CHAPTER 2: INTERNATIONAL

SHIPPING

CONTENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Introduction
Shipping facilities
Liner trade/ Tramp Trade
Bills of Lading (B/L)
International Rules for carriage of
goods by sea
6. Chartering (Voyage Charter, Bareboat
charter, Time Charter)
7. Charter Parties (C/P)

INTRODUCTION OF
SHIPPING
of the earth is water
70%-85% cargoes of world trade are
transported by sea (in volume)
60% value of cargoes of world trade
are transported by sea (in value)
Vietnam: 3260 km of coastal lines in
length from the North to the South,
27th in the world

I. INTRODUCTION

Characteristics:

The sea road is not too costly to invest:

shipping lines, Suez channel, Panama channel
Sea transport is suitable for almost commodities
in international trade
The capability of carrying is large
The sea freight is relatively low
Sea transport is not speedy: max 40 miles/h
High risk when transporting by sea: piracy, act
of God, accidents, collision,

II. FACILITIES
1. PORT/ TERMINAL
1.1. Definition

Article 59. Seaports

1. Seaport is an area covering port land and port waters
where facilities are built and equipment is installed for
seagoing vessels' navigation and operation for loading
and unloading cargoes, embarking and disembarking
passengers and providing other services.
Port land is a delimited land area for the construction of
wharves, warehouses, storage yards, workshops, office
buildings, service facilities, road, information and
communication, electricity and water systems and
other aids and for the installation of equipment.

PORT
Port waters is a delimited water area for the
establishment of waters in front of wharves, area for
vessels' maneuvers, area for anchorage, area for
lighterage, storm-shelter area, area for embarkment and
disembarkment of pilots, quarantine area, area for
fairways, and other aids.
A seaport may have one or more harbors. A harbor may
have one or more wharves. A harbor consists of wharves,
warehouses, storage yards, workshops, office buildings,
service facilities, road, information and communication,
electricity and water systems, entrance channels, and
other aids. A wharf is a fixed structure in a harbor, used
for seagoing vessels' anchorage, loading and unloading of
cargoes, embarkment and disembarkment of passengers,
and provision of other services.

 2. Seaport facilities consist of harbor

facilities and public seaport facilities.
Harbor facilities consist of wharves, waters in front of
wharves, warehouses, storage yards, workshops,
office buildings, service facilities, road, information
and communication, electricity and water systems,
sub-channels of the seaport and other aids constructed
or installed on the port land and in the waters in front
of wharves.
Public seaport facilities consist of seaport channels,
the system of navigation aids and other aids.

 3. Seaport channel is a delimited water area

from the sea to a port marked by a system of
navigation aids and other aids to ensure safe
navigation of seagoing vessels and other crafts
into and out of the seaport.
Sub-channel is a delimited water area from the
seaport channel to a harbor marked by a
system of navigation aids and other aids to
ensure safe navigation of seagoing vessels and
other crafts into and out of the harbor.

 Classification of seaports
Seaports are classified into the following
classes:
1. Seaports of class I are extremely important,
big seaports in service of national or interregional socio-economic development;
2. Seaports of class II are important, medium
seaports in service of regional or local socioeconomic development;
3. Seaports of class III are small seaports in
service of enterprises' operation.

Functions of seaports
1. To ensure safety for seagoing vessels entering,
operating in and leaving the seaports.
2. To provide facilities and equipment necessary for
seagoing vessels to anchor, load and unload cargoes,
embark and disembark passengers.
3. To provide cargo transportation, loading and unloading,
warehousing and preservation services in the seaports.
4. To provide shelter, repair, maintenance or necessary
services to seagoing vessels and other crafts in
emergency cases.
5. To provide other services for seagoing vessels, people
and cargoes.

1.2. Seaport facilities:

+ Group 1: Facilities and equipment for vessel (anchorage,
pilot, navigation hub, communication system, signals..)
+ Group 2: Facilities and equipment for transportation,
loading and discharging, derrick, Chassis, Container,
Pallet....
+ Nhm 3: Facilities and equipment for storage
(warehouse, CFS, CY,...)
+ Group 4: Inbound traffic system ( from warehouse to
berth, statation, inland water way, railway )
+ Group 5: Facilities and equipment for administration
management and vessel management (office, computer,
network....)

1.3 Seaport system of Vietnam:

Students could do an assignment with these
topics:
-

Seaport system in HoChiMinh City

Seaport system in the North of Vietnam

Kiaoshiung International terminalexperience for Vietnam

Antwerp Seaport: a good experience for

Vietnam

2. Vessel:
2.1 Definition
Maritime Code of Vietnam 2005 Article 11:

Seagoing vessels are vessels or other moving floating

structures exclusively used for navigation on the sea
IMO (Int Maritime Organization)
Vessel is an any object that:
- Floating
- Fixed structure
- Self-equipped

2.1. Specifications of vessel

Name of Ship: Titanic, Hoa sen, Cn Gi, SG1029
Shipowner: carrier
- Actual Shipowner
- Norminal Shipowner
Flag of Ship: nationality of the ship
- Flag of
- Flag of convenience

 Dimensions of ship
m, ft (1foot = 0,3048m)
- Lenght over All: LOA
- Lenght Betwin Perpendicular
Beam: m, ft
Draft: m, ft: distance between the bottom of the
ship to the level of water on the ship side
(water line)
TF- Tropical Fresh Water Load Line
- Light draught
F:
Fresh Water Load Line
- Loaded draught
T:
Tropical Load Line
- Plimsoll mark
S:
Summer Load Line

W:

Winter Load Line

WNA: Winter North Atlantic Load Line

 Displacement: LT

M (C.ft)
D = --------------35
- Light Displacement:
+ Hull, engine and equipment, facilities
+ Crew members
- Heavy Displacement:
+ LD
+ Foods and fuel
+ Cargo

 Carring Capacity:(Long Ton).

+ Deadweight Capacity DWC: maximum carrying
capacity of a ship (DWT).
DWC = HD LD
+ Deadweight Cargo Capacity DWCC: deadweight
cargo of a ship
Register Tonnage: m3, C.ft, RT
(1 RT = 100 C.ft = 2,83 m3)
+ Gross Register Tonnage GRT
+ Net Register Tonnage NRT

 Dung tch cha hng ca tu (Cargo Space CS): C.ft, m3.

+ Bale Space, Bale Capacity BS
BS = (length x width x height) hold
+ Grain Space, Grain Capacity: 105-110% BS
H s xp hng ca tu (Coefficient of Loading - CL):
CS (m3/Cf)
CL = ------------------------DWCC (long ton)
Trong : CS is cargo space of a ship, m3/Cf
DWCC is deadweight cargo capacity of a ship, DWT
+ CL for grain
+ CL for bale

 Stowage Factor SF: relationship between the volume and

displacement of cargo
C cargo(C.ft)
SF = ----------------------------S cargo (long ton)

+ SF < 40 C.ft - (Deadweight Cargo).

+ SF> 40 C.ft - (Measurement Cargo):
+ SF > 70 C.ft bulk cargo
+ SF < CL: not take advantage of register tonnage
+ SF > CL: not take advantage of carrying capacity

 Class of Ship:
+ Lloyds Register

of Shipping, London

+ American Bureau of Shipping, New York

+ Bureau Viritas, Paris
+ Norske Veritas, Oslo
+ Germanischer Lloyd, Berlin
+ Korean Register of Shipping...

2.2 Vessel Types

Shipping markets

Shipping markets
Cruise

Crude oil / products

Dry Cargo

Chemical

Car carriers

Pitch.ppt

Eirik Eide 22.11.2001

Chemical & Oil Carrier Hilda Knutsen, 15,000 dwt.

Livestock
Container
Heavy lift
LNG/LPG

Offshore markets
Rig

Seismic

Supply

Subsea

Tanker for oil *

ULCC
VLCC
Suezmax
Aframax
Panamax
Product
(LR1/LR2/MR)

Bulk Carrier
UltraLrgOreCa
rrier
Cape Size
Panamax
Handymax
Handysize

Tanker for chemicals

Container Vessel
Post Panamax
Panamax
Sub Panamax
Handy
Feedermax
Feeder

Luiqid Natural Gas (LNG)

Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Fully refrigerated
Semi refridgerated

Rig / Subsea
Fixed platform
Jackup rig
Semi-submersible
Drill ship
Tension leg
platform

Offshore Vessel
Seismic
Drilling
Supply
Anchor Handling Supp
Vsl
Production / FPSO

Reefer vessel
Refridgerated
cargo

RoRo / PCTC / PCC

Roll on / Roll off
Pure Car Truck Carrier
Pure Car Carrier

Cruise / Passenger vessel

Tank
ULCC
VLCC
Suezmax
Aframax
Panamax
Product tankers
Bulk
Capesize
Panamax
Handymax
Handysize
LPG
Fully Refridgerated
Semi Refridgerated
Chemicals
Deep Sea
Short Sea
Container
Post Panamax
Panamax
Sub Panamax
Handy
Feedermax
Feeder

Dwt
Above 320.000 dwt
200-320.000 dwt
120-200.000 dwt
80-120.000 dwt
60-80.000 dwt
10-60.000 dwt

Cargo
Crude
Crude
Crude
Crude/products
Crude/products
Products

Above 80.000 dwt

60-80.000 dwt
40-60.000 dwt
10-60.000 dwt

Coal, ore
Coal, ore, grain
Grain, bauxitt, general goods
General goods

approx. 27-78.000 Cbm

Less than above

Prophane, butan, ISO

Ehtylene ++

10-40.000 dwt
below 10.000 dwt

All chemicals
All chemicals

Above 4.000 TEU

3.000-3.999 TEU
2.000-2.999 TEU
1.000-1.999 TEU
500-999 TEU
100-499 TEU

All
All
All
All
All
All

types
types
types
types
types
types

Tankers The refining

process

Afra/Pana/Product/
Chemical/LPG
(coated tanks/stainless steel)

ULCC/VLCC/Suez
(uncoated tanks)

Chemical Tanker Market

PCTC / PCC / RoRo

PCTC Deep-sea vessels

Capacity 3500 - 6200 cars

The ship Markets

Gas (LNG & LPG)

Chemical
Car
Reefer
Container
Liner Services
Parcel Services
Tugs and Offshore Supply
Cruise
Fishing

LNG = Liquified Natural Gas

- 162 degrees celcius
Few players
Gas Majors, Bergesen, Exmar, Golar LNG, Qatar, Japanese
Newbuilding abt USD 200/250 million per ship
Present fleet about 240 ships
Abt 35 ships delivered in 2007, a further 100 before end 2009
Strong demand from USA and Japan
Long term contracts
Export projects in Qatar, Nigeria and Australia
Import terminals in USA, UK, Italy and Mexico

LPG = Liquified Petroleum

Gas
VLGC > 60.000 cbm

LGC - 40/60.000 cbm

MGC 20/40.000 cbm
Handy 12.000 cbm (NH3, VCM, PPL, Butane, Propane, Ethylen (-104)
Present fleet about 1,050 ships
58 ships on order
More players
10-55.000 cbm (Skaugen, Unigas, Greeks,)
60-80.000 cbm (Bergesen, Exmar, AP Mller, Japanese
Main trades AG/East (Japan-China) and AG/West
1-2 years contracts, renewals
T/C market 2-3 years, used to be 5-10 years

Chemical
The Chemical Tanker Market
Odfjell (23%), Stolt (22%), Jo Tankers (9%), Others
(46%)
2,690 vessels/1,000-60.000 dwt/10-52 tanks/545
diff products
Chemical Logistics
Established routes/services
Offering multi modular transportation arrangements
Aquiring assets (terminal) and systems
Commodities
Chemicals/Lubricants/Vegoil/CPP

Car

Total of about 622 pure car carriers (PCC) world wide

221 new vessels on order
Average fleet age 15 years
Average vehicle capacity is 4,222 cars (largest over 8000 cars)
No asset play
Firm market over the last years
Strong performance of Japanese and Korean auto manufactures
Up to 9 million cars being moved overseas per year
Contracts of 1-2 years (50-100.000 cars/year)
7-8 major players (HUAL and EUKOR Car Carriers) + Japanese
RORO ships moving into the car market upto 3000 cars

Reefer

1235 reefer ships world wide (small & big)

Limited newbuilding average age 24 years
Max age often 25 years, vessels being scrapped soon balance?
Few operators (Cool Lauritzen, Sea Trade, Star Reefers)
Few charterers (Chiquita, Dole, Del Monte, Noba)
Southern Hemisphere to US and Continent
Poor market last years - Strong competition from reefer
containers
Seasonal trade an advantage for dedicated reefers over
containerships

Container Ships/Cargoes

TEU/FEU = 20/40 Equivalent Units (8ft x 8ft or 8,5ft x 20 or

40ft)
ISO = Internal Standardisation Organisation
Carrying Capacity
Feeder
- 100 - 400 TEU
1st generation
- 400 - 1000 TEU
2nd generation
- 1000 - 1600 TEU
3rd generation
- 1600 - 3500 TEU
4th generation
- 3500 - 6000 TEU
5th generation
->6000 teu ships up to 110.000 dwt
Post-panamax > 8000 TEU
Type of Containers
General cargo
Tank (liquid, often dangerous cargoes)
Reefer (cooled or frozen cargoes)
4,208 fully cellular ships, 60% of excisting capacity is on order

Parcel Services

Established routes/services
Commitment to serve an industry
Specialized tonnage holds/open hatch/cranes
Long term freight contracts 1-3 years
Owned or long term agreements with
terminals
Have port captains and technical staff attending in
port in order to secure effective handling
Integrated transportation systems
From mill to receiver

Liner Services/General
Cargo Ships
General Cargo Ships (upto 30.000 dwt)
Established routes (Lines) calling same ports
Have their own agents in the different
ports/countries booking up cargoes
Main marketing/sales office at the headquarter
Moving general, bagged, palletized, bulk cargoes
RO-RO Vessels
Cars and lorries
Trains
Containers

The Liquid Markets

CRUDE OIL TANKERS (Jan 2004)
ULCC

Ultra Large Crude Carrier

320.000+

VLCC

Very Large Crude Carrier

200/320.000 508

Suezmax
361

Max loaded through Suez

AframaxAverage Freight Rate Assessment

80/120.000

12

120/200.000

738

The Dry Markets

DRY BULK CARRIERS (Sept 2007)

Handysize
10/40.000
Handymax
40/60.000 1558
Panamax
60/80.000
Large Bulk Carriers
80/120.000
Capesize
120/200.000
Very Large Bulk Carriers
200.000+

2796
1307
158
646
92

Iron Ore Seaborne Trade 789

mill tons
THE LARGEST IRON ORE EXPORTERS
Australia/New Z
S. America (Atlantic coast)
India
Africa
Sweden
THE LARGEST IRON ORE IMPORTERS (mill mt)
China
385
Japan
140
Europe
127
USA
5

Coal Seaborne Trade 761 mill mt

THE LARGEST COAL EXPORTERS
Australia/New Z
China
Indonesia
South Africa
THE LARGEST COAL IMPORTERS (Mill Tons)
Japan
139
Korea + Taiwan
100
Europe
191
USA
30

Grain Seaborne Trade 220

mill tons
THE LARGETS GRAIN EXPORTERS (Mill tons)
USA
89
Argentina
24
Australia
24
Canada
19
THE LARGEST GRAIN IMPORTERS
Other Far East
Americas
Africa
Japan

Minor Bulk Seaborne Trade

(2007)
Bauxite/Alumina 82 Mill mt
Phosphates 84
Cement 142
Sugar 46
Soyabeans 71
Steel products 270
Forest products 175

THANK YOU FOR TODAY

III. CHARTERING
1. Liner Charter:
1.1.Khi nim v thu tu ch:
- Tu ch (Liner) l tu ch hng chy thng xuyn trn mt
tuyn ng nht nh, gh vo cc cng quy nh theo mt lch
trnh nh trc.
- Thu tu ch (Booking Shipping Space) l vic ch hng lin h
vi ch tu hoc i l ca ch tu yu cu dnh ch trn tu
chuyn ch hng ha t cng ny n cng khc.

1.2. c im
+ L nhng tu ch hng bch ho, tc tng i nhanh, 1820 hi l/gi.
+ C trang thit b xp d ring
+ Chy gia cc cng theo mt lch trnh cng b trc.
+ Quan h ca ch tu v ch hng c iu chnh bi Vn
n ng bin (Bill of Lading)
+ iu kin, iu khon chuyn ch c in sn trn vn n
+ Cc ph tu ch thng bao gm c chi ph xp d, c
tnh theo biu cc (Tarif) ca hng tu.
+ Ch tu l ngi chuyn ch, chu trch nhim v hng ha
trong sut qu trnh vn chuyn.
+ Cng hi tu ch (Liner Conference) - Cng hi cc ph
(Freight Conference)

 Uu im:
- S lng hng gi khng hn ch.
- Th tc Gi - Nhn hng n gin
- Biu cc n nh
- Ch ng
Nhc im:
- Cc cao, lun c phn trm cc khng, t l trt gi, giao
ng t gi ca ng tin tnh cc
- Ch hng khng c tha thun cc iu kin chuyn ch
- Thi gian vn chuyn lu

1.3.Trnh t cc bc tin hnh thu tu ch:

(1) ch hng t tm tu hoc thng qua ngi mi gii tm tu
vn chuyn hng ha.
(2) ngi mi gii tm c tu, gi giy lu cc tu ch
(Liner booking note).
(3) ngi mi gii vi ch tu tha thun mt s iu khon
ch yu trong xp d v vn chuyn.
(4) ngi mi gii thng bo cho ch hng kt qu lu cc
(5) ch hng n lch tu vn chuyn hng ha ra cng giao
ln tu.
(6) ch tu hay i din ca ch tu cp cho ch hng vn n
theo yu cu ca ch hng.

BROKER

2
1

3
4
5

SHIPPER

CARRIER
6

2. Thu tu chuyn (Voyage Chartering)

2.1. Khi nim
- Tu chuyn l tu chuyn ch hng ha gia hai hay nhiu
cng theo yu cu ca ch hng trn c s hp ng thu tu.
- Thu tu chuyn l vic ch hng lin h vi ch tu hoc i
din ca ch tu yu cu thu li ton b con tu chuyn
ch hng ha theo yu cu ca mnh.

2.2. c im
+ Chy theo yu cu ca ch hng.
+ Thng vn chuyn y tu 1 hoc vi loi hng c khi lng
ln, tnh cht hng tng i thun nht
+ Tu thng khng c trang thit b xp d ring
+ Quan h ca ch hng v ch tu c iu chnh bi Hp ng
thu tu chuyn (Voyage Charter C/P)
+ Quan h gia ngi chuyn ch v ngi cm vn n c iu
chnh bi Vn n ng bin (B/L)
+ Ngi thu tu c th tha thun, mc c v cc iu kin chuyn
ch v gi cc trong hp ng thu tu.
+ Gi cc c th bao gm chi ph xp d hoc khng do tha
thun ca hai bn.
n v tnh cc c th l: MT, Cft, GRT
+ Ngi chuyn ch c th l ch tu hoc ngi thu tu.

 u im
+ Ch hng c th ch ng trong vic la chn thi gian v cng
xp hng.
+ Gi cc thu tu thp hn so vi cc tu ch
+ C th tha thun mi iu khon trong hp ng
+ Tc chuyn ch hng ha nhanh
Nhc im:
+ Khng kinh t khi ch lng hng nh.
+ K thut v nghip v thu tu phc tp,
+ Gi cc bin ng

2.3. Cc hnh thu tu chuyn

+ Thu chuyn mt (Single Trip) ch hng thu tu ch hng t
mt cng n cng khc. Hp ng chm dt khi vic d hng
ti cng n hon thnh.
+ Thu chuyn kh hi (Round Trip) thu tu ch hng n mt
cng ri ch hng khc t cng v cng khi hnh.
+ Thu chuyn lin tc (Consecutive Voyage) thu tu ch hng
t mt cng ny n cng khc nhiu chuyn lin tip nhau.
+ Thu chuyn kh hi lin tc tc l ch hng thu tu chuyn
ch hng lin tc c hai chiu.
+ Thu khon ch hng cn c vo nhu cu chuyn ch ca
hng ha khon cho tu vn chuyn trong thi gian nht
nh.
+ Thu chuyn nh hn

2.4. Trnh t
(1) Ngi thu tu thng qua mi gii yu cu thu tu vn
chuyn hng ha
(2) Ngi mi gii cho tu: trn c s thng tin v hng ha,
ngi mi gii tm tu v gii thiu cho ch hng tu ph hp.
(3) Ngi mi gii m phn vi ch tu v cc iu khon ca
hp ng thu tu nh iu kin chuyn ch, chi ph xp d,
chi ph, v tr tu, thi gian n cng...
(4) Ngi mi gii lin h vi ch hng ch hng chun b cho
vic k kt hp ng thu tu.
(5) Kk kt hp ng.
(6) Ngi thu tu a hng ra cng xp ln tu.
(7) Ch tu hoc i l ca tu cp vn n. Vn n ny c
gi l vn n theo hp ng thu tu.

BROKER

SHIPPER

CARRIER

2.5. Hp ng thu tu chuyn (Charter party C/P)

2.5.1. Khi nim
Charter Party - Carta Partia - vn bn chia i
C/P- l hp ng chuyn ch hng ha bng ng bin trong
ch tu hoc ngi chuyn ch cam kt chuyn ch hng ha t
mt hay nhiu cng v giao cho ngi nhn ti mt hay nhiu
cng khc, ngi thu tu cam kt tr cc ph theo mc tha
thun ca hp ng
Hp ng thu tu mu (Standard Form of Charter Party).
+ Nhm tng hp: nhng mu hp ng dng thu tu ch hng
bch ha v nhng mt hng khng c mu ring.
GENCON do Cng hi Hng hi quc t v Bantic (BIMCO)
pht hnh nm 1922 v c sa i 1976, 1994.
+ Nhm chuyn dng: l nhng hp ng mu dng cho mt mt
hng nht nh (ch du, ch than, qung, ng cc, xi mng,
ng....) hay trn mt tuyn ng nht nh.
RUSSWOOD, CUBASUGAR, SELLVOY.

2.5.2. Ni dung hp ng thu tu chuyn

iu khon v ch th ca hp ng:
- Ngi cho thu tu:
+ Actual shipowner
+ Norminal Shipowner
- Ngi thu tu:
+ Ngi xut khu: CIF, CFR, DES, DEQ
+Ngi nhp khu: FOB, FAS
- Ngi mi gii
iu khon v tu:
- Tn tu, C tu, Quc tch, Cng ng k, Cp hng
- Tui tu

- c im kinh t-k thut ca tu nh:

+ Mn nc: Ti thiu, ti a
+ Trng ti: DWC, DWCC
+ Dung tch ng k ton phn, tnh
+ Dung tch cha hng: BS, GS
+ Chiu di, chiu rng
+ H s xp hng ca tu
+ ng c, tc ti a
+ H hiu
- Trang thit b xp d c trn tu
- V tr ca tu, s lng thuyn vin
- Bo him trch nhim ca ch tu
- iu khon cho php thay th bng mt con tu khc

 iu khon v thi gian tu n cng xp hng:

Thi gin tu n cng xp hng: thi gian tu phi c mt cng
v sn sng xp, d hng ha.
+ Quy nh l mt ngy c th
+ Quy nh mt khong thi gian
+ Estimated time of arrival ETA
+ Tu vo mun hn thi hn quy nh:
Cancelling day
+ Tu vo sm hn thi hn quy nh.
+ Tu vo ng thi gian quy nh:

+ Tu c coi n cng v sn sng xp d hng khi p

ng 3 iu kin:
- Tu cp cu cng quy nh (Berth charter) hoc neo
u ti khu vc thng xp d hng ha hoc khu vc tu
thng ch cp cu (Port charter)
- Tu sn sng xp d v mi mt: hon tt cc th tc
hi quan, kim tra v sinh, dch t, hm cha hng sch s
v sn sng xp hng.
- Thng bo sn sng xp d (Notice of readiness NOR)
c trao cho ngi thu tu hoc ngi nhn hng mt
cch thch hp.

 iu khon v cng xp hng, cng d hng: quy nh v cng

xp v d hng.
- Trng hp mt cng xp v mt cng d
- Trng hp nhiu cng xp v nhiu cng d.
- Quy nh vng
+ Cu, cng xp d phi bo m an ton
- V mt k thut: c su thch hp tu c th ra vo, neo
u an ton v lun ni (Always Afloat) hoc chm y
nhng vn an ton (Safely Aground).
- V mt chnh tr: tc l cng khng nm trong khu vc c
chin tranh chin s v nu c th ch tu khng chu trch
nhim v nhng thit hi do chin tranh, chin s gy ra.

 iu khon v hng ha:

+ Chi tit v hng ha: tn hng, loi bao b, k m hiu, cc c
im ca hng ha, tnh cht nguy him (nu c).
+ Nu ch 2 loi hng: v/hoc
+ S lng hng ha: quy nh theo trng lng hoc theo th tch
c t l x dch
ti thiu 9000 MT, i a 10.000 MT
khong 10.000 MT,
10.000 MT 5% do thuyn trng la chn
+ Thu bao tu (Lumpsum): Cc ph c tnh theo trng ti hoc
dung tch ng k ca tu. Trong hp ng khng nht thit phi
ghi tn hng c th, nhng ch tu phi cam oan cung cp
trng ti hoc dung tch ng k.

 iu khon v cc ph v thanh ton cc ph:

Cc ph l s tin ngi thu tu phi tr cho vic vn chuyn
hng ha hoc ngi dch v lin quan ti vic vn chuyn.
+ ng tin tnh cc
+ n v tnh cc (Freight Unit): MT, LT, m3, Cft, RT, Galon,
Bushel
+ Mc gi cc (freight Rate): s tin tnh trn mi n v tnh
cc
+ Cc gm chi ph xp d, sp t, co san hay khng.
+ Trng lng, khi lng tnh cc:
- Trng lng lc nhn hng (Intaken Quanlity)- trng lng
ghi trn vn n
- Trng lng giao hng (Delivered Quanlity) ti cng n.

Thanh ton tin cc:

o Tr trc: tr ti cng xp hng
- Cc tr s khng c hon li cho d tu v/hoc hng b
mt hay khng mt.
- Trn vn n c ghi: freight prepaid
- Thi im: ang xp hng, sau khi xp hng xong hoc sau khi
xp xong mt s ngy, sau khi nhn c vn n.
o Tr sau: tr ti cng n:
Thi im: khi bt u d hng, khi ang d hng, sau khi d
hng xong hoc sau khi giao hng xong thc s.
o Tr trc mt phn v tr sau mt phn.

 Quy nh v chi ph xp, d:

+ Liner Terms
+ Free in and out FIO
+ Free in FI
+ Free out FO
+ Chi ph san hng ri (Trimming) hoc sp t hng bao kin
(Stowage).
20USD/MT FIOS
+ Cc iu kin c s giao hng bng ng bin.
FOB FI, FIO

 Quy nh v thi gian lm hng: L thi gian hai bn tha thun

dnh cho vic xp d hng ha
+ Ngy: Cho xp, d ring hoc cho c xp+d
- Running day
- Working day
- Working day of 24 hours
- Working day of 24 consecutive hours
- Weather Working day (WWD)
WWDSH Inc. (Sunday, Holiday included)
WWDSHEX (Sunday, Holiday Excluded)
WWDSHEXUU (S, H Excluded Unless Used)
WWDSHEXEU (S,H Excluded Even if Used)

Quy nh theo nh mc:

- Mc xp d 1 ngy:
2000MT/Tu/Ngy
- S mng lm vic mt ngy

+ Quy nh theo tp qun ca cng

Mc tnh thi gian lm hng: NOR c trao v chp nhn
- Sau 12h hoc 24 h k t khi NOR c trao v chp nhn
- GENCON quy nh:
NOR trao trc 12h ngy lm vic: tnh t 13h
NOR trao gi lm vic bui chiu: tnh t 6 h sng ngy hm
sau hoc lm vic u tin sau ngy NOR c trao v
chp nhn.

+ Whether in Port or Not WIPON

+ Whether in Berth or Not WIBON
+ Whether in Free Practique or Not WIFON
+ Whether in Customs Cleared or Not WICCON
+ Time lost in waiting for berth to count as Laytime).
iu khon v thng, pht xp d:
+ Pht xp d (demurrage)
- Mc pht quy nh bng mt s tin cho mt ngy b pht ty thuc
vo tu to hay nh.
- b pht th lun b pht (Once on Demurrage, Always on

Demurrage)
+ Thng xp d (despatch):
- Thng thng tin thng bng 1/2 tin pht.
- Cho ton b thi gian tit kim c (For All Time Saved)
- Cho thi gian lm vic tit kim c (For Working Time Saved)

+ Tho thun thi im thanh ton tin thng, pht

+ Tnh thng pht xp d:
(1) Nghin cu C/P xem thi gian xp, d, hay mc xp, d
c quy nh l bao nhiu, mc tnh thi gian lm hng, thi
gian no c tnh, thi gian no khng tnh vo thi gian
lm hng.
(2) Cn c vo bn Statement of Facts tnh thi gian xp d
thc t.
(3) Tnh xem bao nhiu ngy b pht hay bao nhiu ngy c
thng.
(4) Nhn s ngy vi mc thng hay mc pht quy nh bit
b pht/thng bao nhiu tin.

 Lut l v trng ti
+ L ngun lut quc gia do cc bn tho thun
+ GENCON quy nh 3 trng hp:
- Theo Lut Anh ti Trng ti Hng hi London
- Theo Lut M ti Trng ti New York
- Lut v trng ti do 2 bn tho thun. Nu cc bn khng
tho thun th theo phng n 1
Cc iu khon khc:
+ iu khon v nh cng
+ iu khon v bt kh khng
+ Quy nh v trch nhim i l, mi gii
+ iu khon v tn tht chung
+ Trch nhim ca ch hng
+ iu khon hai tu m va cng c li

 iu khon v tn tht chung:

+ Tn tht chung do hnh ng c , t nguyn v hp l ca
thuyn trng v thy th gy ra
+ Hnh ng tn tht chung phi xy ra trn bin
+ Nguy c e do hnh trnh phi nghim rng v thc t
+ Tn tht phi v an ton chung
+ Tn tht chung c hai phn:
- Hy sinh tn tht chung
- Chi ph tn tht chung

 iu khon hai tu m va cng c li:

+ Quy nh trng hp p dng iu khon ny
+ Khi xy ra ri ro m va, bn no thanh ton chi ph lin quan
+ Chi ph lin quan c thanh ton ti u, khi no, bng ng
tin no?
+ Khi mt tu chuyn ch m v vo mt tu bin khc do s
sut ca tu khc v do bt k hnh vi, s sut hoc li lm ca
thuyn trng, thu th, hoa tiu hay ngi lm cng ca ngi
chuyn ch trong vic iu khin v qun tr tu th ch ca
hng ho chuyn ch trn tu s bi thng cho ngi chuyn
ch tt c nhng mt mt, trch nhim i vi tu khc, hoc
tu khng chuyn ch hoc ch ca n, vi iu kin nhng
mt mt hoc trch nhim l nhng mt mt hoc thit hi
hay bt k khiu ni no ca ch hng c tu khng
chuyn ch hoc ch tu ca n bi thng cho ch hng, sau
i li, khiu ni tu chuyn ch hoc ngi chuyn ch

3. Phng thc thu tu nh hn (Time Chartering)

3.1. Khi nim v c im:
Thu tu nh hn ch tu cho ngi thu ton b con tu c th
gm c thuyn b hoc khng kinh doanh chuyn ch hng ha
trong mt khong thi gian nht nh.
c im
+ Ngi thu tu c quyn qun l v s dng tu trong thi gian
thu tu Norminal Shipowmer.
+ Ngi thu tu s ng vai tr l ngi chuyn ch trong hot ng
kinh doanh vn ti ca mnh
+ Vn bn iu chnh mi quan h gia hai bn l hp ng thu tu
nh hn (Time Charter)- Hp ng thu ti sn
+ Ngi thu tu phi tr tin thu tu (Hire) cho ch tu ch khng
phi tin cc (freight).
+ Ch tu khng phi l ngi chuyn ch. Ngi chuyn ch s l
ngi thu tu.
+ p dng khi ch hng c ngun hng n nh, lu di v khi gi cc
vn chuyn trn th trng c xu hng tng nhanh.

3.3. Cc hnh thc thu tu nh hn

+ Thu ton b: thu ton b tu cng thuyn b gm thuyn trng,
s quan, thy th.
- Thu theo thi gian (Period Time Charter) thu tu trong mt
thi gian m khng quan tm n s chuyn tu s thc hin.
- Thu nh hn chuyn (Trip Time Charter) thu nh hn
nhng ch mt chuyn. V d, c th k hp ng thu tu
trong vng hai thng v tu ch chy 1 chuyn.

+ Thu tu nh hn trn (Bare Boat Charter) thu tu khng,

khng c thuyn b.
3.4. Hp ng thu tu nh hn.
+ Hp ng mu TIME CHARTER 1902-TIMON do Phng Hng
Hi Anh son tho v ban hnh nm 1902
+ UNIFORM TIME CHARTER BALTIME do Cng hi Hng
hi Quc t v Baltic (BIMCO) son tho v ban hnh nm 1909.
+ OIL TANKER do Anh son tho ban hnh s dng trong
nghip v thu tu nh hn chuyn ch du m.

 iu khon hp ng:
Ch th ca hp ng

+ Ngi cho thu tu: thng l ch tu

+ Ngi thu tu: c th l ch hng, c th l ngi thu tu
kinh doanh khai thc con tu thu tin cc vn chuyn
iu khon v tu:

+Tn tu, nm ng, cp hng, ng k

+ c trng kinh t k thut ca tu
+ Tnh trng k thut ca tu khi giao v tr tu
+ a im tu ang neo u, a im giao - tr tu
iu khon v thi gian thu
iu khon v tin thu:

+ n v tnh: GRT, hoc DWT/ngy hoc thng 30 ngy

+ ng tin, phng thc, a im v thi im thanh ton

 iu khon v phn chia chi ph khai thc tu: quy nh nhng chi
ph no do ch tu chu, nhng chi ph no do ngi thu tu chu.
+ Ch tu chu nhng chi ph sau:
- Lng v cc khon ph cp ca s quan, thy th lm vic
trn tu (tr trng hp tu c thu trn)
- Cung cp lng thc, thc phm
- Duy tu, bo dng v sa cha nh k tu trong thi gian
cho thu
- Cung ng ph tng, vt t, thit b cho tu
- Khu hao tu, chi ph kim tra tu
- Bo him tu trong thi gian cho thu
- Chi ph vn phng, hoa hng mi gii.
+ Ngi thu chu nhng chi ph sau:
- Du, xng nhin liu chy tu chy
- Cng ph, chi ph xp d
- Chi ph qut dn hm tu, vt liu chn lt.....

IV. VN N NG BIN (B/L)

1. Khi nim v chc nng ca B/L
Bill of Lading, Ocean Bill of Lading, Master Bill of Lading chng t chuyn ch hng ha ng bin do ngi chuyn
ch hoc i din ca h cp cho ngi gi hng sau khi hng
c xp ln tu hoc sau khi nhn hng xp.
+ Ngi cp vn n:
- Carrier: ship owner, charterer
- Shipmaster
- Agent for Carrier
+ Thi im cp pht vn n:
- Sau khi hng c xp ln tu (Shipped on Board)
- Sau khi hng c nhn xp ln tu (Received for
Shipment)
+ Ngi c cp vn n: ngi xut khu hoc ngi c ngi
xut khu y thc.

 C 3 chc nng:
+ Bin lai nhn hng ch
+ Bng chng ca hp ng vn ti
+ Chng t s hu

 S dng vo mc ch:
+ Lp chng t thanh ton.
+ Lm bng chng cho vic ngi chuyn ch hon
thnh trch nhim cam kt.
+ L chng t nhn hng.
+ L chng t kim sot s lng, tnh trng hng ha
m ngi bn gi cho ngi mua, trn c s
theo di vic thc hin hp ng.
+ L mt chng t lu thng c nn c th dng
mua bn, chuyn nhng hoc th chp cho ngn hng.
+ L chng t lm cc th tc xut nhp khu, khai
bo hi quan....
+ L c s cho vic khiu ni, kin tng, tnh ton mc
bi thng i vi nhng bn lin quan.

2. Phn loi vn n

Cn c vo vic xp hng hay cha:

+ Vn n xp: On Board Shipped, Shipped on Board
+ Nhn xp: Received for Shipment

Cn c vo kh nng lu thng:
+ Vn n v danh
+ Vn n ch danh
+ Vn n theo lnh:
-

Nhn hng

K hu: b trng, ch danh, theo lnh, min truy i

Ngi khng ch hng: Ngn hng, ngi bn, ngi mua

To order: Lut hng hi VN 2005: Theo lnh ngi gi

hng (iu 86)

 Cn c vo nhn xt, ghi ch trn vn n:

+ Vn n hon ho hay vn n sch (Clean B/L):

+ Vn n khng hon ho (Unclean B/L)
+ Lu :
- Hng giao vn chuyn bng phng php thng thng:
vn n sch xc nhn tnh trng hng khi giao ln tu.
- Hng nguyn container: vn n sch xc nhn tnh trng
container khi giao ln tu
Cn c vo gi tr s dng:

+ Vn n gc: Original
+ Vn n copy: Copy non negotiable
Cn c vo vic gom hng:

+ Vn n gom hng: House B/L

+ Vn n ch: Master B/L

 Cn c vo hnh trnh chuyn ch:

+ Vn n i thng (Direct B/L)
+ Vn n i sut (Throught B/L):
+ Vn n vn ti a phng thc (Multimodal Transport B/L)
hay vn n vn ti lin hp (Combined Transport B/L)
- Ghi r ni nhn hng v ni giao hng,
- Ghi r vic c php chuyn ti, cc phng thc vn ti
tham gia, ni chuyn ti,
- Ngi cp B/L phi l ngi chuyn ch hoc MTO
(Multimodal Transport Operator),
- Ngi cp vn n chu trch nhim v hng ha t ni
nhn ch n ni giao hng

 Mt s vn n khc:
+ Vn n theo hp ng thu tu (Charter Party B/L): Vn n
ny c th c k hu v c Ngn hng chp thun thanh
ton nu L/C cho php.
+ Vn n xut trnh ti cng gi (B/L Surrendered
+ Giy gi hng ng bin (Sea Waybill):
+ Vn n c th thay i c (Switch B/L)
+ Vn n bn th 3: Third party B/L
+ FBL

3. Ni dung ca vn n ng bin:

Mt trc:
+ Ngi

pht hnh vn n

+ S vn n (number of B/L)
+ Ngi gi hng (shipper)
+ Ngi nhn hng (Consignee)
+ a ch thng bo (Notify Address)
+ Thng tin v tu: tn, quc tch, s hiu chuyn i
+ Cng xp hng (port of loading)
+ Cng d hng (port of dischaged)
+ Cng chuyn ti (via or transhipment port)
+ Ni giao hng (place of delivery)

+ Thng tin v hng ho:

- Tn hng (name of goods)
- K m hiu (marks and number)
- Cch ng gi v m t hng ha (kind of packages and
discription of goods)
- S kin (number of packages)
- Trng lng ton b hay th tch (total weight or mesurement)
+ Cc ph v chi ph (freight and charges)
+ S bn vn n gc (numbers of original bill of lading)
+ Thi gian v a im cp vn n (date and place of issue)
+ Ch k ca ngi k pht vn n:
- Sign by Mr.. as Captain of Ship..
- Sign by Mr. as Carrier
- Sign by Mr. . as Agent for
+ Cc do ngi nhn tr, hng ha s hoc c th ch trn boong,
+ Ngy hoc thi gian giao hng ti cng d (nu c), tng thm gii hn
trch nhim (nu c).

 Mt sau vn n:
Mt sau: cc nh ngha, iu khon chung, iu
khon trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch, iu
khon xp d v giao nhn, iu khon cc ph
v ph ph, iu khon gii hn trch nhim v
min trch ca ngi chuyn ch...
iu khon ti cao
iu khon hng ha
New Jason Clause
Both to blame collision
General Average

Quy tc quc t iu chnh vn n ng bin.

+ Cng c quc t thng nht mt s quy tc v vn n
ng bin. K kt ti Brussels ngy 25/08/1924 gi tt l
Cng c Brussels hay Quy tc Hague 1924. C hiu lc t
nm 1931
+ Ngh nh th Visby sa i cng c Hague 1924, c thng
qua ngy 23/02/1968 ti Visby (Thu in). Cng vi Quy tc
Hague to thnh Quy tc Hague-Visby v c hiu lc t
23/06/1977.
+ Cng c ca Lin Hip Quc v chuyn ch bng ng bin,
c k kt ngy 31/03/1978 gi tt l Cng c Hamburg. C
hiu lc t ngy 01/11/1992

 Phm vi p dng:
Hague 1924: p dng cho tt c vn n pht hnh mt nc
tham gia Cng c Brussels 1924 (iu 10).
Quy tc Hague-Visby: 3 trng hp p dng(iu 5):
+ Cho mi vn n pht hnh mt nc tham gia Quy tc ny,
+ p dng cho hng ha c chuyn ch t 1 cng ca nc
tham gia Cng c
+ Vn n quy nh rng Quy tc ny l ngun lut iu chnh.
Quy tc Hamburg: p dng cho tt c cc hp ng chuyn ch
hng ha bng ng bin gia hai nc nu (iu 2):
+ Cng xp hoc d nm nc tham gia Cng c
+ Vn n ng bin c pht hnh nc tham gia Cng
c,
+ Vn n ng bin hoc chng t chng minh cho 1 hp
ng vn ti ng bin quy nh Quy tc ny l ngun lut
iu chnh.

 i tng hng ho iu chnh:

+ Hague, Hague-Visby: p dng cho tt c cc loi hng
ho tr sc vt sng v hng ho ch trn bong.
+ Hamburg:
- Cho tt c hng ho k c sc vt sng
- Cc dng c s dng trong chuyn ch khng phi
do ngi chuyn ch cung cp (nh container,
pallet.)
+ Lut hng hi Vit Nam 2005
- Cho tt c hng ha k c sc vt sng
- Dng c vn chuyn (container, pallet ) khng
phi do ngi chuyn ch cung cp

V. TRCH NHIM CA NGI CHUYN CH

NG BIN I VI HNG HA VN
CHUYN THEO VN N.
1. Khi nim v trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng
bin:
+ Thi hn trch nhim (Period of Responsibility) trch
nhim i vi hng ha v mt khng gian v thi
gian: thi hn trch nhim
+ C s trch nhim (Basic of Liability): Trch nhim
v mt mt, h hng ca hng ha
+ Gii hn trch nhim (Limit of Liability): s tin ti
a phi bi thng cho mt n v hng ha b tn
tht trong trng hp gi tr hng ha khng c k
khai trn vn n

2. Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch theo quy tc hin

hnh:
Thi hn trch nhim:
+ Hague, Hague Visby: t cu ti cu
+ Hamburg: T khi nhn ch cng i n khi giao
hng xong ti cng n: t nhn n giao hng.
Ngi chuyn ch coi nh nhn hng ch:
- K t khi nhn hng t Ngi gi hng hay ngi
thay mt ngi gi hng
- T mt c quan c thm quyn hay mt bn th ba
khc m theo lut l hay quy nh ti cng xp hng,
hng ha phi giao qua nhng ngi ny.

Ngi chuyn ch coi nh giao hng khi:

- giao cho ngi nhn, hoc
- t hng ha di s nh ot ca ngi nhn
ph hp vi hp ng hay lut l hoc tp qun
bun bn ti cng d, trong trng hp ngi nhn
khng nhn hng tc tip t ngi chuyn ch,
hoc
- giao hng cho mt c quan c thm quyn hay
bn th ba m theo lut l hay quy nh ti cng
d, hng ha phi c giao cho nhng ngi ny.

 C s trch nhim:
Hague v Hague-Visby:
+ tn tht
+ mt mt.
3 trch nhim:
1. Cung cp tu c kh nng i bin: Trc v vo lc bt u
hnh trnh
- bn, chc, kn nc, v tu, my tu khng c khuyt tt
- Tu phi c trang b nhng my mc, phng tin cn thit
cho vic i bin;
- Bin ch thy th on
- Tu c cung ng y v du m, nc ngt, lng thc,
thc phm v cc d tr khc
- Hm tu, bung lnh v cc ni cha hng phi sch s, thch
hp cho vic chuyn ch an ton hng ha lin quan.

2. Trch nhim thng mi

3. Cp vn n ng bin.

Min trch
1. Li hng vn (Nautical fault)
2. Chy, tr phi do li thc s hoc c ca ngi
chuyn ch gy ra
3. Tai ha, nguy him, tai nn ca bin
4. Thin tai;
5. Hnh ng chin tranh;
6. Hnh ng th ch;
7. B bt hoc kim ch ca vua cha hay nhn dn
hoc b tch thu ca ta n.
8. Hn ch v kim dch;

9. nh cng, cm xng, ngng tr hoc hn ch v

lao ng;
10. Bo ng v ni lon ca dn chng;
11. Cu hoc c cu sinh mng v ti sn trn bin;
12. Hnh vi hay thiu st ca ngi gi hng hoc i
din, i l ca h;
13. Bao b khng y ;
14. K m hiu khng y .
15. Thiu ht v khi lng, trng lng hoc h hng
do ni t hay bn cht ca hng ha;
16. n t ca tu khng pht hin c cho d cn
mn hp l;
17. Mi nguyn nhn khc khng phi do li thc s
hay c ca ngi chuyn ch, ngi lm cng
hoc i l ca h gy ra.

 Quy tc Hamburg:
Ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim v:

+ Mt mt, h hng hoc chm giao hng tr phi chng minh

c p dng mi bin php cn thit ngn nga s c
v hu qu
+ Chm giao hng:
+ Mt hng: Hng c coi l mt nu khng c giao sau 60
ngy k t ngy ht thi hn giao hng.
+ Mt mt, h hng ca hng ha hoc chm giao hng do chy
gy ra khi ngi khiu ni chng minh c rng:
- chy l do li lm hoc s sut ca ngi chuyn ch,
ngi lm cng hay i l ca h gy ra.
- thit hi do li lm hoc s sut ca ngi chuyn ch,
ngi lm cng v i l ca h trong vic p dng mi
bin php cn thit dp tt m chy, trnh hay gim hu
qu ca chy

 Min trch:
+ Chy nhng nguyn nhn l khch quan
+ Chuyn ch sc vt sng,
+ Do bin php cu ngi v ti sn trn bin.
Nguyn tc Suy on li
Lut Hng hi Vit Nam 2005:
- Quy nh 3 trch nhim v 17 min trch: Ging Hague, Hague
- Visby
- Chu trch nhim i vi tn tht, mt mt, chm giao: Ging
Hamburg
- iu 80: Nu ch hng chng minh c li ca ngi chuyn
ch th ngi chuyn ch khng c hng min trch.
- iu 83: Ngi chuyn ch mun c min trch th phi
chng minh mnh khng c li Nguyn tc suy on li.

 Gii hn trch nhim: L khon tin ti a m ngi

chuyn ch bi thng cho tn tht, mt mt trong trng
hp hng ho khng k khai gi tr trn vn n.
Quy tc Hague:

100 GBP/Kin n v
Nay: 200 GBP/kin hoc mt n v
M: 500USD/kin n v
Hague-Visby:

10.000 Fr vng / kin hay n v hoc

30 Fr vng/kg hng ha c b ty cch tnh no cao hn
(1Fr vng = 65,5 mg vng c nguyn cht 900/1000)

 Ngh nh th SDR (SDR - Special Drawing Right): sa i cng

c Hague va Hague-Visby
666,67 SDR / kin hoc n v hng ha
2 SDR / kg hng ha c b ty cch tnh no cao hn.
+ Hng vn chuyn bng cc cng c vn ti nh: container,
trailer, pallet:
- C k khai s lng kin, bao gi... hng ha trn vn n:
mi kin, bao, gi l mt kin hoc n v tnh gii
hn trch nhim
- Khng k khai: mt container, 1 pallet hoc mt trailer ch
c coi l mt kin hoc n v.
+ Khng quy nh v cng c vn ti (Container, pallet, trailer)
khng phi do ngi chuyn ch cung cp

 Cng c Hamburg:
+ h hng hoc mt mt hng ha:
835 SDR / kin hoc mt n v chuyn ch
2,5 SDR/kg hng ha c b b mt ty cch tnh no cao hn.
+ i vi cc nc khng phi l thnh vin ca IMF hoc lut l cm s dng
ng SDR th n v tin t l MU (Monetary Unit) vi mc tng ng l:
12.500 MU/ kin hoc n v
37,5 MU/kg hng ha c b b mt ty cch tnh no cao hn.
(1 MU = 1 Fr vng = 65,5 mg vng vi nguyn cht 900/1000)
+ i vi chm giao hng: gii hn trch nhim l 2,5 ln tin cc ca s
hng giao chm nhng khng vt qu tng s tin cc theo hp ng.
+ Hng ha vn chuyn bng container, Pallet hoc cng c vn ti khc:
- C k khai:cc kin hoc n v c tnh l n v tnh gii hn
trch nhim.
- Khng k khai: 1 container, 1 pallet ch ch c tnh l mt n v hng
ho.
- Cntainer, pallet, Trailer khng do ngi chuyn ch cung cp c tnh
l mt n v hng ho bi thng khi c tn tht.

 Lut Hng hi Vit Nam 2005:

+ i vi tn tht v mt mt: quy nh ging Hague Visby:
666,67 SDR/ mt n v hng ho
hoc 2 SDR/ 1kg c b tu cch tnh no cao hn.
+ i vi chm giao hng quy nh ging Quy tc Hamburg: 2,5
ln tin cc
+ Hng c coi l chm giao nu khng giao trong thi gian quy
nh
+ Hng c coi l mt nu khng c giao sau 60 ngy k t
ngy hng ng l phi c giao

VI. THNG BO TN THT V KHIU NI

1. Thng bo tn tht (Notice of Loss or Demage)
1.1. nh ngha:
Thng bo tn tht (Notice of Loss or Demage): l thng bo
bng vn bn ca ngi nhn hng gi cho ngi chuyn ch
trong mt thi gian quy nh ni r tnh trng tn tht ca hng
ha bo lu quyn khiu ni vi ngi chuyn ch.
Nu lc giao hng tnh trng hng ha b tn tht r rng v c
i chiu, lp bin bn vi s c mt v k nhn ca hai bn th
khng cn gi thng bo bng vn bn.
+ Tn tht r rt
+ Tn tht khng r rt

1.2. Cch thc v thi hn thng bo tn tht:

+ Tn tht r rt: Lp Bin bn hng v (Cargo Outurn Report
COR) - ghi r tn hng, s vn n, tnh trng tn tht ca hng
ha ... v c Thuyn trng k nhn. Bin bn ny lp trong
thi hn sau:
- Quy tc Hague v Hague-Visby: trc hoc trong lc giao
hng.
- Quy tc Hamburg: trong vng mt ngy lm vic sau ngy
giao hng cho ngi nhn.
- Lut Hng hi Vit Nam: Trc hoc trong lc giao (Nh
Hague, Hague-Visby)
+ Tn tht khng r rt: gi Th d khng (Letter of Reservation) cho
ngi chuyn ch hoc i l ca h trong thi hn sau:
- Quy tc Hague v Hague-Visby: trong vng 3 ngy k t ngy
giao hng.
- Quy tc Hamburg: trong vng 15 ngy lin tc k t ngy giao
hng.
- Lut Hng hi VN 2005: Nh Hague, Hague - Visby

+ Chm giao hng: gi thng bo cho ngi chuyn ch trong

thi hn:
- Quy tc Hague v Hague-Visby khng quy nh trch nhim
ca ngi chuyn ch i vi vic giao chm hng.
- Quy tc Hamburg: trong vng 60 ngy lin tc k t ngy
hng c giao.
- Lut Hng hi Vit Nam: iu 96: Trong vng 60 ngy k t
ngy hng l ra phi c giao i vi chm giao (Trng hp
mt hng: cng trong vng 60 ngy k t ngy hng l ra phi
c giao)

2. Khiu ni vi ngi chuyn ch.

Nhng ngi c thm quyn khiu ni:

+ Ngi s hu hp php vn n:
+ Ngi bo him (Insurer):
H s khiu ni:
1. Vn n ng bin (B/L)
2. Ha n thng mi (Commercial Invoice)
3. Phiu ng gi (Packing List)
4. Bin bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu (Report on Receipt of Cargo ROROC)
5. Bin bn kt ton ln hai (Correction Sheet)
6. Giy chng nhn hng thiu (Certificate of Shortlanded Cargo)
7. Bin bn d hng (Cargo Outturn Report - COR)
8. Th d khng (Letter of Reservation - LOR)
9. Bin bn gim nh (Survey Report)
10. Bin bn, giy t.... chng minh li ca ngi chuyn ch.

 Thi hn khiu ni:

+ Quy tc Hague: 1 nm k t ngy giao hng hoc k t
ngy hng ng l phi giao.
+ Quy tc Hague-Visby: 1 nm. Cc bn c th tha thun
ko di thi hn ny.
+ Quy tc Hamburg: 2 nm k t ngy giao hng hoc ngy
hng ha ng l phi giao. Bn kin c th ngh ko di
thi hn khiu ni.
+ Lut Hng hi Vit Nam (iu 118)
- Hp ng thu tu chuyn: 2 nm
- Hng vn chuyn theo vn n (Tu ch): 1 nm k t
ngy hng c tr hoc l ra phi c tr

 Xt x tranh chp
+ Quy tc Hague, Hague-Visby: Nu vic tranh chp khng gii quyt c
bng thng lng th theo yu cu ca mt trong cc bn th c a ra
trng ti.
Trong vng 6 thng k t ngy c yu cu v trng ti cc bn khng tho
thun c vic t chc trng ti th mt trong cc bn ni trn c th a
tranh chp ra Ta n quc t.
+ Theo Quy tc Hamburg: Cc bn tha thun bng vn bn rng khi c tranh
chp s vic s c gii quyt ti Trng ti hoc To n.
Trng ti hay to n ty vo s la chn ca bn nguyn c th tin hnh
ti mt trong nhng a im sau:
ti nc c ni kinh doanh chnh hay c tr thng xuyn ca bn b

ti nc bn b c tr s kinh doanh, i l hay chi nhnh qua hp

ng c k kt.
ti nc c cng xp hng hay cng d hng theo hp ng.
ti bt k mt a im no c iu khon trng ti hay tha thun
quy nh
+ Lut Hng hi VN: tu la chn ca cc bn c th trng ti hoc to n
ti VN hoc nc ngoi

Cu hi tho lun
Mua hng in t ti c khu kinh t
Thin tn Trung quc, nn s dng iu
kin c s giao hng no ca Incoterms
2010? Phng thc vn ti tng ng?
Vinalines Vit Nam mua 1 tu Aframax
t Nauy, nn mua theo iu kin c s
giao hng no, v phng thc vn ti
tng ng, phng thc thanh ton
tng ng?

 Hng ha chuyn ch l ng tinh

luyn, c ng bao theo tiu chun,
chuyn ch t TP.HCM sang Singapore.
Lc xp hng, tri c ma nh, thuyn
trng vn quyt nh xp hng ln tu
v k B/L sch. Ti cng d hng, bin
bn gim nh nh sau:
100 bao b m, h hng cht lng 50%
Thiu 50 bao
Cu hi: ngi chuyn ch c phi bi
thng trong trng hp trn
Nu c, mc bi thng l bao nhiu ?

Bi tp kim tra (2)

Hy son tho cc iu kin ca
hp ng thu tu (Voyage Charter
Party) chuyn ch mt l hng
10.000 MT go sang Malaysia
Con tu, thi gian tu n cng, cng
xp d, cc ph, chi ph xp d,
thi gian xp d, thng pht xp
d, lut l gii quyt tranh chp