AS Biology Topic 1 Cardiac Cycle

Fill in the blanks using the following words (words may be used more than once or
not at all):
atrioventricular, full, valves, cycle, flow, semilunar, ventricular diastole, continuous,
snap, 70, upwards, systole, second, ventricles, pressure, 120, blood, low, diastole,
contract, veins, 300, backflow, shutting,

One cardiac ____________ consists of the atria and then the ____________ contracting
so that the blood that has entered the heart is pumped out. This occurs about ______
times every minute and is ____________. The periods of contraction are called
__________. The periods of relaxation are called ___________ .

Blood at a __________ pressure in the _________ flows into the atria. This increases the
_____________ inside the empty atria as they fill. Some of the blood trickles through
the open ______ valves into the relaxed ventricles below.

When the atria are ______, they go into atrial systole, their walls __________ and blood
is pushed through the valves into the ______________. The pressure in the atria is
increased due to the contractions and the pressure is increasing in the ventricles as
they fill with _________.

When the atria contract, blood cannot _________ back into the veins because the
pressure of the blood pushes on the ____________ in the veins to shut them.

After a short delay the ______ contract from the apex (base) ____________. The
pressure inside the ventricles increases due to the ventricular __________. As the
pressure increases to a higher level than the pressure in the atria, blood pushes
against the atrioventricular valves, __________ them (the first heart sound) and
preventing __________.

The ____________ valves open under the pressure and blood leaves the heart.

The ventricles relax - _______ - and the semilunar valves _________ shut behind the
blood (the _________ heart sound).