qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi

institutis perioduli samecniero Jurnali) tomi XII, gv.,166-174

mixeil labaZe

lazuri kiloebis xmovanTa sistema

1. zogadi cnobebi. lazuri kiloebis xmovanTa sistema martivia.

saliteraturo qarTulis msgavsad, aqac xuTi sada xmovani fonema
gamoiyofa: a, e, i, o, u. eseni warmodgenilia samive lazur kiloSi.
xuTi sada xmovnis garda, aTinur-arTaSenul kiloSi sporadulad
daCndeba aseve, neitraluri H-s umarcvlo varianti, romelic u, o savrcobis
alofonad realizdeba (hindosu > // hindosH `im dros", iqumso > // iqumsH
`iqms"...). rasakvirvelia, umarcvlo varianti damoukidebeli fonema ar
aris.
lazur kiloTa zogi mkvlevari (n. mari, s. JRenti, n. quTelia...)
gamoyofs agreTve, e.w. ~otizebul anu palatalizebul xmovnebs: ~a, ~e, ~o,
~u; Cveni azriT, eseni Cveulebrivi aRmavali difTongebia da ara xmovnebi.
miT umetes, rogorc samarTlianad miuTiTa g. kartoziam, lazur kiloebSi
moipoveba ~i difTongic, romelsac sxva avtorebi ar aRniSnaven (g.
kartozia, 2006, gv. 19).
s. JRentis azriT, lazurSi moipoveba `fSvinvierSemarTviani" ha, he, hi,
ho, hu fonemebi (s. JRenti, 1953, gv. 16); Cveni azriT, fSvinvieri SemarTva
lazur metyvelebaSi, iseve rogorc sxva qarTvelur enobriv erTeulebSi,
damoukidebel fonemebs ar warmoqmnis.
s. JRenti aseve, damoukidebel fonemebad gamoyofs `magarSemarTvian"
&a, &e, &i, &o, &u xmovnebs (s. JRenti, 1953, gv. 16). n. quTelia maT
faringalizebul xmovnebs uwodebs, Tumca samarTlianad aRniSnavs, rom
`fonologiuri Rirebuleba ar gaaCniaT" (n. quTelia, 2005, gv. 21).
Cven msgavsi "Seferilobis"xmovnebi dadasturebuli gvaqvs mxolod
viwur-arqabuli kilos zogierT TqmaSi. oRond, vfiqrobT, rom maTi
faringalizebuloba aris y-s refleqsi, mag.: moyonafu (xof.) > mo~onafu
(arq.) > mo&onafu (orW.) `moyvana", anda: yvilufs (xof.) > iloms (viw.) >
&iloms (mzuR.). am tipis `faringalizebuli xmovnebi" gvxvdeba ZiriTadad
mTieli lazebis metyvelebaSi.
amdenad, lazuri kiloebis xmovanTa sistema martivia.

2. a, e, i, o, u xmovnebi. warmoebisa da ragvarobis mixedviT, lazur

kiloTa a, e, i, o, u Semdegnairad SeiZleba davaxasiaToT:
a maqsimalurad Ria (farTo), dabali aweulobis, Sua (anda ukana)
rigis, aralabialuri xmovania;
e palataluri anu magarsasismieri, wina rigisa da saSualo
aweulobis, aralabialuri xmovania;
i aseve palataluri (magarsasismieri) da wina rigis, oRond maRali
aweulobis aralabialuri xmovania;
 o ukana rigis, saSualo aweulobis labiovelaruli xmovania;
u ukana rigis, maRali aweulobis labialuri xmovania.
aweulobisa da rigis mixedviT am xmovnebis dapirispireba sqematurad
aseT saxes miiRebs:
rigi
aweuloba wina Sua ukana
maRali i u
saSualo e o
dabali a
ase rom, lazuri kiloebis a, e, i, o, u identuria saliteraturo
qarTulis a, e, i, o, u xmovnebisa.
saartikulacio aparatis (zesadgami milis) Riaobis mixedviT
saliteraturo qarTulis bgeraTa mimarTebas t. futkaraZe ase
warmogvidgens: a > e/o > i/u (t. futkaraZe, 2006, gv. 157). xmovanTa
mimarTeba swored amgvari iqneba lazur kiloebSic.
saliteraturo enis msgavsad, lazur kiloebSic a, e, i, o, u xmovnebi
realizdebian yvela poziciaSi; raime distribuciuli SezRudva maT ar
gaaCniaT; magaliTad, Sdr.:
a: nca (xof., aTin.-arT.)// mca (viw.-arq.) `ca", tora `kinaRam", alani
`Tanatoli", rakani `mTa", WaRana `kiborCxala","...
e: Te `sinaTle", xe `xe li", ebza (viw.-arq.) `asanTi", nena `ena", bere
`bavSvi", malTe (arq.) `karis mezobeli", mole `gamoRma"...
i: pi `vqeni", Ti `Tavi", ixi `qari", iri `yoveli", rinci (xof.)
`cisartyela", inWiri `anwli", mCire `farTo", xinji `xidi"...
o: mwko (xof., viw.-arq.) `wyavi", ho `ho, diax, ki", ordo `male; Cqara",
oxori `saxli", koCi `kaci", Toli `Tvali", falo `ubralo", eSo (xof.)
`ise"...
u: mwu (aTin.-arT.) `wyavi", Su `sveli", ufi `ofli", uCa `Savi",
burWuli `waldi", guri `guli", wulu (aTin.-arT.) `pawia", Winu (xof., viw.-
arq.) `qafSia Tevzis saWeri erTgvari"...

3. ~ bgera lazur kiloebSi. ~ palataluri, anu magari sasismieri,

mJReri bgeraa. is axlosaa, erTi mxriv, wina rigisa da maRali aweulobis
palatalur i xmovanTan da, araiSviaTad, masTanac monacvleobs; Sesabamisad,
i / ~ SeiZleba ganvixiloT sonantad.
i / ~ monacvleobis faqtebi yvelaze xSirad dasturdeba leqsebSi,
sadac Cveulebisamebr, didi mniSvneloba aqvs marcvlebis raodenobas.
Sesabamisad, erTsa da imave formebSi i gvaqvs maSin, roca es marcvalTa
raodenobas esaWiroeba, ~ ki - roca ar esaWiroeba; mag.:
ndRa niCodu do mJuaTi geilu "dRe miiwura da mzec Cavida,
seriJ gverdis didi xarbiz geiWku..."SuaRamisas didi omi daiwyo..."
Sdr.:
mJua ge~lu, xvala bdgi TefeluRis `mze Cavida, marto vdgavar
gorakze`
 orofaTe ge~Wkasen sevdaluRis! "siyvarulisgan iwyeba mowyeniloba!"
rogorc vxedavT, pirvel magaliTSi gvaqvs formebi geilu,
geiWku, xolo meoreSi ki - ge~lu, ge~Wkasen. saubarSi,
Cveulebisamebr, ~otiani formebi ixmareba, magram marcvalTa
raodenobidan gamomdinare, leqsSi ~ gvaZlevs srulxmovan i-s.
axla ganvixiloT sapirispiro SemTxveva - roca srulxmovani i,
marcvalTa raodenobidan gamomdinare, gvaZlevs ~-s:
menjeli RormoTiq meqCas, Cqimi naniko `ZalRone RmerTma mogces, Cemo
dediko",
i~~agvali gu~ kapeti qom~onutiko! "mudamJams gul-magrad
myolode!"
...gui-sqanis derd va bZira, i~~a ibiras "Sens gulSi dardi ar vnaxo, sul
imReros,
hawiSqule Svi, iqe~Fi, se~ ka~ ganj~as!4 "awi svi, iqeife, RamiT kargad
geZinos!"
amgvarad, am leqsSi gamuqebulia CvenTvis saintereso formebi, sadac i
> ~; Sesabamisad, saubarSi, Cveulebriv, ixmareba xolme: gui (< // guri),
qomionutiko, sei (< // seri), kai, ganjias (< // ganjiras) da a.S.
meore mxriv, ~ sxva qarTveluri kiloebis msgavsad, realizdeba J, r,
l, s, S, q Tanxmovnebis alofonebadac; kerZod:
~ viwur-arqabul da aTinur-arTaSenul kiloebSi sistemebr enacvleba
xofuris ukananunismier, Cqamier napralovan mJRer J Tanxmovans geJo-,
goJo-, eJo-, meJa-, moJo- zmniswinebSi; Sesabamisad, viwur-arqabulsa da
aTinur-arTaSenulSi gveqneba: ge~o- (viw.-arq.) // je~o- (aTin.-arT.), go~o-,
e~o-, me~a-, mo~o-; amosavali viTareba xofurs daucavs, vinaidan am
zmniswinebSi J naSTia Jin `zed" Tandebulisa, romelic viwur-arqabulSiac
amave saxiT gvxvdeba, aTinur-arTaSenulSi ki jin (< Jin) forma gvaqvs. lazur
metyvelebaSi dasturdeba agreTve, sapirispiro - J < ~ procesic: Jur <
*~ur `ori", Jerine // < ~erine `magivrad" (s. JRenti, 1953, gv. 64-65), Tumca
amis magaliTebi cotaa.
samive lazur kiloSi ~ met-naklebi sixSiriT SeiZleba Seenacvlos
Suanunismier r sonors. lazur kiloebSi r aravibranti bgeraa: guri // gu~i
`guli", iri // i~i `yoveli", rakani // ~akani (Rvand.-ZRem.) `mTa", ren // ~en
`aris", irragvali // ir~agvali // i~~agvali `mudam"... dasturdeba aseve
sapirispiro procesic - ~ > r, umetesad - viwur-arqabulSi. mag.:
dolvaronen // < dolva~onen `Cahyveba", orore // < o~ore `kvaxi",
meremixTu // < me~emixTu `[zed] gadamxda" da a.S. (s. JRenti, 1938).
aTinur-arTaSenul kiloSi dadasturebulia agreTve winanunismieri
l-s gadasvla ~-Si, Tumca es xdeba mxolod erT sityvaSi - ukale // > uka~e
`Semdeg"; megruli kilosagan gansxvavebiT, lazur kiloebSi l magari
warmoebisaa.
winanunismieri Cqamieri s Tanxmovnis ~-Si gadasvlac aTinur-
arTaSenulSi dasturdeba. am mxriv xsenebuli kilo ramdenadme axlos dgas
kaxur kilosTan _ aTinur-arTaSenulSiac sistemebr ~-d iqceva xolme
micemiTi brunvis niSani -s (Ska~ gortun < // Skas gortun `wels artyia",
xe~ ukaCun < // xes ukaCun `xelSi uWiravs"...), namyo droebSi mesame piris mr.
ricxvis -es, aseve - kavSirebiTis droebSi mesame piris mx. ricxvis -s
sufiqsebi gvaZlevs, Sesabamisad, -e~ (moxte~ < // moxtes `movidnen",
doxenamte~ < // doxenamtes `akeTebdnen") da -~ (noweda~ < // nowedas
`Sexedos", uSqurta~ < // uSqurtas `icodes") saxeobebs.
garda amisa, aTinur-arTaSenulSi ~-d iqceva awmyo drois mx. ricxvis -s
sufiqsic. Tanac, am dros ukvalod qreba Temis niSnis (an, Tu zmna
uTemisniSnoa - zmnuri fuZis) Tanxmovnuri elementi: Wofu~ < // Wofums
`iWers", gamiRa~ < // gamiRams `gamoaqvs", imCi~ < // imCirs `curavs", ixapa~ < //
ixapars `laparakobs" da a.S.
ofuri kilos Cxalur kilokavSi naTesaobiTi brunvis -S niSani
sistemebr iqceva ~-d. am mxriv Cxaluri metyvelebac qarTlursa da kaxur
kiloebs mogvagonebs: lazuti~ mWkidi `simindis mWadi", da~ bere `dis
Svili", e bozo~ baba `im gogos mama", emu~ oxori `imisi saxli", berefe~
manje `bavSvebis patroni"... Cxalur kilokavSi xsenebuli movlena Zalianaa
gavrcelebuli da TiTqmis normadac kia qceuli.
aTinur-arTaSenulSi ~ enacvleba ukanaenismier Cqamier q Tanxmovans,
romelic Cveulebisamebr moTxrobiTi brunvis mawarmoebelia: xasani~ tku
`hasanma Tqva", bozonTa~ oxori doqosu `gogonam saxli dagava"... amasTan,
msgavs formebSi ~, SesaZloa, daikargos kidevac da, Sesabamisad,
moTxrobiTis forma daemTxves saxelobiTisas.

4. umarcvlo E. lazur kiloebSi Zalze iSviaTad gvxvdeba agreTve, E

bgera, romelsac amJamad damoukidebel fonemad veRar miviCnevT. E
Tanamedrove lazur metyvelebaSi TiTqmis yovelTvis Tavisuflad
monacvleobs u xmovanTan: kaEli // kauli `sanaZleo", daEli // dauli
`doli", ~aE // ~au `auh! (Sorisdebuli)", breEli // breuli (Cxal.)
`mravali"... meore mxriv ki is bagismieri sonori v Tanxmovnis alofonad
gvevlineba labializebul kompleqsebSi: gvabRu // gEabRu `Semoesia", Tqvani
// TqEani `Tqveni", umWvas // umWEas `dauCqaros" da a.S.
u/E labialuri anu bagismieri, mJReri sonanti bgeraa.

5. xmovanTa SemarTva. lazur kiloebSi dasturdeba xmovanTa orgvari

SemarTva: magari da fSvinvieri. amasTanave, SemarTviT xmovani warmoiTqmis
ZiriTadad sityvis TavSi.
xmovanTa magari SemarTva umetesad damaxasiaTebelia aTinur-
arTaSenuli da xofuri kiloebisTvis, nawilobriv - viwur-arqabulis
viwuri kilokavisTvisac. fSvinvieri SemarTva, ZiriTadad, viwur-arqabuls
da aTinur-arTaSenuls axasiaTebs; Tumca, erTeul SemTxvevebSi xofur
kiloSiac gvxvdeba.
magari SemarTva gvaqvs maSin, Tuki sityvis absolutur TavSi, an
sityvis SigniT - xmovnis momdevnod, nebismieri xmovnis warmoTqmisas
damatebiT xdeba saxmo simebis daWimva. am dros, Cveulebriv, xmovnis win
moismis susti yelismieri xSuli bgera, romelic transkrifciaSi Ï niSniT
aRiniSneba. amasTan, sityvis SigniT, anu inlautSi xmovnebis magari
SemarTviT warmoTqmis magaliTebi Tanamedrove lazur metyvelebaSi
iSviaTia, TumcaRa sakmaod dasturdeba jer kidev gasul saukuneSi Caweril
teqstebSi.
sityvis TavSi xmovanTa magari SemarTviT warmoTqma arc sasaubro-
literaturuli enisTvisaa ucxo: magaliTad, warmoiTqmis: `Ïena", `ÏerTi",
`Ïiq"... maSin rodesac iwereba: `ena", `erTi", `iq" da a.S. aRsaniSnavia, rom
magari SemarTva gansakuTrebiT sagrZnobia SorisdebulebSi: `Ïa~t!", `ÏeEh!"
da misT.
cxadia, qarTvelur kiloebSi xmovanTa magari SemarTva kidev ufro
metad SesamCnevi da gavrcelebulic SeiZleba iyos. amis naTel magaliTad
gamogvadgeba CaRmaTuSuri kilo, romelSic xmovnebi magari SemarTviT
warmoiTqmis ara marto sityvis TavSi, aramed sityvis SigniTac da, amasTan,
arsebobs magari damarTvac; mag., Sdr.: ÏeambE `esaubra", wveraÏize `wveraiZe
(gvaria)", gLGkid `gaekida" da sxv.
lazuri kiloebi am mxriv saliteraturo enas ufro uaxlovdeba, Tumca
aTinur-arTaSenulSi magari SemarTva zogjer, CaRmaTuSuris msgavsad,
Zlier SesamCnevicaa. es kargad Cans, sxvaTa Soris, i. yifSiZis, arn. Ciqobavasa
Tu s. jiqias mier gasuli saukunis pirvel naxevarSi Caweril teqstebSi,
sadac anlautSi xmovnis magari SemarTva, umetes SemTxvevaSi, sagangebodaa
aRniSnuli. Sesabamisad, gvaqvs formebi: Ïar `erTi", Ïegazden `aitan", Ïimtu
`gaiqca", ÏoS `asi", Ïuoxu `dauZaxa"... amasTan dakavSirebiT arn. Ciqobava
sagangebod aRniSnavs: `Ïar s. jiqias mier Caweril aTinur teqstebSi gvaqvs.
Tavkiduri Ï abzacis (e.i. magari SemarTvis - m. l.) aRmniSvnelia da fonemis
mniSvneloba ara aqvs" (arn. Ciqobava, 1938, gv. 212).
Cveulebriv, transkrifciaSi sityvis Tavkidur xmovanTa magari
SemarTva aRniSvnas arc saWiroebs, vinaidan TavisTavadac igulisxmeba;
sityvis SigniT ki magari SemarTva mxolod viwur-arqabul da aTinur-
arTaSenul kiloebs axasiaTebs. xsenebul kiloebSi es y Tanxmovnis erT-erTi
refleqsia. magaliTad, Sdr.: diyu (xof.) da diGu (aTin.-arTaS.) `iqna", anda
- giyonun (xof.) da giGonun (viw.-arq.) `gyavs"... rasakvirvelia, msgavs
SemTxvevebSi magari SemarTva transkrifciaSi aucileblad unda aRiniSnos.
amasTanave, aTinur-arTaSenuli masalis Cawerisas magar SemarTvas,
rogorc wesi, sityvis TavSiac aRvniSnavT, Tu is Zlier SesamCnevia.
fSvinvieri SemarTva, rogorc iTqva, umetesad viwur-arqabul da
aTinur-arTaSenul kiloebs axasiaTebs, Tanac mxolod da mxolod
gansazRvrul formebSi; aseT dros sityvis TavSi xmovnis warmoTqmisas,
damatebiT, filtvebidan amoityorcneba haeris nakadi da, Sesabamisad,
xmovnis win moismis susti h-s msgavsi, yru fSvinvieri bgera.
Cveulebriv, lazuri metyvelebis transkribirebisas fSvinvier
SemarTvas h niSniT aRniSnaven. marTlacda, xsenebuli movlena istoriulad
swored xorxismieri h Tanxmovnis erT-erTi refleqsia. sxvagvarad Tuki
vityviT, lazur kiloebSi es Tanxmovani imdenad Sesustebula, rom
fonematuri mniSvneloba daukargavs da momdevno xmovnis SemarTvis
elementad qceula.
xofur kiloSi amJamad fSvinvieri SemarTva ramdenime formaSiRa
gvaqvs: ho `diax, ki", aha `ager", ehe `eger", hele `aba", ha~de `haida"... sxvagan
mas magari SemarTva enacvleba. magaliTad, Sdr.:
 viw.-arqab. aTin.-arTaS. xofuri
haSo haSo aSo `ase; aqeT"
heqo hiqo eqo `iqa"
hemkele himkale emkele `iqiTken"
heko hiku eko `imdeni"
hagaga hagaga agaga `qarafSuta"
hemuSi himuSi emuSi `imisi"
haFala haFala aFala `murwa"
amasTan, fSvinvieri SemarTva sityvis SigniT samad-sam formaSi gvxvdeba:
aha `ager", ehe `eger", eho `diaxac, sworedac"; samive nawarmoebia da ara
pirveladi - a da e aq CvenebiTi nawilakebia.
viwur-arqabuli kilos arqabul kilokavSi fSvinvieri SemarTva
xandaxan iseT sityvebSiac ki gvaqvs, sadac etimologiurad h Tanxmovani ar
ivaraudeba; magaliTad, ityvian: hemTumani `aRmarTi", heSqia `yaCaRi", hefei
`sakmarisi"... maSin, roca sxvagan yvelgan daculia amosavali emTumani, eSqia,
efei... formebi.
SeniSvna: n. quTelia yuradRebas amaxvilebs akad. arn. Ciqobavas
mier aTinel isq~ander citaSTan (citaiSvilTan) saubrisas
dafiqsirebul hAiT (=hEiT) `aTi", hAiToSi (=hEiToSi) `aTasi"...
formebze da maT `aspirirebuli anlautis" (anu fSvinvieri
SemarTvis) saintereso magaliTebad miiCnevs (n. quTelia, 2005, gv.
47). xsenebuli formebi marTlac saintereso da, amavdroulad,
sruliad uCveuloa aramarto aTinur-arTaSenuli kilosaTvis,
aramed mTlianad lazuri metyvelebisaTvis da, Cveni azriT,
idioleqturi Tavisebureba unda iyos.
sxva qarTveluri kiloebidan fSvinvieri SemarTva axasiaTebs
ingilours: huTqom `uTqvams", hemand `emand", hadOl `advili"... aq
xsenebuli movlena imgvari saxisa Cans, viwur-arqabuli kilos arqabul
kilokavSi rom dasturdeba.
fSvinvieri SemarTvis magaliTebi mravlad moipoveba agreTve,
balszemourSi, balsqvemourSi, mesxur-javaxursa da sxva kiloebSi.
amasTanave, megrul kiloSi xsenebuli movlena mxolod TiTo-orola
sityvaSiRa SemorCenila - xofuris msgavsad.
s. JRenti Tavis naSromSi `megrul-Wanuris fonetika" magar da
fSvinvierSemarTvian xmovnebs damoukidebel fonemebad miiCnevs (s. JRenti,
1953, gv. 16). Cveni azriT ki, aseTi Tvalsazrisi mcdaria, vinaidan SemarTva
fonemis ganmsazRvrel mTavar niSnad ver CaiTvleba.
sxvaTa Soris, lazur kiloebSi xmovanTa SemarTvis Sesaxeb saintereso
mosazrebas aviTarebs n. quTelia: `lazurs midrekileba aqvs anlautis
garTulebisaken, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas. martivxmovnian anlauts lazuri
erTgvarad gaurbis" (n. quTelia, 2005, gv. 45); Cveni mxriv davZenT, rom
anlautis amgvari garTuleba damaxasiaTebelia ara marto lazuri
kiloebisTvis, aramed saerTod, qarTveluri enobrivi sistemisaTvis.

6. palatalizebul xmovanTa sakiTxisaTvis lazur kiloebSi. lazur

kiloTaTvis ucxoa xmovnebis palatalizacia. Turqulad metyvelebis
drosac lazebi Tavs arideben û da O bgeraTa warmoTqmas; maT Cveulebriv,
cvlian o, u, i xmovnebiT. Turquli û da O xmovnebi ~o da ~u
difTongebiT gadmoicema mxolod maSin, Tu isini mosdevs ukanaenismier g, q
xSulebs. amis naTel magaliTad gamodgeba qvemoT moyvanili nawyvetic, Cven
mier xofaSi Cawerili leqsidan, romelic Sereuli metyvelebis saintereso
nimuSia:
ar siFteri opWofi, "erTi mimino daviWire,
doRan ~aziden kara, Savze ufro uSavesi,
bana sozi vermessan, sityvas Tu ar momcem,
dofxeda do vimgara... davjdebi da vitireb...
ginZe mCoxa voWafa, grZel Coxas Sevakervineb,
dugmeleri g~umiSTen, vercxlis Rilebiansa,
memowkedi, damTire, Semomxede, sidedro,
g~uzel mi~m ~eniSTe? kargi siZe Tu var?”
am leqsis Turqul strofebSi gamuqebulia is sityvebi, romlebSic
palatalizebuli xmovnebi unda gvxvdebodes. rogorc xedavT, maT magivrad
aq warmodgenilia ubralo xmovnebi da aRmavali ~u difTongi; Sdr.: sozi
< Turq. Sözü; dugmeleri < Turq. Dügmeleri; g~umiSTen < Turq. Gümüşten;
g~uzel < Turq. Güzel; davZenT imasac, rom g, q xSulTa momdevno
palatalizebuli xmovnebis aRsaniSnavad difTongebi gamoiyeneba imitom,
rom xsenebuli xSulebi TurqulSi palatalizdebian. amdenad, ~ grafema
swored Tanxmovnis palatalizacias gadmoscems, u an o ki palatalizebul
xmovans. aqedan cxadad Cans, rom lazuri metyvelebisTvis ucxoa
palatalizebuli xmovnebi, magram Cveulebrivia ukanaenismier xSulTa
palatalizacia palataluri e, i xmovnebisa da ~ naxevarxmovnis win.
amitom lazebi Turquli g, q xSulebis palatalizacias aRiqvamen
upiratesad, palatalizebuli xmovnebi ki, rogorc mSobliuri
metyvelebisaTvis Seusabamo bgerebi, aRuqmeli rCebaT.
SeniSvna: palatalizebuli xmovnebi ar gvxvdeba rizel urumTa
Turqul metyvelebaSi - amaze sagangebod miuTiTebs Turqul
dialeqtTa cnobili fineli mkvlevari m. r~as~aneni (M. Räsänen,
1932, gv. 12); misi cnobiT, palatalizebul xmovnebs rizeSi
Cveulebrivi xmovnebi Seesatyviseba; amave dros, g da q
depalatalizebuli xmovnebis winac iseve gvaZlevs j-sa da C-s,
rogorc es palataluri e da i xmovnebis win xdeba; magaliTad,
gvaqvs: gel > jel "modi”, giT > jiT "wadi”, qendi > Cendi
"TviTon”, qiTaf > CiTaf "wigni” da gOn > jun "dRe”, gûz > joz
"Tvali”, qOme > Cume "CurCxela”, qû~ > Co~ "sofeli”... anu urumTa
dialeqtSi saliteraturo Turqulis palatalizebul g, q xSulebs
yovelTvis j, C afrikatebi Seesabameba. r~as~anenis cnobas imowmebs
a. veqilovic (`. bå*,ë%", 1973, gv. 19); Cveni mxriv, davZenT, rom
xsenebuli movlena qarTveluri metyvelebis substratia - aTinur-
arTaSenul kiloSi g, q, k xSulebi palataluri e, i xmovnebis win
sistemebr gadadis j, C, W afrikatebSi, anu ukanaenismier xSulebs
palatalizebuli alofonebi ar gaaCnia. amasTan, aTineli da
 arTaSeneli lazebic Turqulad TiTqmis iseve metyveleben, rogorc
rizeli urumebi.
sainteresoa, rom lazur kiloTa mkvlevrebs, ”palatalizebul” anda
”otizebul” xmovnebze saubrisas magaliTebad mohyavT an Turqulidan
Semosuli is sityvebi, romlebSic Turqulis palatalizebuli xmovnebi
aRmavali difTongebiT gadmoicema, anda zmnuri formebi. arsebiTad,
aRmavali difTongebi aqac analogiuradaa warmoSobili: kerZod,
mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs ge- zmniswiniani is formebi, romlebSiac zmniswins
uSualod mosdevs -o-, -u- da -a- qcevis niSnebi. am dros ge- zmniswinis e
xmovani da qcevis niSani difTongad warmodgeba: g~oWku < *ge-o-Wk-u
daiwyo”, g~udu < *ge-u-d[v]-u daudo”, g~akarbu < *ge-a-karb-u aeblanda”
da a.S. Tu zmniswinsa da qcevis niSans Soris piris niSani CaerTo,
difTongi aRara gvaqvs: gevoWki, gevudvi, gemakarbu... Sdr.: aTinur-
arTaSenulSi, sadac xofurisa da viwur-arqabulis g, q, k xSulTa
palatalizebul variantebs j, C, W afrikatebi Seesabameba da, ge-
zmniswinic, rasakvirvelia, je- formiTaa warmodgenili, gvaqvs: joWu < *g~-
o-Wu < *ge-o-W-u < *ge-o-Wk-u, judu < *g~-u-d-u < *ge-u-d[v]-u... formebi;
Sdr.: jevoWi < *ge-v-o-W-i < *ge-v-o-Wk-i, jevudvi < *ge-v-u-dv-i da a.S.
es faqti mianiSnebs, rom "g~oWku" tipis formebSic ~-s povniereba g-s
palatalizaciiT SeiZleba aixsnas.
sainteresoa, rom zog saxelur formaSiac, palatalizebuli g~ an j
gvaqvs xolme iq, sadac etimologiurad di // d~ kompleqsi ivaraudeba.
magaliTad, xofur da viwur-arqabul kiloTa sityva g~ari "saWmeli”
etimologiurad svanur kiloTa di@r (*diar-i) "puri” da megrulis diara
"lxini, puroba” formebs ukavSirdeba. aTinur-arTaSenulSi mas Seesabameba
jari forma, romelic svanur kiloTa darad, puris” aRmniSvnelia.
eWvgareSea, rom lazur kiloebSi amosavali forma iqneboda diari; io
kompleqsis difTongizaciiT miviReT d~ari, saidanac miRebulia xofursa
da viwur-arqabulSi dadasturebuli g~ari. es ki, Tavis mxriv, amosavalia
aTinur-arTaSenulis jari formisaTvis.
ase rom, lazuri metyvelebisaTvis arabunebrivi d~ kompleqsis daZleva
moxda d~ > g~ gziT. palatalizebuli g~-sgan ki, rogorc wesi, aTinur-
arTaSenulSi mogvianebiT j miviReT.
SeniSvna: d~ bgeraTkompleqsi xofursa da viwur-arqabul
kiloebSi SesaZloa warmoiqmnas morfemaTa SeerTebis zRvarze -
sxvaTa sityvis -~a nawilakis ~otis gavleniT mJRerdeba mr.
ricxvSi pirveli da meore piris -T sufiqsi: vidad~a < //
vidaT~a "wavideTo”, yvid~a < //yviT~a "hqeniTo” da a.S. Tumca, am
dros d ar palatalizdeba. im magaliTebSi, sadac d~ > g~,
amosavali d-s palatalizebas uTuod xeli Seuwyo ~-s momdevno
maxvilianma xmovanmac: *d~ari > g~ari "saWmeli”, *merod~a >
*merog~a > merog~a // merg~a "oxraxuSi” (Sdr. berZn. Μεροδιά
"mwvanili”). bolo magaliTi sainteresoa im mxrivac, rom iq d~ >
g~ procesis Semdeg momxdara maxvilis gadanacvleba.
 damowmebuli literatura

g. kartozia, 2006 - g. kartozia, lazuri ena da misi adgili

qarTvelur enaTa sistemaSi, Tb., 2006.
s. JRenti, 1938 - s. JRenti, Wanuri teqstebi. arqabuli kilokavi, Tb.,
1938.
s. JRenti, 1953 - s. JRenti, megrul-Wanuris fonetika, Tb., 1953.
t. futkaraZe, 1998 - t. futkaraZe, Tanamedrove qarTuli enis
xmovanTa sistema, sadoqtoro disertacia, Tb., 1998.
t. futkaraZe, 2006 - t. futkaraZe, qarTuli enis sametyvelo bgerebi
da satransliteracio sqema: qarTuli enis istoria, quTaisi, 2006.
n. quTelia, 2005 - n. quTelia, lazuris fonematuri struqtura,
Tb.i, 2005.
arn. Ciqobava, 1938 - arn. Ciqobava, Wanur-megrul-qarTuli SedarebiTi
leqsikoni, Tb., 1938.
`. bå*, ë%", 1973 - `-!=“, K bå*, ë%", Š3!åö*= ä, =ëå*2%ë%ã, ,
kå…, …ã!=ä, 1973.
M. Räsänen, 1932 - Miikka Räsänen, Chansons popoulaires de Nord-Est
d’Anatolie, Helsinki, 1932.

MIKHEIL LABADZE

VOWEL SYSTEM OF LAZ DIALECTS

Laz dialect vowel system is simple. Like literary Georgian the three identified Laz
dialects have five cardinal vowel phonemes: /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/. In addition to this Athin-
Artashen sub-dialect has neutral u which is realized as an allo-phoneme of /u/, and /o/
vowel extension that has not a phoneme status.
Some students of Laz dialects (N.Marr, S.Zhgenti, N.Kutelia,..) identify palatalized
vowels: /ja/, /je/, /jo/, /ju/. These, I think, are ordinary rising diphthongs and not vowels.
S.Zghgenti also identifies vowels with aspirated rise: /ha/, /he/, /hi/, /ho/, /hu/.
Neither in Laz speech nor in any other Karvelian language unit vowels with aspirated rise
do not function as independent phonemes.
In addition to S.Zghgenti thinks that vowels with palatalized rise: /’a/,/’e/, /’i/,
/’o/, /’u/ are separate individual phonemes. N.Kutelia calls them pharyngeal vowels but
supplies with comment that ‘the distinction does not involve any phonological value’.
I have observed the vowels with the similar coloring in some speeches of Vits-
Arkabian dialect. However, I think that their pharyngeal coloring results from /q/ reflex,
which is mainly characteristic of mountainous region Laz speech.