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ASIGNATURA:
ECUACIONES
DIFERENCIALES
SOLUCIONARIO ECUACION DE LA ONDA
CAP 10.6 LIBRO NAGLE
RESOLUCION DE PROBLEMAS:
QUIPE LOPE GUIDO
SANCHEZ YANCAPALLO ALEJANDRA
ARCE HUAHUACHAMBI GONZALO
CUETO SAIGUA PAVEL
YUCRA CHAPALLMA MARIELA
TIPEADO POR:
SANCHEZ YANCAPALLO ALEJANDRA
18/12/2013
2u 2u
0 x 1 t 0
t 2 x 2
u (0, t ) u (1, t ) 0
t 0
u ( x, 0) x(1 x)
0 x 1
u
( x, 0) sen(7 x) 0 x 1
t
SOLUCION:
Por teora tenemos la siguiente ecuacin.
n ct
n ct n x
u( x, t ) An cos
Bn sen
sen
L
L
L
n 1
An 2 x x 2 sen n t dx
1
An 2 x.sen n t dx 2 x 2 .sen n t dx
1
2 x.sen n x dx
1
ux
du dx
dv sen n x dx
v
1
cos n x
n
1
1
1
2 x.sen n x dx x
cos n x
sen
n
2
0
n
n
0
1
1
1
n
2 x.sen n x dx 2
1
sen
n
sen
(0)
2
0
n
n
1
2
n
2 x.sen n x dx 1
0
n
dv sen n x dx
u x2
2 x .sen n x dx
1
du 2 xdx
2 x 2 .sen n x dx
1
1
cos n x
n
1
2
x 2 cos n x 2 x cos n x dx
0
n
dv cos n x dx
ux
du dx
1
sen n x
n
1
2 2
1
x cos n x 2 x
2 x 2 .sen n x dx
sen n x
cos
n
2
0
n
n
n
2
2 (1)n
1
n
1(
1)
0
n
n
n
n
2
2
n
(
1)
1
(1)n1
n
n
Reemplazando en:
An 2 x.sen n x dx 2 x 2 .sen n x dx
An
An
2
2
2
n
n
1 1 (1)n1
(
1)
n
n
n 2
2 1
An
2 1
n
n 1
(1)
n 1
(1)
Evaluamos con n 7
sen(7 x) 7 Bn sen 7 x
TEMA: ECUACION DE LA ONDA CON SERIES DE FURIER |AUTOR:
ING. CIVIL
7 B7 1
1
B7
7
Seguidamente analizamos para n=1, 2, 3,4.
Bn
2
n
sen(7 x) sen n x dx
Bn
2
n
cos(7 x n x) cos(7 x n x) dx
2 sen(7 x n x) sen(7 x n x)
Bn
n
7 n
7 n
0
2
Bn
(0 0)
n
Bn 0
1
Reemplazando en la frmula:
1
4
n
u( x, t )
sen 7 t sen 7 x
(
1)
1
cos
n
t
sen n x
n 3
7
n 1
2u
2u
16 2
0 x
t 0
t 2
x
u (0, t ) u ( , t ) 0
t 0
u ( x,0) sen2 ( x)
0 x
u
( x,0) 1 cos( x) 0 x
t
SOLUCION:
Por teora tenemos la siguiente ecuacin.
L c 4
n ct
n ct
n x
u( x, t ) An cos
Bn sen
sen
L
L
L
n 1
An
An
1 sen(2 x) sen nx dx
An
sen2 ( x)sen nx dx
Evaluemos:
1
sen nx cos nx 0
n
1
(1)n 1
n
Evaluamos para n 2
1
sen(2 x)sen nx dx
2n
2n
0
0
n2
sen(2x)sen nx dx 2
1
1
1
x cos(4 x)
2
2
0
1
2
Reemplazamos en la ecuacin:
An
(1)n 1 0
An n
1
n2
n2
Hallamos el valor de B
1
2n
1
Bn
2n
Bn
(1 cos x) sen nx dx
2n
n
1 n
1 n 0
Bn
1
2n
n
1 n
1 n
(1) n 1 1
n
2n n
1 n 1 n
3
n 1
2
2u
2u
4 2
0 x
t 2
x
u (0, t ) u ( , t ) 0
u ( x, 0) x ( x)
u
( x, 0) 0
t
2
t 0
t 0
0 x
0 x
SOLUCION:
Por teora tenemos la siguiente ecuacin.
L c 2
n ct
n ct
n x
u( x, t ) An cos
Bn sen
sen
L
L
L
n 1
An
An
x 2 ( x) sen nx dx
x 2 sen nx dx
0
x3 sen nx dx
u 2x
du 2dx
u2
du 0dx
dv sen nx
1
v cos(nx)
n
1
dv cos(nx)
n
1
v 2 sen(nx)
n
1
sen(nx)
n2
1
v 3 cos(nx)
n
dv
x2
2x
2
x 2 sen nx dx cos(nx) 2 sen(nx) 3 cos(nx)
n
n
n
0
2
2
2
n
n
x
sen
nx
dx
2
2
2
n
n
x
sen
nx
dx
dv sen nx dx
1
v cos(nx)
n
du 3x 2 dx
u 3x 2
du 6 xdx
u 6x
dv
du 6dx
u6
dv
du 0dx
1
dv cos(nx)dx
n
1
v 2 sen(nx)
n
1
sen(nx)dx
n2
1
cos(nx)
n3
1
cos(nx) dx
n3
1
v 4 sen(nx)
n
x3
3x 2
6x
6
x sen nx dx cos(nx) 2 sen(nx) 3 cos(nx) 4 sen(nx)
n
n
n
n
0
3
6
3
n
n
x
sen
nx
dx
(1) 0 3 (1) 0 0
0
n
n
3
3
6
n
n
x
sen
nx
dx
(1) 3 (1)
0
n
n
Reemplazando en:
An
0 x 2 sen nx dx
x3 sen nx dx
2
2 3
6
An 2 (1)n 3 (1)n (2) (1)n 3 (1)n
n
n
n
n
2
6
An 2 (1)n 3 (1)n (2) 2 (1) n 3 (1) n
n
n
n
2
2
2
4
2
12
An
(1)n 3 (1)n (2)
(1)n 3 (1)n
n
n
n
n
2
An 3 4(1)n1 1
n
Encontramos el otro valor:
1
2n
Bn 0
Bn
0sen nx dx
Reemplazamos en la ecuacin:
n 1 n
0
f ( x)
h
0
x
a
Lx
La
0 xa
axL
g ( x ) 0 g ( L)
f (0) 0 f ( L)
La solucin formal es:
g ( x) 0 Bn
n 1
n a
n x
sen
L
L
Bn 0
La solucin formal de toda la ecuacin toma la siguiente forma:
n at n x
u( x, t ) An cos
sen
L L
n 1
An
2 L
n x
f ( x)sen
dx
L 0
L
An
2 h0
L a
An
2h0 1 a
L L
1 L
n x
n x
n x
(
x
)
sen
dx
sen
dx
xsen
dx
0
a
a
L a
La
La
L
L
L
L Lx
n x
n x
( x)sen
dx h0
sen
dx
0
a La
L
L
ux
du dx
n x
dv sen
dx
L
L
n x
v cos
n
L
xL
n x
n x L
n x
( x)sen
dx cos
sen
n
L
L n
L
2
Reemplazando en la ecuacin:
An
2h0 1 a
L L
1 L
n x
n x
n x
( x)sen
dx
sen
dx
xsen
dx
L a 0
La a
La a
L
L
L
a
L
2
2
2h0 1 xL
L n x
1 xL
n x L
n x
n x L
n x
An
sen
cos
cos
sen
cos
L L a L L a n
L n
L
L a n
L n
An
2h0
n a
sen
2
n aL a
L
2
Al sustituir en:
n at n x
u( x, t ) An cos
sen
L L
n 1
u( x, t )
2h0
1
n a n at n x
sen
cos
sen
2
2
aL a n1 n
L L L
10
Resolver
2u 2u
tx
0 x
t 0
t 2 x 2
u (0, t ) u ( , t ) 0
t 0
u ( x,0) sen( x)
0 x
u
( x,0) 5sen(2 x) 3sen(5 x)
0 x
t
Como es no homognea tenemos que hay una solucin homognea y unas partculas las
cuales son respectivamente
n x
u( x, t ) un (t )sen
L
n 1
n x
h( x, t ) hn (t )sen
L
n 1
2 L
n x
hn (t ) h( x, t )sen
dx
0
L
L
SOLUCION:
hn (t )
hn (t )
ux
txsen nx dx
du dx
dv sen nx dx
1
v cos nx
n
txsen nx dx
2t x
1
hn (t ) cos nx 2 sen nx
n
n
0
hn (t )
2t
n
(1)
n
1 t
hn (s)sen(n(t s))ds
n 0
t
2
un (t ) An cos nt Bn sen nt 2 (1)n s.sen(n(t s))ds
0
n
un (t ) An cos nt Bn sen nt
us
du ds
dv sen(n(t s))ds
cos(n(t s))
v
n
11
2
cos(n(t s)) 1
0
2
sen(nt )
(1)n t 0
3
n
n
2
2
un (t ) An cos nt Bn sen nt 3 (1)n t 4 (1)n sen(nt )
n
n
un (0) ( x)
un (t ) An cos nt Bn sen nt
( x) An sen(nx)
n 1
sen( x) An sen(nx)
n 1
A1 1
An 0
n 1
Derivamos:
2
2
(1)n 3 (1)n cos(nt )
3
n
n
B2
5
2
B5
3
5
Bn 0
n 2 n 5
2
2
n 1
2
2
5
3
un ( x, t ) cos(t ) sen( x) sen(2t ) sen(2 x) sen(5t ) sen(5 x)
2
5
12
a
t 2 t
x 2
u (0, t ) u ( L, t ) 0
u (a,0) f ( x)
u
( x,0) 0
t
0 x L
t 0
t 0
0 xL
0 xL
SOLUCION:
Asumiendo que una solucin a este problema es de forma:
u ( x, t ) X ( x)T (t )
Sustituimos en la ecuacin:
T ''(t ) T '(t ) T (t )
k
T (t )
X ''( x)
k
X ( x)
X ''( x) kX ( x) 0
X (0)T (t ) 0 X ( L)T (t )
X (0) X ( L) 0
X (0) X ( L)
Encontramos:
n
k
L
T ''(t ) T '(t ) (1
n x
X n ( x) An sen
a2n2 2
)T (t ) 0
L2
13
a 2 n2 2
1 1 4 1
L2
1
L2 4 L2 4a 2 n2 2
r
2
2
2
1
3L2 4a 2 n2 2
r
i
2
2
La solucin de la ecuacin es:
Tn (t ) e
t
2
3L2 4a 2 n2 2
Bn cos
2L
3L2 4a 2 n 2 2
t Cn sen
2L
3L2 4a 2 n 2 2
2L
t
2
Tn (t ) e Bn cos nt Cn sen nt
un ( x, t ) X n ( x)Tn (t )
n x
un ( x, t ) An e 2 Bn cos nt Cn sen nt sen
L
t
Cn An Bn Dn AnCn
u ( x, t ) f ( x)
u '( x, t ) 0
t
1 2t
n x
2
u '( x, t ) e Cn cos nt Dn sen nt e Cn n sen nt n Dn cos nt sen
n 1 2
L
C
n x
u '( x, t ) 0 n n Dn sen
2
L
n 1
Cn
n Dn 0
2
Dn
Cn
2 n
n x
1
u ( x,0) Cn e 2 cos nt
sen nt sen
2 n
n 1
n x
u ( x,0) f ( x) Cn sen
L
n 1
Cn
2 L
n x
f
(
x
)
sen
dx
L 0
L
14
a
t 2
x 2
u ( x,0) 0
u
( x,0) cos( x)
t
t 0
SOLUCION:
Usamos la frmula:
u ( x, t )
1
1 xat
f ( x at ) f ( x at ) xat g (s)ds
2
2a
Reemplazando en la frmula:
1
1 xat
f ( x at ) f ( x at ) xat g (s)ds
2
2a
1
1 x at
u ( x, t ) 0 cos( x)ds
2
2a x at
1
x at
u ( x, t ) 0 sen( x) x at
2a
1
u ( x, t ) sen( x at ) sen( x at )
2a
1
x at x at
x at x at
u ( x, t )
2sen
cos
2a
2
2
1
u ( x, t )
2sen at cos x
2a
1
u ( x, t ) sen at cos x
a
u ( x, t )
u ( x, t )
1
sen at cos x
a
15
a
t 2
x 2
u ( x,0) x 2
u
( x,0) 0
t
t 0
SOLUCION:
Usamos la frmula:
u ( x, t )
1
1 xat
f ( x at ) f ( x at ) xat g (s)ds
2
2a
Reemplazando en la frmula:
1
1 x at
f ( x at ) f ( x at ) xat g (s)ds
2
2a
x at
1
1
u ( x, t ) ( x at )2 ( x at )2 0ds
2
2a x at
1
u ( x, t ) x 2 2atx (at )2 x 2 2atx (at ) 2
2
1 2
u ( x, t ) x (at )2 x 2 (at )2
2
u ( x, t ) x 2 (at )2
u ( x, t )
u ( x, t ) x 2 a 2t 2
u( x, t ) x2 a2t 2
16
a
t 2
x 2
u ( x,0) x
u
( x,0) x
t
t 0
SOLUCION:
Usamos la frmula:
u ( x, t )
1
1 xat
f ( x at ) f ( x at ) xat g (s)ds
2
2a
Reemplazando en la frmula:
1
1 x ta
f ( x at ) f ( x at ) xta g (s)ds
2
2a
1
1 x ta
u ( x, t ) ( x at ) ( x at ) xdx
2
2a x ta
u ( x, t )
x at
1
1 x2
u ( x, t ) ( x at ) ( x at )
2
2a 2 x at
2
2
1
1 x ta x ta
u ( x, t ) x at x at
2
2a
2
u ( x, t )
1
1 x 2 2tax t 2 a 2 x 2 2tax t 2 a 2
2
x
2
2a
2
1 4atx
2a 2
u ( x, t ) x xt
u ( x, t ) x
u ( x, t ) x tx
17
a
t 2
x 2
u ( x,0) sen(3x)
u
( x,0) 1
t
t 0
SOLUCION:
Usamos la frmula:
u ( x, t )
1
1 xat
f ( x at ) f ( x at ) xat g (s)ds
2
2a
Reemplazando en la frmula:
1
1 x ta
f ( x at ) f ( x at ) xta g (s)ds
2
2a
1
1 x ta
u ( x, t ) sen3( x at ) sen3( x at ) 1dx
2
2a x ta
1
1 x ta
u ( x, t ) sen3( x at ) sen3( x at )
x
2
2a x ta
1
1 x ta
u ( x, t ) sen3( x) cos(3at ) cos(3x) sen(3at ) sen3( x) cos(3at ) cos(3x) sen(3at )
x
2
2a x ta
1
1
u ( x, t ) 2sen3( x) cos(3at ) x ta x ta
2
2a
1
u ( x, t ) sen3( x) cos(3at ) 2ta
2a
u ( x, t ) sen3( x) cos(3at ) t
u ( x, t )
u ( x, t ) sen3( x) cos(3at ) t
18
a
t 2
x 2
t 0
u( x,0) e x
u
( x,0) senx
t
2
SOLUCION:
Usamos la frmula:
u ( x, t )
1
1 xat
f ( x at ) f ( x at ) xat g (s)ds
2
2a
Reemplazando en la frmula:
1
1 x ta
f ( x at ) f ( x at ) xta g (s)ds
2
2a
2
2
1
1 x ta
u ( x, t ) e ( x at ) e ( x at ) sen( x)dx
2a x ta
2
2
2
1
1
x ta
u ( x, t ) e ( x at ) e ( x at ) cos( x) x ta
2
2a
2
1
1
u ( x, t ) e ( x at ) 1 e4t cos( x at ) cos( x at )
2
2a
2
1
sen( x) sen(at )
u ( x, t ) e ( x at ) 1 e4t
2
a
u ( x, t )
2
1
sen( x)sen(at )
u( x, t ) e( xat ) 1 e4t
2
a
19
a
t 2
x 2
t 0
u( x,0) e x
u
( x,0) senx
t
2
SOLUCION:
Usamos la frmula:
u ( x, t )
1
1 xat
f ( x at ) f ( x at ) xat g (s)ds
2
2a
Reemplazando en la frmula:
1
1 x ta
f ( x at ) f ( x at ) xta g (s)ds
2
2a
1
1 x ta
u ( x, t ) cos( x at ) cos( x at ) (1 x)dx
2
2a x ta
1
1 x ta
u ( x, t ) cos( x) cos(at ) sen( x)sen(at ) cos( x) cos(at ) sen( x) sen(at ) (1 x)dx
2
2a x ta
1 x ta
u ( x, t ) cos( x) cos(at ) (1 x)dx
2a x ta
u ( x, t )
x ta
1
x2
u ( x, t ) cos( x) cos(at ) x
2a
2 x ta
( x, t ) cos( x) cos(at )
1
( x ta)2 ( x ta)2
x
ta
ta
2a
2
1
4tax
2ta
2a
2
( x, t ) cos( x) cos(at ) t tx
( x, t ) cos( x) cos(at )
( x, t ) cos( x) cos(at ) t tx
20