Chapter 3

Cell Processes and

Energy

I. Chemical Compounds in
Cells
A. Elements and Compounds
1. elements= any substance that
cannot
be broken down into simpler
substances
* smallest unit-atom

Atom

2. Compounds
a. compound= when two or more
elements combine chemically
* smallest unit-molecule

3. The Compound Called Water

a. most chemical reactions in cells could
not take place without water
* dissolves chemicals
* keeps size and shape
* keeps the temperature from changing
rapidly

Write a question that might be on the

test from what we just talked about on
the left side of the notes

4. Organic and Inorganic Compounds

a. organic- compounds with carbon
* carbon dioxide- CO2
b. inorganic- compounds not containing carbon
* water- H2O
* sodium chloride- NaCl

How are inorganic compounds

different from organic
compounds?

Organic compounds contain carbon.

B. Carbohydrates
* energy rich organic compounds made of
the
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
* examples- sugars and starches

* in plants sugar is made during

photosynthesis
* cells store excess energy in starch
molecules
* cells use carbohydrates to form cells parts
like the
cell membrane and cell wall

C. Lipids
* energy rich compounds made of the
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
* examples- fats, oils, and waxes

* contain more energy than

carbohydrates
* cells store energy for later use in
lipids
* cell membrane is mainly made of
lipids

What are three kinds of lipids?

Fats, oils, and waxes.

D. Proteins
* large organic molecules made of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and
sometimes sulfur
* examples- meat, eggs, fish, nuts and
beans

1. Structure of Proteins
a. smaller molecules of amino acids make up
proteins
* 20 common amino acids combine to form
different proteins

2. Functions of Proteins
a. form parts of the cell membrane and some
cell organelles
b. proteins called enzymes perform important
jobs in the chemical reactions in cells
* enzyme- speeds up the chemical reaction

What is the role of enzymes in

cells?

Speeding up chemical reactions.

E. Nucleic Acids
* very long organic molecules made of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
and
phosphorous
* contain the instructions that the cells
need
to carry out all the functions of life

a. Two kinds of nucleic acids

* DNA- (deoxyribonucleic acid) genetic material
that carries information about an organism and
is passed from parent to offspring
* mostly found in the chromatin in the nucleus
* RNA- (ribonucleic acid) important role in the
production of proteins
* found in the cytoplasm and the nucleus

What are the two kinds of

nucleic acids? What are their
functions?

DNA-carries genetic material.

RNA- is important in the production of

Assignment
CH 3-1 Section Review
Pg. 78, #1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 3c