v

Contents
PREFACE

ix

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ix

CREDITS

ix

FEATURES OF THIS BOOK

ix

SYLLABUS MATRIX

STUDY SKILLS

xi

Chapter 1: Basic Arithmetic

INTRODUCTION
REAL NUMBERS
DIRECTED NUMBERS
FRACTIONS, DECIMALS AND PERCENTAGES
POWERS AND ROOTS
ABSOLUTE VALUE
TEST YOURSELF 1
CHALLENGE EXERCISE 1
Chapter 2: Algebra and Surds
INTRODUCTION
SIMPLIFYING EXPRESSIONS
BINOMIAL PRODUCTS
FACTORISATION
COMPLETING THE SQUARE
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
SUBSTITUTION
SURDS
TEST YOURSELF 2
CHALLENGE EXERCISE 2
Chapter 3: Equations
INTRODUCTION
SIMPLE EQUATIONS
SUBSTITUTION
INEQUATIONS
EQUATIONS AND INEQUATIONS INVOLVING ABSOLUTE VALUES
EXPONENTIAL EQUATIONS
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
FURTHER INEQUATIONS
QUADRATIC INEQUATIONS
SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS
TEST YOURSELF 3
CHALLENGE EXERCISE 3

3
3
9
12
19
37
41
43
44
45
45
51
55
69
71
73
76
90
93
94
95
95
100
103
107
114
118
125
129
132
138
139

vi

Chapter 4: Geometry 1

140

INTRODUCTION
NOTATION
TYPES OF ANGLES
PARALLEL LINES
TYPES OF TRIANGLES
CONGRUENT TRIANGLES
SIMILAR TRIANGLES
PYTHAGORAS THEOREM
TYPES OF QUADRILATERALS
POLYGONS
AREAS
TEST YOURSELF 4
CHALLENGE EXERCISE 4

141
141
142
149
153
159
163
171
177
184
188
195
197

Practice Assessment Task Set 1

Chapter 5: Functions and Graphs
INTRODUCTION
FUNCTIONS
GRAPHING TECHNIQUES
LINEAR FUNCTION
QUADRATIC FUNCTION
ABSOLUTE VALUE FUNCTION
THE HYPERBOLA
CIRCLES AND SEMI-CIRCLES
OTHER GRAPHS
LIMITS AND CONTINUITY
FURTHER GRAPHS
REGIONS
TEST YOURSELF 5
CHALLENGE EXERCISE 5
Chapter 6: Trigonometry
INTRODUCTION
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLE PROBLEMS
APPLICATIONS
EXACT RATIOS
ANGLES OF ANY MAGNITUDE
TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
NON-RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLE RESULTS
APPLICATIONS
AREA
TRIGONOMETRY IN THREE DIMENSIONS
SUMS AND DIFFERENCES OF ANGLES
FURTHER TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS
TEST YOURSELF 6
CHALLENGE EXERCISE 6

199
204
205
205
216
224
228
234
242
246
254
260
264
277
287
288
290
291
291
299
308
318
322
336
342
347
358
362
365
367
374
385
387

vii

Chapter 7: Linear Functions

INTRODUCTION
DISTANCE
MIDPOINT
GRADIENT
EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE
PARALLEL AND PERPENDICULAR LINES
INTERSECTION OF LINES
PERPENDICULAR DISTANCE
ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES
RATIOS
TEST YOURSELF 7
CHALLENGE EXERCISE 7
Chapter 8: Introduction to Calculus
INTRODUCTION
GRADIENT
DIFFERENTIATION FROM FIRST PRINCIPLES
SHORT METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION
TANGENTS AND NORMALS
FURTHER DIFFERENTIATION AND INDICES
COMPOSITE FUNCTION RULE
PRODUCT RULE
QUOTIENT RULE
ANGLE BETWEEN 2 CURVES
TEST YOURSELF 8
CHALLENGE EXERCISE 8
Practice Assessment Task Set 2
Chapter 9: Properties of the Circle
INTRODUCTION
PARTS OF A CIRCLE
ARCS, ANGLES AND CHORDS
CHORD PROPERTIES
CONCYCLIC POINTS
TANGENT PROPERTIES
TEST YOURSELF 9
CHALLENGE EXERCISE 9
Chapter 10: The Quadratic Function
INTRODUCTION
GRAPH OF A QUADRATIC FUNCTION
QUADRATIC INEQUALITIES
THE DISCRIMINANT
QUADRATIC IDENTITIES
SUM AND PRODUCT OF ROOTS
EQUATIONS REDUCIBLE TO QUADRATICS
TEST YOURSELF 10
CHALLENGE EXERCISE 10

390
391
391
396
398
408
412
417
422
426
430
434
435
438
439
440
449
465
471
476
478
482
485
487
490
491
494
498
499
499
500
512
519
525
537
539
542
543
543
549
555
562
566
571
575
576

viii

Chapter 11: Locus and the Parabola

INTRODUCTION
LOCUS
CIRCLE AS A LOCUS
PARABOLA AS A LOCUS
GENERAL PARABOLA
TANGENTS AND NORMALS
PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS OF THE PARABOLA
CHORDS, TANGENTS AND NORMALS
PROPERTIES OF THE PARABOLA
LOCUS PROBLEMS
TEST YOURSELF 11
CHALLENGE EXERCISE 11
Practice Assessment Task Set 3
Chapter 12: Polynomials 1
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION OF A POLYNOMIAL
DIVISION OF POLYNOMIALS
REMAINDER AND FACTOR THEOREMS
GRAPH OF A POLYNOMIAL
ROOTS AND COEFFICIENTS OF POLYNOMIAL EQUATIONS
TEST YOURSELF 12
CHALLENGE EXERCISE 12
Chapter 13: Permutations and Combinations
INTRODUCTION
FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING PRINCIPLE
PERMUTATIONS
COMBINATIONS
TEST YOURSELF 13
CHALLENGE EXERCISE 13
Practice Assessment Task Set 4
Answers

578
579
579
587
591
610
625
627
634
643
648
652
653
655
662
663
663
667
672
681
706
713
714
716
717
717
730
740
746
747
749
756