1

1978 iklwu ek>as VsijsdWkMZjpsa vkdkZ.k ok<rp

xsys- R;kpsa dkj.k ek;k fo|kO;klaxkyk gh oLrw
vfrk; mi;q gksrh gsa gks;- ek;k vkfFkZd
fLFkrheqGsa rks ?ks.ksa kD; ulY;keqGsa ex dks.kkdks.kkpk] feGsy R;kpk vk.kwu eh fujfujkGkk
dWlsV~l&dFkkdFku] O;k[;ku] ukV;xhrsa&jk= jk=
tkxwu ,sdr vls- R;k ,dk okkr 500 dWlsV~psa
Jo.k dsys- LorkP;k VsijsdWkMZjph vkokdrk
vkrak Qkj tk.koaw ykxyh- i.k iSlk ulY;keqGsa
rs kD; gksbZuk- R;kosGha eh jktokMkkP;k ikBhekxhy ,dk pkGhar jgkr gksrks- ,dnk vkeP;k
?kjekydkP;k HkkPP;kus ,d tquk VsijsdWkMZj eyk
fnyk vkf.k Eg.kkyk] ^^;kyk FkksMk fjisvj djkok
ykxsy] rlk rks d:u rqEgh dk;epk okij.kkl
?;k-** gsa ?kckM feGkyas vlas eyk R;kosGha
okVysa- ykbZVpsa dusDku d:u rks yku
ikfgyk rj rks pkyw gksrk i.k vkokt Qkjp
ckjhd gksrk- R;kyk eh nqdkuakr usys- R;kus
lakfxrY;kizek.ks vkB fnolakuh xsY;koj R;kus rks
ykdMh eakM.kharwu dk<wu fnyk- fjisvj dsyk
vls Eg.kkyk- igkrks rks oj /kqGhpk Fkj
lkpysyk- R;kph yckMh ek;k /;kuha vkyh-

R;kP;kp toGP;k QMD;kus R;kojhy /kwG

>Vdyh- vkf.k rsFksp R;kP;kdMwu ykbZVpsa
dusDku ?ksu rks yku ikfgyk--vkoktakr
ifgY;kis{kak FkksMk Qjd iMyk i.k rks
lek/kkudkjd eqGhap uOgrk- fopkjys rj
Eg.kkyk] rks Qkj tquk vkgs- R;kpk vkokt
;kis{kak ok<.kkj ukgh- rqEgh uohup ?;k- R;kus
ek;kdMwu fjisvfjax pktZ Eg.kwu 30 :i;s
?ksrys- ojP;k /kqGhP;k Fkjko:u ek;k /;kuha
vkys dha] R;kus dsoG gsM fLijhVP;k cksGkkus
LoPN dsyk vlsy vkf.k 8 fnol eakM.khar
Bsu fnyk vlsy [kksywufg ikfgyk ulsy] gas
vkrak y{kakr ;srsa- R;kosGha gsM Eg.kts dk; gasfg
ekghr uOgrsa- R;k LoLrkbZP;k dkGakr R;kus
ek;kdMwu 30:- ?ksrys vkf.k nq:Lrh
dkMhbrdhfg ukgh- gs yksd vkk yckMkk
djrkr gsa /;kuha vkY;koj eh gkyk isVyks
vkf.k
VsijsdWkMZjph
VsDuWkyWkth
vki.kkl
letyhp ikfgts rlsp vkiyk VsijsdWkMZj vki.k
Lorkp r;kj djk;pk vkh t.kwa HkheizfrKk
?ksu dacj dlyh- ,[kk|kus dqnG QkoMs ?ksu
fu?kkos vkf.k bdMpk gk Mksaxj frdMs usu
Vkdsu vlk m|ksx lq:a djkok rls eyk uarj-

uarj okVwa ykxys i.k eh ft lksMyh ukghlaU;kkkpsa yXu djk;ps vlsy rj ksaMhiklwu
r;kjh djkoh ykxrs rlsa ek>sa >kysa- gsM Eg.kts
dk;\] VkUlQWkeZj uqlrk ikfgyk gksrk- R;kph
izk;ejh vkf.k lsdaMjh dks.krh gas ekghr uOgrsaVsijsdWkMZje/;sa gsM dksBs vlrks o rks dlk
vlrks ;kpk dakghafg ikk uOgrk- vlk v{kjk%
kwU;krwu mHkk jkfgyks- ?kjekydkP;k HkkPP;kus
fnysY;k R;k tqU;k VsijsdWkMZjpsa&vakr dk; vlrs
rs ikg.kklkBha&ekxpsa >kd.k dk<wu ikfgysMksds xjxjys- ok;lZps tqMxs dksBwu dqBs xsys]
ikk ykxsuk- jcjh ik o pkds fnlyh R;ko:u
R;akP;k ojP;k cktwl eksVj vlkoh vkh R;k
egku oLrwph dYiuk vkyh- ckdh lxGh vtc
nqfu;k gksrh- xksy mH;k MC;k] dakgha piV;k
oLrw] dakgha yakcV] dakgha Fkakxikk ykxsuk- T;kyk
gs lxGa xckG fpdVya gksra rks cksMZ ojpk
vkf.k [kkypk Lw dk<wu oj mpyyk rj R;kyk
vla[; ok;j iD;k clysY;k- vkrak dk;
djk;ps\ gk cksMZ ckgsj dlk dk<.kkj\ [kwi
fopkjeaFku d:u] VsijsdWkMZjpk gkp Hkkx eq[;
vlyk ikfgts vlk fudkZ dk<wu rks cksMZ
dk<.;kps Bjoys- ;kyk ?k clysY;k ok;jps

dk; djk;ps! VsijsdWkMZj tquk- R;akr rks

fc?kMysyk- rsOgak R;kph okV ykok;ph i.k R;akr
dk; czakM vkgs rs MksGs Hk:u ,dnk igk;psp
Eg.kwu naM FkkiVwu R;kph fpjQkM lq:a dsyhok;lZeqGsa cksMZ vakr vMdysyk o yVdysyk
gksrk- dk=h ?ksryh vkf.k likli 20@25
ok;lZ ljG dkiwu dk<Y;k- vkrak cksMZ eksdGk
>kyk- R;kyk ckgsj dk<yk- okVya vki.k dso<h
eksBh ltZjh dsyh! VsijsdWkMZj rj xr%izk.k >kyk
gksrk- R;kpsa dysoj ,dk ykdMh [kksD;akr ?kkywu
rsa ekG;koj Bsu fnysa- ,d eqk fudkyh
fu?kkykvkrak R;k ckgsj dk<ysY;k cksMZyk
vla[; ok;lZps rqdMs fpdVysys] rs loZ
tksjtksjkr gyowu rksMwu Vkdys- vkrak rks cksMZ
dfVax dsysY;k ek.klklkj[kk xqVxqVhr fnlwa
ykxyk- vakr fkjysY;k vusd okkP;k /kqGheqGsa
rks Ugku fu?kkyk gksrk- R;keqGsa R;kpk vkf.k
R;kojhy fp=koGhpk ewGpk jax dqByk vlsy
;kfok;ha rdZ dj.ks O;FkZ gksrs- rks cksMZ ljG
mpyyk vkf.k ik.kkP;k ,dk HkjysY;k cknyhar
Vkdwu fnyk- lxGh vkojkvkoj >kY;koj
cknyhar VkdysY;k R;k cksMZyk ik.kakrp

[kGcGyk- oj dk<wu ikfgY;koj ekrh fu?kwu

LoPN >kY;keqGsa Qkjp Nku fnlwa ykxyk- vkrak
tlk lksukj i;k oxSjs paknhP;k oLrw fjBkkP;k
ik.;akr ?kkywu pdpdhr djrks rlk ek>k m|ksx
lq:a >kyk- R;kyk lkc.kkP;k ik.kakr cqMowu
Bsoyk&pakxyk rklHkj- R;k ik.kakrp R;kyk
isafVaxP;k czkkus nksUgh cktwauh ?kklyk- fp=koGharhy fpdVysyh ekrh vkf.k ckfjd lkfjd
ekrhps d.k iw.kZr% fu?kkys- cksMkZph ojph cktw
paknhpk iak<jkkqHkz o[kZ ykokok rkh fnlwa
ykxyh- cksMZ iqUgk pakxY;k ik.kakrwu nksu pkj
osGk dk<yk- vkrak rks vfrLoPN fnlaw ykxykcksMkZojhy fp=koGharhy lxGkk oLrw kq)
Lo:iakr vkf.k R;akP;k R;akP;k jaxakr vxnh LiV
fnlwa ykxY;k- cksMZ >Vdwu R;kyk mUgakr [kMax
okGoyk- ,dk LoPN IyWfLVdP;k fikohar
?kkywu R;kpsa fujh{k.k dj.ksa gk ,d jkstpk dakgha
osGpk m|ksxp lq:a >kykvkrak ;kojhy loZ ikVZ] ;akph uakosa dk;\
;akpk mi;ksx dk;\gh ekfgrh dkh feGokoh gk
izu gksrk- gh ekfgrh dksBs feGsy\ ;kfok;ha
iqLrdsa vlrkr gasp ekghr uOgras- vkf.k gs

lxGs ikVZ fod.kkjh nqdkusa vlrkr gsa d/kh

/;kuhaeuhap vkyas ukgha;kposGha deZ/keZla;ksxkus ,dk NksVkk
eqykpk o ek>k ifjp; >kyk- eyk izdkk;a=sa
r;kj dj.kkpk ,d Nan gksrk- eh ,d ^Ogw
izkstsDVj* r;kj dsyk gksrk- ek= iq<hy ysUl
eyk goh rkh feGr uOgrh- eh R;k ysUlP;k
kks/kakr gksrks- ;knjE;ku eh gkrkus fQjok;pk
,d fQYe izkstsDVj ?ksryk gksrk- R;klkBha
feG.kkjs fQYe jksy NksVs vlr- izkstsDVjojhy
mHks nksu jWkM ygku vlY;keqGsa eksBs jksy cl.ks
kD; uOgrs- gkrkus ,dk nakMkkP;k lgk;kus
vkf.k dakgha pakP;k enrhus rs NksVs jksy fQjrR;kosGha nakMkkps 5@25 jkaM >kys dha] rks
,d jksy lair vls- gh ,d vMp.k- nqljh
vMp.k izdkkkph rhozrk- fQYeP;k ekxs 100
oWkV~lpk ,o<k eksBk Xyksc ykowufg izkstsDVj ekxs
usu fp= eksBs dsY;kl rsa fQds gksr vlsizdkkkph rhozrk ok<fo.kklkBha 6 OgksYV 50
vWfEivjpk ,d NksVk yakcV cYc eyk feGkyk
gksrk- i.k R;klkBha rkk izdkjpk VkUlQWkeZj
dksBs r;kj dsyk tkrks ;kfok;ha eyk dkMhek=
ekfgrh uOgrh Eg.kwu rks ukn eh lksMwu fnyk-

uarj dakgha mskkus rs izkstsDVj ekhu loZ

uVcksYV dk<wu eksdGs dsysa- rks mskfg lQy
>kyk ukgh- iqUgk R;kps fQfVax d:a ykxyks rj
rs dkgh dsY;k tesuk R;keqGsa R;kps loZHkkx
,dk [kksD;akr ?kkywu Bsu fnysEkkxs mYys[k dsysY;k T;k
NksVkk eqykph vksG[k >kyh gksrh R;kyk
dq.kkdMwu rjh dGys dha] ettoG fQYe
izkstsDVj vkgs- rks iksjxk Hk;adj [kViV dj.kkjk
foy{k.k NakfnV vlY;kps eyk dGys- Qkjp
ygku gksrk rks! ,d fnol rks ek;kdMs vkyk
vkf.k Eg.kwa ykxyk]^vkIik] eyk rqepk fQYe
izkstsDVj nsrk dk\ gs igk eh 20:- vk.kys
vkgsr-* eh Eg.kkyks] rks 90 :i;akpk vkgsfunku 50:- rjh ?ksu ;s- iqUgk rks iGr xsyk
vkf.k ,d xksy dkp ?ksu vkyk vkf.k Eg.krks
dlk] ^vkIik gh ,d dkp vk.k[kh ?;k i.k
eyk rks izkstsDVj |k- ek;ktoG iSls ukghr
gks* dk; djk;ps ;k dkpsps] dk; mi;ksx bpk
vls Eg.kr eh rh dkp izdkkkP;k cktwl /k:u
lgt ikfgyh rj rh eyk goh vlysyh vxnh
lq;ksX; vkh ysUl gksrh- gk vyH; ykHk eyk
>kyk gksrk- i.k eh R;kyk rls nkZfoys ukgh-

Eg.kkyks]-rq>s gs 20-:i;s o dkp ?ksufg eyk

gs ijoMr ukgh i.k rqyk rks izkstsDVj nsrks ek=
eh rks [kksyY;keqGsa R;kps fQfVax rqyk te.ks
kD; ukgh- rwa brdk ygku] rsOgak dks.kkdMwu
rjh rks fQV d:u ?ks vls Eg.kwu lxGs R;kps
Hkkx uVcksYV oxSjs lxGkk oLrw vlysys rs
[kksds eh R;kyk fnys- dq.kh rqyk gs fQV d:u
fnys rj c?k ukghrj ijr vk.k- rq>s 20:rqyk eh ijr nsrks- rks gs loZ ,sd.kkP;k
eu%fLFkrhar eqGhp uOgrk- rksaMkus uqlrs gk gk
Eg.kr [kksds ?ksu rks iGr lqVykrh osG ldkGh ngkph vlkoh- eyk
rh ysUl feGkyh R;k vkuanakr eh ek;k izdkk
;a=kP;k] Ogw izkstsDVjP;k uknh ykxyks- iqs fHktfo.ksa] rs oGfo.ksa] R;kyk ysUlP;k ekikps xkGs
ikM.ksa ;k m|ksxakr eh xdZ >kyks- R;k fnokha
fQYe izkstsDVjp eh fnolHkj iw.kZi.ksa foljyksvkf.k la/;kdkGha foy{k.k peRdkj ?kMykfQYe izkstsDVjp ?ksu rks eqyxk iGr ;srakuk
fnlyk- vkIik vkIik Eg.kr rks ljG ?kjakr
fkjyk vkf.k Eg.kkyk]^vkIik] gk igk rqepk
fQYe izkstsDVj( ldkGiklwu [kViV d:u eh
rks laiw.kZ fQV dsyk-* eh vkp;Zpfdr vkf.k

Fk >kyks- ekdsZVe/kwu eh tlk vk.kyk gksrk

vxnh rlkp rks fnlr gksrk- ts eyk yk[k
[kViV d:u teys ukgh rs ;k xq<?;k,o<kk
iksjkus dakgha rklakr d:u nk[kfoys- rks vkuankus
mMkk ekjhr gksrk vkf.k eh R;kP;kdMs igkr
ikj gjowu xsyks gksrks- o;kP;k vo?;k 16O;k
okhZ egkjktakuh rksj.kk ftadwu LojkT;kpsa rksj.k
dls cak/kys vlsy R;kpk vxnh ?ko?kohr izR;;
ek;kleksj vlysY;k ;k ftoar mnkgj.kkus eyk
feGr gksrk- R;kP;k ;k vn~Hkwr ;kph ikorh
dks.kR;k kCnakr |koh ! eh dikV m?kMys vkf.k
20:- R;kP;k gkrakr Bsoys- ek>k daB nkVwu
vkyk- ek;k rksaMwu kCnp QqVsuk- eh dakghap
cksyr ukgh myV iSls ijr nsr vkgs gs ikgwu
R;kyk Qkj okbZV okVys- vxnh jMosyk gksu
vkf.k ckjhd rksaM d:u rks x;ko;k d:a
ykxyk( Eg.kwa ykxyk ^vkIik] gk eyk |k gks]
eh vk.k[khu iSls rqEgkl vk.kwu nsrks-* eh
dlkclk cksyyks] gs iSlsfg rq>s vkf.k izkstsDVjfg
rq>kp- ,o<s cksyyks vkf.k eyk jMwp QqVysaeyk dk; >kys gs R;k eqykus vkrak cjkscj gsjys
vkrak rks eksBk >kyk] eh NksVk >kyks- R;kus eyk
/k:u dWkVoj cloys vkf.k vakrY;k ?kjakrwu

10

ik.;kpk Xykl vk.kwu eyk nsr Eg.kaw ykxyk]

vkIik] gs ik.kh I;k c?kw vxksnj^eqykps ik; ikG.;akr fnlrkr* [kjsp eyk
R;k fnokh rs rls fnlys- eyk R;k eqyakr ,d
esdWfud] ,d VsfDufk;u xqIr lqIr vlY;kps
vxnh LiVi.ksa tk.koys- rks ek>k vxnh ?k
fe= cuyk&R;k osGsiklwu v|kiikosrksa&vxnh
vkt?kMhykfg- vkrak R;kpsa dso<s eksBs iWkk
nqdku vkgs-dyj Vh-Ogh- vkf.k dWkEI;qVj[ksjht
rks brj dkeakuk gkr ykohr ukgh- R;kps yXu
>kys vkgs- ck;dks lqLo:i vkgs- R;kyk ,d
eqyxh vkgs- vkrak rks eksBk ekynkj >kyk vkgsvkrak R;kP;k gkrk[kkyh pakxys fLdYM 2
VsfDufk;u vkgsr- vkyhkku [kqphZoj clysyk
vlrks- eh R;kP;kdMs d/kh xsyks dha] vkIik!!
vls Eg.kr ,dne mHkkp jgkrks- vkt R;kP;k
ek;ke/;sa] dksBs }kjdspk jk.kk vkf.k dqBs
lqnkenso vls f?klkM varj iMys vkgs- brds
vlwufg ygkui.kkpk rks vn~Hkwr jE; dkG rksfg
fol: kdr ukgh vkf.k eh ns[khyHkqbZyk fnlr uOgra vla gs gGdqaMk,o<a
iksj] iGr?kkor fnolakrwu 10@20 osGak rjh
ek;kdMs ;k;pa- bysDVWkfuDl {ks=akrhy funku

11

8 rs 10 okkph ,dfg fnol [kkMk u gksrk

,d= pkyysyh okVpky gk pkGhar vkf.k
vklikl ,d peRdkjkpk fok; >kyk gksrkvaxakr eGdk cfu;u] v/khZ ph]
ik;akr pIiy ukgh] MksD;kojhy dsl vLrkO;Lr
vlysya vla gs iksjxa vkIIik vkIik Eg.kr
lkj[ka iGr ;k;pa- dakgharjh dj.kkpa ,d
>ikVysi.k R;kP;akr gksra- dq.kkpa dakgha mpywu
vk.kk;pa] ?kjakr ckgsj ekj [kk;pa] c?kk gks
vkIik]^eyk vkbZus ekjya vkkk] vls Eg.kr R;k
eGD;k cfu;uusa MksGs iqlk;pa- dakgha {k.kakrp gs
loZ fol:u R;kph /kkoiG lq:a Ogk;ph- R;kP;k
NanklkBha eh dakgha oLrw o FkksMsQkj iSlsfg
|k;pks- i.k rso<;kus dqBs Nan iqjk gksrks dk\
R;kph Qkj llsgksyiV gksa ykxyh- ex ek= eh
R;kyk pakxyk mpywu /kjk;ps Bjfoys- ekxs
ek;k bysDVWkfuDlP;k Nanakr rks vkiksvkip
lgHkkxh >kyk- uarj rj R;kyk 2@2 ksa
:i;akP;k oLrw&esdWfu>e] vWlsacYM cksMZ]
VkUlQWkeZj] Lihdj vkk [kjsnh d:u nsa
ykxyks- ex ek= ;k eqykus dkr Vkdyh- rks
vkrak O;ofLFkr jkgwa ykxyk- vkrak R;akrhy [kjk
dykdkj izdV gksa ykxyk- xakoHkj R;kph

12

pGoG iljr pkyyh- i.k gk Qkj iq<pk fok;

vkgs- eyk eq[;r% gs iksjxa vxnh ygku gksra
R;k osGph gdhdr rikhyakr lakxk;ph vkgsdkj.k ek;k HkheizfrKskha frpk Qkj ?kfuB
laca/k vkgs- ;klkBha vki.k iwohZpk ewG fok;
iqUgk pkyw Bsow&
ekxs lakfxrY;kizek.ksa rks LoPN
dsysyk cksMZ gkrakr ?ksu eh fopkj djhr gksrksrsOg<kakr gk NksVk eqyxk vkyk- R;kus cksMZ
ikfgyk vkf.k {k.kk/kkr rks Eg.kkyk] vkIik] gk
VsijsdWkMZjpk cksMZ vkgs- eyk vkp;Z okVys- gs
,o<al iksjxa] ;kyk gs dla dGya\ rks xakoakr
lxGhdMs
fHkfjfHkjh
fQjk;pk
R;keqGsa
bysDVWkfuDlP;k nqdkuakr uqlrs mHkk jkgwu R;kyk
iqdG xksVh letY;k gksR;k- gsM dlk vlrks
rs R;kus eyk dqBY;krjh nqdkuakrwu xsysyk gsM
mpywu vk.kyk gksrk rks nk[koyk- cksMZojhy
c;kpkk ikVZph uakosfg R;kus eyk lakfxryhR;kyk uhV ekfgrh ulyh rjh eyk R;kpk cjkp
mi;ksx gksa ykxyk- eh R;kyk ,dnak Eg.kkyks]
dk; js ;kph iqLrdsa vlrkr dk\ rks iGr xsyk
vkf.k ,d yakcV ikj QkVysys iqLrd ?ksu
vkyk vkf.k Eg.kkyk nqdkuakr gh iqLrdsa

13

vlrkr- gas baxzth vkgas] rqEgkyk dGsy] okpkikfgys rj rs jsfMvks lfdZV Mk;xzWepsa iqLrd
gksrs- rsa lxGs lkbZu yXoste/;sa gksrs- R;akrwu
dakgha cks/k gksbZuk- R;kyk Eg.kkyks] dk; js ;kph
izkFkfed lksih iqLrdsa feGrkr dk\ rsOgk rks
Eg.kkyk] ^^vgks vkIik] fiaijhyk ;k lxGkk
ikVZl~ph eksBeksBh nqdkusa vkgsr vkf.k ,dk
nqdkuakr dkpsP;k dikVakr eh iqdG iqLrdsafg
ikfgyh vkgsr] pyk eh rqEgkl rsa nqdku
nk[korks-** vkEgh fiaijhl xsyks- R;kus eyk rsa
nqdku nk[kfoysa- dkpsP;k dikVakr vksGhus
ykoysyh iqdG iqLrdsa gksrha- lqjokrhl baxzth
iqLrd ?;k;ps ukgha vls eh vxksnjp Bjfoys
gksrsa- rsFksa ejkBh rj uOgrhp- rsOgk eh fganh
iqLrdsa ikgwa ykxyks- i.k rh fofkB ifjHkkkk
vkf.k lkbZu yXosteqGsa eyk rh dBh.k okVyhuarj pkGrak pkGrak nksu usedh lkiMyh,dke/;sa lxGs ikVZ QksVksxzkfQd Eg.kts
fiDpksfjvy i)rhus fizaV dsys gksrs vkf.k [kkyh
R;akph uakosa fnyh gksrha- nql;k iqLrdakr
VsijsdWkMZjps fujfujkGs Mk;xzWe vkf.k lfdZV cksMZ
QksVksxzkfQd i)rhus fizaV dsys gksrs- eyk gh nksu
iqLrdsa Eg.kts vewY; Bsok okVyk- ;k iqLrdak}kjsa

14

ek>k bysDVWkfuDl {ks=akr [k;kvFkhZ izosk >kykrks /kqrysyk cksMZ ;k iqLrdakeqGsa eyk gGaw gGaw
letaw ykxyk- i.k vtwu [kwi yakcpk iYyk
xkBk;pk gksrk- gh Q izkFkfed eqGk{kjsa gksrhvkrak eh ,d ?kkV ?kkryk dha] QqyosOg
jsfDVQk;j] vWfEIyQk;j] izh vWfEIyhQk;j vkh
NksVh lfdZV~l izFke r;kj djk;ph- R;kizek.ksa
cjhp lfdZV~l r;kj dsyh- uarj eyk 4
tranzistar vkf.k TBA Ic 810 pk vk;rk
vWlsacYM cksMZ feGkyk- R;k cksMZlaca/kha
rikhyakr ekfgrh ns.kkjsa ,d iqLrdfg feGkyaR;koj Iys vkf.k jsdWkfMx nksUgh gksr vls- uarj
ek;k y{kakr vkys dha] Iys vkf.k jsdWkfMx
vxnh lkekU; izrhps gksrs rjhi.k VsijsdWkMZjpk
vkj- ih- LohpP;k vusdfo/k dusDkuakpk vkf.k
brj dakgha xksVhlaca/khapk rks ,d vknkZ cksMZ
vkgs- dusDkUl dkh psat gksrkr] jsdWkfMxlkBha
okijysyh brj NksVh lfdZV~l dkh vlrkr]
R;akph dk; t:jh vlrs ;kpk eh ckjdkbZus
vH;kl dsyk- uarjP;k dkGakr eh jsdWkfMxph
vfHkuo vkf.k ntsZnkj i)rh fodflr dsyhfrpk Jhx.kskk Eg.kts ojhy cksMZ gks;- brj

15

vusd cksMZis{kk let.kkl gk Qkj lqyHk vkgsuarj jsdWkfMx mP;izrhps gks.kklkBha eh

lakks/kukyk
lqjokr dsyh- uarj eksBeksBkk
daiU;akps vusd oksZ okijY;kuarj fudkeh >kysys
cksMZ eyk R;k eqykusp iqjfoys- rs cksMZ Ic
mMkY;keqGsa fudkeh >kys gksrs i.k lfdZV~jh
lxGh tkX;koj gksrh- R;akpk vH;kl dj.kkl
lqjokr dsyh- ek= ,dkfg cksMkZph vWlsaCyh
ek;k eukyk iVsuk- ksoVh lxGs Vkdwu vxnh
Lora= lakks/kukl lqjokr dsyh- jsdWkfMxlkBha
,dw.k 7 lsDkupk mi;ksx djkok ykxrks- vkf.k
uarj rh 7 lfdZV~l ,desdakuk tksMwu jsdWkfMx
cksMZ r;kj gksrks- R;k lkrfg lsDkulkBha vla[;
iz;ksx dsys- R;akps LisvjikVZ vk.k.kklkBha gtkjks
:i;akpk /kwj >kyk- ksdMks QwV lWkYMj ok;j
HkLelkr >kyh- rCcy 2@3 okkP;k iz;Rukuarj
eyk R;akr cjsp eksBs ;k vkys- R;kuarj Lakiw.kZ
;k ;k;yk R;akr c;kp lq/kkj.kk dsY;k- ek>k
ifgY;kiklwu ,d g gksrk] rks vlk dha] ek>k
gk jsdWkfMxpk laiw.kZ cksMZ vkf.k&To drive
cassette&dWlsV

fQjfo.kkph

;a=.kk

Eg.kts

16

mechanisam ;k nksUgh Q 6 volt D. C.oj

pkyY;k ikfgtsr- R;keqGsa ,[kk|k lfdZVyk
tkLr OgksYVstph t:jh ykxrs] vls fnlys dha]
eh R;kps lfdZV fM>kbZu cnyr vls- nqljh
xksV Eg.kts vkfFkZdV;k rks vxnh lkekU;
ek.klkykfg ijoMyk ikfgts vkf.k jsdWkfMxpk
ntkZfg pakxyk vlyk ikfgts- ;klkBha 2@3 oks
eh vfoJakr ifjJe dsys- eh r;kj dsysyk vlk
cksMZ rqEgkl 10 gtkj :i;akP;k VsijsdWkMZe/;safg
feG.kkj ukgh- vxnh l fijxGwu la;kpk jl
dk<kok rkh djker eh dsyh vkgs- R;keqGsa
ek>k cksMZ LoLr vkf.k eLr vkgs vlk nkok eh
fu%kadi.ksa d:a kdrks- tkh xk; cgq nq/kh
vkf.k vk[kwM fkaxh Eg.kts xkbZusa nw/kfg Hkjiwj
fnys ikfgts vkf.k frph fkaxsfg vk[kwM ikfgtsr
rlk dakghslk gk izdkj >kyk vkgs- vusd xk;d
o xkf;dk ;akps jsdWkfMx eh ;kp cksMZoj djhr
vlrks- gsa uwru foo eh dls fuekZ.k d:a
kdyks] ;kpsa jgL; vls dha] eh baxztharhy
vfrk; izfrFk;k vkk ys[kdakP;k iqLrdakpsa
okpu lq:a dsyas- R;keqGsa ek>h fFkvjh vxnh
ih >kyh- ek= xaer vkh >kyh dha] eh ;k

17

fFkvjhe/;sa brdk jaxwu xsyks vkf.k brdk rYyhu

>kyks dha] toG toG 6 efgus VsijsdWkMZj tlk
dakgha eh fol:up xsyks- gh fFkvjh vfrk;
vn~Hkwr vkf.k foLe;dkjd vkgs- v.kwokLrokkL= Eg.kts vWVWkfed fQftDl gas
LVDpjy vlras- Eg.kts ejkBhar R;kyk v.kwph
?kVuk o jpuk vls Eg.kaw kdrks- rj v.kw
ra=kkL=] bysDVWkfuDl gas QaDkuy vkgas- ;kph
fFkvjh brdh lw{eakr tkrs dha] gGw gGw fdR;sd
xksVh vWCLVWDV gksa ykxrkr- eyk ;akrwu ,d
uohup Vh feGkyh- fdacgquk ek>s MksGs
[kkM~du m?kMys- v/;kRe rj ;kfgis{kak lw{e
vkgs- foKkukus dso<h v;qP; Hkjkjh ekjyh- rjh
vkdkk ro kkL=Kakuk vtwufg uhVls myxMys
ukgha- roKkukP;k IkzkUrakr vkdkk Eg.kts
vodkk Eg.kts Lisl gas tMro ekuyas vkgasrks ,d lcLVUl vkgs- eWVj vkgs] inkFkZ vkgs^vkReu% vkdkk% laHkwr%* vkh Jqrh vkgsv/;kRe dekyhps lw{e vkgs-vktP;k ikjekfFkZd
{ks=kyk fuOoG /kuxjh oG.k ykxyas vkgasfkdysys vkf.k fcufkdysys ,dw.k lxGk jh
yksdakpk esGkok r;kj >kyk vkgs- ftoar

18

jljflri.kk Eg.kts /k`;qRlkglefUor rs jkfgys

ukgh- eqnkZM Lo:i R;kyk vkyas vkgsabysDVWkfuDlP;k fFkvjhar eh tltlk [kksyoj
xsyks rkh gh xksV eyk izdkkZus tk.koaw ykxyhrlrlk roKkukpk izakr eyk ftoar gksu
mByk-;k v.kqra=kkL=kpk eh Qkj vkHkkjh vkgs
osnkUrks foKkua n{krkpsfr kDr;% frL=% A
rklak LFkS;sZ fuR;a kkfUr le`f)ZHkfo;fr txfrAA
vlk eh ,d yksdp r;kj d:u Vkdyk--vlksVsijsdWkMZje/;sa 7 lsDku dk vlrkr] R;k
e/khy lfdZV~l vkhp fM>kbZu dk dsyh tkrkr
R;akps useds dk;Z dk; vlrs]R;kekxhy vkp;Zdkjd fFkvjh ;kpsa Dofpr~ ,[kk|k VsfDufk;uyk
Kku vlrs- [kjsp peRdkj okVkok vls gs
vn~Hkwr kkL= vkgs- lk/kk vWkflysVj ?;k rks
yksdy vWkflysku fDosUlh r;kj djrks- gh
vYVklWkfud
fQDosUlh
Eg.kts
Loukrhr
daiula[;k gh gk; fDosUlh ekuoh dku xzg.k
d:a kdr ukghr- letk gh fDosUlh ,dk
lsdUnakr 20 gtkj gV~Z> brdh vlsy rj R;k
lfdZVe/khy VWfU>LVj ,dk lsdUnakr frrD;k
osGak vWku vWkQ gksrks- ,dk lsdUnakr rks deh
osG vWku vWkQ >kyk rj rso<h fDosUlh

19

r;kjp gks.kkj ukgh- jsdWkfMx flXuy ljG gsMyk

nsu jsdWkfMx dsys rj vkokt vfrk; for
o peRdkfjd ;srks- dkj.k eWXusfVd jsdWkfMx
e/;sap eqGakr gk nksk vkgs dha] gs flXuYl
jsdWkfMx gksrkuk vfrk; fMLVWkVZ gksrkr- R;akpk
vWfIyVkwM vfu;fer gksrks- ;klkBha vWkflysVj
lsDkuph t:jh ykxrs- ;kyk ck;flax Eg.krkrgh fDosUlh jsdWkfMx flXuye/;sa vWM dsyh
Eg.kts rs fyfu;j gksu jsdWkfMx mke gksrs- ;k
,-lh- ck;flaxpk kks/k teZuhus izFke ykoykrkhp fLFkrh ,-,y-lh-lfdZVph&vWVkseWfVd
ysoy dUVksy ph vkgs- xk.ks vFkok Hkkk.k lknj
djrkuk ek.klkpk vkokt fVispk p<yk rj
flXuYlpk vWfIyV;wM e;kZnsis{kk tkLr gksrks
R;keqGsa rso<kk {k.kk/kkr vkoktakr fofr fuekZ.k
gksrs- vls gksa u;s Eg.kts vkokt le ikrGhar
jgkok Eg.kwu ,-,y-lh-lfdZV okijrkrIys vFkok jsdWkfMxP;kosGha flXuYlph ysoy
nk[kfo.kkjk bafUMdsVj] gsfg lfdZV Qkj mi;q
vkgs- eh ;akr ,dp ,y-bZ-Mh-& ykbZV ,fefVax
Mk;ksM vkf.k ,dp VWfU>LVj oki:u lqyHk dsys
vkgs-

20

;k jsdWkfMxP;k {ks=akr eh Qkj eksBk m|ksx

dsyk- vusdfo/k iz;ksx dsys vkf.k bloh lu
1888 iklwu vktikosrksa tsa lakks/ku >kysa R;kpk
fgLVkfjdy fjOgw gas ek;k vH;klkpsa [kkl
oSfkBk vkgs;kuarj eh Vh-Ogh-dMs oGyks&CyWd vWUM OgkbZVvkf.k R;akrfg fofo/k iz;ksx d:u izR;sd
lsDkupsa dk;Z brj lsDku osxGs d:u ikfgys]
vxnh ckjdkbZus- vk;- ,Q~- flXuy lsDku]
vk;-,Q~- vWfEIyQk;j] iakp izdkjps vWkfMvks
fOgfMvks flXuYl] R;akr OgfVZdy vkf.k gWkfj>WUVy flXuYl] Cyfdax iYlsl bR;kfn- fiDpj
V;wcph jpuk] fMysDku dWkbZypsa dk;Z] rlsp
bZ-,p-Vh-& ,DLVk gk; VsUku VkUlQWkeZj] R;akrwu
11 gtkj rs 18 gtkj OgksYV dls r;kj gksrs
vkf.k R;kP;keqGsa fiDpjV;wc dkh czkbZV gksrs
fdaok Lhu dlk r;kj gksrks- ;klkBha jsfMesM
cksMZ eqGhp u okijrk izR;sd lsDkupsa Lora=
lfdZV r;kj d:u vkf.k rh loZ lfdZV~l
,desdakuk tksMwu ,d lqVlqVhr cksMZ r;kj dsykrlsp iWkoj lIyk;fg dekyhpk Ogsfjvsku
fojfgr] vfrk; fLFkj vlk r;kj dsyk-

21

;kuarj ek= laiw.kZ bysDVWkfud {ks=kyk

nqjs?kh ekjyh- ;kyk 5 oks >kyh- vkrak ygku
i.kkiklwuP;k fQyWklWkQh vkf.k fjfytu ;k
{ks=kdMs oGyks vkgs- ,d okkZiwohZ eh fganw
thou i)rhyk vuqlj.kkjh ,d fnunfkZdk r;kj
dsyh- frps Lo:i fokn dj.kklkBha eh vksGhus
3 ys[k fyfgys vkf.k R;akrhy fujfujkGkk
kdklkBha izR;sdh ,d ;kizek.ks 4@5 ys[k
fyfgys- vkf.k ekSt vkh dha] R;k lokps eh
ek;k vkoktakr jsdWkfMx dsys vkgs- R;kP;k
5@6 dWlsV~l r;kj >kY;k vkgsrbfr ys[kulhek
11@8@2004-

22

23

-+

24

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