JAVA Basic TH Ch2 Variables&Expressions

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
(variable declaration) integer floating-point

character boolean
(assignment)

(statement expression)
(calculation evaluation)
(casting)
printf() format()
(Mathematical Functions) Java

Java
public class ClassName {
public static void main(String[] args) {
program statements
}
}
Java ( applet) method main()

ClassName class program statements
2.1 (data and variable)

354 + 45 * 12

(memory) compiler
(address offset)

integer ( 2, 45, 90
) double float (
2.35, 3.00 )

compiler compiler
intro. to Java (FEU.faa)
Java

Java

1. (letter) _ (underscore) $ (dollar
sign)
2.
Java ( operator Java + () () * () / ()
)
taxRate
pricePerUnit
_timeInSecond
$systemClock
unit897
Java Unicode1

text editor code

variable identifier
identifier ()
(keyword reserved word)
Java 2.1
2.1 keyword
abstract
const
assert
continue
boolean
default
break
do
byte
double
case
else
catch
enum
char
extends
class
final
finally
float
for
goto
if
implements
import
instanceof
int
interface
long
native
new
null
package
private
protected
public
return
short
static
strictfp
super
switch
synchronized
this
throw
throws
transient
try
void
volatile
while
2.2 (Data Type)

(datatype) (identifier
variable)
datatype identifier
datatype Java datatype
(primitive datatype) (reference
type) class object
Java primitive datatype 8 4
( 2.2)
1
2 byte ( ASCII 1 byte)
22
Java
1.
2.
3.
4.
(Logical) boolean
(Textual) char
(Integral) byte, short, int, long
(Floating point) double float
2.2 (primitive datatype)

datatype
boolean
byte
short
int
long
float
double
char
(bit)
true false
8
16
32
64
32
64
16
datatype
bit 2.3
datatype
2.3 primitive datatype
datatype
byte
-128 (-27)
short
-32768 (-215)
int
-2147483648 (-231)
long
-9223372036854775808 (-263)
float
-3.4 x 1038
double
-1.7 x 10308
127 (27 - 1)
32767 (215 - 1)
2147483647 (231 - 1)
9223372036854775807 (263 - 1)
3.4 x 1038
1.7 x 10308
2.3
int numberOfBikes;
float taxRate;
double interests, PI;
boolean yesOrNo;
char response;

_ (underscore)
int number_of_bikes;
float tax_rate;
double cum_gpa;
boolean yes_or_no;

letterGrade
gpa cumulativeGPA
2.3.1
(Assignment)

Java
23
2:
1: class TestDefault {
2:
3:
byte bt;
4:
short st;
5:
int in;
6:
long ln;
7:
float ft;
8:
double db;
9:
char ch;
10:
boolean bo;
11:
12:
System.out.println(ch);
13:
System.out.println(bt);
14:
System.out.println(st);
15:
System.out.println(in);
16:
System.out.println(ln);
17:
System.out.println(ft);
18:
System.out.println(db);
19:
System.out.println(bo);
20:
}
21: }
compile error
TestDefault.java:12: variable ch might
System.out.println(ch);
^
TestDefault.java:13: variable bt might
System.out.println(bt);
^
TestDefault.java:14: variable st might
System.out.println(st);
^
TestDefault.java:15: variable in might
System.out.println(in);
^
TestDefault.java:16: variable ln might
System.out.println(ln);
^
TestDefault.java:17: variable ft might
System.out.println(ft);
^
TestDefault.java:18: variable db might
System.out.println(db);
^
TestDefault.java:19: variable bo might
System.out.println(bo);
^
8 errors
not have been initialized

Java
2
= ( assignment operator)
" (rvalue) =
(lvalue) =" rvalue
2
Java method ( method main() ) local variable
Java member variable reference
variable ( variable class) Java

boolean
char
byte, short, int, long
double, float
24
Java
false
'0'
0
0.0
Java
lvalue
(physical memory)
numberOfBikes = 2;
area = PI * r * r;
taxReturned = calculateTaxReturned(income);
2 = numberOfBikes;
PI * r * r = area;
calculateTaxReturned(income) = taxReturned;

(1)
(2) (standard I/O
channel)
2.3.2

1: /**
2:
Demonstrates variables declaration and initialization
3: */
4:
5: class Variables {
6:
7:
boolean booleanVar = true;
8:
byte byteVar = 0;
9:
byte maxByte = Byte.MAX_VALUE;
10:
byte minByte = Byte.MIN_VALUE;
11:
short shortVar = 0;
12:
short maxShort = Short.MAX_VALUE;
13:
short minShort = Short.MIN_VALUE;
14:
int intVar = 0;
15:
int maxInt = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
16:
int minInt = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
17:
long longVar = 0L;
18:
long maxLong = Long.MAX_VALUE;
19:
long minLong = Long.MIN_VALUE;
20:
float floatVar = 0.0F;
21:
float maxFloat = Float.MAX_VALUE;
22:
float minFloat = Float.MIN_VALUE;
23:
double doubleVar = 0.0D;
24:
double maxDouble = Double.MAX_VALUE;
25:
double minDouble = Double.MIN_VALUE;
26:
char charVar = 'A';
27:
28:
System.out.println("boolean variable: " + booleanVar);
29:
System.out.println("byte variable: " + byteVar);
30:
System.out.println("short variable: " + shortVar);
31:
System.out.println("int variable: " + intVar);
32:
System.out.println("long variable: " + longVar);
33:
System.out.println("float variable: " + floatVar);
34:
System.out.println("double variable: " + doubleVar);
35:
System.out.println("char variable: " + charVar);
36:
37:
System.out.println("Max byte: " + maxByte);
38:
System.out.println("Min byte: " + minByte);
39:
System.out.println("Max short: " + maxShort);
40:
System.out.println("Min short: " + minShort);
41:
System.out.println("Max int: " + maxInt);
25
2:
42:
43:
44:
45:
46:
47:
48:
49:
50: }
System.out.println("Min
System.out.println("Max
int: " + minInt);

long: " + maxLong);
long: " + minLong);
float: " + maxFloat);
float: " + minFloat);
double: " + maxDouble);
double: " + minDouble);
boolean
true char A max
min Java Java
0L
0.0F 0.0D long float
double Java
float double float
Java double
Java
Variables.java
boolean variable: true
byte variable: 0
short variable: 0
int variable: 0
long variable: 0
float variable: 0.0
double variable: 0.0
char variable: A
Max byte: 127
Min byte: -128
Max short: 32767
Min short: -32768
Max int: 2147483647
Min int: -2147483648
Max long: 9223372036854775807
Min long: -9223372036854775808
Max float: 3.4028235E38
Min float: 1.4E-45
Max double: 1.7976931348623157E308
Min double: 4.9E-324
Java (
)
long longVar = 0L;
long longVar;
longVar = 0L;
long longVar; longVar long

longVar = 0L; 0 longVar ( 2-1
Java)
code

double price = 0.0D, tax = 0.7D, returned = 0.0D, interests = 0.0D, principal =
10000.0D;
26
Java
long longVar;
longVar = 0L;
???
long
longVar Java

0
longVar
2-1

(range)
127 byte int

int length = 2, height = 8, width = 4;
double angles = 30.5, distance = 24.50;
, (comma)

int cats = 90, float tax = 0.50; // ERROR mixed-type

double radius;
radius = 2.54;
int one = 1, two = 2, three = one + two;
Java one two

three
compiler three = one + two;
one + two three
2.4 final

PI
Java user
(reserved word) final
27
2:
final

keyboard
1: /**
2:
Demonstrates the use of final keyword
3: */
4:
5: class Final {
6:
7:
final double PI = 3.14;
8:
int radius = 2;
9:
10:
System.out.println("The value of PI is " + Math.PI);
11:
12:
double area = radius * radius * Math.PI;
13:
System.out.println("Area of a circle is " + area);
14:
}
15: }
compile run
The value of PI is 3.14
Area of a circle is 12.56
Final.java PI
FinalWithError.java compiler
1: /**
2:
Changing the value of final keyword
3: */
4:
5: class FinalWithError {
6:
7:
final double PI = 3.14;
8:
int radius = 2;
9:
10:
double area = radius * radius * PI;
11:
12:
13:
PI = 3.142;
14:
area = radius * radius * PI;
15:
16:
}
17: }
compile
FinalWithError.java:13: cannot assign a value to final variable PI
PI = 3.142;
^
1 error
error Java error 13

compile error
error
(
error)
final

149, 600,000 (1.496 x 108)
(electron mass)
28
Java
0.0000000000000000000000000009 (9.0 x 10-28)

(scientific notation)
final double sunDistance = 1.496E8;
final float electronMass = 9.0E-28F;
// 1.496 x 108
// 9.0 x 10-28

27 ()
code (
?)
2.5 (life-time and scope)

(block) {}
1: /**
2:
Showing scope of variables
3: */
4:
5: class Scope {
6:
7:
int x = 5, y = 8;
8:
9:
System.out.print("Value of x is ");
10:
System.out.println(" Value of y is " + y);
11:
//create scope for x and w
12:
{
13:
int x = 45;
14:
int w = 89;
15:
System.out.println("Value of w in brackets is " + x);
16:
System.out.println("Value of y in brackets is " + y);
17:
}
18:
//error w is out of scope
19:
System.out.println("Value of w is " + w);
20:
}
21: }
Scope.java compile
compiler (1) int x main() (2) int w
scope block int x int w
Scope.java:13: x is already defined in main(java.lang.String[])
int x = 45;
^
Scope.java:19: cannot find symbol
symbol : variable w
location: class Scope
System.out.println("Value of w is " + w);
^
2 errors
C++ block
( Scope.java) Java
block block

{
int w = 3;
}
{
int w = 5;
}
29
2:
Java
1: /**
2:
3: */
4:
5: class Scope2 {
6:
static int x = 8, y;
7:
8:
{
9:
int x;
10:
x = 5;
11:
y = x;
12:
System.out.println("Value of y is " + y);
13:
}
14:
y = x;
15:
16:
}
17: }
Scope2.java compile
Value of y is 5
Value of y is 8
compiler x block
x scope static Java
class variable
y block x y
class variable x
1: /**
2:
3: */
4:
5: class Scope2v1 {
6:
static int x = 8, y;
7:
8:
{
9:
x = 5;
10:
y = x;
11:
12:
}
13:
y = x;
14:
15:
}
16: }
Scope2v1.java x
method main()
8 x block x 5
run
Value of y is 5
Value of y is 5
1: /**
2:
3: */
4:
5: class Scope3 {
6:
static int x = 20;
7:
8:
System.out.println("x = " + x);
30
Scope2.java
2:
int x = (x = 12) + 8;
System.out.println("Value of local x is " + x);
}
Scope3.java x scope
class Scope3 scope method main() compile

x = 20
Value of local x is 20
8 x main()
10 x main()
1: /**
2:
3: */
4:
5: class Scope4 {
6:
7:
int x = (x = 12) + 8;
8:
System.out.println("Value of local x is " + x);
9:
}
10: }
Scope4.java Scope3.java
compile run
Scope3.java
1: /**
2:
3: */
4:
5: class Scope6 {
6:
7:
int x = 12, y = x + 8;
8:
System.out.println("Value of local y is " + y);
9:
}
10: }
compile run
Value of local y is 20
x
y

2.6 (statement and expression)

Java (statement) ; (semicolon)
int priceOfBook = 125;

float taxReturn;
31
9:
10:
11:
12: }
;

int
priceOfBook
=
125
;
Java ;
code
code
/* Scope2v1.java - Showing scope of variables* @author faa xumsai*/class
Scope2v1{static int x = 8, y;public static void main(String[] args) { {int x;x =
5;y = x;System.out.println("Value of y is " + y);}y = x; System.out.println("Value
of y is " + y);}}
code
(indentation)

Expression Java

(mathematical evaluation)
(relational evaluation)
operator + (), (), * (), /
() % ()
operator
1: /**
2:
Shows mathematical operators
3: */
4:
5: class OperatorsOnInt {
6:
7:
int i, j, k;
8:
9:
//generate random number between 1 and 10
10:
j = 1 + (int)(Math.random() * 10);
11:
k = 1 + (int)(Math.random() * 10);
12:
System.out.println("j = " + j + " and k = " + k);
13:
14:
//evaluate and display results of math operators
15:
i = j + k; System.out.println("j + k = " + i);
16:
i = j - k; System.out.println("j - k = " + i);
17:
i = j * k; System.out.println("j * k = " + i);
18:
i = j / k; System.out.println("j / k = " + i);
19:
i = j % k; System.out.println("j % k = " + i);
20:
}
21: }

method random() class Math ( Java ) method random()
0 0.9+ 0 1 1 ( n
0.0 <= n < 1.0) 10 1
1 10 i operator
run
j = 5 and k = 2
j + k = 7
32
Java
j
j
j
j
*
/
%
k
k
k
k
=
=
=
=
3
10
2
1
method random() run

Operator
%
integral floating point
i = j % k;
k 2 j 5
( 1) i
int double
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
21:
22:
23:
24:
25:
26:
27:
28:
29:
30:
31:
32:
33:
34:
35:
/**
*/
import java.util.Random;
class Operators {
//do the ints
int i, j, k;
//generate random number between 1 and 10
Random rand = new Random();
j = 1 + rand.nextInt(10);
k = 1 + rand.nextInt(10);
System.out.println("j = " + j + " and k = " + k);
//evaluate
i = j + k;
i = j - k;
i = j * k;
i = j / k;
i = j % k;
and display results of math

System.out.println("j + k =
System.out.println("j - k =
System.out.println("j * k =
System.out.println("j / k =
System.out.println("j % k =
operators
" + i);
" + i);
" + i);
" + i);
" + i);
//do the doubles

double v1, v2, v3;
//generate random double between 1.0 and 10.0
v1 = 1.0 + rand.nextDouble() * 9;
v2 = 1.0 + rand.nextDouble() * 9;
System.out.println("v1 = " + v1 + " v2 = " + v2);
v3 = v1 + v2; System.out.println("v1 + v2 = " + v3);
v3 = v1 - v2; System.out.println("v1 - v2 = " + v3);
v3 = v1 * v2; System.out.println("v1 * v2 = " + v3);
v3 = v1 / v2; System.out.println("v1 / v2 = " + v3);
}
j = 7 and k = 6
j + k = 13
j - k = 1
j * k = 42
j / k = 1
j % k = 1
v1 = 3.5279786640632915 v2 = 9.035898448743211
v1 + v2 = 12.563877112806502
v1 - v2 = -5.5079197846799195
v1 * v2 = 31.878456937808643
v1 / v2 = 0.39044027376757345
33
2:
Operators.java operator
i j
(random) method nextInt(max value) method 0
max value max value
1 10 1 method

1: /**
2:
3: */
4:
5: class Operators1 {
6:
7:
int a, b, c, d, e;
8:
9:
b = 1 + (int)(Math.random() * 10);
10:
c = 1 + (int)(Math.random() * 10);
11:
d = 1 + (int)(Math.random() * 10);
12:
e = 1 + (int)(Math.random() * 10);
13:
14:
System.out.print("b = " + b + " c = " + c);
15:
System.out.println(" d = " + d + " e = " + e);
16:
a = b + c - d;
17:
System.out.println("Value of a is " + a);
18:
a = b * c - d;
19:
20:
a = b / c * d;
21:
22:
}
23: }
run
b = 8
Value
Value
Value
c = 2 d
of a is
of a is
of a is
= 6 e = 5
4
10
24
2.7
(precedence)
operator
( )
2.4
2.4 Operator Precedence
Operator
(), [], ., postfix ++, postfix -unary +, unary , prefix ++, prefix -(datatype), new
*, /, %
+, <<, >>, >>>
<, <=, >, >=, instanceof
==, !=
&
^
|
&&
34
Java
||
?:
=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, <<=, >>=, >>>=, &=, |=, ^=
2.7.1 integer
integer

operator
statement
50 * 2 45 / 5
91 2 50 5 45
50 2 100 9

50 * (2 45) / 5
50 * -43 / 5
-430
integer
4 9 2.25
integer Java 2

5/2=2
125 / 4 = 31
3/9=0
15 / 15 = 1
operator %
5%2=1
125 % 4 = 1
3%9=3
15 % 15 = 0

integer
Java double float
(
double float )

(vat) price rate

double price = 120.0, rate = 7.5;
35
2:
Java
integer
1: /**
2:
Integer calculation
3: */
4:
5: class IntegerCal {
6:
7:
//declares and initialize three variables
8:
int studentNumber = 40;
9:
int teacherNumber = 30;
10:
int totalNumber = 0;
11:
12:
totalNumber = studentNumber + teacherNumber;
13:
14:
//display result
15:
System.out.print(studentNumber + " students + " + teacherNumber);
16:
System.out.println(" teachers = " + totalNumber + " people");
17:
18:
System.out.println("30 + 45 = " + 30 + 45);
19:
}
20: }
Integer.java
(studentNumber) (teacherNumber)
totalNumber = studentNumber + teacherNumber;
Java
studentNumber teacherNumber
totalNumber = (assignment operator) 2-2
teacherNumber
studentNumber
40
totalNumber
30
70
2-2 integer
System.out.print()
System.out.println()
System.out.print(studentNumber + " students + " + teacherNumber);
studentNumber string "student +"

teacherNumber
System.out.println(" teachers = " + totalNumber + " people");
36
double vat = price * rate;
string " teachers = " totalNumber

string " people"
( cursor )
40 students + 30 teachers = 70 people
"" Java +
(System.out) " "
Java

System.out.println("30 + 45 = " + (30 + 45));
"30 + 45 = " (30 + 45)

75
30 + 45 = 75
30 45 Java
30 + 45 = 3045
Java
System.out System.out

total = total + value;

value
total
total
value
2-3

total += value;
+=
() operator
2.5
37
2:
2.5 operator
sum = sum + count;

sum = sum - count;
sum = sum * count;
sum = sum / count;
sum = sum % count;
sum += count;
sum -= count;
sum *= count;
sum /= count;
sum %= count;
total += 4;
sum += 1;
operator

count = count + 1;
value -= 1;

operator ++ operator --
count++;
value--;
++
-
postfix (postfix notation) operator
Java

total += 2;

total -= 3;
Java Operator

int count = 8, value = 5;
count = count + value++;
value count
value
count + value value++
Java value count
value execute count = count + value++
13 value 6
count = count + ++value;
14 ()
38
Java
++ Java value
count 14
prefix (prefix notation)
prefix postfix Java
loop
(repetition)
prefix postfix
int count = 10, value = 5;
count--;
value++;
value = ++count + ++value;
execute value = ++count + --value; value 17

count 9 value 6 ( count value++)
code
value = (++count) + (++value);
value = (count += 1) + (value += 1);
value = (count = count + 1) + (value = value + 1);
(?)
value =
(count++) + (value++);
count = 10 value = 5
postfix ++ Java count
10 value 5 value
value 15 count value
count 11 value 16
run value = 15 count = 11 ?

value = 5;
value = value++;
run value = 5 Java postfix

operator ++
run
int sum = value++;
sum 5 value 6 postfix

operator ++
(
value = value + 1 )
++

39
2:
operator ++
operator
1: /**
2:
Shows increment operators
3: */
4: class Increments {
5:
6:
int value = 25, number = 25;
7:
8:
System.out.println("value is " + value);
9:
System.out.println("number is " + number);
10:
--value;
11:
number++;
12:
13:
14:
value = value + --number;
15:
16:
17:
number = number - value++;
18:
19:
20:
number--;
21:
value++;
22:
23:
24:
value = --value;
25:
number = number++;
26:
27:
28:
}
29: }
run
value is 25
number is 25
value is 24
number is 26
value is 49
number is 25
value is 50
number is -24
value is 51
number is -25
value is 50
number is -25
operator increment (++ --)

operator
operator expression

operator
code
2.7.2 integer (short byte)

byte short Java
int short byte
int (ByteShort.java)
1: /**
2:
Shows byte and short integer calculation
3: */
4: class ByteShort {
40
Java
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16: }

short numScooters = 10;
short numChoppers = 5;
short total = 0;
total = numScooters + numChoppers;
System.out.println("Number of scooters is " + numScooters);
System.out.println("Number of choppers is " + numChoppers);
System.out.println("Total number of bikes is " + total);
}
compile Java error

ByteShort.java:10: possible loss of precision
found
: int
required: short
^
1 error
integer 64 bit total

16 bit compiler
int casting
2.7.3 (casting)
cast
cast
ByteShort.java Java compile
total = (short)(numScooters + numChoppers);
Java compile run

Number of scooters is 10
Number of choppers is 5
Total number of bikes is 15
numScooters 32767
compile run
short numScooters = 32767; //
short numChoppers = 5;

Number of scooters is 32767
Number of choppers is 5
Total number of bikes is -32764
total -32764 32772

?
short 32767
total
Java (
bit 64 bit 32 bit)

41
2:
cast

cast Casting.java
1: /**
2:
Changing type of data
3: */
4:
5: class Casting {
6:
7:
byte byteVar = 127;
8:
short shortVar = 32767;
9:
long longVar = 100000;
10:
int intVar = 300000;
11:
12:
System.out.println("byteVar is " + byteVar);
13:
System.out.println("shortVar is " + shortVar);
14:
System.out.println("longVar is " + longVar);
15:
System.out.println("intVar is " + intVar);
16:
17:
byteVar = (byte)shortVar;
18:
shortVar = (short)longVar;
19:
longVar = (int)intVar * (int)longVar;
20:
intVar = (short)intVar * (short)intVar;
21:
22:
System.out.println("byteVar is " + byteVar);
23:
System.out.println("shortVar is " + shortVar);
24:
System.out.println("longVar is " + longVar);
25:
System.out.println("intVar is " + intVar);
26:
}
27: }
run
byteVar is 127
shortVar is 32767
longVar is 100000
intVar is 300000
byteVar is -1
shortVar is -31072
longVar is -64771072
intVar is 766182400
long ( long L
) long
long value = 125;
long price = 200L;
int total = 0;
total = value * price;
value long price

integer
o
o
long L
bit 64 bit
int bit
32 bit
integer
o
42
int 0 Java
error exception
Java
o
o
error Java
exception
% 0 error 0
2.8 (Floating Point Calculations)

integer
operator + - * /
1: /**
2:
Calculating with floating-point numbers
3: */
4: class FloatingPoint {
5:
6:
double weeklyPay = 1075 * 5;//1075 per day
7:
double extras = 1580;
8:
final double TAX_RATE = 8.5;//tax rate in percent
9:
10:
//calculate tax and income
11:
double tax = (weeklyPay + extras) * TAX_RATE / 100;
12:
double totalIncome = (weeklyPay + extras) - tax;
13:
14:
System.out.println("Tax = " + tax);
15:
System.out.println("Total income = " + totalIncome);
16:
}
17: }
FloatingPoint.java
1075 1580 8.5%
execute
Tax = 591.175
Total income = 6363.825

? code
1: /**
2:
Calculating floating-point with formatted output
3: */
4:
5: import java.text.*;
//for NumberFormat
6:
7: class FloatingPoint2 {
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
//set format output
14:
NumberFormat form = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance();
15:
form.setMaximumFractionDigits(2);
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
21:
System.out.println("Tax = " + form.format(tax));
22:
System.out.println("Total income = " +
form.format(totalIncome));
23:
}
43
2:
Java
NumberFormat form = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance();

form.setMaximumFractionDigits(2);
form.format(tax) form.format(totalIncome)
Tax = 591.18
Total income = 6,363.82
591.175 591.18 6363.825 6363.82

totalIncome , (comma)
method getNumbereInstance() setMaximumFractionDigits()
import class NumberFormat
method
method class DecimalFormat format
, (comma) ?
(FloatingPoint3.java)
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
21:
22:
23:
/**
Calculating floating-point with formatted output
*/
import java.text.*;
//for DecimalFormat
class FloatingPoint3 {
//set format output
DecimalFormat form = new DecimalFormat("#.00");
System.out.println("Tax = " + form.format(tax));
System.out.println("Total income = " + form.format(totalIncome));
}
}
Tax = 591.18
Total income = 6363.82
class DecimalFormat NumberFormat format
DecimalFormat form = new DecimalFormat("#.00);
, (comma)
Java 1.5
printf()
44
24: }
2:
Java 1.5 printf()

1: /**
2:
Using printf() for formatted output
3: */
4:
5: class UsingPrintf {
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
String total = "Total income = ";
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
System.out.printf("Tax = %.2f%n", tax);
17:
System.out.printf("%s %.2f", total, totalIncome);
18:
}
19: }
16 printf()
'%.2f'
'f' %n
" "
','
17 String
16 %s String
','
" "
2.8.1.1 (flag) printf()
(
)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(-)
(+)
(0)
comma (,)
(
1: /**
2:
Using flags in printf()
3: */
4:
5: class FlagInPrintf {
6:
7:
8:
System.out.println("column:\t01234567890123456789");
9:
System.out.printf("\t%+d %d %n", 1234, 1234);
10:
System.out.printf("\t%-10.2f%n", 1234.567);
11:
System.out.printf("\t%+09d%n", 493);
12:
System.out.printf("\t%09d%n", 493);
13:
System.out.printf("\t%,d%n", 123456);
14:
System.out.printf("\t%,.2f%n", 1234.567);
15:
System.out.printf("\t%(d%n", -1234);
16:
System.out.printf("\t%(.1e%n", -493.0);
17:
}
18: }
45
2.8.1 printf()

column:
01234567890123456789
+1234 1234
1234.57
+00000493
000000493
123,456
1,234.57
(1234)
(4.9e+02)
(column
flag
)
2.8.2 format() printf()
format() printf() code
16 17 UsingPrintf
System.out.format("Tax = %.2f%n", tax);

System.out.format("%s %.2f", total, totalIncome);

Tax = 591.18
Total income =
6363.83

2.6
2.6
%%
% String
%a, %A

%b, %B

%c, %C
%d
%e, %E
exponential notation
%f

%g, %G

%h, %H
(hash code)
%n
%o
%s, %S
String
%t, %T
%x, %X
2.8.3 System

System
out.println() out.printf() Java
1.5 import static import import

1: /**
2:
Display output without 'System'
46
Java
3: */
4:
5: import static java.lang.System.out;
6:
7: class StaticImport {
8:
9:
String name = "Jennie Xumsai";
10:
int age = 9;
11:
12:
out.printf("%s is %s%n", name, age);
13:
14:
long maxLong = Long.MAX_VALUE;
15:
double maxDouble = Double.MAX_VALUE;
16:
out.printf("Maximum long: %d%n", maxLong);
17:
out.printf("Maximum double: %E%n", maxDouble);
18:
}
19: }
import static 5 Java

Java 'static field' 'out' method printf()
12, 16 17 'System'
Jennie Xumsai is 9
Maximum long: 9223372036854775807
Maximum double: 1.797693E+308
static import
2.9 (Mixed Type Calculations)

Java

integer
1: /**
2:
Demonstrates mixed-type calculations
3: */
4:
5: class FloatingPoint4 {
6:
7:
double hourlyPay = 85.50D;
//85.50 per hour
8:
int hoursPerDay = 8;
//8 hours per day
9:
int numberOfDays = 5;
//total days worked
10:
int extraHoursWorked = 15;
//overtime hours
11:
final double TAX_RATE = 8.5D; //tax rate in percent
12:
13:
//calculate weekly pay
14:
double weeklyPay = hourlyPay * hoursPerDay * numberOfDays;
15:
//calculate extra pay
16:
double extras = extraHoursWorked * (hourlyPay + (hourlyPay / 2.0));
17:
//calculate tax
18:
19:
//calculate total income
20:
21:
22:
System.out.printf("Income before tax = %.2f%n", (weeklyPay + extras));
23:
System.out.printf("Tax = %.2f%n", tax);
24:
System.out.printf("Income after tax = %.4f%n", totalIncome);
25:
}
26: }
FloatingPoint4.java double integer

hoursPerDay, numberOfDays
47
2:
extraHoursWorked integer hourlyPay, weeklyPay, extras, tax

totalIncome double
Java int double

Income before tax = 5343.75
Tax = 454.22
Income after tax = 4889.5313
()
o
o
o
double double
float float
long long

1: /**
2:
3: */
4:
5: class MixedTypes {
6:
7:
double result = 0.0;
8:
int one = 1, two = 2;
9:
10:
result = 1.5D + one / two;
11:
12:
System.out.printf("Result is %.2f%n", result);
13:
}
14: }
2.0 Java 1.5
result = 1.5 + one / two;
one two int

int 0 Java 0 double
1.5 cast one double

1: /**
2:
3: */
4:
5: class MixedTypes {
6:
7:
double result = 0.0;
8:
int one = 1, two = 2;
9:
10:
result = 1.5D + (double)one / two;
11:
12:
System.out.printf("Result is %.2f%n", result);
13:
}
14: }
2.0
48
Java
cast cast

2.9.1 Autoboxing Unboxing
int, short, float
user object

myNum Integer myNumToo int
object
( java 1.5)
Integer myNum = new Integer(35);
int myNumToo = 35;
myNum = myNumToo; myNumToo = myNum;
Java 1.5 Autoboxing Unboxing

Boxing wrapper type (object
) Boolean, Byte, Short, Character, Integer, Long, Float, Double
Autoboxing
wrapper type unboxing
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
21:
22:
/**
From wrapper type to primitives and vice versa
*/
import static java.lang.System.out;
class WrapPrim {
public static void main(String[] argas) {
Integer myInteger = new Integer(35);
int myInt = 4;
out.printf("MyInt = %d%n", myInt);
//boxing
myInt = myInteger;
out.printf("Now MyInt = %d%n", myInt);
double myD = 3.145;

//unboxing
Double myDouble = myD;
out.printf("myD = %.3f, myDouble = %.3f%n", myD, myDouble);
run
MyInt = 4
Now MyInt = 35
myD = 3.145, myDouble = 3.145
boxing 14 unboxing 19
Java
Integer num1 = new Integer(35);
int num2 = num1.intValue();
Integer num3 = Integer.valueOf(num2);
49
2:
num1 Integer 35 num2 int int

num1 method intValue() class Integer num3 Integer
Integer int num2 valueOf() class
Integer 35
wrapper type Double Character
Java API Sun
2.10
int Java

2.10.1 BigInteger
Java class BigInteger
Java
1. Object class BigInteger
2. method
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
21:
22:
23:
24:
25:
26:
27:
28:
29:
/**
Big Integers Operations Demo
*/
import java.math.BigInteger;
class BigIntegerDemo {
BigInteger big1 = new BigInteger("999999999999999999999999999999");
BigInteger big2 = new BigInteger("999999999999999999999999999999");
BigInteger result;
//add big1 and big2
result = big1.add(big2);
System.out.println("big1 + big2 = " + result);
//subtract big1 and big2
result = big1.subtract(big2);
System.out.println("big1 - big2 = " + result);
//multiply big1 and big2
result = big1.multiply(big2);
System.out.println("big1 * big2 = " + result);
//divide big1 and big2

result = big1.divide(big2);
System.out.println("big1 / big2 = " + result);
big1
big1
big1
big1
+
*
/
big2
big2
big2
big2
=
=
=
=
1999999999999999999999999999998
0
999999999999999999999999999998000000000000000000000000000001
1
class BigDecimal BigInteger

50
Java
2:

function
sine cosine tangent Java
function
function
Quadratic Equation ax2 + bx +
c = 0
x1 =
b + b 2 4ac
2a
x2 =
b b 2 4ac
2a
mathematical function square root Java method

Math.sqrt()
1: /**
2:
Calculating roots of a function
3: */
4:
5: class Quadratic {
6:
7:
double a, b, c;
8:
9:
//4x2 + 20x + 16 = 0
10:
a = 4;
11:
b = 20;
12:
c = 16;
13:
14:
//calculate determinant
15:
double det = Math.sqrt(b * b - 4 * a * c);
16:
17:
//calculate roots
18:
double x1 = (-b + det) / (2 * a);
19:
double x2 = (-b - det) / (2 * a);
20:
21:
System.out.printf("Root 1 = %.4f%n", x1);
22:
System.out.printf("Root 2 = %.4f", x2);
23:
}
24: }
Root 1 = -1.0000
Root 2 = -4.0000
Quadratic. java determinant

0 square root 0
b2 4ac

(if else)
Math.sqrt()
Mathematical function
1: /**
2:
Finding max and min
3: */
4:
5: class MaxMin {
6:
51
2.11 Mathematical Functions Java
Java
int num1 = 58, num2 = 97, num3 = 15;

//finding maximum between num1, num2, and num3
int maxOfTwo = Math.max(num1, num2);
int maxOfAll = Math.max(maxOfTwo, num3);
//finding minimum between num1, num2, and num3
int minOfTwo = Math.min(num1, num2);
int minOfAll = Math.min(minOfTwo, num3);
System.out.printf("Maximum number is %d%n", maxOfAll);
System.out.printf("Minimum number is %d", minOfAll);
}
MaxMin.java method max() min()

integer 3 method
parameter integer
2 integer execute

Maximum number is 97
Minimum number is 15
method class Math

1: /**
2:
Other math functions
3: */
4:
5: class Maths {
6:
7:
double angle = 0.7853982; //45 degrees angle in radians
8:
9:
System.out.println("sin(45) is " + Math.sin(angle));
10:
System.out.println("cos(45) is " + Math.cos(angle));
11:
System.out.println("tan(45) is " + Math.tan(angle));
12:
13:
System.out.println("Absolute value of -456 is " + Math.abs(-456));
14:
System.out.println("2 to the 4th power is " + Math.pow(2D, 4D));
15:
System.out.println("2.345267 rounded to " + Math.round(2.345267));
16:
System.out.println("2.859 rounded to " + Math.round(2.859));
17:
System.out.println("The remainder of 3.25 / 2.25 is " +
Math.IEEEremainder(3.25, 2.25));
18:
System.out.println("The nearest integer of PI is " + Math.rint(Math.PI));
19:
}
20: }
Maths.java method class Math sine cosine tangent

45 0.7853982 radians
radians
method parameter radians
absolute -456 24
run
sin(45) is 0.7071068070684596
cos(45) is 0.7071067553046345
tan(45) is 1.0000000732051062
Absolute value of -456 is 456
2 to the 4th power is 16.0
2.345267 rounded to 2
2.859 rounded to 3
The remainder of 3.25 / 2.25 is 1.0
The nearest integer of PI is 3.0
method toRadians() degrees

radians
52
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
19:
20: }
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
21:
22:
23:
/**
*/
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
class Maths1 {
double angle = 45;
//45 degrees angle
double sin, cos, tan;
//set format output
DecimalFormat f = new DecimalFormat("0.00000");
//calculate sin, cos, and tan
sin = Math.sin(Math.toRadians(angle));
cos = Math.cos(Math.toRadians(angle));
tan = Math.tan(Math.toRadians(angle));
System.out.println("sin(" + angle + ") = " + f.format(sin));
System.out.println("cos(" + angle + ") = " + f.format(cos));
System.out.println("tan(" + angle + ") = " + f.format(tan));
}
}
Maths1.java
sin(45.0) = 0.70711
cos(45.0) = 0.70711
tan(45.0) = 1.00000
math function
1: /**
2:
3: */
4:
5: class Radius {
6:
7:
double radius;
8:
double area = 850.0;
9:
int meters, centimeters;
10:
11:
//calculate radius
12:
radius = Math.sqrt(area / Math.PI);
13:
14:
//convert to meters and centimeters
15:
meters = (int)Math.floor(radius);
16:
centimeters = (int)Math.round(100.0 * (radius - meters));
17:
18:
System.out.printf("Circle with area of %.2f %s", area, "square meters ");
19:
System.out.printf("has a radius of %d %s", meters, "meters and ");
20:
System.out.printf("%d %s%n", centimeters, "centimeters");
21:
}
22: }
floor() round()
centimeters meters radius run
Circle with area of 850.00 square meters has a radius of 16 meters and 45
centimeters
method 2.7
53
2:
2.7 Mathematical Functions

Method
Function
sin(arg)
sine
cos(arg)
cosine
tan(arg)
tangent
asin(arg)
arc sine
Argument
double (radians)
double (radians)
double (radians)
double
acos(arg)
arc cosine
double
atan(arg)
arc tangent
double
atan2(arg1, arg2)
arc tangent of arg1

arg2
double
abs(arg)
absolute arg
max(arg1, arg2)
arg1
arg2
arg1
arg2
arg

arg
int long float

double
int long float
double
int long float
double
double
Result Type
double
double
double
double (radians
/2
/2)
double (radians
0.0
)
double (radians
/2
/2 )
double (radians

)
Argument
Argument
Argument
double
double
Double
min(arg1, arg2)
ceil(arg)
floor(arg)
round(arg)
integer
arg
float double
rint(arg)
integer
arg
arg1 arg2
root arg
arg1
arg2
e arg
log arg
0.0
1.0
double
int
argument
float long
double
double
double
double
double
double
double
double
double
double
double
double
double
IEEEremainder(arg1,
arg2)
sqrt(arg)
pow(arg1, arg2)
exp(arg)
log(arg)
Random()
2.12 (char)

Java
1: /**
2:
Using character data
3: */
4:
5: class Characters {
54
Java
2:

char H, e, l, o;
H
e
l
o
=
=
=
=
72;
101;
108;
111;
//ASCII
//ASCII
//ASCII
//ASCII
for
for
for
for
'H'
'e'
'l'
'o'
System.out.printf("%c", H);
System.out.printf("%c", e);
System.out.printf("%c", l);
System.out.printf("%c", l);
System.out.printf("%c", o);
System.out.println(" World");
}
run Characters. java Hello World

Unicode H e l o
character operator
1: /**
2:
Using operators on characters
3: */
4:
5: class Characters1 {
6:
7:
char ch1 = 88, ch2 = 77;
8:
9:
System.out.printf("ch1 = %c%n", ch1);
10:
System.out.printf("ch2 = %c%n", ch2);
11:
12:
ch1 -= 23;
//Unicode for 'A'
13:
ch2 += 6;
//Unicode for 'S'
14:
15:
System.out.println("ch1 = " + ch1);
16:
17:
}
18: }
ch1 ch2 X M
ch1 ch2
ch1 23 ch2 6 A X
execute
ch1
ch2
ch1
ch2
=
=
=
=
X
M
A
S
Unicode
1: /**
2:
Unicode character
3: */
4:
5: class Characters2 {
6:
public static void main(String\u005B\u005D args) {
7:
char ch1 = '\u0058'; //unicode for 'X'
8:
char ch2 = '\u004D'; //unicode for 'M'
9:
char ch3 = '\u0041'; //unicode for 'A'
10:
char ch4 = '\u0053'; //unicode for 'S'
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
}
17: }
55
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
21: }
run Characters1.java
Unicode Unicode

'?'
6 Unicode \u005B \u005D
[] Java []
2.7
Character Escape Sequences
( )
2.7 Character Escape Sequence
Escape Sequence
\ddd
(Octal)
\uxxxx
Unicode (Hexadecimal)
\'
' (Single quote)
\"
" (Double quote)
\\
\r
(Carriage return)
\n
(New line Linefeed)
\f
(Form feed)
\t
(Tab)
\b
2.13 boolean
boolean
boolean
boolean operator
Logical Operator
boolean operator
&&
||
&
|
!
Conditional AND
Conditional OR
Logical AND
Logical OR
Logical NOT
&& || Lazy Short Circuit

& |
operator && & &&
false false
false
operator || &&
true true
true
56
Java
2:
operator ! boolean
Operator
boolean
<
>
<=
>=
==
!=
operator Relational operator

operator

1: /**
2:
Testing boolean operations
3: */
4:
5: class BooleanOp {
6:
7:
boolean A = true, B = false;
8:
9:
System.out.println("Conditional AND");
10:
System.out.println("F && F is " + (B && B));
11:
System.out.println("F && T is " + (B && A));
12:
System.out.println("T && F is " + (A && B));
13:
System.out.println("T && T is " + (A && A));
14:
15:
System.out.println("Conditional OR");
16:
System.out.println("F || F is " + (B || B));
17:
System.out.println("F || T is " + (B || A));
18:
System.out.println("T || F is " + (A || B));
19:
System.out.println("T || T is " + (A || A));
20:
21:
System.out.println("Logical AND");
22:
System.out.println("F & F is " + (B & B));
23:
System.out.println("F & T is " + (B & A));
24:
System.out.println("T & F is " + (A & B));
25:
System.out.println("T & T is " + (A & A));
26:
27:
System.out.println("Logical OR");
28:
System.out.println("F | F is " + (B | B));
29:
System.out.println("F | T is " + (B | A));
30:
System.out.println("T | F is " + (A | B));
31:
System.out.println("T | T is " + (A | A));
32:
33:
System.out.println("Logical NOT");
34:
System.out.println("!F is " + (!B));
35:
System.out.println("!T is " + (!A));
36:
}
37: }
A B true false
operator System.out.println()

Conditional AND
F && F is false
F && T is false
57
operator & |
Java
Conditional OR
F || F is false
F || T is true
T || F is true
T || T is true
Logical AND
F & F is false
F & T is false
T & F is false
T & T is true
Logical OR
F | F is false
F | T is true
T | F is true
T | T is true
Logical NOT
!F is true
!T is false
Relational operator (BooleanOp2.java)

1: /**
2:
Using relational operators
3: */
4:
5: class BooleanOp2 {
6:
7:
int i = 5, j = 10;
8:
9:
System.out.println("i = " + i);
10:
System.out.println("j = " + j);
11:
System.out.println("i > j is " + (i > j));
12:
System.out.println("i < j is " + (i < j));
13:
System.out.println("i >= j is " + (i >= j));
14:
System.out.println("i <= j is " + (i <= j));
15:
System.out.println("i == j is " + (i == j));
16:
System.out.println("i != j is " + (i != j));
17:
System.out.println("(i < 10) && (j < 10) is " + ((i < 10) && (j < 10)) );
18:
System.out.println("(i < 10) || (j < 10) is " + ((i < 10) || (j < 10)) );
19:
}
20: }
BooleanOp2.java
operator int i
j 5 10
operator
run
i = 5
j = 10
i > j is false
i < j is true
i >= j is false
i <= j is true
i == j is false
i != j is true
(i < 10) && (j < 10) is false
(i < 10) || (j < 10) is true
operator && operator ||

( 2-4 2-5) p
58
T && F is false
T && T is true
q 5 10 10 5
p = 5, q = 10
(p < q)
&&
p = 10, q = 5
(q <= 10)
(p < q)
&&
(q <= 10)
F
&& F
2- 4 &&
p = 5, q = 10
(p < q)
||
p = 10, q = 5
(q <= 10)
(p < q)
T ||
T
||
(q <= 10)
2-5 ||
2.8 operator && || & |

2.8
P
true
false
true
false
operator && || & |

Q
P && Q
P || Q
true
true
true
true
false
true
false
false
true
false
false
false
P&Q
true
false
false
false
P|Q
true
true
true
false
boolean operator
boolean
(condition)
true false true
false boolean operator
logic (logic and loop)
59
2:
Java
bit operator
bit
operator shift
Java << >> >>>
2.9 operator shift << >> >>>
Operator
<<
operand1 << operand2
bit operand1
operand2 0 bit
>>
operand1 >> operand2
bit operand1
operand2 bit (sign bit)
>>>
operand1 >>> operand2
bit operand1
operand2 0 bit
13 >> 1
13 = 000011012 shift 1 bit 000001102 ( 6
10)
13 << 1
shift 1 bit 000110102 ( 26 10)
13 >>> 1
shift 1 bit 000001102 ( 6 10)
bit bit
bit ShiftLeftOp.java
1: /**
2:
Using left-shift operator
3: */
4:
5: class ShiftLeftOp {
6:
public static void main(String[]
7:
byte bits = 1;
8:
9:
System.out.println("Value of
10:
bits = (byte) (bits << 1);
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
21:
22:
}
23: }
args) {
bits is " + bits);
bits is " + bits);
bits is " + bits);
bits is " + bits);
bits is " + bits);
bits is " + bits);
bits is " + bits);
bits byte bit

run
Value of bits is 1
Value of bits is 2
Value of bits is 4
60
2.14 bit operator Shift Bitwise
Value of bits is 8
Value of bits is 16
Value of bits is 32
byte bit bit

bit ( 20) bits code
run
System.out.println("Value of bits is " + bits);
run code bits -128

Java byte
127
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
bits
bits
bits
bits
bits
bits
bits
is
is
is
is
is
is
is
1
2
4
8
16
32
-128
cast
Java bits int shift
( shift )
>> << bit >>
bit
128 >> 4 128/24 = 16
-256 >> 4 -256/24 = -16
bit << bit

128 << 1 128 * 21 = 256
16 << 2 16 * 22 = 64
bitwise operator bitwise AND (&),
bitwise OR (|) bitwise exclusive OR (XOR)
1: /**
2:
Show bitwise operations
3: */
4:
5: class BitwiseOperations {
6:
public static void main(String[]
7:
byte bits = 5;
8:
9:
10:
11:
//using bitwise AND
12:
bits = (byte)(bits & 5);
13:
14:
15:
//using bitwise OR
16:
bits = (byte)(bits | 7);
17:
18:
19:
//using bitwise exclusive OR
20:
bits = (byte)(bits ^ 4);
21:
22:
}
23: }
args) {
bits is " + bits);
bits is " + bits);
bits is " + bits);

(XOR)
bits is " + bits);
61
2:
bitwise operator 2.10

2.10 bitwise operator &, |, ^
Operator
&
operand1 & operand2
bit 1
1
|
operand1 | operand2
bit 1
1
^
operand1 ^ operand2
bit 1
BitwiseOperations.java & 5 5 12
5 (00000101 & 00000101 = 00000101) 16 | 5 7
7 (00000101 | 00000111 = 00000111) 20 ^ 7
4 3 (00000111 ^ 00000100 = 00000011)

integer floating-point

Java method keyboard

keyboard (
)
2.15

Java 1.5 method
int float double char

C C++ code
String String String
[ Java 1.5
keyboard Scanner]
String String
Java String object ( object? object
)
People of Thailand
price_of_coffee
1234567890
23+popOfRock
String String
keyboard String
code Radius.java area keyboard
1: /**
2:
Reading data from keyboard
3: */
4: import java.io.*;
5:
6: class Radius2 {
7:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
8:
double radius, area;
62
Java
2:

String inputString = null;
//prompt user for area of a circle
System.out.print("Enter area of a circle: ");
//get string from keyboard
InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
BufferedReader buffer = new BufferedReader(in);
inputString = buffer.readLine();
//convert string to double
area = Double.parseDouble(inputString);
//calculate radius
System.out.print("Circle with area of " + area + " square meters ");
System.out.print("has a radius of " + meters + " meters and ");
System.out.println(centimeters + " centimeters");
}
Raadius2.java code String keyboard

System.out.print("Please enter area of a circle: ");
String inputString = buffer.readLine();
user
byte (System.in) character
in buffer
character in String String (
buffer) String method readLine() buffer
String inputString
String String
keyboard (
)
String String
Radius2.java double
String double method parseDouble() class Double
keyboard method
code run
850 54
Please enter area of a circle: 850
Circle with area of 850.0 square meters has a radius of 16 meters and 45
centimeters
Please enter area of a circle: 54
Circle with area of 54.0 square meters has a radius of 4 meters and 15 centimeters
Radius2.java main(..)
throws IOException
63
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
21:
22:
23:
24:
25:
26:
27:
28:
29:
30:
31:
32:
33:
34:
35: }
throws IOException main()

Java
I/O

( 7)
Radius2.java error
Radius2.java:16: unreported exception java.io.IOException; must be caught or
declared to be thrown
String inputString = buffer.readLine();
^
1 error
Java

must be caught or declared to be thrown

(1) catch
(2) throws Java
error

code
1: /**
2:
Reading data from keyboard with error detection
3: */
4:
6:
7: class Radius3 {
8:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
try {
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
InputStreamReader in = new
InputStreamReader(System.in);
19:
20:
21:
}
22:
catch(IOException ioe) {}
23:
24:
25:
26:
27:
//calculate radius
28:
29:
30:
31:
32:
33:
34:
System.out.print("Circle with area of " + area + " square meters ");
35:
System.out.print("has a radius of " + meters + " meters and ");
36:
37:
}
38: }

64
Java

try {
}
inputString

try {
}
string block try

{} catch(IOException ioe) {} block try {}
code code catch(IOExcpetion ioe) {}
error error
Java

Enter try {..} catch()
{} Radius3.java
1: /**
2:
Reading data from keyboard with error detection
3: */
5:
6: class Radius4 {
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
try {
15:
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
try {
21:
22:
23:
24:
//calculate radius
25:
26:
27:
28:
29:
30:
31:
System.out.print("Circle with area of " +
area + " square meters ");
32:
System.out.print("has a radius of " +
meters + " meters and ");
33:
34:
}
35:
//catch empty string (user hits Enter)
36:
catch(Exception e) {
37:
System.out.println("Error! you must supply input");
38:
e.printStackTrace();
65
2:
Java
System.exit(1);
}
}
//catch other I/O error - do nothing
catch(IOException ioe) { /* leave it to Java! */ }
}
Radius3.java try {} cath() {}

System.out.println("Error! you must
supply input");
1. error Java e.printStackTrace();
2. System.exit(1);
execute
Please enter area of a circle: < User Enter >
Error! you must supply input
java.lang.NumberFormatException: empty String
at sun misc FloatingDecimal.readJavaFormatString (Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Double.parseDouble(Unknown Source)
at Radius4.main(Radius4.java:22)
Java
1 System.exit(1) 0
0 1
error code
error
2.15.1 Scanner
(
C Java)
Scanner
Scanner
keyboard keyboard
Scanner
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
21:
22:
23:
/**
Reading numbers via Scanner
*/
import java.util.Scanner;
import static java.lang.System.out;
class AddIntegers {
//setup input channel via command prompt
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
int number1, number2;
int sum;
float average;
//prompt for two integers
out.print("Enter first integer: ");
number1 = input.nextInt();
out.print("Enter second integer: ");
number2 = input.nextInt();
//find sum and average
66
39:
40:
41:
42:
43:
44:
45: }
2:
sum = number1 + number2;

average = sum / 2.0F;
//display results
out.printf("Sum of two integers is %d%n", sum);
out.printf("Average of two integers is %.2f%n", average);
}
11 command prompt Scanner

integer 19 21 method
nextInt() class Scanner method

integer nextInt()
float double nextFloat() nextDouble()
long short nextLong() nextShort()
next()
nextLine()
hasNext(), hasNextInt(),
hasNextDouble()
Class Scanner method Java
API
2.15.2 Dialog Box

InputDialog Method Java Swing
Swing method

InputDialog
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
21:
/**
Reading input via InputDialog
*/
import javax.swing.*;
class InputTest {
//get name
String name = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("What is your name?");
//get age
String ageStr = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Tell me you age.");
int age = Integer.parseInt(ageStr);
//send output to standard output device (console)
System.out.println("Hello " + name + " " +
age + " is very young!");
System.exit(0);
}
}
compile run
67
24:
25:
26:
27:
28:
29:
30:
31: }
Prompt user
OK
dialog box
Cancel
dialog box
Peter Pan OK
OK console
Hello Peter Pan 42 is very young!
Inputtest.java 3 2 name ageStr

String user
String name = JOptionPane.showInputDialog ("What is your name?");
String ageStr = JOptionPane.showInputDialog ("Tell me your age.");
age string user int
(System.exit(0))
Java JOptionpane.showInputDialog
Java Thread InputDialog
console
InputDiaglog

MessageDialog user
1: /**
2:
Reading input via InputDialog
3:
Sending output via MessageDialog
4: */
5: import javax.swing.*;
68
Java
6:
7: class OutputTest {
8:
9:
//get name
10:
String name = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("What is your name?");
11:
12:
//get age
13:
String ageStr = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Tell me you age.");
14:
int age = Integer.parseInt(ageStr);
15:
age += 5;
16:
17:
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,
18:
"Hello " + name + ", " +
19:
" 5 years from now you will be " + age +
20:
".\nWhich is still very young!",
21:
"Output",
22:
JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
23:
24:
System.exit(0);
25:
}
26: }
OutputTest.java InputTest.java

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,
"Hello " + name + ", " +
"Output",
JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
user Dialog Window showMessageDialog()

parameter 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Component
Object message
string title MessageDialog
Message
Component null ( scope ) Object

message
"Hello " + name + ", " +
String title MessageDialog "Output"

message (INFORMATION_MESSAGE)
message icon MessageDialog
run ()
MessageDialog message
"\n" int
69
2:
MessageDialog ( age) string

Java

keyboard
dialog box
( dialog box
)

3 (loop)
2.16 enum
Java 1.5 enum
final
enum enum
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
/**
Shows simple usage of enum
*/
enum Season {SUMMER, RAINNY, WINTER};
class UseOfEnum {
//printing values of enum
System.out.println("Seasons in Thailand are: " +
Season.SUMMER + ", " +
Season.RAINNY + ", and " +
Season.WINTER);
}
}
enum enum enum

{ {
enum Season
3 SUMMER, RAINNY, WINTER }
enum
enum (.)
enum
Season.WINTER
enum
Java
UseOfEnum.java
System.out.println("SUMMER = " + Season.SUMMER.ordinal() + "\n" +
"RAINNY = " + Season.RAINNY.ordinal() + "\n" +
"WINTER = " + Season.WINTER.ordinal());
70
Java
2:
Seasons in Thailand are: SUMMER, RAINNY, and WINTER

SUMMER = 0
RAINNY = 1
WINTER = 2
Season.SUMMER SUMMER

Java
enum

primitive datatype Java

(casting) method
error
bit dialog box
1. final
2. 5, 5.0, '5', "5", "5.0"
3.
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
System.out.println("4" + 4);
System.out.println('4' + 4);
System.out.println("4" + 4 + 4);
System.out.println("4" + (4 + 4));
System.out.println('4' + 4 + 4);
4.
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
System.out.println("Value is %f %e\n", 45.25, 45.25);

System.out.println("Value is %5.4f %5.4e\n", 45.25, 45.25);
System.out.println("%4b%n", (4 > 5));
System.out.println("%6s\n", "Java");
5. cast cast
char c = 'A';
in = (int)c;
boolean b = true;
in = (int)b;
float f = 500.44f;
in = (int)f;
double d = 500.44d;
in = (int)d;
71
int x = 65;
char c = (char)x;
int v = 1000;
Boolean b = (Boolean)v;
6. x 1
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
6.5.
6.6.
6.7.
6.8.
(x > 1) & (x++ > 1)

(x > 1) && (x++ > 1)
x >> 1
x << 1
x >>> 1
x^1
x&1
x|1
7.
double x = 4.5;
double y = -45.25;
int p = 12;
int q = 2;
7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
7.5.
7.6.
7.7.
7.8.
7.9.
7.10.
x + p * y / (p y) * x
p % (p q)
(int) y
(int) p
Math.round(x)
(int) Math.round(y)
-2 * y + (int) x
q/p
p%q
y * y y + (x * (int) x)
8. int keyboard 2 double

2 4

9. Java
9.1.
9.2.
9.3.
9.4.
a + bc / 2
a(a c) + b(b c) (c(c a) / d)
b2 4ac
(4/3)2 / 2
9.5.
T xM
q= 1
+ T2
Dk
10. Celsius Fahrenheit

keyboard
Celsius =
72
5
(Fahrenheit 32)
9
Java
11. Fahrenheit Celsius

keyboard
12. keyboard mile
13. keyboard
( 1 365 )
14. int 5
15.

16.
beer 1 beer 1 (24
) barley 1 200
barley beer
17. long (digit) 10 12

,
3
18.
(perimeter)
19. keyboard
20. double 5 keyboard

21. 865,000
7,600
21.1.
21.2.
21.3.
(cubic mile mile3)

(cubic mile)
22. double xxx.xxxx 123.4567

keyboard
long long
long
23. integer 0 10
number square cube

0
0
0
1
1
1
2
4
8
3
9
27
4
16
64
5
25 125
6
36 216
7
49 343
8
64 512
9
81 729
10
100 1000
73
2:
24. 4 JOptionPane.showInputDialog
JOptionPane.messageDialog
25. JOptionPane 19
26. (lower case)
(upper case) method Java ( ASCII
)
27.
true
false
Can edges 1, 2, and 1 form a triangle? False
Can edges 2, 2, and 1 form a triangle? True
[
]
28. 0 1000
345 12
[ operator % operator /
654 % 10 = 4 654 / 10 = 65]
29. JOptionPane 20
JOptionPane string
double 5
string
input
method class StringTokenizer package

java.util.StringTokenizer ( 3)
74
Java

JAVA Basic TH Ch2 Variables&Expressions

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JAVA Basic TH Ch2 Variables&Expressions

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o

(variable declaration) integer floating-point

Java ( applet) method main()

2.1 (data and variable)

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

2.2 (Data Type)

2 byte ( ASCII 1 byte)

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

2.2 (primitive datatype)

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

not have been initialized

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

int: " + minInt);

long longVar; longVar long

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

int one = 1, two = 2, three = one + two;

Java one two

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

error Java error 13

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

0.0000000000000000000000000009 (9.0 x 10-28)

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

2.6 (statement and expression)

int priceOfBook = 125;

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

method random() run

and display results of math

//do the doubles

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

studentNumber string "student +"

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

double vat = price * rate;

string " teachers = " totalNumber

"30 + 45 = " (30 + 45)

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

sum = sum + count;

count = count + ++value;

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

execute value = ++count + --value; value 17

value = (count += 1) + (value += 1);

value = (count = count + 1) + (value = value + 1);

run value = 5 Java postfix

sum 5 value 6 postfix

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

operator increment (++ --)

2.7.2 integer (short byte)

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

public static void main(String[] args) {

compile Java error

integer 64 bit total

Java compile run

total -32764 32772

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

value long price

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)

2.8 (Floating Point Calculations)

double tax = (weeklyPay + extras) * TAX_RATE / 100;

intro. to Java (FEU.faa)