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AKConsult

CIVIL & STURCTURAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANT

Analysis & Design using SAFE_Long-Term deflection in SAFE 12

20130525

Long-Term deflection according to ACI318-08 considering the creep and shrinkage effects

There are two types of cracked section analysis, Immediate Cracked Deflection and
Long-Term Cracked deflection accounting the creep and shrinkage effects.
In SAFE v12, Long-Term cracked section analysis can be performed as follows:

Case 1: Cracked analysis for short-term load with short-term concrete modulus is
given as DL + SDL + s LL, in which s = 1.0
Case 2: Cracked analysis for permanent load with short-term concrete modulus is
given as DL + SDL + L LL, in which L = 0.25 (L = 0 if 100% of the Live load is nonsustained)
Case 3: Long-term cracked analysis (with creep and shrinkage) for permanent load
with long-term concrete modulus is given as DL + SDL + L LL, in which L = 0.25
The long term deflection is then the combination of Case 3 + (Case 1- Case 2). The
difference between Case 1 and Case 2 represent the incremental deflection due to
non-sustained loading without accounting creep and shrinkage for fully cracked
structure.
Notes:

1) In SAFE, user can define the reinforcement to compute cracked-slab deflection. For
this option, select Run > Cracking Analysis Options, then select the reinforcement
source.
2) Change the values of creep coefficient, shrinkage strain and modulus of rupture as
specified in the design criteria under materials.
3) CSI developers recommend to use this method.

Long-Term deflection according to ACI318-08 considering the creep and shrinkage effects
(Alternative Method)

Add a DL load (self weight) case using the Nonlinear (Cracked) option, starting with a
Zero Initial Condition.
Add a SDL load (supper imposed dead load) case using the Nonlinear (Cracked)
option, starting From State at End of Nonlinear Case DL.
Add a LL load (live load) case using the Nonlinear (Cracked) option, starting From
State at End of Nonlinear Case SDL.
Notes:

1) This method is unable to recognize the increase in DL (self weight) load deflection
due to increase in cracking when SDL load is added. Therefore this method is not
recommended.

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