qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi

institutis perioduli samecniero Jurnali) tomi XII, gv., 399-402

nana xabuliani

besarion JRenti niko lorTqifaniZis

cxovrebis Sesaxeb

mwerloba odiTganve iyo motrfiale mSvenierebisa, amaRlebisa da

keTilSobilebisa an ukeT, rogorc barnovi ityoda, "gardauvali
WeSmaritebisa, Seuryeveli keTilisa". WeSmariti mwerloba ara marto
gamomxatvelia mowinave azrisa, aramed am mowinave azrisaTvis mxatvruli
fenomenis, esTetikuri mniSvnelobis mimniWebelic aris.
cnobili qarTveli kritikosi besarion JRenti literaturul-
kritikul statiebSi aSuqebs qarTuli mwerlebis ganviTarebis
naxevarsaukunovan gzas. ilaSqrebs socialisturi realizmis
literaturisaTvis. besarion JRenti iyo qarTuli futurizmis erT-erTi
cnobili Teoretikosi da organizatori. mis interesebSi Sedioda
erovnuli kulturis TiTqmis yvela dargi.
aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom besarion JRenti mwerlebis Semoqmedebas
ganixilavda mimdinare procesebTan mimarTebaSi, amitom XX saukunis
qarTuli literaturuli kritikis istoria gverds ver auvlis besarion
JRentis Rvawls.
didi siyvaruli gamoxata b. JRentma niko lorTqifaniZis mimarT:
"qarTuli klasikuri mwerlobis saxelovan realistur da demokratiul
tradiciebze aRzrdilma, am tradiciebis Rirseulma memkvidrem da
gamgrZelebelma, organulad SeaTanxma da daakavSira Cveni erovnuli
kulturis magistralur gezTan meoce saukunis ruseTisa da evropis
esTetikuri azris saukeTeso miRwevebi da monapovari da swored am gziT
novatoruli roli Seasrula uaxlesi qarTuli mwerlobis istoriaSi...".
niko lorTqifaniZis adreul SemoqmedebaSi mkveTrad ixateba
impresionistuli gavlena.
beso JRenti sworad SeniSnavs Tavis wignSi: niko lorTqifaniZis
moqalaqeobrivi saxe, misi sazogadoebrivi mrwamsi da idealebi ori
saukunis mijnaze Cvens qveyanaSi aRmocenebuli diadi klasobrivi brZolebis
qariSxalTan viTarebaSi Camoyalibda. rogorc cnobilia, 1905-07 ww.
revoluciam gansakuTrebiT farTo gasaqani hpova saqarTveloSi da am did
moZraobas gamoexmaura mTeli qarTuli mwerloba.
erovnuli problematika, romelic qarTveli mwerlobis mTavar Temas
warmoadgenda, b. JRentis TqmiT, niko lorTqifaniZis adrindel novelebSi
mkrTaladaa gamoxatuli. kritikosi gamoyofs 1908 wels Seqmnil
miniaturebs. "molodini", asea dasaTaurebuli misi erT-erTi miniatura,
dawerili 1908 wels. am mcire moculobis beletristul nawarmoebSi
gadmocemulia cxovrebis ganmaaxlebel ZalTa damarcxebiT SeSfoTebuli
adamianis mRelvare suliskveTeba. b. JRenti gamoyofs mxatvruli
publicistikis iseT iSviaT nimuSs, rogoricaa "saqarTvelo iyideba" -
"esaa Semzaravi monologi qveynis darbeva-ganadgurebiT ukiduresad
aRSfoTebuli adamianis suliskveTebisa". masSi dauzogavad, amaRlebuli
ZaliT aris warmosaxuli Cveni samSoblos bedi TviTmpyrobelobis veluri
koloniuri politikis pirobebSi da es Semzaravi monologi, qveynis
darbeviTa da ganadgurebiT ukiduresad aRSfoTebuli adamianis
suliskveTebis gamomTqmeli mRelvare monologi mTavrdeba moTqma-godebiT:
"iyideT barem mTlad, gaweweT da gaglijeT, rasac saqarTvelo erqva da
rac dRes oxrad darCenili aZRebs yornebs da guls uklavs uZlur
Wirisuflebs".
erovnuli problema ufro mwvaved dasva mweralma Tavis istoriul
romanebSi. kritikosi ganixilavs "JamTa siaves", "raindebs", "mrisxane
batons".
"JamTa siaveSi" gamoxatuli is erTi Strixi, rodesac Tavad iulonis
mdidrul sasaxleSi didebuli nadimis dros gamarTul Widaobaze saWidaod
gamosuli glexis biWs tansacmeli ver gaaxdevines, radgan gasaxdeli
araferi gaaCnda.
mwerali gviCvenebs mSromeli adamianis srul uuflebobas, misi yvela
adamianuri Rirsebisa da sasicocxlo interesis daundoblad fexqveS
gaTelvas mZvinvare feodalebis mxriv. "JamTa siavis" gmirma, Tavadma
iulonma Seubraleblad gangmira mowyalebis saTxovnad mosuli glexi
mxolod imitom, rom es ukanaskneli uneblied mowme gaxda iulonis mier
sakuTari dedis mokvlisa.
"JamTa siaveSi" Cvens Tvalwin cocxldeba saqarTvelos istoriis is
xana, rodesac mraval uTanasworo brZolaSi sisxlisagan daclili
saqarTvelo daqucmacebulia wvril samefoebad da samTavroebad. odesRac
Zlieri, ayvavebuli, kulturuli Semoqmedebis umaRles safexurze
aRzevebuli saqarTvelo daukninebia, gauRatakebia da umecrebis wyvdiadSi
gauxvevia gareSe mtrebis sisxlian TaraSs da feodaluri partikularizmis
borot stiqias. eris yvelaze fxizeli da gonebagaxsnili Svilebi mwvaved
ganicdian qveynis aseT xvedrs da amaod ocneboben samSoblos warsuli
mTlianobisa da didebis aRdgenaze.
"JamTa siave" da "mrisxane batoni" feodaluri tiraniis, aRviraxsnili
araadamianuri sisastikis kidev ufro Semzaravi suraTebis SesaniSnavi
gamoxatulebaa, romlebic yvelaze damaxasiaTebeli nawarmoebebia niko
lorTqifaniZis istoriuli warsulis TvalsazrisiT.
"mrisxane batonis" Tavadi levanis monumenturad daxatul saxeSi
mweralma didi ganzogadoebuli ZaliT gadmogvca feodaluri despotiis
mZvinvare buneba. sakuTari Zmis damamxobeli, oblad darCenili Zmiswulis
Sesamusravad amxedrebuli levani SiSis zars scems yovelives Tavis
garSemo. rogori gulqvaobiTa da ukiduresi araadamianuri sisastikiT
awama man axalgazrda tyispireli glexi, gulubryvilo, udanaSaulo
Wabuki. gabatonebul wodebaSi gavrcelebuli es daundobloba,
gautanloba da boroteba gavlenas axdenda TviT xalxis zneobriv
samyarozec, rodesac odiSis mTavris msaxurT levanTan mihyavdaT
Sepyrobili zedatyiselTa mociqulebi, maT gzad SemoeyaraT levanis
Zmiswuli vaxtangi. ymawvils Seebrala sastiki wamebisaTvis ganwiruli
glexebi da gaaTavisufla isini. zedatyiselebma uzomo madlierebiT miiRes
maTi mociqulebis ganTavisufleba, magram Semdeg rom warmoidgines, Tu ra
risxvas daatexda maT levani mis saZulvel ZmiswulTan damegobrobisaTvis,
glexebma gadawyvites moenadirebinaT mrisxane batonis guli da misTvis
miegvaraT SeboWili vaxtangi.
mwerali simarTliT amxels feodaluri aristokratiis wreebSi
dasadgurebul zneobriv aRvirasaxsnilobasa da gaxrwnilobas.
kritikosis TqmiT, mwerlis Semoqmedebis mTavari mizania,
gamamxnevebeli sityva uTxras Tavis damonebul samSoblos. moxuci otias
imediani rwmena "... Cveni droc dadgeba odesme" - haerSi gamokidebuli
optimizmi rodia, igi erTi naTeli Strixia Semoqmedebis optimisturi
suliskveTebisa da marto am moTxrobis dedaazri ki ara, aramed mTeli
Semoqmedebis laitmotivicaa.
besarion JRenti Tvlis, rom humanisturi koncefcia erT-erTi
ganmsazRvrelia niko lorTqifaniZis Semoqmedebisa. amis dasturad
ganixilavs "Tavsafrian dedakacs". kritikosi aRniSnavs, rom es nawarmoebi
"maRali adamianobis, adamianis sulieri mSvenebis da sispetakis
STamagonebeli sagalobelia...".
vai-vaglaxiTa da tanjva-wamebiT dazarda qvrivma dedakacma Tavisi
oblebi, gzaze daayena yvela maTgani, moeswro SviliSvilebsac. mSobliuri
mzrunvelobiT, dauRalavad datrialebs Tavs da dahxaris maT uzomod
mosiyvarule bebia, magram aseve uzomod amayi da mediduri suli cxovrobs
am mravaltanjuli adamianis bunebaSi. umadurma qaliSvilma SebRala misi
Tavmoyvareoba da es sakmarisi gamodga imisaTvis, rom "Tavsafrian
dedakacs" gadaewyvita, gaqceuliyo, samudamod gacloda mis ojaxs, mis
naloliaveb sacodavad gazrdil Svilebsa da quCaSi xetialSi
daesrulebina tanjuli sicocxle.
mweralma Zalian mcire formaSi Caatia amodena tragedia qalisa. sxva
mwerals ki SeeZlo mravaltomiani romani mieZRvna am TemisaTvis. kritikosi
ambobs: "es erTi saukeTeso nawarmoebia Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvruli
prozisa... "
mweralma dagvixata iseTi mkafio, cocxali saxe, mkveTrad gamoxatuli
xasiaTi gmirisa, romelsac iSviaTad Tu SexvdebiT Tanamedrove qarTul
literaturaSi. xasiaTis srulyofilad gamoxatvisa da misi didi
ganzogadoebiTi Zalis mxriv es saxe SegviZlia gverdSi amouyenoT ilia
WavWavaZis "oTaraanT qvrivs".
niko lorTqifaniZis Semoqmedebis stilis Sesaxeb beso JRentis
Sefaseba zustia da Seucvleli. misi TqmiT, mweralma Semoitana sruliad
axali, maRali gemovnebis mxatvruli stili da weris Taviseburi manera.
qveteqstis xelovneba Cvens mwerlobaSi misi udidesi damsaxurebaa,
axladSemoWrili fsiqologizmis nakads mweralma problemuri formisa da
eqspresiuli xerxebis Tanazmierad Sekruli mxatvruli modelebi miusadaga
da mkveTrad individualizebuli, Tvisobrivad gansxvavebuli
literaturuli fenomeni daamkvidra.
damowmebuli literatura

beso JRenti da klasikuri memkvidreoba: "kriteriumi", 2002, #-6.

Jurn. "literatura da sxva", 1924, #-1.
Jurn. "memarcxeneoba", 1927, #-1.
Jurn. "mnaTobi", 1937, #-2; 1939, ##-1, 6.
Jurn. "qarTuli mwerloba", 1929, #-11-12.

NANA KHABULIANI

BESARION ZHGENTI ABOUT THE LIFE OF

NIKO LORTKIPANIDZE

Besarion Zhgenti, as a literary critic, thinks highly about Niko Lortkipanidze’s

works. He expresses the view that ‘Niko Lortkipanidze linked the best accomplishments
of the 20th century aesthetical ideas of Russia and Europe to the mainstream of our
national culture and in this way he himself has played the role of the innovator in the
history of the Georgian fiction’.
Themes of the national problems are the main concern of his works, which is
confirmed in “Georgia Is Being Sold”, “the Knights”, “Furious Lord” etc.
Niko Lortkipanidze’s works are also imbued with humanistic conceptions. “The
Woman with Headscarf” is an inspiring hymn of human beauty, and virtue.
N.Lortkipanidze brought entirely new artistic style and the peculiar manner of
writing into the Georgian fiction, the art of conveying implications and established
individualized and qualitatively different literary phenomenon.