Chemical Reactions

What is a chemical
reaction?
In

a chemical
reaction one or more
new substances are
formed.

New

substances
(products) are
formed from the old
substances
(reactants)

What is a chemical
reaction?

For example, the

burning sparkler:

The black crusty

substance and the
white smoke are
new substances

Completely different
from those of the
original sparkler.

What is a chemical
reaction?
Chemical

reactions
cannot easily
be reversed.
You

cannot
get the
sparkler back
once you
have burnt it.

Signs of a chemical reaction

The signs for

recognising when a
chemical reaction
has occurred are
listed here (copy
these).

Sometimes only
one of these things
happens, at other
times several
things happen.

Physical changes
When

liquid
water freezes, ice
forms.

The

freezing of
water to ice is
called a physical
change as NO
new product is
formed.

Physical changes

For example, water

is a liquid and can
be poured.

Ice is a solid and

cannot be poured,
but it is still water.

Also, you can usually

reverse a physical
change- ice can melt
into water easily.

Reactants and products

The reactants are

the substances
you start with and
which react with
each other.

The products are

the new
substances
produced in the
reaction.

Reactants and products

For example, vinegar

reacted with baking
soda to produce
bubbles of gas that
caused fizzing.

So in this case the

vinegar and baking
soda are reactants,
and the gas (called
carbon dioxide) is the
product.

Acid vs. Base

Properties of Acids

Properties of Bases

Taste sour

Taste bitter, chalky

Can reacts with metals to produce

React with acids to form salts

hydrogen gas

and water

React with bases to form a salt

and water

pH is less than 7

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pH greater than 7

Examples of acids in lives

Lemon juice

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Vinegar

Toilet cleaner

Examples of bases in lives

Soap
Kitchen cleaner

Baking soda
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pH Scale

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NEUTRALISATION
Neutralisation is the reaction between acid (pH<
7) and base (pH >7) that produces water and
neutral salt (pH = 7)

For example:
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide
HCl

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NaOH

H 2O

water + sodium chloride (salt)

+

NaCl

COMBUSTION
Combustion is the process of
burning!
Oxygen (O2) is necessary for
combustion to happen!

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Writing Equations
To write an equation, you need to
1.Identify the reactant and product of the reaction
2. List them on each side of the arrow
3. Balance your equation, so that the number of
each element is the same on both side of the
equation

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Writing Equations
(Practice!)
Write a word and chemical equation for combustion of
methane gas (CH4)
Write a word and chemical equation for combustion of
magnesium metal (Mg)

*You can refer on page 77 and 79

on your textbook
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Writing Equations
(Answers
Complete combustion of methane (CH4) gas
Word:
Methane + Oxygen
Carbon dioxide + Water
Chemical:
CH4 +

2O2

CO2 + 2H2O

Combustion of magnesium (Mg)

Word:
Magnesium + Oxygen
Magnesium Oxide
Chemical:
2Mg +

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O2

2MgO