Optical communications

Chapter 3.3
Pham Quang Thai
Pqthai.hcmut@gmail.com

Content

Semiconductor physics
Light emitting diode (LED)
Laser principles
Laser diode

Laser (Light Amplification by

Stimulated Emission of Radiation)

Oscillator

Loss -> Large output bandwidth

Overcome loss -> Single frequency output

Fabry-Perot cavity

Cavity

Gain

Pump

Population
Inversion

Stimulated
emission

Laser

Optical oscillator (optical cavity) -> photon moving between two mirrors

Cavity

Gain

Pump

Population
Inversion

Stimulated
emission

Laser

Many frequencies satisfy the oscillating condition

Cavity

Gain

Pump

Population
Inversion

Stimulated
emission

Laser

Video: laser longitude mode

10

Cavity

Gain

Pump

Population
Inversion

Stimulated
emission

Laser

Absorption -> loss photon

11

Cavity

Gain

Pump

Population
Inversion

Stimulated
emission

Laser

Stimulated emission -> create photon

12

Cavity

Gain

Pump

Population
Inversion

Stimulated
emission

Laser

Stimulated emission -> Occur under Population inversion condition

13

Cavity

Gain

Pump

Population
Inversion

Stimulated
emission

Laser

2 energy levels -> Pump -> Transparency

14

Cavity

Gain

Pump

Population
Inversion

Stimulated
emission

Laser

3 energy levels -> pump -> population inversion

Video: light
amplification

15

Cavity

Gain

Pump

Population
Inversion

Stimulated
emission

Laser

Pump -> Population inversion -> Spontaneous emission

16

Cavity

Gain

Pump

Population
Inversion

Stimulated
emission

Laser

Spontaneous emission -> Oscillation condition

-> Stimulated emission -> Lasing

Video:
simple laser

17