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........................................................................................................................ 5
1.

.................................................................................................... 6

1.1.

.,. ............................................................... 6

1.1.1.

: ................................................................................ 7

1.1.2.

: ................................................................................................. 7

1.1.3.

: ............................................................................................ 8

1.1.4.

....................................................................................................... 8

1.2.

_..._................................. 9

1.2.1.

: ................................................................................................................. 9

1.2.2.

: ................................................................................ 9

1.2.3.

: ............................................................................................ 9

1.2.4.

..................................................................................................... 10

1.3.

...... ... ........................................................... 15

1.3.1.

................................................................................................ 15

1.3.2.

..................................................................................................... 16

1.3.3.

..................................................................................................... 16

1.3.4.

......................................................................................... 16

1.4.

................................ 17

1.4.1.
1.5.

..................................................................................................... 18
.................................................. 23

1.5.1.

X ............ 23

1.5.1.1.
1.5.2.

X_ . 24

1.5.2.1.
2.

................................................................................................. 23

................................................................................................. 25

....................................................................................................................... 27

2.1.

: ........................................................................... 27

2.2.

: ........................................................................... 27

2.3.

; ......................................................................... 27

2.4.

. .................................................................................. 28

2.5.

............................................................................... 29

2.5.1.

..................................................................................... 29

2.5.2.

........................................................................................ 30

2.5.3.

..................................................................................................... 30

2.6.

............................................................................... 37

2.6.1.

............................................................................................. 37

2.6.1.1.
2.6.2.

(Bubblesort) ......................... 37
.............................................................................. 39

2.6.2.1.

........................................................................................ 39

2.6.2.2.

......................................................................................... 40

2.7.

................................................................. 43

2.8.

................................................................................................ 45

2.9.

................................................................................................... 49

2.9.1.

1. .................................................................... 49

2.9.2.

2. ........................................................................ 53

2.9.3.

3 ............................................................................................................. 58

3. - () ...................................................................................................................... 61
3.1.

; ........................................................ 62

3.2.

; .......................................................................................... 62

3.3.

( ) ................................................................. 64

3.3.1.

() ; ..................................................... 66

3.3.2.

; ............................................... 66

3.3.3.

; ....................................................................................... 67
3.3.3.1.

. ................................. 71

3.3.4.

................................................................... 73

3.3.5.

...................................................................................... 75

3.4.

( ) ................................................................ 77

3.4.1.

;.......................................... 78

3.4.1.1.

- ....................................................................... 78

3.4.1.2.

.......................................................................................... 78

3.4.2.

; ....................................... 79

3.4.3.

..................................................................... 82


,
.., 1999 2000.
(1999-2000), ,
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15

1.3.2.
1. 3 3
.
2. i 10 5
, i=10>5 >0
3. i 3 0 _ -1
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17

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19

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21

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22

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1.5.

1.5.1. X

1.
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1.5.1.1.
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x
x< >0
yx^2
y
x
_

...

23

x
_
x< >0
yx^2
y
x
_
_ x = 0

2. _ ...
_
x
y <-x ^ 2
y
_ x=0

...

x
y <-x ^ 2
y
x<>0
x
y <-x ^ 2
y
_

1.5.2.
X_

1. 1 2 >0
<> 1 2 _
<>
_
<> 1
<> <=2
<>
<> <>+
_
2. 12 <0
<> 1 2 _
<>
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24

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1.5.2.1.
1. ... ...
)
i 1
i <=100
i ^ 3
i i+1
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)
i 10 100 _ 2
i ^ 2
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i <- 10
i <= 100
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i <- i + 2
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)
i 1000
i >= 100
i
ii-1
_

i 1000 100 _ -1
i
_

2. ... ....
) i <- 10
i <= 100

i
i <- i+1
_

i 10 100 _ 100
i
_

25

)
i 10
i <= 100
i
ii+2
_

i 10 100 _ 2
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26

2.

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27

2.4. .
<>: _ [ ].

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: [20]

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20 . .
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20 2
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28

2.5.

2.5.1.
100 :
1
( )

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3
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100

: [100]

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29

2.5.2.

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1. 30

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:

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sum/30
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0
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+1
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_

31

2. 4x3,
.
:
1.
2.
3. .

i=1

j= 1

j = 3
i = 4

I=1


J=1

j = 3

i = 4

J=1


I=1

i = 4

j = 3

I=1
J=1

j = 3
i = 4

32

: [4,3], i, j, sum_, sum_, sum

i 1 4
j 1 3
:
[i, j]
_
_
i 1 4
sum_ 0
j 1 3
sum_ sum_ + [i, j]
_
, i, , , sum_
_
j 1 3
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_
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33

3.
, 100
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1. 100

2. ,
1 .

:
i=1
[i]
i = 100

Max

x [1]
i=2
x [i]
i = 100
x
x_

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i 1 100
:
[i]
_
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i 2 100
[i] > x
x [i]
_
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_ x_

34

4. 5x3
, .
:
)
)
) .

:
i=1

j=1
[i,j]
j = 3
i = 5
i=1

in [i, 1]
J=2
in [i, j]
j = 3
in
i = 5

j=1

x [1, j]
I=2
x [i, j]
i = 5
x
j = 3

i=1
j=1
[i, j]
j = 3
i = 5
/15

35

Min_Mx_

: [5,3], i, j, x, Min,s um
:

i 1 5
j 1 3

[i, j]
_
_
i 1 5
in A[i, 1]
j 2 3
[i, j] < in
in [i, j]
_
_
, i, =,in
_
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x A[1, j]
i 2 5
[i, j]>x
x [i, j]
_
_
, j, =, x
_
sum 0
i 1 5
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sum sum + [i, j]
_
_
sum/15
=,
_ Min_Mx_

36

2.6.

, :




.

2.6.1.

.
:
1. ' (. )
2. (. )
.

2.6.1.1.
(Bubblesort)

.


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: [100], i, j ,K

i 1 100
[i]
_

i 2 100
j 100 i _ -1
[j-1] > A[j]
[j-1]

[j-1] [j]

[j]
_
_
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37

i 1 100
[i]
_
_ 1
,
, :
[j-1] < A[j]
2

. .
, .
1

: [100], i, j, K
: Flag

i 1 100
[i]
_

Flag
i2
i <= 100 flag =
flag
j 100 i _ -1
[j-1] > A[j]
[j - 1]
[j-1] [j]
[j]
flag
_
_
ii+1
_
i 1 100
[i]
_
_ 1

38

2.6.2.

' .

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:
1. ,
2.
2.6.2.1.

.

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.
1
(key) [100]. (key)
.
"", " ".
1

: [100], I, KEY

i 1 100
[i]
_
i1
[i] <> key i <= 100
i i + 1
_
[i] = key
:, i


_
_ 1
2
(key) [100]. key
.

39

,
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2

: [100], I, KEY

i 1 100
[i]
_
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Key
flag
i 1 100
key = [i]
flag
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flag =

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2.6.2.2.

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1
100
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<= [] <> Key
Key < []
-1

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_
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[] = Key
' ',

' '
_

41

_ _1
2

.
_2

: [100], KEY,, ,

i 1 100
[i]
_
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Key
1
100
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+ 1

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42

2.7.
.
.
:
1
[25] 1
[21] 2
.
.

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1 25
[]

1 21
[]
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25
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43

2.

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[]

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j1
1
i <= 25 j <= 21
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[] [i]
ii+1

[] [j]
jj+1
_
2
+1

i>25
l j 21
[] [l]
+1
_

l i 25
[] [l]
+ 1
_
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1 46
[]
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_ 2

44

2.8.

,
.
, .
.
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.

NANOY

2
0
1

1,400
1,150
1,520

10%
20%
16%

...

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45

: [50]
: [50], , sum
: i

50

i 1 50

[i], [i]

_
sum 0
i 1 50

sum sum + [i]



_
sum/50



>

i 1 50
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[i]
_
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[i]
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46

1.
50
2. .

: [50], t2
: [50], t1
: i,j

i 1 50

[i], [i]

_
i 2 50
j 50 i -1
[j] > [j 1]

t1 [j]
[j] MO[j-1]
MO[j-1] t1

t2 [j]
[j] [j - 1]
[j-1] t2

_
_
_

i 1 50
[i], [i]
_
_

3 ( )



().

47

1.
50 .
2. .
3.
.
_

: [50], t2
: [50], t1
: i, j

i 1 50
:
[i], [i]
_
i 2 50
j 50 i _ -1
[j] > [j 1]
t1 [j]
[j] MO[j-1]
MO[j-1] t1
t2 [j]
[j] [j - 1]
[j-1] t2
_
[j]=MO[j-1]
[j] < [j-1]
t2 [j]
[j] [j - 1]
[j - 1] t2
_
_
_
_
i 1 50
[i], [i]
_
_ _

48

2.9.

2.9.1. 1.
, 100 .
:
i. .
ii. 1 100 .
iii. 100 1 .
iv. .
v. .
vi.
.
vii. 10 .
viii.
.
ix. 50
50 ,
" ".
x.
" ".
xi.
.
xii. 42 .
xiii. .
xiv.
.

49

: [100], i, j, sum, sum1, sum2, sum, sum, , , G


:
: flag

i.

ii.

100 :
i 1 100
[i]
_
i 1 100
[i]
_

iii.

i 100 1 _ -1
[i]
_

iv.

sum 0
i 1 100
sum sum + A[i]
_
:, sum

v.

vi.

[i]

( i mod 2=0)

sum/100
=,
sum 0
sum 0
i 1 100
i mod 2 = 0
sum sum + A[i]

sum sum + A[i]


_
_
:,sum
:,sum

50

vii.
GIN 1
i 1 10
GIN GIN * A[i]
_
10 :,GIN

GIN
/
1,


/.

viii. :
i

100-i+1

100-1+1=100

100-2+1=99

...

....

50

100-50+1=49

ix.

x.
[1], [100]
[2], [99]
[3], [98]

...
[49], [50]

i 1 50
[i]
[i] [100 -i + 1]
[100 i + 1]
_
i 1 100
[i]
_

sum1 0
i 1 50

sum1 sum1 + A[i]
50
_
sum2 0

i 51 100
sum2 sum2 + A[i] 50
_
sum1= sum2

_
flag
i 1 50
A[i] <> A[100 i + 1]
flag
_
_
flag =

_AN

51

xi.

xii.

xiii.

xiv.

0
i 1 100
A[i] <
+1
_
_
:,
i 1 100
A[i] = 42
i
_
_

i 2 100
j 100 i _ -1
[j] > A[j - 1]
[j]
[j] [j-1]
[j-1]
_
_
_
flag
i 100 2 _ -1
A[i] > A[i - 1]
flag
_
_
flag =

_AN
_ _

52

2.9.2. 2.
, 10 x 20 .
:
i.
.
ii.
.
iii.
,
.
iv.
, .
v. ,
_[20].
vi. ,
_[20].
vii. o .
viii. .
ix. 12 .
x. 7 .
xi.
.
xii. .
xiii. ,
.
xiv. .
xv. .

53

i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.
.

: [10,20], _[10],_[20],i, j, sum


:

i 1 10

j 1 20

[i, j]
_
_

j 1 20

i 1 10

[i, j]
_
_
i 1 10
j 1 20
[i]
_
_
j 1 20
i 1 10
A[i, j]
_
_
i 1 10
sum 0
j 1 20
sum sum + A[i, j]
_
,i, =,sum
_[i] sum
_

54

vi.
.

vii.
.

viii.

ix.


12.

x.


7.

j 1 20
sum 0
i 1 10
sum sum + A[i, j]
_
, j, =,sum
_[j] sum
_
sum 0
i 1 10
j 1 20
sum sum + A[i, j]
_
_
=, sum

sum/200
=,

x [1,12]
i 2 10
A[i,12] >x
x [i,12]
_
_
12 =,x

Min [7, 1]
j 2 20
A[7, j] < Min
Min [7, j]
_
_
7 =,Min

55

xii.


.

xiii.

xiv.

'

0
i 1 10
j 1 20
A[i, j] >
+1
_
_
_
:


x
i 1 10
j 1 20
x=[i, j]
=, i, j
_
_
_
gr 1 10
i 2 20
j 20 i _ -1
[gr, j] > A[gr, j- 1]
[gr, j]
[gr,j] [gr, j - 1]
[gr, j - 1]
_
_
_
_

xi.

Min A[1, 1]
x A[1, 1]
i 1 10
j 1 20
A[i, j] < Min
Min A[i, j]
_
A[i, j] > Mx
Mx A[i, j]
_
_
_

56

st 1 20
i 2 10
j 10 i _ -1
[j,st]<A[j-1, st]
[j, st]
[j,st] [j - 1, st]
[j - 1, st]
_
_
_
_
_ _

'

xv.

57

2.9.3. 3
5 12 .
5x12

.
:
.
_[5,12]
.
.
. .
.
.


, :

1. ,
.
2.
2
.
3.
, ,
.
4. '
.

58

: _[5, 12], _[5], i, j, sum, Min, Min_i, Min_ j, x, x_i, Mx_j

Min _[1, 1]
Min_i 1
Min_ j 1
x _ [1, 1]
x_i 1
Mx_ j 1
i 1 5
j 1 12
_[i, j] < Min
Min _[i, j]
Min_i i
Min_ j j
_
_[i, j] > Mx
x _ [i, j]
Mx_ i i
Mx_ j j
_
_
_
,Min_ j, ,Min_i,
,Mx_ j, ,Mx_i, '

&


i 1 5
, i
j 1 12
,j
_[i, j]
_
_

i 1 5
sum 0
j 1 12
sum sum + _[i, j]
_
,i, :,sum
_[i] sum
_

59

sum 0
i 1 5
sum sum + _[i]
_
, :,s um
_ _

60

3. -
(-)


.
,
,
.
,
, .

.


,

,

,
.

61

3.1. ;

/.
,
.
...
( ) (
) .
.

1:
, ,
:
1. ().
2. (
).
3. (
).
3.2. ;
1. :



, .
,

.

62

2.

3.

4.

5.

.
,
.

(. ),
(
).

,
.
,
.
(
), (
) .
(
), , (
)
.


.

, ,
.


.

.



63

3.3. ( )

,
( ),
,
.

.
.

1 ( 2),
. ;
,
.

() , ,
.
:

: , , , , temp

' '
,
temp <--

<--
<-- temp
'=', , '=',
' '

,
temp <--
<--
<-- temp
'=', , '=',
_

64


;
,

. ,
,
() ,
(_),
.
( ), ;

(1, )

_ (1, )

_ _

(1, )
.

,

:

:, , ,

,
_( )
,
,
_( ,)
,
_

,
.


(
).

.

65


(.)
temp.

_(, )

:, ,temp

temp <-
<-
<- temp
_ _


3.3.1. () ;
:
<> (< >)

< >

<>
_ (,)

:,,temp

temp <-
<-
<- temp
_ _

3.3.2. ;



,
.

: , , ,

,
_(, )
,

_,

,
_(, )
,
_

66

3.3.3.
;

3, 7, 2, 9
:
1.
2.
3.

4. (
, )

,
.
(
).

( ).

.

67

4.
( ,
)

,
.


(
, )
_.
"" .
, _
.
, .
, ()

,
. , -
.
. ,

). /

)

68

)

, (
.
. .
, . ,

,
.

69

,
.

70

/.

3.3.3.1.

. ,
. ,
-
.
. ,
( -
).
.
(-).

.
-
.
1.
.
2.
.
3.
.
(..
).
. .
.
. ,
.



.

71

1 :
, , 1 1
, , 2 2 _,
.
: -10,
97
2 2 1
1 .
,
_,
.
:
: (=-10)
(=97)
1 2(=87)
1 2(=-107)

72

3.3.4.
;
,
. :
1. 2
,
.
2. , .
,
.
3.
.
4. ,
2.
5. 2.
.

: ,
:

2
,

(, , )

2,

_ 2


.

73

(, , )

: ,
:

<- ( + 3 * )/2

()


,
,

()

<0 <- ( - 1) *

74

3.3.5.

_()
_()


,



.

(x)



,


.
,

75

: ,
( ), .

. ..
_() _([100])

.. _()
_([100]).
,
.. :[100]

x[100]
.

, x ,
Min Min_
.



.

76

3.4. ( )

.

.
<>

:
1.




.
2.


'




.

:
<> (< >): < >

< >

<>
<>
_

77

3.4.1. ;

3.4.1.1.

<> (< >): < >

< >

<>
<>
_
, ( <
>) ,
.
, , ,
. . .
(
). (,) .

, ,

.

3.4.1.2.

,
. . :
sum(,)
<> :
o
.
o
'
.

.

, , , .

78

, :
, ,

.


.
x y
,
x y .
sum

_
_.
3.4.2. ;



, ..
,
,







.

,
.




.
.




.
.

79

3.4.3.

. ..
x[100] y[100]

.

_
.

.

1.
_ (x) _ (y).
.
,
. ,
,
.
2. (x)
(y), .



.
3. .
_ .

80

:
_

: x[100], y[100]

1
_ (x)
2
_ (y)
1 :, (x)
2 :, (y)
_ _
_ ()

: [100], i

i 1
100
, i,
[i]
_
_
():

: Min, i, [100]

in [1]
i 2 100
[i] < Min
Min [i]
_
_
Min
_

81

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