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Geronimo
WARM UP EXERCISE
Example 1
A grade six teacher asked her class of 42 students
when they studied for her class the previous
weekend. Their responses were as follows:
9 said they studied on Friday
18 said they studied on Saturday
30 said they studied on Sunday
3 said they studied on both Friday and Saturday
10 said they studied on both Saturday and Sunday
6 said they studied on both Friday and Sunday
2 said they studied on Friday, Saturday, and
Sunday
Example 1
Assuming that all 42 students responded and
answered honestly, answer the following
questions:
How many students studied on Sunday but
not on either Friday or Saturday?
How many students did all their studying on
one day?
How many students did not study at all for
this class last weekend?
Example 1
Friday
Saturday
2
2
4
8
2
16
Sunday
Example 1
Assuming that all 42 students responded and
answered honestly, answer the following questions:
How many students studied on Sunday but not on
either Friday or Saturday? 16
How many students did all their studying on one day? 25
How many students did not study at all for this class
last weekend? 2
Example 2
Example 2
GORGS
10
GORPS
20
20
10
GOOPS
30
Example 3
Example 3
Example 4
On a balance scale, two spools and one
thimble balance 8 buttons.
Also, one spool balances one thimble and
one button. How many buttons will
balance one spool?
Part-Whole Model
In this model, a whole is divided into two
or more parts.
When the parts are known, we can find
the whole by addition.
When the whole and one part are known,
we can find the unknown part by
subtraction.
Example 5
Donna spent PhP240 on a photo album.
When she spent 3/8 of her remaining
money on a novel; after which half of her
money was left.
How much did Donna spend on the novel?
What fraction of her money did Donna
spend on her photo album?
Example 5
Donna spent PhP240 on a photo album. When she
spent 3/8 of her remaining money on a novel; after
which half of her money was left.
240
Photo
Album
Novel
240
Money Left
120
Example 5
How much did Donna spend on the novel?
P360
What fraction of her money did Donna spend on her photo
album?
2/10 or 1/5
240
Photo
Album
Novel
240
Money Left
120
Example 6
There are 240 cows and goats on a farm.
Three-fifths of the goats is equal to 3/7 of the
cows.
Find the difference in the number of cows and
goats in a farm.
GOATS:
240
COWS:
difference
Example 6
Find the difference in the number of cows and
goats in a farm. 40
12
240
20
40
GOATS:
240
COWS:
difference
Comparison Model
In this model, two or more quantities are
compared.
If the two quantities are given, we can find
their difference or ratio.
If one quantity and either the difference or
ratio is given, we can find the other
quantity.
Example 7
JB, James and Joseph collected 242
soda cans for the school recycling
campaign.
James collected twice as many soda
cans as JB.
Joseph collected four times as many
soda cans as James.
How many more cans did Joseph collect
than JB?
Example 7
JB, James and Joseph collected 242 soda cans for the school
recycling campaign.
James collected twice as many soda cans as JB.
Joseph collected four times as many soda cans as James.
How many more cans did Joseph collect than JB?
JB:
James:
Joseph:
242
Example 7
11
242
154
22
JB:
James:
242
Joseph:
154
Example 8
Claire, Pam and Tanya have 500 stickers
among themselves.
Pam has 5 more stickers than Claire.
Tanya has thrice as many stickers as
Pam.
How many stickers has Tanya?
Example 8
C:
P:
T:
500
5
Example 8
5
500
20
480
96
C:
P:
T:
500
5
5
+ 15
303
Before-After Model
When a quantity or quantities change, a
comparison is made between the new
value(s) and the original value(s).
This is sometimes combined with the
comparison method in the more
complicated word problems.
Example 9
Mike and Sarah had a total of PhP540.
Mike spent PhP240. He now has three
times as much money as Sarah.
How much more money had Mike than
Sarah at first?
Example 9
Mike and Sarah had a total of PhP540.
Mike spent PhP240. He now has three times as much
money as Sarah.
How much more money had Mike than Sarah at first?
Before
After
Sarah:
Mike:
240
540
300
Example 9
4
300
75
Before
After
Sarah:
Mike:
240
540
300
390
Example 10
The number of pupils who passed a
mathematics test is 108 more than the
number of pupils who failed.
If 36 more pupils pass the test, the
number of passers will be 10 times the
number of failures.
Find the number of pupils who took the
test.
Example 10
The number of pupils who passed a mathematics test is 108
more than the number of pupils who failed.
If 36 more pupils pass the test, the number of passers will
be 10 times the number of failures.
Find the number of pupils who took the test.
Actual
Passed:
Failed:
3
6
3
6
108
If
Example 10
2
+2
3
6
+ 108
180
Actual
Passed:
Failed:
11
2
9
1
+ 9
If
3
6
4 108
6
1
3
566
220
180
20
Example 11
One third of a number is 13 less than one-half of that number. What is the
number?
+ 13 =
2x + 78 = 3x
x = 78
Example 11
One third of a number is 13 less than one-half of that number. What is the
number?
78
13
78
Acknowledgment
Special thanks to A/P Flordeliza Francisco
of Ateneo de Manila University for most of
the examples used in this presentation.