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Math Properties

Commutative, Associative,
Distributive, Identity, and
Zero Properties

What are properties?


Math Properties are rules in
math. Properties are always
true for every number.
**Once you go beyond the set of Real numbers the properties may no
longer hold.

Commute
To commute means to travel from
one place to another.
For example, you commute to school
in the morning.

Commutative Property
Just like you commute from home to
school, a number may commute from
one spot to another.
A + B = B + A (The numbers change
places.)
This is called the commutative
property of addition.
Ex) 2 + 3 = 3 + 2
Both 2 + 3 and 3 + 2 equal 5.

The commutative property may be


used with addition as seen
previously and also with
multiplication.
A*B=B*A
Ex) 3 * 5 = 5 * 3
Both 3 * 5 and 5 * 3 equal 15.
This is called the commutative
property of multiplication.

Associate
An associate is a friend or someone
you work with.
For example, the head cheerleader is
an associate of the school mascot.

Now imagine the football team played a


late game and the cheerleader and
mascot forgot to study for the math test.

Suddenly the cheerleader


associates with someone else.

Associative Property
The associative property is when a
number associates with a different
number.

A + (B + C)
A +
B+ C
(A + B) + C

Associative Property
(A + B) + C = A + (B + C) is called
the associative property of addition.
Ex) (2 + 3) + 4 = 2 + (3 + 4)
The order in which you add does not
change your answer.
A * (B * C) = (A * B) * C is called the
associative property of multiplication.

Identity
Your identity is who you are.
Changing your clothes or getting a
new haircut does not change your
identity.
Your identity remains the same.

Identity Property of Addition


A number also has an identity
The identity of a number is the value
of the number
The additive identity is the number
that when added to another number
does not change the identity of the
original
number
0
3 + __ = 3 (What goes in the blank?)

Zero
The additive identity is
zero.
We can add zero to any
number and the answer is
the original number.

Identity Property of
Multiplication
We also have a multiplicative identity
3 * 1__ = 3 (What goes in this blank?)
We can multiply any number by one
and the answer will be the original
number.

Identity Properties
Identity Property of
Addition

A+0=A

Identity Property of
Multiplication

A*1=A

Zero Property
The zero property sounds just like
what it is, a property about zero.
A*0=0
The zero property tells us that any
number multiplied by zero equals
zero.

Summary
Property Name

Rule

Commutative Property of Addition

A+B=B+A

Commutative Property of
Multiplication

A*B=B*A

Associative Property of Addition

A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C

Associative Property of
Multiplication

A * (B * C) = (A * B) * C

Identity Property of Addition

A+0=A

Identity Property of Multiplication

A*1=A

Zero Property

A*0=0

Distribute
Distribute means to deliver or pass
out
If we distribute food to three boxes,
we put food in each of the three
boxes

Distributive Property
A(B + C) = A*B + A*C
The A is the food and the boxes are B
and C.
We pass out A to each of B and C.
In this case that means that we
multiply A by both B and C
separately and then add the resulting
products.

Ex) 4(X +=4X


3) + 12

4
X
4X

3
12

Now you try these


examples.
1) 5(X + 3)5X
= + 15

2) 7(X + 4)7X
= + 28

3) 2(Z -3) 2Z
= -6

Summary
Property Name

Rule

Commutative Property of Addition

A+B=B+A

Commutative Property of
Multiplication

A*B=B*A

Associative Property of Addition

A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C

Associative Property of
Multiplication

A * (B * C) = (A * B) * C

Identity Property of Addition

A+0=A

Identity Property of Multiplication

A*1=A

Zero Property

A*0=0

Distributive Property

A(B + C) = A*B + A*C

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