) Hello, World
STOP
! [STOP] is optional
END PROGRAM HELLO
! [PROGRAM] [hello] is optional
$ gfortran o hello.x hello.f90

$ ./hello.x
15
16
02. Basic Fortran Grammar
Basic Fortran Grammar
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17
Fortran77 (1/2)
77
1 Column : c, * 2~72 column
1~5 Column : (1~99999), Optional
6 Column : (0, ),
Optional
7~72 :
73~80 Column : , Optional ( )
2~5
7~72
73~80
Total=x_value+y_value
&
C
9
+z_value
Comment line
9999
FORMAT(Answer =,I4)
18
Fortran77 (2/2)

72
5
6
1 ,
(6)

(Fortran90 )

() (Recursive) (Factorial)
COMMON , EQUIVALENCE
19
Fortran77
vs
Fortran90
Fortran90

Type Declaration attributing
New control structure
Numeric Processing
Dynamic Memory Allocation
Array Processing
Pointers

20
Example Code
Fortran77 Style (Fixed Format)
C234567890123456789012345678901234
C This is a Fortran 77 Style
PROGRAM ex2_f77
INTEGER
i
REAL
r
CHARACTER*10 str
i = 10
r = 20.0
str = I study Fortran90
C Show Messages
WRITE(*, *) 'i = ', i
WRITE(*, *) 'r = ', r
WRITE(*, *) 'str = ,
& str
Fortran90 Style (Free Format)

! This is a Fortran 90 Style
PROGRAM ex2_f90
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER :: i = 10
REAL :: r = 20.0
CHARACTER*10 :: str = I study Fortran90
WRITE(*, *) 'i = ', i
WRITE(*, *) 'r = ', r
WRITE(*, *) 'str = ', str
STOP
END
STOP
END
$ gfortran o ex2_f77.x ex2_f77.f

$ ./ex2_f77.x
$ gfortran o ex2_f90.x ex2_f90.f90

$ ./ex2_f90.x
21
Fortran 90
(http://www.comphys.uni-duisburg.de/Fortran90/pl/pl.html)
22
Fortran 90 Improved Syntax (1/3)

132
IBM XL Fortran 6700
;
!
&
31 ( )
IBM XL Fortran 250

.LT., .LE., .EQ., .NE., .GE., .GT. : Fortran77
<, <=, ==, /=, =>, >
: Fortran90
Fortran : /=
C/C++
: !=
23
Fortran 90 Improved Syntax (2/3)

Fortran 90
- : a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _ (underscore)
Symbol
Description
Symbol
Description
Space
Equal
Plus
Minus
Asterisk
Slash
Left parenthesis
Right parenthesis
Comma
Period
Single quote
Double quote
Colon
Semi colon
Shriek
&
Ampersand
Percent
<
Less than
>
Greater than
Dollar
Question mark
24
Fortran90 Improved Syntax (3/3)

Improved Syntax
Fortran90 Style
PROGRAM free_source_form
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL :: tx, ty, tz
! Trailing statements
tx=1.0 ; ty=2.0 ; tz=tx*ty
! Multiple statements
PRINT*, &
tx,ty,tz
! Continuation symbol on line to be continued
END PROGRAM free_source_form
25
Fortran90 Data Type, Variable (1/2)

Fortrans 5 Data Types
Size
Type
Description
Integer
4 Byte
Real
4 Byte
Character
Logical
4 Byte
Complex
4 Byte
(64bit OS)
Example
0, 120, -235, +32856

3.141592654,
123.45E0,
0.2353
1234.3E-3
1Byte ()
?Byte ()
Sunday
.TRUE. ,
.FALSE.
C = (1.4, 3.2)
26
Fortran90 Data Type, Variable (2/2)

Variable Declaration
INTEGER
REAL
CHARACTER(LEN=10)
or
CHARACTER(10)
:: score = 10, rank = 5

:: average, total = 10.23
:: str = ABCDEFGHI
:: str, msg*20
Fortran77
Fortran90
INTEGER n
IMPLICIT NONE
PARAMETER(n=1000)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: n=1000
INTEGER pixels(n, n), encode(n, n)
INTEGER, DIMENSION(n, n) :: pixels,
REAL x(n), y(n)
encode
INTEGER*8 call
REAL, DIMENSION(n) :: x, y
call = 0
INTEGER(8) :: call=0
27
Variable Names
Variable Naming Rule
Must be at least one alphabetic character long, up to a maximum of 6
alphanumeric characters (Fortran77)
Must start with an alphabetic character
Alphanumeric characters are : a-z,0-9 and the underscore (_)
Capital letters are treated the same way as lower-case letters
Valid
Invalid
X*Z
THEDAY
THE TIME
Min_cur
7YEARS
Time28
_no_way$
28
Assignment
<variable> = <value> | <variable>| <expression>
Expressions follow the BODMAS precedence rule
Operators +, -, *, /, **
Only round bracket
Assignment
radius = 2.5
y=z
test = value+loop-temp
volume = (4.0*pi*radius**3.0) / 3.0
29
Implicit None (F90)

I, J, K, L, M, N
, (INTEGER)
(REAL)
Fortran 90 IMPLICIT NONE

Ok
Not Ok
! Fortran77
! Fortran90
I = 10
K=5
J=I+K
IMPLICIT NONE
POW = 3.0
I = 10
K=5
J=I+K
! Error, Not declared

! Error , Not declared
! Error , Not declared
C/C++
30
Example Code
Fortran77
PROGRAM ex2a_f77
INTEGER i
REAL r
CHARACTER*10 str
i = 10
r = 20.0
str = '1234567890'
WRITE(*, *) 'i = ', i
WRITE(*, *) 'r = ', r
Fortran90
PROGRAM ex2a_f90
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER :: i = 10
REAL :: r = 20.0
CHARACTER*10 :: str = 1234567890
WRITE(*, *) 'i = ', i
WRITE(*, *) 'r = ', r
STOP
END
STOP
END
$ gfortran o ex2a_f77.x ex2a_f77.f

$ ./ex2a_f77.x
$ gfortran o ex2a_f90.x ex2a_f90.f90

$ ./ex2a_f90.x
31
Parameter
Parameter is constants(), their value, once defined, can not
be changed with new values
C/C++ const
Located in front of the Executable statement
Parameter type
REAL
gamma, pi
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: days = 365
! Fortran90 Style
PARAMETER(gamma=1.4, pi=3.14)
! Fortran77 Style
pi = pi * 3
! Error - Not allowed
days = days + 3
! Error Not allowed
32
Example Code
Fortran77
PROGRAM ex2b_f77
REAL r, area, pi
PARAMETER (pi=3.141592)
r=5
area = pi * r * r
Fortran90
PROGRAM ex2b_f90
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL :: r = 5, area
REAL, PARAMETER :: pi = 3.141592
pi = pi + 0.3
area = pi * r * r
WRITE (*, *) 'Area =', area

WRITE (*, *) 'Area =', area
STOP
END
STOP
END
$ gfortran -o ex2b_f77.x ex2b_f77.f

$ ./ex2b_f77.x
$ gfortran -o ex2b_f90.x ex2b_f90.f90

$ ./ex2b_f90.x
33
Operation
Fortran
B2 4AC B ** 2 4 * A * C
Data type
Integer 7 / 4 = 1
Real
7.0 / 4.0 = 1.75
Mixed-Mode Expressions
7.0 / 4 7.0 / 4.0 = 1.75
7.0 + 7 / 4 7.0 + 1.0 8.0
7 + 7.0 / 4 7 + 7.0 / 4.0 7 + 1.75 7.0 + 1.75 = 8.75
real, int, etc.
34
03. Formatted Output
Formatted Output
2014-04-14
35
Formatted Output
Fortran /
:
:
Fortran
PRINT :
WRITE
PRINT
PRINT
* () :

FORMAT ( 1 ~ 99999 )
36
Formatted Output
Edit Descriptions
Purpose
Aw
Iw
Iw.m
Fw.d
10
Ew.d
Ew.dEe
ESw.d
ESw.dEe
ENw.d
ENw.dEe
nX
(New Line)
Tc
Tab
w : ( )
m : ()
d : ()
e : ()
x, n, c :
37
Formatted Output -
( I )
INTEGER :: alpha = 5, beta = 5290, gamma = -32768
WRITE (*, 200) '1234567890123456789012345678901234567890'
WRITE (*, 100) alpha, alpha-5, beta, gamma
100 FORMAT (1X, 2I5, I7, I10)
101 FORMAT (1X, 2I5.2, I7, I10.7)
102 FORMAT (1X, 2I5.0, I7, I10)
200 FORMAT(A)
! 2I5
is same
I5, I5
38
Example Code
Fortran90
PROGRAM ex8a
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER :: alpha = 5, beta = 5290, gamma = -32768
WRITE (*, 200) '1234567890123456789012345678901234567890'
100
101
102
200
FORMAT (1X, 2I5, I7, I10)

FORMAT (1X, 2I5.2, I7, I10.7)
FORMAT (1X, 2I5.0, I7, I10)
FORMAT(A)
! 2I5
is same
I5, I5
(Repetion Indicatior)
STOP
END
$ gfortran o ex8a.x ex8a.f90
$ ./ex8a.x
39
Formatted Output -
( F, E, ES, EN )
INTEGER :: red = 127, blue = -23
REAL :: a = 8.3, b = .231, c = 238.129
WRITE (*, 200) '1234567890123456789012345678901234567890'
WRITE (*, 100) red, blue, a, b, c
100 FORMAT (1X, 2I4, 2F6.3, F8.3)
200 FORMAT(A)
F8.3
.
40
Example Code
Fortran90
PROGRAM ex8b
IMPLICIT NONE
, 0, , d , E, 4
INTEGER :: red = 127, blue = -23
REAL :: a = 8.3, b = .231, c = 238.129
REAL :: alpha = .12345E8, beta = .0139, gamma = -4.5E-12
WRITE (*, 200) '1234567890123456789012345678901234567890'
WRITE (*, 100) red, blue, a, b, c
WRITE (*, 101) alpha, beta, gamma
100 FORMAT (1X, 2I4, 2F6.3, F8.3)
101 FORMAT (1X, 2E15.5, E15.4)
200 FORMAT(A)
Result
STOP
END
$ gfortran o ex8b.x ex8b.f90
$ ./ex8b.x
41
Formatted Output -
( A )
REAL :: x = 0.4, y = 8.7
WRITE (*, 100) x = , x, y = , y
100 FORMAT (2X, A, F6.2, ,2X,A, F6.2)
! 2X is two spaces

x
42
Formatted Output -
Format

character*20 A
A =format test
write(*, 100) A
100 format(a20)
D
E ()
F () F( D, E) Fw.d (w: , d:
)
I
/ : /
write(*, 400) (ii(j), j=1,4)

400 format(4(i2,/))
x
43
Example Code
Fortran90
PROGRAM ex2c_format
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER :: i = 10, tt = 128
REAL :: rr = 3.141592654
CHARACTER*10 :: str = '1234567890'
WRITE(*, *) 'i = ', i
WRITE(*, 100) 'rr = ', rr
100 FORMAT(A, F13.6)
WRITE(*, 200) 'str = ', str
200 FORMAT(A, A20)
WRITE(*, 300) tt, tt
300 FORMAT(2(I3, /))
! / is new line

301 FORMAT(I4, 5X, I4)
! 5X is five spaces

302 FORMAT(2I4)
! (2I4) = (I4, I4)
STOP
END
$ gfortran o ex2c_format.x ex2c_format.f90

$ ./ex2c_format.x
44
03. Selective Statement
Selective Statement
2014-04-14
45
Relational Expression
Logical return with True or False value
Left to right order
Operator
Math
.LT.
Less than
A .LT. B
.LE.
<=
Less than or equal to
A .LE. B
.EQ.
Equal to
A .EQ. B
.NE.
/=
Not Equal to
A .NE. B
.GT.
Greater than
A .GT. B
.GE.
>=
Greater than or equal to
A .GE. B
Meaning
e.g.
46
Logical Expression
Complex conditions
Order : .NOT.
.AND.
.OR.
.TRUE. and .FALSE.
.EQV. .NEQV.
Operator
Meaning
e.g.
.NOT.
.NOT. A
.AND.
A .AND. B
.OR.
A .OR. B
A, B ,
.EQV.
A .EQV. B
A, B
.NEQV.
Results
A ,
A, B ,
A .NEQV. B A, B
47
Control Structure

(branches structure)

IF, GOTO
(loops structure)

DO ~ CONTINUE, GOTO IF
STOP :
CALL :
RETURN :
END :
48
IF Statement (1/3)
Logical IF statement
.
IF (expression) statement
IF
IF (expression) THEN
statement
...
ENDIF
Example Code
IF (num .LT. 0) num = -num
IF (num .LT. 0) THEN
num = -num
num = num + 2
ENDIF
49
Example Code
Fortran90
PROGRAM ex3a
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER :: num = -3
! Fortran90 Style
WRITE(*, *) 'Before num = ', num

IF (num .LT. 0)
num = -num
WRITE(*, *) 'After num = ', num

IF (num > 0) THEN
WRITE (*, *) 'Num > 0'
END IF
> == .GT.
STOP
END
$ gfortran -o ex3a.x ex3a.f90
$ ./ex3a.x
50
If Statement (2/3)
Block IF statement ( )
IF (expression1) THEN
statements
ELSEIF (expression2) THEN
statements
ENDIF
Example Code
IF (a > b) THEN
max = a
ELSEIF (b < a) THEN
min = b
ENDIF
51
Example Code
Fortran90
PROGRAM ex3b
IMPLICIT NONE
WRITE(*, *) 'min = ', min

WRITE(*, *) 'max = ', max
INTEGER :: a = 10, b = 20
INTEGER min, max
IF (a > b) THEN
max = a
min = b
ELSEIF (a < b) THEN
max = b
min = a
ELSE
min = a
max = a
ENDIF
STOP
END
$ gfortran o ex3b.x ex3b.f90

$ ./ex3b.x
52
If Statement (3/3)
Arithmetic IF statement
IF(expression) Negative, Zero, Positive
Expression (+),(-),(0) .
53
Example Code
Fortran90
PROGRAM ex3c
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER :: NUM = 100
IF (NUM-100) 10, 20, 30
10 PRINT *,'NUM is less than 100.'
GO TO 40
20 PRINT *,'NUM equals 100.'
GO TO 40
30 PRINT *,'NUM is greater than 100.'
40 CONTINUE
STOP
END
$ gfortran o ex3c.x ex3c.f90
$ ./ex3c.x
54
Example Code (Quadratic Equation)

Fortran90
PROGRAM quadratic_equation
IMPLICIT NONE
ELSE
WRITE(*, *) "There are no real roots"
END IF
REAL :: a, b, c, delta, z1, z2

WRITE(*, *) "Enter a, b, c"
READ(*, *) a, b, c
STOP
END
delta = b**2 - 4 * a * c
IF (delta >= 0) THEN
delta = SQRT(delta)
Ax2 + Bx + C = 0
B B2 4 AC
2A
z1 = (-b + delta) / (2.0 * a)

z2 = (-b - delta) / (2.0 * a)
WRITE(*, *) "The roots = ", z1, z2
$ gfortran -o quadratic_equation.x -Wall quadratic_equation.f90
$ ./quadratic_equation.x
55
Select-Case
SELECT-CASE (Fortran90)
IF
IF
Expression integer, character, logical
SELECT CASE (expression)

CASE(value-list)
statements
CASE(value-list)
statements
END SELECT
56
Example Code
Fortran90
PROGRAM ex3d
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER :: n, k
WRITE (*, *) 'Enter the value n = '
READ *, n
SELECT CASE (n)
CASE ( :0 )
! ~ 0
k = -n
CASE ( 10: )
k = n + 10
CASE DEFAULT
k=n
END SELECT
! 10 ~
! 0 ~ 10
WRITE (*, *) k = , k
END
$ gfortran o ex3d.x ex3d.f90

$ ./ex3d.x
57
04. Derived Data Type
Derived Data Type
2014-04-14
58
58
Derived Data Type

Derived Data Type
TYPE COORDS_3D
REAL :: x, y, z
END TYPE COORDS_3D
TYPE (COORDS_3D) :: var
var%x = 10
TYPE (COORDS_3D), DIMENSION(10), TARGET :: var_arr
var_arr(1)%x = 10
TYPE/END TYPE
attribute(dimension, allocatable, target, intent,..)
PARAMETER attribute
:
Derived Data Type
59
Derived Data Type

derived type derived type
TYPE COORDS_3D
REAL :: x, y, z
END TYPE COORDS_3D
TYPE SPHERE
TYPE ( COORDS_3D ) :: center
REAL
:: radius
END TYPE SPHERE
TYPE ( SPHERE ) :: s_var
s_var%center%x
s_var%center%y
s_var%center%z
s_var%radius
60
Derived Data Type

Derived Data Type
1. %
s_var%center%x = 10.0
s_var%radius = 5.0
2. Derived data type

TYPE( COORDS_3D ) :: var
var
= COORDS_3D(1.0, 2.0, 3.0)
s_var%center = COORDS_3D(1.0, 2.0, 3.0)
s_var
= SPHERE(COORDS_3D(1.0, 2.0, 3.0), 4.0)
s_var
= (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0) ( X )
61
Derived Data Type

Derived Data Type
TYPE SCORE
CHARACTER ( LEN = 10 )
INTEGER, DIMENSION(2,2)
END TYPE SCORE
:: name
:: record
TYPE(SCORE), DIMENSION(20)
:: teamA
teamA(1)%record(2,2)
teamA(4)%record(:, :)
teamA(:)%record(1,2)
Allocatable or pointer
62
Derived Data Type

derived_data_type.f90
PROGRAM derived_data_type
TYPE POINT
REAL :: x,y
END TYPE POINT
TYPE(POINT) :: a, b
REAL :: c = 0.0
a = POINT(1.0,1.0)
b = POINT(2.0,2.0)
c = SQRT((a%x-b%x) * (a%x-b%x) + (a%y-b%y) * (a%y-b%y))
PRINT *, "a=", a, "b=", b, "c=", c
END PROGRAM derived_data_type
gfortran -o derived_data_type .x derived_data_type.f90
63
05. Loop Statement
Loop Statement
2014-04-14
64
Do Loops (1/5) F77

, C/C++ for
Fortran 77 Loop, Do-loop
label
DO label, variable = e1, e2, e3

{block of statement}
CONTINUE
Label :
Variable : ( )
e1:, e2: (, ,, )
e3: ( )
Example Code (Fortran77)

PROGRAM ex4a_f77_do
INTEGER i, total
total = 0
DO 100 i = 1, 100
total = total + i
100 CONTINUE
WRITE (*, *) total = , total
END
65
Do Loops (2/5) F90

Loops in Fortran90
DO variable = e1, e2, e3
{block of statement}
ENDDO
Variable : ( )
e1:, e2: (, ,, )
e3: ( or ), 1
PROGRAM ex4a_do
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER :: i, total = 0
DO i = 1, 100
total = total + i
ENDDO
END
66
Do Loops (3/5) F90

Loops & IF in Fortran90 ( DO 1)
DO
statements
IF (expression) exit
statements
ENDDO
DO ~ ENDDO IF

PROGRAM ex4b_do
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER :: i = 0, total = 0
DO
total = total + i
IF (i > 100) exit
i=i+1
ENDDO
END
67
Do Loops (4/5) F90

Loops & While in Fortran90 ( DO 2)
DO WHILE (expression)
statements
ENDDO
WHILE

PROGRAM do_while
IMPLICIT NONE
DO WHILE( i <= 100 )
total = total + i
i=i+1
ENDDO
END
68
Do Loops (5/5) F90

Loops & IF in Fortran90
DO
statements1
IF (expression) cycle
statements2
ENDDO
cycle C/C++
continue
DO ~ ENDDO IF statements1 ,
statements2

PROGRAM ex4c_do
IMPLICIT NONE
DO
i=i+1
IF ( i > 100) exit
IF (MOD(i, 2) == 0) cycle
total = total + i
ENDDO
END
69
Go To

GO TO (label 1 , label 2 , , label n) integer-expression
label 1, label2:
integer-expression :
integer-expression=1 label1 (goto label1)
integer-expression=2 label1 (goto label2)
integer-expression GOTO
70
Example Code
Fortran90
PROGRAM gugudan
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER :: i, j, first, last, result
WRITE (*, *) 'Enter the two numbers (ex) 3 9 : '
READ *, first, last
DO i = 1, first
DO j = 1, last
result = i * j
IF (result /= 0) THEN
WRITE (*, *) i, '*', j, '=', result
END IF
END DO
END DO
END
$ gfortran -o gugudan.x gugudan.f90
$ ./gugudan.x
71
72
06. Array, Dynamic Allocation
Array, Dynamic Allocation
2014-04-14
73
Array (1/5) F77

FORTRAN77
REAL a, b, c
DIMENSION a(100), b(10, 10), c(2, 3, 4)
or
REAL a(100), b(10, 10), c(2, 3, 4)
! Recommend
C/C++ Array
int ar[10];
Index ar[0] ~
a[9]
Index default 1
V(c1:c2) : c1 , c2
Multi-dimensional array 7D
C
74
Example Code (F77 Style)

Fortran77
PROGRAM ex5a_f77_array
INTEGER
INTEGER
i, j
buf(3, 3)
DO 20 i = 1, 3
DO 10 j = 1, 3
buf(i, j) = i * j
WRITE(*, *) 'buf(', i, ',', j, ') = ', buf(i, j)
10
CONTINUE
20 CONTINUE
END
$ gfortran o ex5a_f77_array.x ex5a_f77_array.f90

$ ./ex5a_f77_array.x
75
Array (2/5) F77

Array
INTEGER ar(10)
REAL ar(0:19)
DOUBLE ar(-100:100)
! ar(1), ar(2), , ar(10)

! ar(0), ar(1), , ar(19)
! ar(-100), ar(0), , ar(100)
INTEGER max
PARAMETER (max=100)
REAL buf(max, max)
76

Fortran77
PROGRAM ex5b_f77_array
INTEGER
i, j, max
PARAMETER (max=3)
INTEGER buf(max, max)
DO 20 i = 1, max
DO 10 j = 1, max
buf(i, j) = i * j
10
CONTINUE
20 CONTINUE
END
$ gfortran o ex5b_f77_array.x ex5b_f77_array.f90

$ ./ex5b_f77_array.x
77
Array (3/5) F90

FORTRAN90
INTEGER, DIMENSION(100) :: ar
! ar(1), ar(2), , ar(10)
REAL, DIMENSION(0:19) :: ar
! ar(0), ar(1), , ar(19)
DOUBLE, DIMENSION(-100:100) :: ar
! ar(-100), ar(0), , ar(100)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: max = 100

REAL, DIMENSION(max, max) :: buf
INTEGER, DIMENSION(100, 100) :: a, b, c
REAL :: array(5,6,7), scalar, vector(100) ! Declare array, scalar, vector
INTEGER :: buf(5) = ( / 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 / ) ! Set initial value
CHARACTER(LEN=3), PARAMETER :: day(0:6) = &
( / Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat / )
78

Fortran90
PROGRAM ex5c
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER
i, j
INTEGER, PARAMETER ::
max=3
INTEGER, DIMENSION(max, max) :: buf
DO i = 1, max
DO j = 1, max
buf(i, j) = i * j
ENDDO
ENDDO
STOP
END
$ gfortran o ex5c.x ex5c.f90
$ ./ex5c.x
79
Array (4/5) Fortran & C Memory

FORTRAN Array Memory Address ()
Fortran
C
int a[3][3];
INTEGER, DIMENSION(0:2, 0:2) :: a
a(0,0)
a(0,1)
a(0,2)
1000
1012
a(1,0)
Memory
Address
a(0,0)
a(0,1)
a(0,2)
1024
1000
1004
1008
a(1,1)
a(1,2)
a(1,0)
a(1,1)
a(1,2)
1004
1016
1028
1012
1016
1020
a(2,0)
a(2,1)
a(2,2)
a(2,0)
a(2,1)
a(2,2)
1008
1020
1032
1024
1028
1032
DO i=0, 2
DO j=0, 2
a(j, i) = ?
END DO
END DO
for (i=0; i<3; i++)

for (j=0; j<3; j++)
a(i, j) = ?
80
Example Code
Before
After
PROGRAM ex5d_before
PROGRAM ex5d_after
IMPLICIT NONE
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER
i, j
INTEGER
i, j
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: max=10000
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: max=10000
DO i=1, max
DO j=1, max
DO j=1, max
DO i=1, max
buf(i, j) = i * j
buf(i, j) = i * j
! WRITE(*, *) 'buf(', i, ',', j, ') = ', buf(i, j)
! WRITE(*, *) 'buf(', i, ',', j, ') = , & buf(i, j)
ENDDO
ENDDO
ENDDO
ENDDO
STOP
STOP
END
END
$ gfortran o ex5d_before.x ex5d_before.f90

$ time ./ex5d_before.x
$ gfortran o ex5d_after.x ex5d_after.f90

$ time ./ex5d_after.x
81
Array (5/5) F90 Array Intrinsic Functions

Array Functions
description
ALLOCATED(A)
A logical function which indicates if the array is allocated.

( return .TRUE. or .FALSE. )
DOT_PRODUCT(A,
B)
Returns the dot product of the elements in the array A and B
MAXVAL(A)
Returns the largest value in the array A
MAXLOC(A)
Returns the location(index) of largest value in the array A
MINVAL(A)
Returns the smallest value in the array A
MINLOC(A)
Returns the location(index) of smallest value in the array A
PRODUCT(A)
Returns the product of all the elements in the array A
SIZE(A)
A function which returns the number of elements in an array A
SUM(A)
Returns the sum of all the elements in the array A
82
Data (1/2)

DATA nlist /clist/, nlist /clist/ ..

nlist : ,,
clist : nlist ,
DATA
DATA , .
nlist clist :
clist type nlist type .
nlist clist
.
83
Data (2/2)
Example
A = 10.5
B = 21.3
C = IN
D ATA A / 1 0 . 5 / , B / 2 1 . 3 / , C / I N /
D ATA A , B , C / 1 0 . 5 , 2 1 . 3 , I N /
or
DIMENSION a(5)
D ATA a / 1 . 0 , 2 . 0 , 3 . 0 , 4 . 0 , 5 . 0 /
DIMENSION b(10)
D ATA b / 5 * 1 2 . 0 , 5 * 2 1 . 0 /
DIMENSION d(5)
D ATA d ( 2 ) , d ( 3 ) , ( d ( i ) , i = 4 , 5 ) / 11 . 0 , 2 2 . 0 , 3 3 . 0 , 4 4 . 0 /
84
Allocatable Array F90

(Allocatable Array)
REAL, DIMENSION(:, :), ALLOCABABLE :: buf
ALLOCATE(buf(10, 10))
! allocate memory
...
DEALLOCATE(buf)
! free memory
C/C++
malloc(),
free()
REAL, TARGET :: B(100,100)

REAL, POINTER :: U(:,:),V(:)
....
U => B
.
! B target .
!
! U B aliasing
85
Example Code
Fortran90
PROGRAM ex5e_dyalc
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER
i, j
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: max = 50000
INTEGER, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:, :) :: buf
ALLOCATE(buf(max, max))
DO j = 1, max
DO i = 1, max
buf(i, j) = i * j
ENDDO
ENDDO
DEALLOCATE(buf)
END
$ gfortran o ex5e_dyalc.x ex5e_dyalc.f90
$ ./ex5e_dyalc.x
86
Example Code
Fortran90
PROGRAM ex5f_pointer
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, POINTER
REAL, TARGET
REAL, DIMENSION(:), POINTER
REAL, DIMENSION(3), TARGET
::
::
::
::
b = (/1.0, 2.0, 3.0/)
ptr1
num = 3.0
ptr2
b
! b(1) = 1.0; b(2) = 2.0; b(3) = 3.0
ptr1 => num

ptr2 => b
PRINT *, 'num =', num
PRINT *, 'ptr1 =', ptr1
PRINT *, 'b(1)=', b(1), 'b(2)=', b(2), 'b(3)=', b(3)
PRINT *, 'ptr2 =', ptr2(1), ptr2(2), ptr2(3)
PRINT *, 'size of b(3) is', size(b)
PRINT *, 'sum of b(3) is', sum(b)
STOP
END
$ gfortran -o ex5f_pointer.x ex5f_pointer.f90
$ ./ex5f_pointer.x
87
etc.
Implied DO, where construct
2014-04-14
88
Implied DO
DO
A(5)
WRITE(*,*) (a(i), i=1, 5, 1)
READ(*,*) (a(i), i=1, 5)
DO
89
Where Construct
Where
where (expression)
statements
elsewhere
! optional...
statements
end where
.
90
Example Code
Reverse Array
PROGRAM Reverse
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: SIZE = 30
INTEGER, DIMENSION(1:SIZE) :: a
INTEGER
:: Head, Tail
INTEGER
:: Temp, i, n
READ(*,*) n
READ(*,*) (a(i), i = 1, n)
WRITE(*,*) "Input array:"
WRITE(*,*) (a(i), i = 1, n)
Head = 1 ; Tail = n
DO
IF (Head >= Tail) EXIT
Temp = a(Head)
a(Head) = a(Tail) ; a(Tail) = Temp
Head = Head + 1
Tail = Tail - 1
END DO
WRITE(*,*)
WRITE(*,*) "Reversed array:"
WRITE(*,*) (a(i), i = 1, n)
! maximum array size

! input array
! pointer moving forward and backward
! read in the input array
! display the input array
! start with the beginning and with the end
! for each pair...
! if Head crosses Tail, exit
! otherwise, swap them
! move forward
! move backward
! loop back
! display the result
END PROGRAM Reversed

$ gfortran -o ex_reverse.x ex_reverse.f90
$ ./ex_reverse.x
91
Example Code
Array Operation
PROGRAM ARRAY2
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER I,J
REAL, DIMENSION (10) :: A=(/(J,J=1,10)/), B, C
REAL CSUM,CMAX,CMIN,AVERAGE
DATA B/3*1.,4*2.,3*3./
C=A+B
CSUM=SUM(C) ; CMIN=MINVAL(C) ; CMAX=MAXVAL(C)
AVERAGE=CSUM/10
WRITE(*,*) ' RESULTS FOR FULL C ARRAY'
WRITE(6,2000)AVERAGE,CMIN,CMAX
2000 FORMAT(' AVERAGE OF ALL ELEMENTS IN C = ',
F8.3,/,' MINIMUM OF ALL ELEMENTS IN C = ', F8.3,/, &
' MAXIMUM OF ALL ELEMENTS IN C = ', F8.3)
WRITE(6,2001) C
2001 FORMAT(' C = ',/,(8E10.2))
C(1)=0. ;
C(10)=0.
C(2:9)=A(2:9)+B(2:9)
CSUM=SUM(C(2:9))
CMIN=MINVAL(C(2:9))
AVERAGE=CSUM/8
WRITE(*,'(//,'' RESULTS FOR ELEMENTS 2 THROUGH 9
OF C'')')
WRITE(6,2002)AVERAGE,CMIN,CMAX
2002 FORMAT(' AVERAGE OF SELECTED ELEMENTS IN C =
', F8.3,/,' MINIMUM OF SELECTED ELEMENTS IN C = ',
F8.3,/, &
' MAXIMUM OF SELECTED ELEMENTS IN C = ', F8.3)
WRITE(6,2003) C(2:9)
2003 FORMAT(' C = ',/,(1P,8E10.2))
A(4)=-1.0
WHERE (A.GT.0)
C=LOG(A)
ELSE WHERE
C=0.
END WHERE
PRINT *
WRITE(6,*) ' RESULTS OF LOG(A)'
WRITE(6,2004) C
2004 FORMAT(' C = ',/,(1P,8E10.2))
STOP
END
gfortran -o arr_op.x arr_op.f90

./arr_op.x
92
93
07. Subprogram
Subprogram
2014-04-14
94
Subprogram (1/3)
Subprogram

( )
subprogram .
subroutine
library function
subprogram
statement function
function
User defined function
function
95
Subprogram (2/3)
Subroutine & Function
Subroutine
Function
(call)
Function
return
function
return
96
Subprogram (3/3)
Subroutine & function
Subroutine
INTEGER :: m = 1, n = 2
CALL SWAP(m, n)
SUBROUTINE SWAP(a, b)
INTEGER a, b
Function
INTEGER :: m = 1, n = 2, total, myadd
total = myadd(m, n)
INTEGER FUNCTION myadd (a, b)

INTEGER a, b
INTEGER c
c=a
a=b
b=c
myadd = a + b
RETURN
END
RETURN
END
97
Intrinsic Function (1/2)

Math Function
Name
SIN, COS, TAN
Meaning
Sine,cosine,
tangent
e.g.
Mathematical
expression
Y=SIN(X)
y = sin x
y= x
SQRT
Y=SQRT(X)
MOD
X=MOD(A,B)
EXP
Y=EXP(X)
ABS,IABS
Y=ABS(X)
ALOG
Y=ALOG(X)
ALOG10
Y=ALOG10(X)
y= x
y = ln x
y = log x
98
Intrinsic Function (2/2)

Transform Function
Name
Meaning
e.g.
INT
->
K=INT(X)
REAL
->
Y=REAL(J)
FLOAT
->
Y=FLOAT(J)
DBLE
->
Y=DLBE(J)
ICHAR
->
K=ICHAR(C)
CHAR
->
C=CHAR(K)
MOD
Y=MOD(X,Y)
X Y
MAX (MIN)
()
j=MAX(i1,i2,i3)
FLOOR
FLOOR(x)
i1,i2,i3 ( )
X
99
Common
(Global)
, ( )

,
PROGRAM ex6a_f77_common
INTEGER bufsize, n
PARAMETER (bufsize=10)
REAL a(bufsize, bufsize)
COMMON /apple/ a, n, bufsize
END
SUBROUTINE sub()
INTEGER bufsize, n
PARAMETER (bufsize=10)
REAL a(bufsize, bufsize)
COMMON /apple/ a, n, bufsize
..
END SUBROUTINE
100
Example Code (1/2)

Fortran90
PROGRAM ex6a_subroutine
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER a, b
COMMON a, b
tmp = c
c=d
d = tmp
END SUBROUTINE
a=1
b=2
WRITE(*, 100) 'Before swap: ', a, b
100 FORMAT(A, I2, I2)
CALL swap
WRITE(*, 100) 'After swap: ', a, b
END
SUBROUTINE swap
INTEGER c, d
INTEGER tmp
COMMON c, d
$ gfortran -o ex6a_subroutine.x ex6a_subroutine.f90

$ ./ex6a_subroutine.x
101
Example Code (2/2)

Fortran90
PROGRAM ex6b_function
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER :: a = 1, b = 2, myadd
INTEGER total
total = myadd(a, b)
WRITE (*, *) 'a + b = ', total
END
INTEGER FUNCTION myadd (c, d)
INTEGER c, d
myadd = c + d
RETURN
END
$ gfortran o ex6b_function.x ex6b_function.f90
$ ./ex6b_function.x
102
Example Code 2
Fortran90
PROGRAM ex6c_function
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER :: a = 1, b = 2, myadd, added_op
INTEGER total,total2
total = myadd(a, b)
WRITE (*, *) 'a + b = ', total
total2 = added_op(myadd, b)
write (*,*) 'a + b + b = ', total2
END
FUNCTION myadd(c, d)
INTEGER c, d
integer myadd
myadd = c + d
END function
function added_op(a,b)
integer a,b,added_op
added_op = a(1,2)+b
end function
$ gfortran o ex6b_function.x ex6b_function.f90
$ ./ex6b_function.x
103
Modules
Subprograms
, Subprogram,
USE Module


! MODULE EXAM - SUBPROGRAM
!USING MODULE
MODULE ModuleName
USE ModuleName
CONTAINS
Subprogram 1
Subprogram 2
Subprogram n
USE ModuleName, ONLY : List
END MODULE ModuleName
104
Modules
INTENT Attribute

,
in, out, inout
INTENT(in)
INTENT(out)
INTENT(inout)
105
Example Code (1/2)

temp_conversion_1.f90
PROGRAM Temp_Conversion_1
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL :: F_Temp, C_Temp
CHARACTER(1) :: Response
DO
! Get a Fahrenheit temperature
WRITE (*, '(1X, A) ', ADVANCE = "NO") &
"Enter a Fahrenheit temperature:"
READ *, F_Temp
!Use the function Fahr_to_Celsius to convert it to Celsius
C_Temp = Fahr_to_Celsius(F_Temp)
"More temperature to convert(Y or N)?:"

READ *, Response
IF (Response /="Y") EXIT
END DO
CONTAINS
FUNCTION Fahr_to_Celsius(Temp)
REAL :: Fahr_to_Celsius
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: Temp
Fahr_to_Celsius = (Temp - 32.0) / 1.8
END FUNCTION Fahr_to_Celsius
END PROGRAM Temp_Conversion_1
! Output the result

PRINT '(1X, 2(F6.2, A))', F_Temp, &
" in Fahrenheit is equivalent to ", C_Temp, " in Celsius"
gfortran -o temp_conversion_1.x temp_conversion_1.f90

./temp_conversion_1.x
106
Example Code (2/2)

temp_conversion_2.f90
Temperature_Library.f90
PROGRAM Temp_Conversion_2
MODULE Temperature_Library
USE Temperature_Library
IMPLICIT NONE
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL :: F_Temp, C_Temp
CONTAINS
! Function to convert a Fahrenheit temperature to Celsius.
FUNCTION Fahr_to_Celsius(Temp)
REAL::Fahr_to_Celsius
! Get a Fahrenheit temperature

"Enter a Fahrenheit temperature:"
READ *, F_Temp
!Use the function Fahr_to_Celsius to convert it to Celsius
C_Temp = Fahr_to_Celsius(F_Temp)
! Output the result
PRINT '(1X, 2(F6.2, A))', F_Temp, &
" in Fahrenheit is equivalent to ", C_Temp, " in Celsius"
END PROGRAM Temp_Conversion_2
Fahr_to_Celsius = (Temp - 32.0) / 1.8

END FUNCTION Fahr_to_Celsius
! Function to convert a Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit.
Function Celsius_to_Fahr(Temp)
REAL::Celsius_to_Fahr
Celsius_to_Fahr = 1.8 * Temp + 32.0
END FUNCTION Celsius_to_Fahr
END MODULE Temperature_Library
gfortran -c Temperature_Library.f90
( Temperature_Library.mod , Temperature_Library.o )
gfortran -o temp_conversion_2.x temp_conversion_2.f90 Temperature_Library.o
./temp_conversion_2.x
107
Module [Compile & Link Process]
Program
Source
File
Fortran 90
Compiler
Program
Object
File
Linker
Module
Source
File
Fortran 90
Compiler
Program
Executable
File
Module
Object
File
108
Recursion

Fortran90
RECURSIVE
recursion RESULT
I N T E G E R R E C U R S I V E F U N C T I O N f a c t ( n ) R E S U LT ( n _ f a c t )
R E C U R S I V E I N T E G E R F U N C T I O N f a c t ( n ) R E S U LT ( n _ f a c t )
R E C U R S I V E F U N C T I O N f a c t ( n ) R E S U LT ( n _ f a c t )
INTEGER :: n_fact
109
Recursion

Subprogram Subprogram
Factorial(5)
n
5
Fact
120
= n * Factorial(n - 1)
Factorial(4)
n
4
Fact
24
Factorial(3)
n
3
Fact
6
Factorial(2)
n
2
Fact
2
Factorial(1)
n
1
Fact
1
Factorial(0)
n
0
Fact
1
120
=1
110
Example Code
factorial_recursive.f90
PROGRAM Factorial_recursive
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER :: Fact, Res
DO
WRITE (*,'(1X, A)',ADVANCE = "NO") &
"Enter the Factorial Number : "
READ *, Fact
Res = Factorial(Fact)
PRINT *, "Factorial Number(", Fact, ") : ",Res
"More temperature to convert(Y or N)?:"
READ *, Response
IF (Response /="Y") EXIT
END DO
CONTAINS
RECURSIVE FUNCTION Factorial(n) RESULT(Fact)
INTEGER :: Fact
INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: n
IF (n==0) THEN
Fact = 1
ELSE
Fact = n * Factorial(n-1)
END IF
END FUNCTION Factorial
END PROGRAM Factorial_recursive
gfortran -o factorial_recursive.x factorial_recursive.f90

./factorial_recursive.x
111
08. File I/O
File I/O
2014-04-14
112
Input / Output (1/4)

I/O statements
Line
READ(UNIT=n,FMT=f,END=label,ERR=label) input data-list

WRITE(UNIT=n,FMT=f,END=label,ERR=label) output data-list
UNIT = : /
* : (/)
5 (Standard Input), 6 (Standard Output)
FMT = Format()
* : /, ,
Error ()
ERR :
END :
113

(File I/O)
Line
OPEN(UNIT=12,FILE=MY.TXT,STATUS=OLD,ACTION=READ,
POSITION=REWIND,IOSTAT=status)
UNIT : (9 ~ 99),
FILE :
STATUS : NEW(), OLD(),

REPLACE(NEW+OLD)
ACTION : READ, WRITE, READWRITE()
POSITION : REWIND(), APPEND(), ASIS( )
IOSTAT : 0 Successful Open, Not 0 - Error
CLOSE(UNIT=12)
114

Example
Input/Output
READ(*,*) A,B,C
READ(UNIT=5,FMT=*,ERR=50,END=70) A,B,C
READ *, A,B,C
READ(5,10) A,B,C
10 FORMAT(1X,3I4)
READ(5,(1X,3I4)) A,B,C
WRITE(*,*) A,B,C
WRITE(6,30) A+X,B+Y,C+Z
WRITE(6,*) THE VALUE OF THE OUTPUT, A,B,C
115
Example Code (3/4)

Fortran90
PROGRAM ex7a_read
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL A, B, C
WRITE(*, *) 'Please input A, B, C : ex) 1.1 2.2 3.3'
READ(*, *) A, B, C
WRITE(*, 10) A, B, C
10 FORMAT(F4.1, F5.2, F6.3)
STOP
END
$ gfortran o ex7a_read.x ex7a_read.f90

$ ./ex7a_read.x
116
Example Code (4/4)

Fortran90
PROGRAM ex7b_fileio
IMPLICIT NONE
100 FORMAT(3(F10.4))
DO i=1, n
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: nmax = 1000

INTEGER n, i
REAL x(nmax), y(nmax), z(nmax)
! Open the data file
OPEN(10, FILE='points.dat', STATUS='OLD', POSITION='REWIND')
OPEN(20, FILE='result.dat', STATUS=REPLACE')
READ(10, *) n
WRITE(*, *) n
WRITE(20, *) n
IF (n > nmax) THEN
WRITE(*, *) 'Error: n = ', 'is larger than nmax =', nmax
GOTO 9999
ENDIF
DO i=1, n
read(10, 100) x(i), y(i), z(i)
ENDDO
$ vim points.dat
$ gfortran -o ex7b_fileio.x ex7b_fileio.f90
WRITE(*, 200) x(i), y(i), z(i)

WRITE(20, 200) x(i), y(i), z(i)
END DO
200 FORMAT(3(F10.4))
WRITE(*,*) '------------------------------'
WRITE(20, *) '------------------------------'
CLOSE(10)
CLOSE(20)
9999 STOP
END
points.dat
3
1.0, 2.0, 3.0
4.0, 5.0, 6.0
7.0, 8.0, 9.0
$ ./ex7b_fileio.x
$ cat result.dat
117
118
09. Advanced Lab & Summary
Advanced Lab & Summary
2014-04-14
119
Advanced Lab #1 (1/2)

<Problem>
Monte carlo simulation
Random number use
PI = 4 Ac/As
120
Advanced Lab #1 (2/2)

PROGRAM PI_MC
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER :: i, scope = 10000000
REAL :: x, y, z, pi, z1, in_count = 0.0, out_count = 0.0
! Get Random
CALL INIT_RANDOM_SEED()
DO i=0, scope-1
CALL RANDOM_NUMBER(x)
CALL RANDOM_NUMBER(y)
z=x*x+ y*y
z1 = SQRT(z)
IF (z1 <= 1) THEN
in_count = in_count + 1
ELSE
out_count = out_count + 1
ENDIF
SUBROUTINE INIT_RANDOM_SEED()
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER
:: i, n, clock
INTEGER, DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: seed
CALL RANDOM_SEED(size = n)
ALLOCATE(seed(n))
CALL SYSTEM_CLOCK(COUNT=clock)
seed = clock + 37 *
(/ (i - 1, i = 1, n) /)
CALL RANDOM_SEED(PUT = seed)

DEALLOCATE(seed)
END SUBROUTINE
ENDDO
pi = (4 * in_count) / (in_count + out_count)
WRITE (*, '(A, F15.10)') 'PI = ', pi
END
121
Advanced Lab #2 (1/3) - Array

PROGRAM SCORE
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER kor(10), eng(10), matt(10), total(10), &
rank(10), trank(10)
REAL ave(10)
INTEGER :: i, j, getTotal, nTotal
CHARACTER grade(10)
OPEN(20, FILE='score.dat', STATUS='OLD')
READ(20, *) nTotal
DO i=1, nTotal
READ(20, *) kor(i), eng(i), matt(i)
!total(i) = kor(i) + eng(i) + matt(i)
total(i) = getTotal(kor(i), eng(i), matt(i))
ave(i) = total(i) / 3.0
rank(i) = i
ENDDO
CALL BubbleSort(total, rank, nTotal)
DO i=1, nTotal
DO j=1, nTotal
IF (total(i) .EQ. total(rank(j))) THEN
trank(i) = j
END IF
ENDDO
IF (ave(i) .GE. 90) THEN
grade(i) = 'A'
ELSE IF (ave(i) .GE. 80) THEN
grade(i) = 'B'
grade(i) = 'C'
ELSE
grade(i) = 'F'
ENDIF
ENDDO
WRITE(*, *) ' KOR ENG MAT Total Ave Rank Grade'
WRITE(*, *) '-------------------------------------------'
DO i=1, 5
WRITE(*, 100) kor(i), eng(i), matt(i), total(i), ave(i), &
trank(i), grade(i)
ENDDO
100 FORMAT(I5, I5, I5, I5, F6.1, I5, A4);
WRITE(*, *) '-------------------------------------------

122
Advanced Lab #2 (2/3) - Array

CLOSE(20)
END
INTEGER FUNCTION getTotal(k, e, m)
INTEGER k, e, m
getTotal = k + e+ m
END FUNCTION
SUBROUTINE BubbleSort(t, r, ns)
INTEGER t(*), r(*)
! INTEGER t(10), r(10)
INTEGER i, j, c
$ cat
5
70
89
99
91
76
score.dat
50
70
100
67
96
Input Data
65
99
85
64
60
DO i=1, ns-1
DO j=1, ns-i
IF (t(r(j)) < t(r(j+1))) THEN
c = r(j)
r(j) = r(j+1)
r(j+1) = c
ENDIF
ENDDO
ENDDO
END SUBROUTINE
123
Advanced Lab #2 (3/3) - Result
124
Advanced Lab #3 (1/2) Dynamic Allocation

PROGRAM SCORE_DYNA
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION (:) :: kor, eng, &
matt, total, rank, trank
CHARACTER, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION (:) :: grade
REAL, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION (:) :: ave
INTEGER :: i, j, getTotal, nTotal
OPEN(20, FILE='score.dat', STATUS='OLD')
READ(20, *) nTotal
ALLOCATE(kor(nTotal))
ALLOCATE(eng(nTotal))
ALLOCATE(matt(nTotal))
ALLOCATE(total(nTotal))
ALLOCATE(rank(nTotal))
ALLOCATE(trank(nTotal))
ALLOCATE(ave(nTotal))
ALLOCATE (grade(nTotal))
DO i=1, nTotal
READ(20, *) kor(i), eng(i), matt(i)
!total(i) = kor(i) + eng(i) + matt(i)
total(i) = getTotal(kor(i), eng(i), matt(i))
ave(i) = total(i) / 3.0
rank(i) = i
ENDDO
CALL BubbleSort(total, rank, nTotal)
DO i=1, nTotal
DO j=1, nTotal
IF (total(i) .EQ. total(rank(j))) THEN
trank(i) = j
END IF
ENDDO
IF (ave(i) .GE. 90) THEN
grade(i) = 'A'
grade(i) = 'B'
grade(i) = 'C'
ELSE
grade(i) = 'F'
ENDIF
ENDDO
125
Advanced Lab #3 (2/2) Dynamic Allocation

WRITE(*, *) ' KOR ENG MAT Total Ave Rank Grade'
WRITE(*, *) '-------------------------------------------'
DO i=1, nTotal
WRITE(*, 100) kor(i), eng(i), matt(i), total(i), ave(i), &
trank(i), grade(i)
ENDDO
100 FORMAT(I5, I5, I5, I5, F6.1, I5, A4);
WRITE(*, *) '-------------------------------------------'
DEALLOCATE(kor)
DEALLOCATE(eng)
DEALLOCATE(matt)
DEALLOCATE(total)
DEALLOCATE(rank)
DEALLOCATE(trank)
DEALLOCATE(ave)
DEALLOCATE(grade)
CLOSE(20)
END
INTEGER FUNCTION getTotal(k, e, m)

INTEGER k, e, m
getTotal = k + e+ m
END FUNCTION
SUBROUTINE BubbleSort(t, r, ns)
INTEGER t(*), r(*)
! INTEGER t(10), r(10)
INTEGER i, j, c
DO i=1, ns-1
DO j=1, ns-i
IF (t(r(j)) < t(r(j+1))) THEN
c = r(j)
r(j) = r(j+1)
r(j+1) = c
Input
ENDIF
ENDDO
$ cat score.dat
ENDDO
5
END SUBROUTINE
70 50 65
89 70 99
99 100 85
91 67 64
76 96 60
Data
126
Advanced Lab #4 (1/4) Array Function - Norm

PROGRAM array_func_norm
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: NumItems = 5
REAL, DIMENSION(NumItems) :: A
A = (/1,2,3,4,5/)
!A = (/I,I=1,5/)
PRINT '(1X, "Array A = (", 5F6.2 ,")")' , A(:)
PRINT '(1X, "Norm of the array A is", F6.2)', Norm(A,NumItems)
CONTAINS
FUNCTION Norm(A, N)
INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: N
REAL, DIMENSION(N), INTENT(IN) :: A
REAL :: Norm
Norm = SQRT(SUM(A*A))
END FUNCTION Norm
Using Array Intrinsic

functions
1 + 2 + +
END PROGRAM array_func_norm
127
Advanced Lab #4 (2/4) Array Function - Dot Product

PROGRAM array_func_dot
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, DIMENSION(NumItems) :: A, B
A = (/1,2,3,4,5/)
B = (/1,2,3,4,5/)
PRINT '(1X, "Dot Product define function : ", F6.2)', DOT(A,B,NumItems)
PRINT '(1X, "Dot Product array function : ", F6.2)', DOT_PRODUCT(A,B)
CONTAINS
FUNCTION DOT(A,B,N)
INTEGER i
INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: N
REAL, DIMENSION(N), INTENT(IN) :: A, B
REAL :: DOT = 0
DO i = 1, N
DOT = DOT + A(i) * B(i)
END DO
END FUNCTION DOT
END PROGRAM array_func_dot
128
Advanced Lab #4 (3/4) Array Function - Mean 1

PROGRAM array_func_mean1
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, DIMENSION(NumItems) :: A
A = (/1,2,3,4,5/)
!A = (/I,I=1,5/)
PRINT '(1X, "Array A = (", 5F6.2 ,")")' , A(:)
PRINT '(1X, "Mean of the array A is", F6.2)',Mean(A)
CONTAINS
FUNCTION Mean(X)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: NumElements = 5
REAL, DIMENSION(NumElements), INTENT(IN) :: X
REAL :: Mean
Mean = SUM(X) / REAL(NumElements)
END FUNCTION Mean
END PROGRAM array_func_mean1
129
Advanced Lab #4 (4/4) Array Function - Mean 2

PROGRAM array_func_mean2
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: Item
INTEGER :: NumItems
WRITE (*, '(1X, A)', ADVANCE = 'NO') "How many numbers are in the data set?"
READ *, NumItems
ALLOCATE(Item(NumItems))
PRINT *, "Enter the", NumItems, "real numbers:"
READ *, Item
PRINT '(1X, "Mean of the ", I3, " Numbers is ", F6.2)', NumItems, Mean(Item)
DEALLOCATE(Item)
CONTAINS
FUNCTION Mean(X)
REAL :: Mean
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(IN) :: X
Mean = SUM(X) / REAL(SIZE(X))
END FUNCTION Mean
END PROGRAM array_func_mean2
130
131
How does beginner make a good program?

1. ,
2. ()
3. Syntax ,
4.
5. 1
6.
132

Fortran+Training+Course V20140411 2day

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Derived Data Type

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Advanced Lab & Summary

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GNU Fortran Compiler Selection

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01. What is Fortran

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First Fortran Code

WRITE (*, *) Hello, World

END PROGRAM HELLO

! [PROGRAM] [hello] is optional

$ gfortran o hello.x hello.f90

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02. Basic Fortran Grammar

Basic Fortran Grammar

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Fortran90 Style (Free Format)

$ gfortran o ex2_f77.x ex2_f77.f

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$ gfortran o ex2_f90.x ex2_f90.f90

Fortran 90 Improved Syntax (1/3)

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Fortran 90 Improved Syntax (2/3)

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Fortran90 Improved Syntax (3/3)

tx=1.0 ; ty=2.0 ; tz=tx*ty

! Continuation symbol on line to be continued

END PROGRAM free_source_form

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Fortran90 Data Type, Variable (1/2)

SUPERCOMPUTING EDUCATION CENTER

0, 120, -235, +32856

Fortran90 Data Type, Variable (2/2)

:: score = 10, rank = 5

INTEGER, PARAMETER :: n=1000

INTEGER pixels(n, n), encode(n, n)

INTEGER, DIMENSION(n, n) :: pixels,

WRITE (, ) Hello, World

WRITE (, ) 'Area =', area

WRITE(, ) 'Before num = ', num

WRITE(, ) 'After num = ', num

WRITE(, ) 'min = ', min