CPB Afpfl

zqyv
ESifh
uGef_rLepfygwDwdkh.
t_yeftvSefay;pmrsm;
rwfv
2010
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD
A[dk0g'jzef@csda&;Xmeu xyfrHxkwfa0onf
trSm
(1)
- tjyeftvSefay;pmrsm;. oufwrf;onf (1947 ckESpfu jzpfI)

,ae@qv kd #if 63 ESpcf ef@ =umcJ+h yD jzpfonf?
- ,ckpmrlukd vrf;pOfowif;pmt,f'w D mtzG@J rS ðypkI 1963 ckEpS w
f iG f
xkwaf 0cJ&h m ,ae@qv kd #if 47 ESpcf ef@ &Sad y+yD?
- owfyo kH wf!eï ;f rsm;udk ,ae@umvpme,fZif;oH;k twdik ;f ajymif;ay;
xm;ygonf?
- rl&if;yHEk ydS w
f u
kd f pmpDpm±du k tf rSm;rsm;/ tustaysmufrsm;udv k nf;
(wwfEikd o f r#) jyifwmjznfw h m vkyyf gonf?
- 0d0g'uGjJ ym;p&mrsm;udk (rl&if;twdik ;f ) xm;+yD; xkwaf 0vdu k yf gonf?
(2)
- ocifwifarmif (usKH rai;) a&;cJah om rSww f rf;wck &Sod nf? 19 -

7 - 1968 ae@xkwf a=u;rHkowif;pmwGif ‘AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;.
ar#mrf eS ;f xm;csu’f acgi;f pOfEiS hf a&;cJo
h nf?
xdkaqmif;yg;wGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u uGefjrLepfygwD&J@
‘zqyv uGefjrLepfnD!Gwfa&;’ aºu;a=umfoH[m wu,f[kwf
r[kwaf r;&m [kwaf =umif;odonfEiS hf ocifoef;xGe;f ESihf wdww f cd;k
awG@qzkH @kd pDpOfcikd ;f onf? Adv
k cf sKyfonf vuf0n
J !
D wG af &;udk r&rae
wnfaqmuf&ef oEMXd mefcs+yD;av+yD?
1
t+yeftvSeaf y;pmrsm;
awG@r,fhae&mu ocifwifarmif.tdrf? awG@r,fhtcsdefu
Zlvikd v f 19&ufn?
od@k aomf ae@cif;rSmyif tvky}f uHcv H ukd &f onf?
ocifwifarmifu ed*;kH wGif atmufygtwdik ;f a&;cJo h nf?
AdkvfcsKyfonf ææ e,fcsJ@orm;tay:wGif ,cifuxuf
jywfom;vmcsde f/ vuf0J nD!Gwfa &;r&S d v #if vH k ;0vG w f v yf a&;
onfvnf; t"dy`m,frJh jzpfae&rnf[laom todw&m;udk &if0,f
k rf cd sed rf sKd ;rSm e,fcs@J orm;ESihf taygi;f tygwpk. vky}f uHra_ &wdrw
ydu f iG f
‘epf’ cJh&&Smavonf æ wJh?
- TuJo h @kd aom jzpf&yftrSerf sm;udk tkypf ;kd oltqufqufu zH;k uG,f
jcif;/ ajymif;jyef azmfjyjcif;rsm;a=umifh Armjynf. Edik if aH &;ordik ;f onf
ESpf 60 ausmf yHyk suyf ef;ysuf jzpfaecJo h nf? jynfwiG ;f ppf. w&m;cHuykd if
jynforl sm;u &Smr& jzpfae=uonf?
- ay;pmrsm;wGif e,fcs@J tay:oabmxm;/ vGwv f yfa&;tay: tuJ
jzwfcsu/f tzG@J tpnf;twGi;f pnf;±H;k a&;pnf;urf;ESihf ywfoufonfh
tjiif;yGm;r_/ nD!w G af &;tay:xm;onfh tajccHpw d "f mwf ponfrsm;
yg0ifonf?
‚jyif rwlonfh vkyef nf;vky[ f efrsm;udv k nf; xif[yfonf?
tm%mudkifxm;Edkifolrsm;u tm%mESifh zdaxmif;onf? twif;
tusyf tav#mah y;cdik ;f onf? r&v#if ol@,EW&m;udo k ;kH +y;D tEdik tf xuf
vkyaf wmhonf? 'Duae jynfwiG ;f ppfqD OD;wnfomG ;apcJo h nf?
- vdktyfI tajctaevnf;ay;I 1963 ck jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;
umvwGif TtjyeftvSeaf y;pmrsm; w&m;0ifxu G af y:cJzh ;l onf?
- od@k aomf Adv k af e0if;OD;pD;onfh awmfveS af &;aumifpu D tESpo f m&
2
tm;jzifh “vufeufuikd t f zG@J tpnf;tm;vH;k vufeufcs+yD; wd@k e@J y;l aygi;f
vky=f u” qdw k hJ awmif;qdck suaf =umifh aphpyfaqG;aEG;yGrJ sm; ysucf &hJ onf?
jynfwiG ;f ppfr;D qufawmufavmifco hJ nf?
- ,ckvnf; Adv k o
f ef;a&$ppftyk pf uk TtcsKd ;rsKd ;csKd ;aeonf? jynforl sm;
ordik ;f oifcef;pm,lEikd &f ef ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwrD S “zqyv - uGejf rLepf
tjyeftvSefay;pmrsm;” pmtkyfudk xyfrHxkwfa0vdkuf&jcif; jzpfyg
onf?
pmwnf;tzGJ@
A[dkokawoeXme
16 - 3 - 2010
3
vrf;pOft,f'Dwm tzG@J .
rdwfqufed'gef;
Armjynf uGejf rLepfygwo D nf Armjynftvkyo f rm; vlwef;pm;

. a&S@aqmifwyfO;D tjzpf 1300 jynft h a&;awmfyHk wku d yf =JG um;rS ayguf
zGm;vmcJah omygwD jzpfayonf/ ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwu D dk 1939 - ck
=o*kwv f Y pwifz@JG pnf; wnfaqmufcI hJ ygw. D tjrKaw acgi;f aqmif
rsm;rSm (1) ocifatmifqef; (twGi;f a&;rSL;) (2) ocifp;dk (3) ukAd [de;f
(4) rpPwm*d&k , S f ac: ocifAwif (5) ocifvaS z ac: Akv d v
f usmf wk@d
jzpfchaJ yonf/
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDonf +Adwdo#e,fcsJ@orm;. oHcGm
atmufY v#Kd @0u S pf mG &yfwnfvy_ &f mS ;cJ&h +yD; wk@d Arm tpnf;t&k;H }uD;ukd
cHuwkwv f yk u f m e,fcs@J qef@usiaf &;wku d yf rJG sm;ukd acgi;f aqmif qifEJ$
cJh&ayonf? 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;twGif; zufqpf*syefrsm;. ppfzdeyf
atmufYvnf; ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwo D nf v#K@d 0u S pf mG &yfwnf&if;yif
zufqpfwu dk zf suaf &; jynfo@l vwG v f yfa&; tzG@J csKyf}uD;ukd 'kid ;f tjzpf
vnf;aumif;/ vufeufuidk Af rmhwyfrawmf}uD;ukd tJarmif;vS&H n S }f uD;
tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ wnfaqmufuidk pf u JG m }uD;rm;vSaom zufqpf
awmfveS af &;wm0ef}uD;ukd t&G,Ef iS rhf vku d af tmif OD;aqmifxrf;&Gucf hJ
4
ayonf?
zufqpfawmfveS af &;t+yD; jrefrmEkid if o H @dk +Adwod #e,fcs@J orm;
jyefvnf0ifa&mufvmaomtcgYvnf; ArmjynfueG jf rLepf ygwo D nf
z/q/y/v tzG@J csKyf}uD;trnfjzifh trdsK;om;wyfaygif;pk}uD;udk ajAmif
twdtvif;azmfxw k u f m wk;d cs@J wnfaqmufI +Aw d o
d #e,fcs@J qef@usif
a&; vkH;0vGwfvyfa&; wkdufyGJ}uD;ukdjywfom;pGm qufvufqifE$JcJh
ayonf?
zufqpf*syefacwf ajratmufumvrSpI +Adwo d #e,fcs@J orm;
tm; aemufq;Hk tusyu f idk cf o
hJ nfh 1946 - ck pufwifbm taxGaxG
oydww f u dk yf }JG uD; umvtxd/ zqyv tzG@J csKyf}uD;twGi;f Y Armjynf
uGejf rLepfygw. D Ekid if aH &;acgi;f aqmifro _ nf t"dutcef;rS yg0ifcI hJ
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwo D nf zqyv. OD;acgi;f ozG,f jzpfcahJ yonf?
1948-ckEpS f vGwv f yfa&;acwf aemufyidk ;f Yvnf;/ wrdsK;om;
vk;H . wku d yf aJG =umifh &&Sv d maom vGwv f yfa&;ukd tykid pf ;D vuf0g;}uD;
tkyf tvGJokH;pm;jyKvkyfI e,fcsJ@ESifhaygif;um "e&Sifvrf;a=umif;okd@
vkud &f ef }udK;yrf;jyifqif&if;/ jynfwiG ;f ppfcif;vmaom tm%m&"e&Sif
vlwef;pm;ukdvnf;/ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDonf tnH@rcH 'l;
raxmufbJ jynfow l &yfv;Hk ESit hf wl &J&ifah cgi;f rmpGm ckcw H u dk cf u
dk cf hJ
ayonf? jynfol@tusdK;ay:tajccHonf@ ppfrSefaom +idrf;csrf;a&;ukd
vnf; jynfow l &yfv;Hk ESit hf wl r&yfrem; }udK;yrf;wku d yf 0JG ifcahJ yonf?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDonf (1) tvkyform;vlwef;pm;.
tbd"rRmjzpfaom odyeH` nf;us rmhupf v f eD if0g' vufeufudk xm0&
pGJukdifusifhokH;jcif;jzifh tusyftwnf;awG@v#ifvnf; awG;ra=umuf
aoGrazmuf atmifyGJawG@v#ifvnf; aoG;rajrmuf/ ajcraxmufbJ
5
tcuftcJ[lor#ukd atmifjrifpGm ajz&Sif;ausmfv$m;Ekdifaom ygwD
jzpfonf? (2) wif;usyaf om ypPn;f rJo h rH %dpnf;urf;rsm;ESihf pepfus
ckid rf maom ygwzD @JG pnf;wnfaqmufy&Hk adS om ygwv D nf;jzpfonf/ (3)
toufpnf;pdrpf aom woD;yk*v ~ uk, d uf sKd ;[lor#udk vk;H 0pGe@f vw$ u f m
jynfolvlxktusdK;wckwnf;ukdom vkH;0tajcpkdufxm;aom ygwD
vnf; jzpfonf? (4) uk, d v f ufoef@pifouJo h @dk a0zefa&;ESihf rdrud , kd f
a0zefa&;ukd usio hf ;Hk um trSm;rsm;ukd t+rJwrf;aq;a=umokwo f if
aeaom ygwv D nf;jzpfonf?
Tokd@ponfjzihf "e&SifygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh ajymif;jyef
qef@usifbufjzpfaom xl;jcm;csufrsm;&Sdaeaoma=umifh Armjynf
uGejf rLepfygwo D nf rD;awmufuo hJ @dk t+rJwrf;awmufavmifus,jf yef@
}uD;xGm;ae+yD; tjcm;aom "e&Siyf gwt D zG@J tpnf;rsm;rSmum;/ tr_u d yf Hk
}uD;uJhokd@ tiftm;}uD;rm;oa,mif xif&aomfvnf;/ wu,fwrf;
tm;jzihf wae@wjcm; vGiahf qG;a=urGjymus ysupf ;D ae&jcif; jzpfayonf?
avmifpm&SdoI rD;awmufwnf&SdaernfjzpfouJhokd@ vl@avmuY
vlwef;pm;yËdyuQrsm; wnf&adS eoI umvywfv;Hk ArmjynfueG jf rLepf
ygwo D nfvnf; wnf&adS ernfjzpfavonf?
uGefjrLepfygwDESifhzqyv
z/q/y/vonf zuf q pf a wmf v S e f a &;umvtwG i f ;
uGefjrLepfygwD.acgif;aqmifr_jzihf ajratmufY v#dK@0SufpGm zGJ@pnf;
wnfaxmifcJhaom zwyv ukd b0ajymif;xm;onfh trsdK;om;
wyf a ygif ; pk jzpf c J h a yonf ? uG e f j rLepf y gwD . acgif ; aqmif r _ j zih f
uGefjrLepfygwD/ jynfol@ta&;awmfykHygwD/ Armhwyfrawmf[laom
t"dutiftm;}uD;okH;ckukd ‘awmfvSefa&; wyfOD;’ tjzpf pwif
6
zGJ@pnf;cJh=uonf? xkdawmfvSefa&;wyfOD;ukd r¾dKifjyKI/ vlrsdK;pkrsm;
tygt0if wrsdK;om;vkH;ukd odrf;oGif;pkpnf;&eftwGuf zwyv
trnfjzifh trsdK;om;wyfaygif;pk}uD;ukd wnfaqmufcJh=uavonf?
uGejf rLepfygwED iS hf jynfo@l ta&;awmfyyHk gww D @dk uv dk nf; uGejf rLepfygwD
(Armjynf) trnfjzihf wygwDwnf; yl;aygif;cJh=uayonf? zwyv
acgi;f aqmifrmS ocifp;dk jzpfI Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;rSm ppfa&;wm0efcH
jzpfcohJ nf? wku d yf pJG wifaomtcg ygwED iS w hf yfrawmfudk wxyfwnf;
yl;aygif;zGJ@pnf; v_yf&Sm;cJh=uayonf? awmfvSefa&;atmifyGJ tqkH;
tjzwfEiS hf awmfveS af &;.vufeuf}uD; ok;H &yfjzpfaom nD!w G af om
tvkyo f rm;vlwef;pm;ygw/D us,jf yef@aom trsKd ;om;wyfaygi;f pkEiS hf
ckdifrmaom vufeufukdifwyfrawmfwkd@ukd pHepfwuswnfaqmuf
pkpnf;wku d cf u
dk Ef idk cf ahJ oma=umifv h nf; ArmhzufqpfawmfveS af &;onf
urBmwGif 'kw, d pHcsed v f udk o
f nftxd atmify&JG cJjh cif; jzpfayonf?
zufqpfawmfveS af &;twGi;f uGejf rLepfygwo D nf wkid ;f &if;"e&Sif
vlwef;pm;rsm;ESio hf mru/ urBmzh ufqpfqef@usiaf &; wyfaygi;f csKyftzG@J
0ifjzpfaeaom vdyf/ uefe,fcsJ@orm;ESifhyg ,m,Dr[mrdwftjzpf
yl;aygif;cJh&ayonf?
1945 - ckEpS /f zufqpfawmfveS af &;}uD; +yD;qk;H oGm;aomtcg
t"d u &ef o l t jzpf ajymif ; vJ o G m ;aom +Ad w d o #e,f c sJ @ orm;uk d
qufvufawmfveS &f eftwGuf zqyv ukd ajray:ok@d azmfI aeol&ed f
tpnf;ta0;}uD; ac:qku d m Akvd cf sKyfatmifqef;ukd OuUXwifI ocif
oef;xGef;ukd taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;wm0ef ay;cJhonf? a&S@ykdif;Y
azmfjycJo h nft h wkid ;f aeol&edS u f mvrS +Adwo d #e,fcs@J orm; aemufq;Hk
tav#mah y;vm&onfh taxGaxGoydww f u dk yf }JG uD;umvtxd z/q/
7
y/v onfuGefjrLepfygwD. acgif;aqmifr_atmufY wnf&SdcJh+yD;
awmfveS af &;'Da&onfvnf; tjrifrh m;qk;H wufcahJ yonf?
e,fcs@J orm; tav#mah y;qkwcf mG vmrSe;f odaomtcg zqyv
twGif;&Sd "e&Sifvlwef;pm;rsm;onf &or# tcGifhta&;ukd,lum/
wud, k af umif;tjrwfxw k af &;twGuf awmfveS af &;uko d pPmazmuf&ef
jyifqifvm=uayonf? wku d yf pJG pfrsuEf mS rS xGuaf jy;I e,fcs@J orm;
ESiahf phpyf&ef }udK;yrf;vm=uayonf? ‚wk@d . ,kwrf m yufpufaom
t}uHtpnfudk yg;pyf[&kjH zihf tlrtxd jrifvnf;jrifI wku d v
f nf;wku d f
aeaom uGejf rLepfygwt D m; zqyv rS xkwyf ,f&eff }udK;yrf;vm=u
ayonf? 0uFEyW À k m;Om%fjzihf uGejf rLepfygwED iS hf Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;ukd
uke;f acsmaoG;cGu J m tjyif;txefajcxk;d acsmufweG ;f cJ=h uayonf?
uGefjrLepfygwDrSmvnf; OD;odef;azjrihf. vuf,mwzufpGef;
t&_;H ay;a&;0g'ESihf ocifp;dk . vuf0w J zufpeG ;f *k%
d ;f *e0g' '%f&mrsm;
ukd ukpm;ae&mrS emvHxptcsdefjzpfI "e&Sifvlwef;pm;rsm;.
vky}f uHro _ nf atmifjrifomG ;&ayonf? z/q/y/v rS uGejf rLepfygwu D dk
xkwfy,fvkdufonf@ tcsdefrSpI z/q/y/v onf OD;acgif;jywfaom
uk, d cf E<muJo h @dk tvkyo f rm; vlwef;pm;. acgi;f aqmifr_ uif;jywfomG ;
cJ&h ayawmh.?
TuJo h @dk "e&Sivf wl ef;pm;rsm;. yxrajcvSr;f atmifjrifro _ nf
vGwv f yfa&;ukd opPmazmuf&ef 'kw, d ajcvSr;f twGuf vrf;cif;ay;
cJah yonf? xkpd Ofu uGejf rLepfygw. D uk, d pf m; OD;ode;f azjrihaf jymcJoh nfh
twkid ;f yif usepf pfom;ukd txifvu JG m wvkid ;f wk@d bufo@dk vku d yf gomG ;
rdcJhaom apmvl;rif;uJhokd@ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;rSmvnf; "e&Sif
vlwef;pm;rsm;. vufwiG ;f Y a&wdref pfc&hJ ayonf?
8
uGejf rLepfygw. D oabmxm;rSm ocifp;dk . "e&Siv f wl ef;pm;tm;
vkH;0raygif;a&; vuf0JwzufpGef;0g'ukdvnf;aumif;/ ukdodef;az.
"e&Sifvlwef;pm;tm; tnHhcHyl;aygif;a&; vuf,mwzufpGef;udk
vnf;aumif; qef@usizf ,f&mS ;um "e&Siv f w
l ef;pm;tm; Ekid if aH &;t&
xde;f csKyfwu dk cf u
dk &f if; zqyv twGi;f nD!w G af &;ukd }udK;yrf;cJo
h nf?
zqyv tm; e,fcs@J qef@usiaf &; vrf;a=umif;ay:rS acsmrf usatmif
xde;f odr;f ac:aqmif&efEiS hf wzufuvnf; "e&Siv f w l ef;pm;. }udK;wkyf
rcH&ap&efrSm uGefjrLepfygwD. t"duwm0ef[k ,lqcJhayonf?
xkdpOfu uGefjrLepfygwDrS xkwfa0aom jynfol@tm%m*sme,fukd
zwf=unfv h #if zqyv uGejf rLepfn! D wG af &;/ trsKd ;om;wyfaygi;f pk}uD;
tiftm;awmifw h if;ckid rf ma&;paom &JabmfA[de;f . aqmif;yg;rsm;ukd
zwf&_&rnf jzpfavonf? &JabmfA[def;rSm ESvkH;a&m*g&SdoljzpfI
zqyv ESihf uGejf rLepfn! D wG af &;jy\emonf &JabmfA[de;f . ESv;Hk ukd
t+rJwrf;&ku d cf wfaecJah yonf? aemufq;Hk zqyv uGejf rLepf tajc
taevnf;qk;d I ESv;Hk a&m*gvnf; wk;d vmaomtcg &Jabmf A[de;f rSm
tdyf&mxJY Akef;Akef;vJcJhavawmhonf? owif;pm vkH;0rzwf&[k
q&m0efu ydwfyif&onfh txdjzpfcJhonf? wae@oY trSwfwrJh
rke@f xyk vf maom owif;pmykid ;f wckudk &JabmfA[de;f &kww f &uf jrifawG@
oGm;cJah vonf? xkt d csed rf pS I &JabmfA[de;f rSm ar;r& ac:rxl;awmhbJ
olcspjf rwfE;dk vSaom uGejf rLepfygwu D kd aemufq;Hk pGe@f omG ;awmha=umif;
od&cdS &hJ ayonf? &JabmfA[de;f aemufq;Hk jrifawG@vu kd &f aom owif;pm
tykid ;f um; tjcm;r[kwf ‘zqyv rS uGejf rLepfygwD xkwyf ,fvu dk f
a=umif;owif;’ yif jzpfayonf? xkpd Ofu &JabmfA[de;f . oabm
xm;onf uGefjrLepfygwD. zqyv tay: oabmxm;rl&if;yif
9
jzpfaycJhayonf?
uGefjrLepfygwDESifh AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
azmufjyefa&;orm;rsm;u AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ukd ckwkH;vkyfcg

uGejf rLepfqef@usiaf &;vkyif ef;rsm;ukd enf;rsKd ;pkH vkyu f idk cf =hJ uaomfvnf;
trSefwu,ftm;jzifh uGefjrLepfygwDukd pwifwnfaxmifcJholrSm
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;jzpfI usqkH;oGm;onfh tcsdeftxd uGefjrLepf
ygwt D ay: oHa,mZOft}uD;rm;qk;H ESifh tm;txm;qk;H yk*Kd~ vfrmS vnf;
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;yif jzpfayonf?
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf uGefjrLepfygwDpwifwnfaxmifcJhI
*syefacwfYvnf; uGejf rLepfygwD acgi;f aqmifwOD;yif jzpf&rHk u wyf
rawmfwiG ;f ygwpD nf;&k;H a&; wm0efudk t"duxrf;aqmifco hJ l jzpfay
onf?
zufqpfawmfvSefa&;}uD; +yD;qkH;aomtcg OD;odef;azjrifh.
vuf,mba&muf'g0g'ESifh ocifpkd;. vuf0J*kd%f;*%0g' rkefwkdif;
wkdufcwfr_wkd@a=umifh AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;rSm ygwDjyifyokd@ vGifhpif
a&muf&SdoGm;cJhavonf? ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;a=umifh ygwDjyifyokd@
a&muf&SdoGm;cJhaomfvnf; AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf ygwDukd rqef@
usicf ahJ y?
ocifp;dk . Akvd cf sKyftay: ‘*syefEiS yfh ;l aygi;f r_’ [laompGcJ suEf iS hf
ywfoufIvnf; Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;onf "e&Siaf ygupf yDyD rSm;,Gi;f
rdcahJ =umif; yGiv hf if;pGmyif tus,w f 0ifh &Si;f vif;0efccH ahJ yonf? a&$w*d Hk
tv,fypP,H nDvmcH}uD; usi;f ypOfuvnf; OD;baz/ [omFwOD;jr
10
paom "e&Sifvlwef;pm;rsm;. }udK;yrf;v_H@aqmfr_jzihf zqyv tzGJ@
csKyf}u;D ukd tdE, Nd uGe*f &ufygwyD pHk rH sKd ; zG@J pnf;&efEiS hf ygwq
D idk ;f bkwrf sm;ukd
cGirhf jyK&ef[al om tqdw k &yf wufvmcJah vonf? uGejf rLepfygwt D m;
0kid ;f y,fa&;tqkjd zpfI Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;onf t}u;D tus,af 'gyu G m
olu, dk w f idk f wkud cf udk yf ,fcscahJ vonf?
AkdvfcsKyf. tpfukdt&if; OD;atmifoef; qkd&S,fvpfygwDokd@
0ifcphJ Ofuvnf; Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;onf ‘urBmrSm qk&d , S v f pfygwD
qkdwm tacsmiform;awGAs’ [laomtokH;jzihf rESpf+rdK@ rvkdvm;
a=umif; xkwfazmfjyocJh&kHru a':cif=unfESifh pum;tajctwif
jzpfc&hJ onftxd awG@}uKHc&hJ ykrH sm; Akv d cf sKyf.rl&if;oabmxm;rsm;ukd
OD;atmifoef; (Akv d cf sKyftpfu)dk .‘16 ESpf Ekid if aH &;tawG@t}uKH’ pmtkyf
Y tus,af &;om; azmfjyxm;avonf?
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf aq;pufus&m t&kyfxifaeaom
trsKd ;om; acgi;f aqmif}uD;wOD;jzpfaomfvnf; pif+yKdiyf gwu D dk raxmif
cJ&h rHk u uGejf rLepfygwu D dk pif+ydKifaxmifvadk om eD;pyforl sm;ukyd if ygwD
raxmif&ef tjyif;txef wm;jrpfcahJ yao;onf? uEDpN mcsKyfudk wefjyef
onhf taejzihv f nf;aumif;/ ppfjyef&aJ bmfrsm;ukd xde;f odr;f &eftvk@d imS
vnf;aumif;/ jynfo@l &aJ bmf wyfz@JG udk rvGrJ a&Smifom wnfaxmufc&hJ
aomfvnf; zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya' a&;qGaJ omtcg zsuo f rd ;f ypf
&ef twdtvif;yif rde@f =um;cJah yonf?
1947 - ck ESpOf ;D ykid ;f Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef; rusq;Hk rDtcsed o f nf
Ekid if aH &;t&_yaf xG;qk;H umvwck jzpfco hJ nf? atmifqef; tufwvD
pmcsKyfa=umihf uGejf rLepfygwu D ‘rdwaf qGatmifqef;b,fv’J [laom
pmtkyfukd xkwfa0I owday;aeonfESifh w+ydKifeufyif qkd&S,fvpf
11
ygwu D vnf; jynfo@l &aJ bmfEiS hf qk&d , S v f pfyËdyuQudk ta=umif;jyKI
‘atmifqef;cg;yku d af qmifwyf jynfo@l &aJ bmf’ ‘zufqpfatmifqef;
b,fv’J paom a=unmcsurf sm;ukd xkwjf yefaeaomtcsed f jzpfav
onf? uGejf rLepfEiS hf qk&d , S vf pfyÉdyuQonf xdyw f ef;a&mufaeouJo h @dk
jynfo&l aJ bmfEiS hf qk&d , S v f pf&efyrJG sm;rSvnf; xdyu f aJG cgi;f +yJ jzpfymG ;vsuf
&Sad eavonf? qk&d , S vf pfw@dk .npfywfrr_ sm;ukd rcHEidk v f eG ;f awmhojzihf
jynfo@l &aJ bmfbufrS Akv d pf ed rf eS af cgi;f aqmifI iSuzf sm;wku d zf suaf &;/
jcifrsdK;jzKwfa&;pDrHudef;uJhokd@ qkd&S,fvpfrsdK;jzKwfa&; pDrHudef;wck
csrw S cf =hJ uavonf? xkpd rD u H ed ;f rSm ocifE. k em;ok@d aygu=f um;oGm;+yD;
ar+rdK@Y acwWtem;,laeaom Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;xHo@dk ta&;w}uD;
wkdif=um; ac:,lajz&Sif;cJh&avonf? AkdvfpdefrSefu jynfol@&Jabmf
wyfzGJ@ukd ygwDw&yf toGifajymif;vJwnfaxmif&ef AkdvfcsKyftm;
wifjyem;yl&m/ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u cg;cg;oD;jiif;y,fcJhavonf?
“uGejf rLepfygww D &yf&+dS yD;jzpfv#if aemufxyfygwo D pf raxmif&bl;/
rif;wk@d vdk oabmxm;rsKd ; igrh mS &Scd v hJ #if tapm}uD;uwnf;u pif+ydKif
ygwaD xmifcrhJ mS ayg/h raxmiftyfraxmifaumif;vk@d raxmifbaJ ecJw h m
jzpfw,f? rif;wk@d vJ raxmif&bl;”[k jywfjywfom;om;yif wm;jrpf
cJah vonf? “wm;r&vk@d ZGwaf xmifcsiw f ,fq&dk ifvJ axmif=uayg/h
'gayrJh iguawmh b,fawmhrS rygEidk b f ;l ” [lIvnf; ,wdjywfyw d If
ajymvku d af yao;onf?
xk@d a=umifh Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;onf uGejf rLepfygwED iS hf tajctae
t& uGu J mG ae&aomfvnf; ygwq D ef@usiaf &; r&Scd &hJ o Hk mru ygwED iS hf
jyefvnfn! D w G af &;uko d m tpOfwpku d f ar#mrf eS ;f }udK;yrf;cJo h l jzpfav
onf? Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;onf e,fcs@J orm;ESihf zqyv wGi;f azmuf
12
jyefa&;orm;rsm;. ajcvSr;f ukd wae@wjcm; &dypf m;od&dS vmaomtcg
nD!Gwfa&; vufeuf}uD; (3) &yfjzihf wm;qD;ckcH&ef tjyif;txef
pDrv H mcJah yonf?
‘aygi;f jcif;aygi;f v#if uGejf rLepfygwED iS o
hf m aygi;f rnf’ [laom
rdef@cGef;ukd twdtvif; xkwfazmfajym=um;vkduf+yD; zqyv ESifh
uGefjrLepfnD!Gwfa&;ukd r&raevkyf&ef ta&;w}uD; pkdif;jyif;vmcJh
ayonf? +rdK@awmfcrf;rY aemufqkH;rdef@cGef;&Snf}uD;ukd ¹ruf=um;um
wkdif;jynfukd owday;cJh+yD; zqyv uGefjrLepfnD!Gwfa&;twGuf
aqG;aEG;&ef ocifoef;xGe;f xHo@dk yif &ufcsed ;f ay; zdw=f um;cJ+h yD; jzpfav
onf?
ajcoGufvufoGufjzpfaeaom e,fcsJ@orm;onf AkdvfcsKyf
atmifqef;tm; tcsed rf ay;awmhbJ +rdK@awmfcrf;rY rde@f ceG ;f ajym+yD; (12)
&uf tuGmY ,kwfrmpGmvkyf}uH vufOD;vkdufawmhojzihf AkdvfcsKyf
atmifqef;onf ocifoef;xGef;ESifh awG@cGifhr& zqyv uGefjrLepf
nD!w G af &;ukv
d nf; taumiftxnfrazmfEidk af wmhay?
tu,fIom e,fcsJ@orm;. vufOD;jcif;ukd rcHvkduf&ygu
wkid ;f jynf. uH=urRmonf wrsKd ;wzkaH jymif;vJcahJ yvdrrhf nf? wkid ;f jynfo@dk
r=umc% yGiyhf iG v hf if;vif; wifjycJo h nfth wkid ;f / wkid ;f jynfjyKv$waf wmf
ukd wu,fholykefv$wfawmftjzpf toGifajymif;+yD; toHv$ifhXmeukd
odrf;ykdufum vkH;0vGwfvyfaom orRwEkdifiHtjzpf urBmokd@ twd
tvif; a=unmI awmfvSefa&;enf;jzihf tm%modrf;&ef v#dK@0Suf
pDruH ed ;f w&yfuydk if &mxm;+y;D jzpfa=umif;/ uGejf rLepfygwED iS hf nD!w G af &;
vkyf+yD;v#if taumiftxnfazmf&efjzpfa=umif; od&SdcJh&ayonf?
(ocifoef;xGe;f . awmwGi;f ok;H ygwD Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;ae@ rde@f ceG ;f ESihf
13
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;. twGi;f 0efjzpfczhJ ;l ol Akv d x f eG ;f vif; wk@d .ajymjy
csurf sm;ukd ud;k um;ygonf?)
Ak d v f c sKyf a tmif q ef ; vk y f } uH c H & csd e f Y e,f c sJ @ ES i f h j ynf w G i f ;
azmufjyefa&;orm;wk@d . toGm;xufaom vSpH yG w f acsmif; jzpfonfh
OD;ausmf+idrf;onf t*Fvefokd@ a&muf&SdaecJhayonf? OD;ausmf+idrf;
jyefa&mufvmaomtcg Akv d cf sKyf. &kyt f avmif;ab; Y “olr&dI S om
vkyf}uHcH&a=umif;” ikdcsif;&Snfjzifh nOf;nLjycJhavonf? okd@aomf
OD;ausm+f idr;f r&SI d TuJo h @dk vky}f uHc&H avoavm/ TuJo h @dk vky}f uH
rnfukd}udKwifodI wrifa&Smifaeoavm[lonfhjy\emukdum;
um,uH&iS f OD;ausm+f idr;f omv#if todq;Hk jzpfayvdrrhf nf?
OD;ausmf+idrf;acgif;aqmifaom azmufjyefa&;orm;rsm;onf
AkdvfcsKyfukd tumtuG,f,lI uGefjrLepfygwDukd xkd;ESufcJh=u&kHru
AkdvfcsKyfusqkH;+yD;aemufYvnf; ‘ºuufaowckt&if;jyK’ [louJhokd@
AkdvfcsKyf. romukd Aef;jywkdifwnf+yD; e,fcsJ@orm;ESifh yl;aygif;a&;
uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&; vkyfief;rsm;ukd enf;rsdK;pkHatmif vkyfukdifchJ=u
ayonf? aemufq;Hk tmZmenfuek ;f &Sd Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;. tkw*f l
onf z/q/y/v rsm;tzk@d tjypfrsm;aq;a=um qkawmif;&m c&pfawmf
ocsKõ if;yrm jzpfc&hJ ayonf?
zqyv uGefjrLepfnD!Gwfa&;tjyeftvSefay;pm
zqyv onf EktufwvDpmcsKyt f & e,fcs@J orm;ESihf aemufq;Hk

yl;aygif;onfh tqifhokd@ ra&mufao;rD tvkyform; vlwef;pm;
wyfO;D ukv
d nf; &efoo
l wfrwS I
f tjywftowfppfcif;jcif; rjyKao;rD
14
trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD; Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;ukv d nf; e,fcs@J orm;u
vuf&ZJ uf&J vky}f uHowfjzwfvmcsed 0f ,f zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w G f
a&;onf vdv k nf;vdt k yfI jzpfEikd o f nft h vm;tvmvnf; wu,f
wnf&Sdaeay;ao;onf? xkda=umifh uGefjrLepfygwDonf aemufqkH;
&rf;um;vmaom e,fcsJ@orm;ukd rD;ukef,rf;ukef wkH@jyefwkdufckduf
&eftwGuf zqyv ESihf uGejf rLepf nD!w G af &;ukd tpGr;f uke}f udK;yrf;
cJ&h ayonf?
ok@d aomfvnf; e,fcs@J EiS v hf ufurf;+yD;jzpfaeaom zqyv onf
‘zqyv uGejf rLepf b,forl mS ;ovJ’ [laom pmtkyu f kd xkwaf 0I
ra&&maom ta=umif;jycsufrsm;jzifh uGefjrLepfygwD. nD!Gwfa&;
urf;vSr;f csuu f dk cg;cg;oD;oD; jiif;qefy,fcsco hJ nf? e,fcs@J orm;tm;
wkH@jyefwkdufckdufa&;ukd opPmazmufcJh=uavonf? 1947 ckESpf
aemufyidk ;f jrif;+ydKifuiG ;f a[mif;Y usi;f yonfh zqyv jynfv;Hk u|wf
'kwd,nDvmcH}uD;Y uGefjrLepfygwD. nD!Gwfa&;urf;vSrf;csufukd
vufrcHa=umif; aemufqkH;twnfjyKcJh=uayonf? xkdnDvmcH}uD;Y
OD;ausmf+idrf;u uGefjrLepfygwDukd "m;0ifh}udrf;0g;um wcsufv$wf
trde@f awmf rSwcf ±hJ rHk u “vGwv f yfa&;&onfrmS bdvyfavbm
tpk;d &. aus;Zl;a=umifjh zpfonf” [lIyif wrsKd ;om;vk;H ukd apmfum;I
t&Sufuif;rJhpGm a=unmcJhayao;onf? odef;av;q,fOD;ukdukd}uD;
uvn;f pm;yGu J dk vufo;D jzihf wtm;xkumxkum uGejf rLepfygwu D dk
ppfa=unmcJhavonf? ,ae@ yxp acgif;aqmif}uD;jzpfaeaom
ocif w if u vnf ; Ak d v f v usf m uk d twif ; qG J I ouf a oxl u m
ya&m[dwaf voHjzihf uGejf rLepfygwu D dk pGcJ suaf ygi;f rsm;pGm wifcahJ v
onf? Tokd@jzihf uGefjrLepfygwD.nD!Gwfa&;}udK;yrf;csufonf
15
oJxaJ &oGejf zpfc&hJ ayawmhonf?
zqyv.orkid ;f ukd ed*;Hk csKyfIok;H oyfv#if -
(1) yxrykdif;onf e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;twGuf
uGejf rLepfygwED iS hf yl;aygi;f nD!w G cf ahJ omorkid ;f / uGejf rLepfygwED iS hf
yl;aygi;f nD!w G jf cif;tm;jzifh e,fcs@J qef@usiaf &;wku d yf rJG sm;ukd ykrd kd
xda&mufpmG qifEEJ$ ikd cf ahJ omordik ;f jzpfI/
(2) 'kwd,ykdif;rSmum; e,fcsJ@ESifh yl;aygif;nD!Gwfa&;
twGuf uGefjrLepfygwDukd qef@usifwkdufckdufcJh&aomorkdif;/
uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;twGuf e,fcsJ@ESifh ykdIykdIyl;aygif;cJhaom
orkid ;f jzpfayonf?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDonf awmfvSefa&;c&D;pOfwav#mufY
"e&Siv f wl ef;pm;rsm;ESihf aygi;f onft h cgaygi;f I wku d o f nft h cgvnf;
wkud cf &hJ onf? aygi;f &if;vnf; wku d cf &hJ onf? e,fcs@J orm;xHrS tcGihf
ta&;r&I jynfol@bufokd@ jyefvmaom "e&Sifrsm;tm; aygif;&if;
wkdufcJh&I tcGifhta&;tenf;i,fay;ojzihf jynfolvlxkukd ajcjzifh
pku
H efum e,fcs@J orm;xHo@dk ajy;0ifcv dk I H_ jynfo@l wu dk yf u JG dk &efral om
tcgvnf; uGejf rLepfygwo D nf &J&ifjh ywfom;pGm jynfoEl iS t hf wl wku d cf hJ
&ayonf? uGejf rLepfygwED iS hf nD!w G af &;ukd cg;cg;oD;oD;y,fcsI e,fcs@J
orm;ESihf nD!w G af &;vkycf ahJ om zqyv onf wEdik if v H ;Hk ukd jynfwiG ;f
ppfr;D jzihf &SKd @c=hJ u+yD;aemuf jynfo@l &aJ bmfrsm;onf zqyv ukd yxrqk;H
awmfveS f xGucf mG vmcJ=h uayonf? 'kw, d Avp paom tzG@J rsm;
xGuv f mjyef+yD; wwd, qk&d , S vf pfygwED pS jf crf;uGu J m Armjynf tvkyf
orm;ygwD qk&d , S ef [
D I l yJch jhJ yefonf? pwkwˆ oef@&iS ;f wnf+rJ xufjcrf;
uGcJ jhJ yef+yD; yOPr oef@&iS ;f xJY OD;Akv d o f cif tpdwpf w d u f =JG ujyefonf?
16
,ae@umvY zqyv [laom trnfyif aysmufu, G pf jyKvm+yD; yv
jyKwfI zq [kaom pmvk;H ESpv f ;Hk om use&f adS wmhvsuf e,fcs@J orm;.
aemufqkH;ajcukwfpcef; jzpfaeav+yD? zqyv rS uGefjrLepfukd
xkwyf ,fjcif;? Akvd cf sKyfatmifqef;vkyf }uHc&H jcif;? Ek tufwvD pmcsKyf
csKyfqkdjcif;/ jynfwGif;ppf zefwD;jcif;/ ,ae@ jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;ukd
zsufqD;aejcif; ponfwkd@onf zqyv . EkdifiHa&; yÉdpPorky`g'fyif
jzpfonf?
twdwf.oifcef;pmrsm;
ArmhawmfvSefa&;orkdif;wav#mufukd jyefvnfokH;oyfv#if
Ekid if aH &;tajymif;tvJ}uD;rsm; jzpfymG ;&mauG@}uD;wkid ;f Y e,fcs@J orm;.
vkyf}uHr_rsm;ukd awG@&Sd&ayonf? azmufjyefaom "e&Sifvlwef;pm;
rsm;. opPmazmufrr_ sm;ukv d nf; awG@Eidk af yonf?
zqyv - uGefjrLepfygwDtjyeftvSefay;pm
‘zqyv y;pm’onf Armh
awmfveS af &;orkid ;f wauG@Y ta&;ygaomtcef;wck jzpfcahJ yonf? T
pmtkyif ,fu
(1) vuf&SdjynfwGif;ppfESifh ywfoufaom twdwf
oifcef;pmrsm;ukv d nf;aumif;/
(2) uGejf rLepfygwED iS hf rnD!w G b
f J e,fcs@J ya'o&mZf
qef@usifa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd rvkyfEkdif/ e,fcsJ@ya'o&mZfpHepfukd
jywfom;pGmqef@usifvkdv#if uGefjrLepfygwDESifh nD!Gwf&rnf
[laomOya'oukv d nf;aumif;/
(3) awG@qkHaqG;aEG;+idrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmuf&mY
rvGw
J rf;&ifqidk &f rnfh tzsutf EW&m,frsm;ukd nD!w G pf pk nf;aom
17
tif t m;jzih f jywf o m;pG m wk d u f c k d u f z ,f & S m ;&rnf [ l a om
enf;vrf;ukv d nf;aumif;/ ponfjzihf tzk;d wefoifcef;pmrsm;ukd
ay;tyfEkdifvdrfhrnf[k vrf;pOft,f'DwmtzGJ@u av;eufpGm
,k=H unf,q l xm;ayonf?
xk@d a=umifh ‘zqyv ESihf uGejf rLepftjyeftvSeaf y;pm’ ukd vrf;pOf
t,f'w
D mtzG@J u }udK;yrf;&SmazGI xkwaf 0vku d &f jcif; jzpfayonf?
ae@pJG 22 - 9 - 63 vrf;pOft,f'w
D mtzG@J
18
&nf!$ef;csuf
1946 ck atmufwb dk mv 10 &ufae@wiG f z/q/y/v tzG@J csKyf

tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@onf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtm; z/q/y/v
tzG@J twGi;f rS xkwyf ,fc. hJ ? Ek0d ifbmv 2 &ufae@ 3 &ufae@rsm;wGif
usi;f yaom z/q/y/v OD;pD;tzG@J tpnf;ta0;u Armjynf uGejf rLepf
ygwt D m; xkwyf ,fjcif;ukd twnfjyK&krH u/ Armjynf tvkyo f rm;or*~
ArmEkid if /H awmifov l ,form;or*~w@dk uydk g xkwyf ,fc. hJ ? xkt
d cgrpS I
ArmtrsKd ;om;vGwv f yfa&; tiftm;pkrsm;onf ESppf yd Ef pS yf idk ;f uGjJ ym;
cJ&h .? uGjJ ym;vsu&f adS om tiftm;pkrsm;. yÉdyuQjzpfrr_ mS wae@wjcm;
jyif;xefvmcJ+h yD; jynfwiG ;f ppfudk a&S@±c_ . hJ ?
1947 ck Zefe0g&v D wGif ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD A[kad umfrwD
onf aemufq;Hk wku d yf vJG rf;pOfudk csrw S cf g zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w G f
a&; t&wnfaqmuf&ef qk;H jzwfc. hJ ?
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef; trSL;jyKaom acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;onf
ZEM0g&v D twGi;f bdvyfY ta&;qkad epOf Armjynfw0Sr;f vk;H vGwv f yf
a&;qENjyyGrJ sm;wGif zqyv vuf,m*d% k ;f acgi;f aqmifrsm;u uGejf rLepf
wk@d vma&mufy;l aygi;f aqmif&u G jf cif;ukd uysu, f ysuf vkyaf pumrl/
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwo D nf tm;wufoa&m yg0if+yD; wrsKd ;om;vk;H .
ta&;qkcd surf sm;ukd tifwu dk t f m;wku d f axmufccH . hJ ?
1947 ckEpS f {+yDv twGi;f wGif usi;f yaom a&G;aumufyGJ
rsm;wGif zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w G af &; wnfaqmuf&ef Armjynf
uGejf rLepfygwo D nf yg0ifc. hJ ?
19
1946 ckZefe0g&v D wGif usi;f yaom zqyv jynfv;Hk u|wf
nDvmcHobif. qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;ukd tus,jf yef@q;Hk aom vlxu k od&dS
vmatmif }udK;yrf;cJ. h ?
a&G;aumufyJG rusi;f yrD ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwo D nf zqyv
tzG@J csKyfEiS hf a&G;aumufyo JG abmwlncD suf &&S&d ef }uKd;yrf;cJ. h ? igw@dk .
t}uHay;csurf mS -
(1) ae&mtrsm;wGif zqyv tzGJ@csKyfu trwf
avmif;rsm;ukd wif&ef
(2) uGejf rLepfw@dk tiftm;aumif;aom ae&mrsm;wGif
uGejf rLepftrwfrsm;omwifI zqyv trwfavmif;rsm;
Ekwx f uG af y;&ef/
(3) a&G;aumufyGJtwGif; tjyeftvSefulnD&efwkd@
jzpf.? ‚t}uHay;csurf sm;ukd vufrcHEidk [ f k zqyv tzG@J
csKyfu y,fcsc. hJ ?
od@k twGuaf =umifh igw@dk . tajccHtiftm;&Sad om e,fy,f
rsm;wGif uGefjrLepftrwfavmif;rsm; ,SOf+ydKifta&G;cHapcJh&ayonf?
okd@&mwGif igwkd@0ifa&muf ta&G;rcHaom ae&mwkdif;wGif zqyv
trwfavmif;rsm;ukd igw@dk axmufccH ahJ yonf?
1947 ckZeG v f rS pwifusi;f yaom wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKvGwaf wmfwiG f
vk;H 0vGwv f yfaom tcsKyftjcmtm%mykid f jynfaxmifpk orRwEkid if H
wnfaxmifa&;ukd uGejf rLepfygwo D nf axmufccH . hJ ?
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;wkd@tm; vkyf}uHcH&+yD;aemuf tvkdawmf&d
vuf,m*d% k ;f u tm%mukd odr;f yku d &f efEiS fh jynfwiG ;f ppfr;D avmifap
&ef e,fcs@J orm;wk@d . ,kwrf maomt}uHtpnfudk uGejf rLepfygwo D nf
20
OD;OD;pm;pm; wm;qD;wku d zf sucf . hJ ?
wwkid ;f jynfv;Hk usa&mufaeom tusyt f wnf;rS wckwnf;
aom xGu&f yfvrf;onf zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w G af &;jzpfa=umif;
wkid ;f jynfo@dk !e$ jf ycJ.h ?
awmfveS af &;ae@usi;f yjcif;/ ara';ae@usi;f yjcif;ponfh e,fcs@J
orm;wkd@ukd qef@usifaom ta&;udpPrsm;/ vlxktwGuf tusdK;&Sd
apaom udprP sm;wk@d udk zqyv tzG@J csKyfu aqmif&u G w f idk ;f uGejf rLepf
ygwo D nf yg0ifcahJ v.?
xkdenf;twl uGefjrLepfygwDu }uD;rSL;aqmif&Gufaom vlxk
wkud yf rJG sm;wGif zqyv tiftm;pkrsm; ESihf tvkyw f l yl;wGJ aqmif&u G &f ef
txl;}udK;pm;cJ. h ?
xkrd w
S yg; zqyv vuf,m acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf atmifqef;
tufwvD pmcsKyfuJhokd@aom e,fcsJ@orm;tm; tav#mhay;onfh
vkyfief;rsm;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ &ckdifysOf;rem;ponfh e,frsm;wGif
e,fcs@J orm;ESihf t&m&Sq d ;dk wk@d u jynfov l x l tk m; zdEydS ! f êi;f yef;&mwGif
trsdK;om;a&;&m vkyfief;.*k%foa&ukd xdckdufapum xkdolwkd@.
zdEySd nf êi;f yrf;r_udk tvkw d cl &hJ mwGiv f nf;aumif;/ 1946 ckEpS f zqyv
jynfvkH;u|wf nDvmcHobif}uD;. qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd qef@usif
azmufzsufchJa=umif; jynfolvlxktm; odem;vnfap&ef uGefjrLepf
ygwo D nf tpGr;f ukeaf qmif&u G cf .
hJ ?
wenf;tm;jzihf qkdv#if
1? vlxw k udk yf u
JG dk &J&}J uD;a&S@aqmifjcif;tm;jzifv h nf;aumif;/
2? wrsKd ;om;vk;H . vkv d m;csurf sm;ukd r&yfrem;azmfxw k jf cif;jzihf
e,fcs@J orm;tm; tav#mrh ay;aom wku d yf rJG sm;ukd qifjcif;tm;jzihf
21
vnf;aumif;/
3? e,fcs@J orm;tm; tav#mah y;aphpyfaom vkyif ef;rsm;ukd zGichf s
azmfxkwfjcif;tm;jzihf TuJhokd@aom e,fcsJ@orm;tm; tav#mhay;
aphpyfaom vkyif ef;rsm;ukd vlxu k , kd wf idk u f wm;qD;vmap&ef }udK;yrf;
jcif;tm;jzifv h nf;aumif;/ uGejf rLepfygwo D nf zqyv ESihf uGejf rLepf
nD!w G af &;ukd wnfaqmufc. hJ ?
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;wkd@ usqkH;+yD;onfhaemuf uGefjrLepfygwD
acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf zqyv acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf wku d &f udk af wG@qu Hk m
zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w G af &;twGuf aphpyfc. hJ ? xkt d awmtwGi;f
,kwrf maom e,fcs@J orm;tm; uvJph m;acs&ef vlx}k uD;onf tkºH u
vmcJ. h ? vlx}k u;D . tkºH ur_onf xde;f r&tkyrf &jzpfrnfudk tpk;d &dr}f u;D
pkd;&drfum zqyv vuf,m*kd%f; acgif;aqmifwkd@onf vlxk}uD;.
vrf;a=umif;ukd ajymif;ay;cJ. h ?
Zlvidk f 19 &ufae@rS pwifaphpyfc&hJ m ,ck 4 vr# &Scd ahJ v+yD?
‘zqyv acgi;f aqmifrsm; nD!w G af &;twGuf pum;urf;vSr;f
ae=u+yD’ [k =um;&aomtcg jynfov l x l o k nf ar#mv f ihjf cif;}uD;pGmESihf
apmifph m;cJ=h uayonf?
zqyv ESihf uGejf rLepfn! D w G af &; rjzpfEidk [f k zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS
Ek0d ifbmv 17 &ufae@u a=unmvku d o f nft h wkid ;f nD!w G af &;qEN
jyif;jyvsu&f adS om vlx}k uD;onf wkev f y_ af csmufcsm;oGm;cJ. h ?
zqyv uGejf rLepfn! D w G af &;ukd qufvuf}uKd ;pm;rnf nD!w G f
a&;onf vlx}k uD;. qENtwkid ;f tcsed rf =umrD rkcsjzpfrnf[k uGejf rLepf
ygwu D a=unmvku d o
f nft h cg vlx}k uD;tzk@d ar#mv f ihcf suaf &mifjcnf
onf oef;vsu&f adS o;a=umif; xif&mS ;ayonf?
22
nD!Gwfa&;wnfaqmuf&mY acgif;aqmifrsm;. aphpyfa&;
urf;vSrf;jcif;rsm;um; vkd.? okd@&mwGif acgif;aqmifrsm;. aphpyf
urf;vSr;f csuEf iS v hf nf; r+yD;ay?
atmufajcvlxu k vnf; nD!w G af &;ukd wnfaqmuf&ayrnf?
acgif;aqmifrsm;onf vlxk.a&S@aqmifrsm;jzpfI vlxk}uD;.
t,ltqrsm;ukd jyKjyifIa&S@aqmif=u.? wzufuvnf; acgi;f aqmif
rsm;onf vl x k . uk d , f p m;vS , f j zpf o nf h t wk d i f ; vl x k . qEN u k d
aqmif&Guf=uayonf? vlxk.jyif;jyaom qEN.wGef;uefr_ &Sdvm
onft h cg acgi;f aqmifw@dk tay:wGif rjzpfraeaqmif&u G &f ef wm0ef
&Sv
d mayonf?
zqyv uGefjrLepf nD!Gwfa&;onf wwkdif;wjynfvkH;.
tusKd ;pD;yGm;ESihf xyfwu l ,
dk pf m;jyKayonf? ta=umif;rlum; zqyv
uGefjrLepf nD!Gwfa&;omv#if wjynfvkH;usa&mufvsuf&Sdaom
tusO;f tusyx f rJ S u,fwifEidk af yonf?
ok@d aomf zqyv uGejf rLepfn! D wG af &;onf tvkt d avsmuf
tm;jzihf rjzpfay:vmEkid ?f
ta=umif;rlum; e,fcsJ@orm;onf ArmhawmfvSefa&;ukd
wm;qD;&efESifh zqyv vuf,m*kd%f;wkd@ESifh aphpyfa&;vkyfEkdif&ef
zqyv xJrS uGejf rLepfygwu D dk xkwyf ,fcahJ p.? e,fcs@J orm;yifv#if
zqyv ESihf uGejf rLepfygwD jyefvnfn! D w G af &;ukd wm;qD;ae.?
Ek - tufwvD pmcsKyftm;jzifh zqyv vuf,m*k% d ;f onf
e,fcsJ@orm;tm; tavsmhay;aphpyfc Jhovkd ,ckvnf; zqyv
uGejf rLepf nD!w G af &;udk y,fcsvu dk jf cif;jzihf zqyv vuf,m*k% d ;f
onf e,fcs@J orm;tm; tav#mah y;vku d jf yef.?
23
ok@d twGuf acgi;f aqmifrsm; aphpyfpum; urf;vSr;f &krH #jzihf r&Ekid ?f
zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w G af &;ukd rjzpfrae&[k vlx}k uD;uyg tkºH u
wnfaqmufvmrSomv#if nD!w G af &;onf jzpfay:vmvdrrhf nf?
nD!Gwfa&;wnfaqmuf&mwGif
(1) nD!wG af &;qko d nfrmS bmvJ

(2) nD!wG af &;onf b,ftwGuaf =umifv h o
dk vJ
(3) b,fvn dk !
D w G rf vJ
(4) zqyv uGefjrLepf nD!Gwfa&;ukd b,folawG
zsuq
f ;D aeovJ
(5) bma=umifh zsuq f ;D ovJ
(6) Tzsuq f ;D r_rsm;ukd rnfuo hJ @dk wm;qD;rnfvJ
ponfw@dk udk vlx}k u;D uk,d wf idk u

f oabmaygu&f ef vkad yonf?
ok@d roS m nD!w G af &;ukd wnfaqmuf&ef vlx}k uD;onf rSeu f efaom
tcef;u yg0ifEidk af yrnf?
zqyv acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf uGejf rLepfacgi;f aqmifrsm; aphpyf
aqG;aEG;cJ&h m 4 v ausmf &Scd ahJ omfvnf; bmawGaqG;aEG;+yD; bmawG
uGvJ o JG nfudk jynfov l xl u
k rod&?
zqyv ESihf uGejf rLepfn! D wG af &; urf;vSr;f jcif;ukd 0rf;enf;pGm
ESifh &yfpvJ u
dk &f a=umif; zqyv tzG@J csKyfu a=unmxm;&m Ttcsuf
onf trSeu f dk zk;H uG,uf m olrsm;tay: tjypfycHk sxm;jcif;om jzpf.?
zqyv acgif;aqmifwkd@onf igwkd@ESifh EkdifiHa&;t&vnf;aumif;/
24
pnf;&kH;a&;t&vn;faumif;/ aoe*FAsL[mt&vnf;aumif;/ enf;
y&d,m,ft&vnf;aumif;/ oabmwlnDcJh+yD;ygrS ra&r&maom
ta=umif;jycsuw f @dk jzihf nD!w G af &;ukd y,fcsvu dk o f nfudk xif&mS ;ap&ef
(zqyv tzG@J csKyfEiS hf igw@dk ygwD ay;pmrsm; ) ukd jynfov l xl k a&S@arSmuf
wGif wifjyvku d yf ga=umif;?
pmeHygwf 1 - rSm igw@dk ygwrD S zqyv tzG@J csKyfo@dk ay;pmjzpfI
zqyv uGefjrLepf nD!Gwfa&;ESifhywfoufI tajccHrsm;ukd azmfjy
xm;onf?
pmeHygwf 2 - rSm zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS igw@dk o@dk jyefpmjzpfonf?
uGejf rLepfygwrD S wifjyaom tcsuf 3 &yf teuf 2 csuu f dk oabmwl
+yD; ygw. D oD;jcm;uif;vGwcf iG u hf dk ¹cif;csuEf iS hf oabmwlxm;a=umif;
awG@&ayvdrrhf nf? ‚tjyif nD!w G af &;twGuf tajccHtopfrsm; 5
csuu f dk jyoxm;onfudk awG@&ayvdrrfh nf?
pmeHygwf 3 - rSm igw@dk xrH S zqyv tzG@J csKyfo@dk jyefpmjzpf+yD;
zqyv uGejf rLepfn! D w G af &; &&Sad p&ef ygw. D oabmxm;rsm;ukd
vlxak &S@arSmufwiG f vGwv f yfpmG wifjyEkid cf iG Ehf iS hf ywfoufI zqyv
. qENtwkid ;f igw@dk u wkid ;f jynf. tusKd ;udk a&S@&u _ m tepfemcHI
vku d af vsmxm;onfudk awG@&ayvdrrhf nf?
pmeHygwf 4 rSm zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS uGejf rLepfygwED iS hf nD!w G af &;
pum;ajymaeI EkdifiHvlxktwGuf tusdK;r&Sdqkdum nD!Gwfa&;ukd
y,fcsvu dk af omjyefpm jzpfayonf? ‚pmwGif yg&o dS nfh tok;H tE_e;f
oabmxm;wk@d rmS zwf&rHk #jzifh &Si;f vif;aeayonf?
pmeHygwf 5 rSm igw@dk xrH S zqyv tzG@J csKyfo@dk aemufq;Hk jyef=um;
pm jzpfayonf?
25
Tpmukd =unfhygu zqyv vuf,m*kd%f; acgif;aqmifwkd@
onf Ekid if aH &;t& oabmwlonf[q k +dk yD; wzufwiG f nD!w G af &;ukd
y,fcsvu dk af =umif; xif&mS ;ayonf?
zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w G af &; r&ao;apumrl zqyv ESifh
uGejf rLepf tvkyw f v l yk af &;ukd igw@dk }udK;pm;rnf jzpfayonf? tvkyw f l
vky&f if; nD!w G af &;&atmif igw@dk }udK;pm;oGm;rnf jzpfayonf?
wkid ;f jynf.ta&;ukd qef;ppf=unfyh gu e,fcs@J orm;ukd tjyKwf
wku
d +f yD; 0ajymom,maom wkid ;f jynf jyefvnfxal xmifa&;twGuf
wckwnf;aom vufeufonf zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w G af &; jzpfay
onf?
zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w G af &;r&v#if vlx}k uD;onf Edik if aH &;
pdw"f mwf ysujf ym;r_jzpfum e,fcs@J orm;onf tav#mah y;orm;rsm;ESihf
aphpyfum oG,0f u dk I f tkypf ;dk r_wnf+rJatmif u|eo f o
H &m&Snaf tmif
vkyrf nfudk EktufwvD pmcsKyftm;jzihf xif&mS ;ayonf?
zqyv uGefjrLepf nD!Gwfa&;&v#if wwkdif;wjynfvkH;
vef;qwfvmum e,fcs@J orm;tm; tjywftowf tEkid w f udk uf m
0ajymom,maom wkid ;f jynfudk igw@dk wnfaxmifEidk rf nf?
zqyv uGefjrLepf nD!Gwfa&;jzihf e,fcsJ@orm;ukd tjyKwf
wku
d Ef idk o
f nfum; topftqef;r[kw?f Armjynfudk *syefzufqpfw@dk
"m;rkd;tkyfpkd;pOfu Armjynf.vGwfvyfa&;ukd pdwfrSrul;0H@atmif
tdyrf ufr# rruf0@H atmif jzpfc&hJ +yD; zqyv tiftm;pkEiS hf uGejf rLepf
tiftm;pkrsm; nD!w G af &;&onfah e@wiG f Armajrjyifonf *syefzufqpf
wk@d .ocsKiõ ;f jzpfc&hJ ay+yD?
zqyv ESihf uGejf rLepf ,ae@n! D w G v f #if ,ae@yif e,fcs@J orm;
26
tm; tjyKwfwkdufI e,fcsJ@orm;ykdif aomhcsufvkyfief;}uD;rsm;ukd
odrf;,ljcif;jzifh Armjynftm; a&$rkd;aiGrkd;&GmapEkdifonf? eufjzef
nD!Gwfv#if eufjzeftjyKwfwkdufI eufjzefodrf;,ljcif;jzihf eufjzef
a&$r;kd aiGr;dk &GmapEkid rf nf?
zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w G af &; r&bJ a&$r;dk aiGr;dk &Gmrnfajymv#if
ajymolonf rD;aoG;zk;d aºu;wif+yD; a'0gvcD &H onfh t*~&d wfq&m}uD;
om jzpfvrd rhf nf?
xkd@a=umifhzqyv uGefjrLepfnD!Gwfa&;onf wkdif;jynf.
aoa&;&Sifa&;jzpfonf?
zqyv uGejf rLepfn! D w
G af &;wnfaqmuf&ef vlwidk ;f .wm0ef
jzpfonf?
zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w G af &; wnfaqmuf&mwGif vlx}k uD;
tzkd@ taumif;qkH;aom tultnDjzpfap&ef zqyv tzGJ@csKyfESifh
uGejf rLepfygww D @dk . tjyeftvSeaf y;pmrsm;ukd vlxak &S@arSmuf wifjy
tyfayonf?
zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w G af &;. oabmw&m;rsm; nD!w G af &;
wnfaqmuf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;ukd vlxkonf odjrifvm+yD; r&rae
wnfaqmuf&ef igw@dk av;av;eufeuf wku d w f eG ;f tyfayonf?
igw@dk tzk@d &mrlum; zqyv rS xkwyf pfonfh tcgrpS I zqyv
.awmfveS af &; tpOftvm nD!w G af &; tpOftvmwk@d udk xde;f odr;f
apmifah &Smufc. hJ ? 1946 ckEpS f Zefe0g&v D jynfv;Hk u|wf nDvmcHobif}u;D .
qkH;jzwfcsuftwkdif;jzpfatmif vkH;yef;ae.? a&S@tzkd@wGifvnf;
onftwkid ;f qufvufaqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf jzpf.? ok@d twGuaf =umifh
zqyv vuf,m*k% d ;f acgi;f aqmifw@dk u zqyv uGejf rLepfn! D wG af &;
27
ukd rnfuo hJ @dk wm;qD;apumrl rnfuo hJ @dk zsuqf ;D apumrl vlx}k uD;.
tvku d sjzpfaom zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w G af &;onf tcsed rf =umrD
rkcsjzpf&rnf[k igw@dk p+JG rJpmG ,k=H unfayownf;?
oef;xGe;f
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD?
22 - 11 - 47?
28
pmtrSwf(1)
z/q/y/v
uGefjrLepfnD!Gwfa&;ESihfywfoufIArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; ocifoef;xGef;xHrS
z/q/y/v tzGJ@csKyfOuUX
Armjynf,m,Dtpkd;&0ef}uD;csKyfocifEkxHokd@
14/8/47 ae@pGJESifhay;pm
ocifEkcifAsm; ae@pJG 14 - 8 - 47
z/q/y/v nD!Gwfa&; tajccHcsufrsm;?

z/q/y/v uGejf rLepf}uD;nD!w G af &;twGuf tajccHtcsurf sm;
rSm atmufygtwkid ;f jzpfygonf?
(1) 1946 ck Zefe0g&v D z/q/y/v jynfv;Hk u|wn f v D mcH}uD;rS
csrw
S cf ahJ om qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;ukd tajccH+yD;
(2) (u) wOD;csi;f toif;om;tjzpf 0ifjcif;?
(c) xdyfqkH;rS atmufqkH;txd z/q/y/v tzGJ@wkdif;wGif
'Dru
dk a&pDenf;t& tr_aqmiftzG@J udk a&G;aumufjcif;?
(*) wOD;csi;f 0ifrsm;. uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm; 50 &mckid Ef e_ ;f z/
q/y/v ESifh qufoG,faom vlwef;pm;ESifh vlenf;pk
tzG@J tpnf;rsm;. uk, d pf m;vS,f 50 &mckid Ef e_ ;f onf z/q/
y/v tm%mykdiftzGJ@rsm; yg0ifapjcif;paom igwkd@.
pnf;&k;H a&; t}uHay;csurf sm;ukd tajcjyKIvnf;aumif;?
29
(3) wcsed w f nf;rSmyif igw@dk ygw. D oD;jcm;uif;vGwaf om b0ukd
wnf+rJapvsuf ygw. D oD;jcm;uif;vGwaf omb0 qk&d mY vlxk
a&S@arSmufwiG f a0zefciG Ehf iS hf tm%modr;f ,la&; aemufq;Hk wku d yf JG
twGuf igw@dk ygw. D oD;jcm;uif;vGwaf om vrf;pOfudk vlxv k ufcH
vmatmif vkycf iG w hf @dk &S&d rnfudk qkv d o
dk nf?
(1)oabmwln+D yD;aom vkv d m;csurf sm;ESi/hf
(2) igwkd@onf z/q/y/v tzGJ@csKyftwGif;okd@0ifI wcsdefwnf;
,m,Dtpk;d &tzG@J wiG f yg0if&rnf? (ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD A[kd
aumfrwD qk;H jzwfcsu?f )
‚tajccHcsufrsm;rSm u|efawmfwkd@ tjyefjyeftvSefvSef
aqG;aEG;+yD;rS a&muf&Sdvmaom qkH;jzwfcsuf jzpfygonf? 1947 ck
Zlvidk v
f 30 &ufae@wiG f ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygw. D A[kd aumfrwDu
csrw
S af om Ekid if aH &;qk;H jzwfcsuw f iG v
f nf;aumif;/ tajccHtcsurf sm;ukd
tb,fa=umifch srw S &f onfudk azmfjyyg&dS onfh ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD
A[kdaumfrwD. EkdifiHa&;qkH;jzwfcsufukd zwf&_&ef yl;wGJay;ykd@vkduf
ygonf?
zqyv uGefjrLepf nD!Gwfa&; tajccHtcsufrsm;ESifh
ywfoufI Zlvidk v f 19 &uf ae@up+yD; yg;pyfEiS hf t}udr}f udrf &Si;f vif;
ajymjy+yD; jzpfayonf? ,ckvnf; xyf&iS ;f vif;&efvdk ojzihf rykrd vkb d J
atmufygtwdik ;f &Si;f vif;jyygonf?
(1)
od*kFwW&ukef;awmf z/q/y/v
jynfvkH;u|wfnDvmcHobifqkH;jzwfcsufrsm;
z/q/y/v tzG@J csKyfonf 'Dru dk a&pDenf;t& zG@J pnf;xlaxmif
30
xm;aom e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&; trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk jzpf
onfhtwkdif; z/q/y/v tzGJ@csKyfvkyfief;t&yf&yfESifh oufqkdifaom
wefc;dk tm%mwk@d onf z/q/y/v tm%mykid f tzG@J rsm;xHrS oufqif;
ay;&rnf? wenf;tm;jzihq f &dk v#if 1946 ck Zefe0g&v D wGif usi;f y
aom z/q/y/v jynfv;Hk u|wn f v
D mcHobif}uD;. qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;
ukd rlwnfI tvkyv f yk &f rnf?
zqyv jynfvkH;u|wfnDvmcHobif. qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd
tvG,w f ul uk;d um;Ekid &f ef ta&;}uD;aom qk;H jzwfcsurf sm; yg&o Sd nfh
u|eaf wmfw@dk &ku d af 0aom pmwrf;wapmif yl;wGaJ y;yk@d ygonf?
zqyv jynfv;Hk u|wf nDvmcHobif. qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;onf
vk;H 0vGwv f yfaom Armjynf.tajccHtw k jf rpfrsm; jzpfayonf?
‚tajccHtw k jf rpfrsm;rSm -
(u) vk;H 0vGwv f yfa&;?
(c) 'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESihf
(*) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm; ukd,fh=urRmukd,fzefwD;a&;wkd@
jzpfygonf?
‚tajccHrsm;ukd xyfr&H iS ;f jyvkad yonf?
(u) vk;H 0vGwv f yfa&;
vkH;0vGwfvyfa&;qkd&mY zqyv jynfvkH;u|wfnDvmcH
obifq;Hk jzwfcsuw f iG f ‘+Adwo d #vuf0g;}uD;tkyf t&if;&Siw f @dk . vufrS
vk;H 0vGwv f yfI rdrw d @dk u=H urRmukd rdrwd @dk bmomzefw;D a&;jzpfa=umif;’
[k azmfjyxm;onf/
‚pmyk'd . f t"dym` ,fudk vufawG@usio fh ;Hk &v#if atmufyg
twkid ;f t"dym` ,fay:ygonf?
31
t*Fvdyfppfwyfrsm; sm; tm;vkH;zs zsuf a&;
ufodrf;a&;? ? t*Fvdyf
ppfwyfrsm; ArmjynfajrjyifwiG f &Sad eor# Armjynf vGwv f yfa&;rSm
vk;H 0t"dym` ,fr&Sad y? Armjynfe,fjcm;umuG,&f ef ok@d r[kwf Armjynf
tpk;d &uku d n l &D ef ponfjzihf t*Fvyd t f pk;d &ujyaom ta=umif;jycsuf
rsm;onf tenf;i,fr# rckid v f akH om ta=umif;jycsurf sm; jzpfayonf?
wk;d cJs@z@JG pnf;xm;aom ArmjynftrsK;d om;wyfrawmfonf jynfwiG ;f
jynfya&;&mrsm;ukd umuG,Ef idk o f nf[k tºuif;rJh ,k=H unfygonf? ok@d
twGuf t*Fvyd pf pfwyfrsm; csucf si;f &kyo f rd ;f atmif vky&f rnf? t*Fvyd f
ppfwyfrsm; &kyfodrf;a&;ukd awmif;qkdcsufvnf; zqyv tzGJ@csKyf
wwd,t}udrfajrmuf OD;pD;tzG J@tpnf;ta0;wGifvnf; azmfjy
xm;onf?
Armjynfudk u|ev f yk x f m;aom e,fcs@J orm;+Adwed Ef iS hf ppfa&;
t& r[mrdwfpmcsKyfvkH;0 rcsKyfqkda&;/ 'kwd,urBmppf}uD; +yD;onfh
aemuf tar&duefe,fcs@J pepfonf urBmukd v$r;f rk;d &ef }udK;pm;ae.?
ol.aemufvkduf wynfhausmfrSm +Adwdo# e,fcsJ@orm; jzpf.?
tar&duef t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J orm;onf urBm'h rD u dk a&pD tiftm;pkrsm;ukd
wku d cf udk af csre_ ;f ae.? ok@d twGuf +Aw d ed Ef iS hf ppfa&;t& r[mrdwpf mcsKyf
csKyfqkdygu urBmh'Drkdua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ukd wkdufckduf&ef tazmf
vkud jf cif; jzpf.? rdrv d wG v f yfa&;ukv d nf; rdrb d mom zsuq f ;D jcif;jzpf.?
Ekid if jH cm;qufo, G af &;wk@d wiG f oD;jcm;uif;vGwaf omay:vpD &S&d
rnf? 'Dru dk a&pD Ekid if rH sm;ESihf r[mrdwzf @JG &rnf? urBm+h idr;f csr;f a&;&&S&d ef
,ltiftdk (urBmu h vk or*~tzG@J csKyf) ukd axmufc&H rnf? toGit f m;jzihf
vGwfvyfa&;ay;+yD; urBmhta&;t&mrsm;wGif Armjynfukd ol.
aemufvu dk jf zpfatmif t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J orm;u vkyv f rd rhf nf? TuJo h @dk
32
rvkyfEkdifatmif ArmjynfwGif EkdifiHwuma&;&mrsm;wGif oD;jcm;
uif;vGwI f 'Dru dk a&pDusaom ay:vpDtwkid ;f vky&f rnf? ok@d ro S m
vk;H 0 vGwv f yfa&;jzpfrnf? Oyrm tif'edk ;D &Sm;/ AD,uferfupd w P @dk wiG f
uk,d x f vd ufa&muf Armjynfu uln&D rnf?
EkdifiHjcm;ukeful;a&;wGif tpkd;&u tkyfcsKyfrnf? ? Ekid if jH cm;
ukeful;a&;wGif tpkd;&u tkyfcsKyfrSom vkH;0vGwfvyfa&;ESifh nDay
vdrrhf nf?
EkdifiHjcm;om; t&if;&Sif}uD;rsm;. pD;yGm;a&; vSnfhpm;r_rsm;ukd
csKyfcs,fa&; &;? ? Armjynfudk toGit f m;jzihf vGwv f yfa&; ay;awmhrnf
jzpf&m ArmhpD;yGm;a&;ukd qufvufjc,fvS,fEkdif&ef ArmxJrS t&if;
tESD;&Sdolrsm;ESifh EkdifiHjcm;om;t&if;&Sif}uD;rsm;. v#dK@0SufpGmpDrHr_ukd
tpk;d &u csKyfjc,f&rnf?
rw&m;aom aºu;+rDrsm;av#mfypfa&;? ? vk;H 0vGwv f yfaom
Armjynf wnfaxmifonfESifh Armjynfaºu;a[mif; 147 ukaÉESifh
tpjyK&ayvdrfhrnf? ‚aºu;+rDrsm;rSm ESpfaygif; 40 ausmf quf+yD;
qyf&ayvdrrhf nf? ‚aºu;+rDrsm;ukd rav#myf pfEidk v f #if Armjynfonf
vGwv f yfa&;&onfqadk omfvnf; (aºu;wifu|ejf zpf) b0u vGwv f yf
rnfr[kw?f
t*Fvdyfpufr_/vufr_ vkyfief;rSefor#ukd wkdif;jynfykdifvkyfypf&rn rnf?
ESpaf ygi;f 100 ausmf Armjynfudk vuf0g;}uD;tkyf aoG;pkyv f mcJah om
vkyif ef;rsm;jzpfI ‚wk@d udk wkid ;f jynfyidk rf vkyEf ikd v
f #if vk;H 0vGwv f yfa&;
&rnfr[kwfay?
t*FvefjynfESifh wef;wlxm;+yD; ESpfOD;ESpfzuf tusdK;&Sdaprnfh
ukeful;oef;a&;qufoG,fr_ pDpOf&ef? ESpfOD;ESpfzuf tusdK;&Sdrnfh
33
qufo, G rf u_ dk wef;wltajcxm;I qufo, G &f efvadk yonf ?
(c) 'D r k d u a&pD t a&;ES i f h wk d i f ; &if ; om;vl r d s K;rsm; uk d , f h = urR m
ukd,fzefwD;a&;?
vlxkaumfrwDonf Armjynfopf.tkwfjrpf jzpf&rnf? AsL&kd
ua&pDonf e,fcs@J peH pf.r¾dKif jzpfayonf? AsL&ku d a&pD. ae&mwGif
vlxak umfrwDrsm;jzihf tkycf sKyfro S mv#if e,fcs@J pepf.vufatmufrS
vkH;0vGwfajrmufI 'Drkdua&pDEkdifiH jzpfvmayrnf? wkdif;jyKjynfjyK
v$wfawmfwGif ,cka&;qGJxm;aom tkyfcsKyfa&;rSm AsL&kdua&pD
taqmufttku H dk rysubf J rlvtwkid ;f yif xm;ayonf? ok@d twGuf
vnf; u|efawmfwkd@ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;u jyifqifcsufoGif;cJhayonf?
ok@d &mwGif z/q/y/v uGejf rLepfn! D w
G af &; r&&Sad o;onft h csed w
f iG f
e,fcs@J orm;ESihf azmufjyefa&;orm;wk@d tok;H cs&ef vufeufay;ovkd
jzpfrnfp;dk I ‚jyifqifcsurf sm;ukd jyefvnf&yk o f rd ;f cJjh cif; jzpfayonf?
AsL&kdua&pDpepf ae&mwGif vlxkaumfrDwDukd tpm;xkd;oifha=umif;
qufvuf0g'jzef@ wku d o
f mG ;rnf jzpfayonf? wkid ;f jynfwiG f vlrsm;pku
vlxk aumfrwDonf tkyfcsKyfa&;.tajccHtkwfjrpf jzpfoifhonf[k
,lq,k=H unfvmaomtcg tkycf sKyfa&;ukd jyifqif&ef jzpfayonf?
wk d i f ; &if ; om;vl r sd K ;rsm; uk d , f h = urR m uk d , f z ef w D ; a&;?
'Drkdua&pDpepf. tajccHtkwfjrpfw&yfrSm wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;
ukd,fh=urRmukd,fzefwD;a&; jzpfayonf? t"dy`m,frSm “ArmEkdifiHukd
wnfaxmif&mY wkid ;f jynftwGi;f &Sd vlrsKd ;wkid ;f u tm;vk;H oabmwl
vGwv f yfpmG wnfaxmif&rnf? Tok@d wnfaxmuf&mYvnf; rdrw d @dk
uH=urRmukd rdrw d @dk bmom rdrzd efw;D cGiahf y;&rnf? (z/q/y/v jynfv;Hk
u|wn f vD mcHq;Hk jzwfcsu)f
34
,ckwidk ;f jyKjynfjyKv$waf wmfrmS oabmwlncD sut f m;jziho f m
zGJ@pnf;xm;&aom v$wfawmfjzpfayonf? wykdif;rSm jynfolvlxk
a&G;aumufwifajrmê ufI usew f ykid ;f rSm acgi;f aqmifa&G;cs,x f m;olrsm;
yg0ifayonf? xkrd w S yg; cGx J uG Ef idk cf iG Ehf iS hf ywfoufIvnf; (10) ESpf
=umrS cG&J rnf? cGcJ siv f #if b,fvrdk cS &JG rnf? ponfjzihf wkid ;f jyKjynfjyK
v$wfawmfu owfrSwfxm;avonf? TtcsufrSm 'Drkdua&pDESifh
qef@usio f jzihf v$waf wmftwGi;f Y u|eaf wmfw@dk u, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;u
jyifqifcsuo f iG ;f cJjh cif; jzpfayonf? ok@d &mwGif z/q/y/v ESihf uGejf rLepf
nD!w G af &; r&So d nft h csed wf iG f e,fcs@J orm;ESifh azmufjyefa&;orm;wk@d
tok;H cs&ef vufeufay;ovkd jzpfaernfp;dk I uGejf rLepfygwu D jyefvnf
&kyo f rd ;f cJah yonf? ok@d &mwGif uk, d =hf urRmuk, d zf efw;D a&;onf 'Dru dk a&pD
pepf tppfjzpfa=umif;ukd wkid ;f jynfvrl sm;rsm;pku vufcv H matmif
}udK;pm;oGm;rnf?
wkid ;f oljynfom;wk@d tm; b0opfxal xmifa&;twGuf ajr&Sif
pepfzsuo f rd ;f a&;ESihf tcsut f csmukex f w k f vkyif ef;rsm;ukd wkid ;f jynfyidk f
vk y f a &;ay:wG i f tajcjyKaom pD ; yG m ;a&; pD r H u d e f ; rsm;tm;jzif h
'Drkdua&pDpepfusaom pD;yGm;a&;pepfudk wnfaxmif&rnf?
ajr&Sipf epfzsuo f rd ;f a&;qk&d mY ajrtm;vk;H ukd tpk;d &u odr;f
,l+yD; v,fvyk o f rl sm;ukd a0iS&efr[kw/f tpk;d &u awmifov l ,form;
tzG@J tpnf;rsm;. tultnDjzihf pkpH rf;+yD; {uta&twGuf owfrw S f
um xko d wfrw S o f nfh {uxuf ykad omajrukd avsmaf =u;ray;bJord ;f I
‚atmufuo dk rd ;f v#if e,fcs@J orm;ESiyhf ;l aygi;f olrsm;rSvI JG avsmaf =u;
ay;&efjzpfonf? ‚ajrrsm;ukd awmifov l ,form;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;.
tultnDjzifh v,fvyk o f rl sm;ukd a0iSay;&ef jzpfonf?
35
ya'o&mZfpepf zsufodrf;a&;? ? 'Drkdua&pDESifh ukd,fh=urRm
uk, d zf efw;D a&;. tajccHw&yfrmS e,fcs@J orm;. tkwjf rpfwckjzpfonhf
apmfbmG ;pepfuo hJ @dk aom ya'o&mZf.tpOftvmrsm;ukd zsuo f rd ;f &ef
jzpfonf? xked ,frsm;ukd wk;d wuf}uD;yGm;vmap&ef tpk;d &u wm0ef
,l&rnf?
vlrsdK;csif;nD!Gwfr_? t*Fvyd w f @kd onf toGit f m;jzihf vGwv f yf
a&;ay;+yD;aemuf wkdif;jynfwGif;&Sd vlrdsK;tcsif;csif; yÉdyuQjzpfap&ef/
vlrsdK;a&;ppfyGJrsm; jzpfap&ef &nf&G,fayonf? ‘a&maxG;,Sufwif
aexkid af om vlenf;pkrsm; bmoma&; ,Ofaus;r_ vGwv f yfa&;ay;+yD;
tcGit hf a&;wef;wlay;&ef vkad yonf?’(z/q/y/v qk;H jzwfcsu)f
txuf y gtcsuf w k d @ rS m z/q/y/v jynf v k H ; u|wf n D v mcH
qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;rS xl;jcm;ay:vGio f nfh tcsurf sm; jzpfygonf?
z/q/y/v tzGJ@csKyf}uD;onf Tvrf;pOftwkdif; aqmif&Guf
oGm;rSomv#if Armjynfonf vk;H 0vGwv f yfaom 'Dru dk a&pDorRwEkid if H
jzpfvmayvdrfhrnf?
(2)
pnf;&kH;a&;t}uHay;csufrsm;
(u) wOD;csif;toif;0ifjcif;?
wOD;csif;taeESifh z/q/y/v tzGJ@csKyfokd@ 0if&rnfrSm vuf&Sd
pnf;rsO;f twkid ;f jzpfayonf?
ygwt D vku d f 0ifciG rhf &S[d al om pnf;rsO;f ukd z/q/y/v twGi;f
uGejf rLepfygw&D pdS Ofu uGejf rLepfygwu D uef@uu G cf ahJ yonf? ok@d &mwGif
,ckygwt D vku d f 0ifciG rhf &Sad p&[laompnf;rsO;f ukd z/q/y/v uGejf rLepf
nD!w G af &;ukd axmufxm;I uGejf rLepfygwo D nf vufccH ahJ yonf?
36
trsm;u rJjzihq f ;Hk jzwfonfuv dk nf; uGejf rLepfygwu D vufc&H ef toifh
&Sad yonf? uGejf rLepfygw0D ifw@dk onf z/q/y/v twGi;f ok@d wOD;csi;f
taejzifh 0if=u&rnf jzpfayonf?
(c) atmufajcrStxuftxd 'Dru dk a&pDenf;t& a&G;aumuf
wifajrêmufjcif;?
Ttcsurf mS vuf&pdS nf;rsO;f twkid ;f jzpfayonf? ok@d &mwGif
od&oavmufrSm z/q/y/v tzGJ@csKyf. tm%mykdiftzGJ@rsm;rSm
a&G;aumufwifajrêmufxm;jcif; r[kwfbJ tcsKd@aomtzGJ@rsm;rSvGJI
rlvzG@J pnf;xm;onfh twkid ;f yif jzpfonf? owfrw S x
f m;aom tcsed f
twGi;f rSerf eS af &G;aumuf wifajrêmufaompepftm;jzihf zG@J pnf;oGm;&ef
vkdayonf?
(*) tm%myk d i f t zG J @ rsm;wG i f wOD ; csif ; toif ; om;rsm;.
udk,fpm;vS,fu 50 &mE_ef; yg0ifjcif;ESifh tzG@J vkduf qufxm;aom
tzG@J rsm;u 50 &mE_ef; yg0ifa&;?
tm%mykdiftzGJ@rsm;qkd&mY aus;&Gm+rdK@e,f c&kdifA[kdOD;pD;tzGJ@
paom z/q/y/v tr_aqmiftzG@J rsm;ukd qkv d adk yonf?
Ttcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufI vuf&Sdpnf;rsOf;t& uef@owf
rxm;ay? TuJhokd@ &Sif;xm;v#if wOD;csif; toif;om;rsm;a&m
tzJ@G vu kd f qufo, G x
f m;olrsm;a&m repfemEkid af y?
(3)
ygwDoD;jcm;vGwfvyfcGifh
uGefjrLepfygwD0ifrsm;onf z/q/y/v tzGJ@csKyftwGif;okd@
wOD;csi;f toif;om;rsm;tjzpf0if+yD; trsm;oabmwl qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk
vufcrH nf jzpfayonf?
37
ok@d &mwGif z/q/y/v tzG@J csKyf}uD;onf vlwef;pm;aygi;f pkH tzG@J
aygi;f pkyH g0ifaom tzG@J }uD;jzpfayonf? TuJo h @dk aom tzG@J onf wygwD
wnf; r[kwaf y? tm;vk;H oabmwlaom vkyif ef;rsm;wGif yl;wGv J yk u f idk f
=urnf rSeaf omfvnf; uk, d thf zG@J uk,
d phf nf;rsO;f uk, d 0hf g' pGe@f vw $ jf cif;
r&SEd idk af y?
ok@d twGuaf =umifh uGejf rLepfygwu D z/q/y/v tzJ@G csKyftwGi;f
ok@d 0if&mY ygwo D ;D jcm;vGwv f yfonfh b0ukd awmif;qkad ejcif; jzpfay
onf?
Armjynf vk;H 0vGwv f yfa&;r&cifEiS hf &+y;D onfw h idk af tmif e,fcs@J
orm;wkd@tm; tav#mhay;vkdolrsm; wkdif;jynf. tiftm;pkrsm;
t=um;0,f &Sdrnfum; rkcsyif jzpfonf? vkH;0vGwfvyfa&;udpPESihf
ywfoufI tavsmrh ay;rSomv#if wu,fv h w G v f yfa&; jzpfonfudk
wkid ;f jynfu owd}u;D pGmESihf tpOfae&ef wkid ;f jynftm; wyfveS @f ay;aezk@d
vkdayonf?
ok@d jzpfI wkid ;f jynfu tiku d rf rdap&ef rSeu f efaom vrf;pOfrS
rwdr;f apmif;ap&atmif wkid ;f jynftm; owday;a&;onf 'Dru dk a&pD
tpOftvmw&yf jzpfayonf?
ok@d twGuaf =umifh Ekid if aH &;vkyif ef;wk@d EiS hf ywfouf+yD; tjyKt&
a0zefjcif;onf wkid ;f jynf. wk;d wuf&mwk;d wufa=umif; jzpfayonf?
xkrd wS yg; toGit f m;jzihf vGwv f yfa&;&apumrl e,fcs@J orm;ESihf
vlxk}uD;.wkdufyGJum; r+yD;qkH;ao;? vlxkvufxJ EkdifiHa&;tm%m
wif;jynfhusyfjynfh a&mufvmonfhtcgtxd r&yfrem; csDwuf&
ayvdrhfrnf?
ok@d jzpfI aemufq;Hk pcef;ok@d csw D uf&ef vlx}k uD;u a&S@aqmif
38
oGm;&ef vkdtyfayonf? okd@twGuf aemufqkH;tm%modrf;&ef
vlxk}uD;jyifqifzkd@ uGefjrLepfygwDu awmif;qkdjcif; jzpfayonf?
tm%modr;f yGq J akd om pum;ESiyfh wfoufI tjcm;ygwrD sm;ukd zsuq f ;D
I uGefjrLepfygwDu olcsnf;tm%mvk&ef[k wcsdK@u t"dy`m,f
aumufaeayonfrmS TuJo h @dk r[kwaf y? trSepf ifppftm;jzihf ‘vlxk
u tm%modr;f ,l&ef jzpfayonf’xkt d csed t
f cgY e,fcs@J qef@usiaf om
ygww
D @dk onf yl;wGJ a&S@aqmifI tm%modr;f ,l+yD; tpk;d & zG@J pnf;rnf
um; rkcsjzpfayonf?
(4)
oabmwlaom vkdvm;csufrsm;
txufwiG f azmfjycJah om tcsurf sm;ukd tajcjyK+y;D ‘oabmwl
vkvd m;csurf sm;’ESihf uGejf rLepfygwo D nf z/q/y/v tzG@J csKyftwGi;f ok@d
vnf;aumif;/ 0ifrnf[k qdx k m;cJah vonf?
‘oabmwlvv dk m;csurf sm;’ qk&d mY csucf si;f vky&f rnfh vkyif ef;
rsm; jzpfayonf?
(1) Armjynftpk;d &onf a&S@tzk@d wiG f wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKv$waf wmf
tm; wm0ef,al p&rnf?
(2) t*Fvyd pf pfwyfrsm; &kyo f rd ;f a&;/ Ekid if t
H oD;oD;ESihf wef;wl
qufo, G af &; ponfw@dk udk vkyo f mG ;&rnf?
(3) Armjynfppfwyf}uD;tm; wk;d cs@J a&;/ csKyfcs,af omOya'rsm;

39
&kyfodrf;a&;/ EkdifiHa&;tusOf;orm;rsm;tm; vGwfa&;/ tvkyform;
v,form;wkd@tm; csufcsif;oufomacsmifcsdapa&;ponfhwkd@ukd
vkyo f mG ;&rnf?
rSwfcsuf? ? wkdif;jyKjynfjyKvGwfawmftrwfrsm;okd@ Armjynf
uGefjrLepfygwD. wkdufwGef;csufpmwrf;/ pmrsufESm 8 rS 10 txd
=unhfyg?
TudprP sm;ukd Armjynf,m,Dtpk;d &u aqmif&u G af eonft h cg
wwkid ;f wjynfv;Hk u tkºH uaxmufcaH e&ef vkad yonf?
txl;ojzihf z/q/y/v tzG@J csKyf}uD;u }uD;rSL;+yD; atmufygw@dk
twGuf vlxw k u
dk yf JG qifEaJ$ eap&ef vkad yonf?
(u) vGwv f yfa&;?& wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKv$waf wmfu a&;qGaJ eaom
tcsKyftjcmorRwEkdifiH xlaxmifa&;ukd vkH;0axmufcHap&ef vkH;0
vGwv f yfa&;ESihf ywfoufI tav#mah y;a&;rjzpfatmif wm;qD;a&;?
c) pnf;vkH;aomArmjyn
(c) aomArmjynf? ? Armjynf tpdwpf w d t
f rGmrGm
rjzpfa&;udk }udK;pm;&rnf? t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ@orm;ESifh tvdkawmf&d.
cGjJ cm;a&; vkyif ef;rsm;ukd wku d cf u
dk &f rnf?
(*) e,fjcm;a'orsm;wGif ? ? 'Drkdua&pDpepf&a&;twGuf
wku d yf rJG sm;ukd axmufc&H rnf?
(C) t&m&Sdqkd;rsm;ESifh t*Fvdyftvdkawmf&dt&m&Sdrsm;ukd
ESdyfuGyf&rnf?
(i) vufeufukdifwyfrsm;wkd;cs@J a&; ? ? wkid ;f &if;om;csn;f ygI
'Drkdua&pDrsm;ay;a&;?
(p) vlrdsK;a&;t"du&k%f;rsm;rjzpfapa&;?
(q) csKyfcs,fxm;aom Oya'rsm;ukd &kyfodrf;a&;?
40
(Z) wkdif;jynfjyefvnfxlaxmifa&; ? ? ajr&Sipf epf zsuo f rd ;f
a&;ESihf tcsut f csmvkyif ef;rsm;ukd wkid ;f jynfyidk v f yk af &; pDruH ed ;f wckudk
wkid ;f jynfu awmif;qkad xmufc&H rnf?
TuJo h @dk wku
d yf }JG uD;rsm; qifEaJ$ epOf avmavmq,f udpP
uav;rsm;twGuf Armjynf,m,Dtpkd;&u aqmif&Gufay;
&rnf? aqmif&Gufray;Ekdifygu tvkyform;/ v,form;
qif;&Jom; jynfov l x l ok nf rdrw d @dk vufiif; vkv d m;csurf sm;
twGuf t*Fvdyfvuf0g;}uD;tkyfrsm; t&if;tESD;jrêyfESH+yD;
ukd,fusdK;&Smolrsm;/ ajr&Sifqkd;rsm;/ t&m&Sdqkd;rsm;ukd wkdufyGJ
qif=u&ayvdrrhf nf?
xktd cgY trsKd ;om;nD!w G af &;wyfaygi;f pk. aoe*F AsL[m
vufeufjzpfom jynfolvlxk. tm;ukd;r_ukd &&Sdaeonfh
,m,Dtpkd;&onf tvkyform; v,form;wkd@ukd umuG,f
ay;&rnf?
‚jyif Armjynf ,m,Dtpk;d &onf TudprP sm;wGif wku d &f u dk f
0ifa&mufpGufzuf+yD; tvkyform; v,form; tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;.
tultnDjzihf jy\emrsm;ukd ajz&Sif;&rnf? wenf;tm;jzihfqkdv#if
jynfov l xl . k avmavmq,f vkv d m;csurf sm;twGuf vlxw k u dk yf u JG
wzuf tpd;k &uwzuf ESpb f uf!yS w f u dk +f yD; wkud yf q JG if&rnf?
wkid ;f jynf. jyefvnfxal xmifa&;wGiv f n;f vlxt k zG@J tpnf;
rsm;. tultnDjzihf aqmif&u G of mG ;&rnf?
Tvrf;twkdif;oGm;v#if vlxkvufxJ tm%ma&mufvm+yD;
vGwv f yfa&;onf taumiftxnftm;jzifh jzpfvmvdrrhf nf?
Tvrf;pOftwkdif;oGm;&ef uGefjrLepfygwDonf z/q/y/v
41
tzG@J csKyftwGi;f ok@d vnf;aumif;/ ,m,Dtpk;d &twGi;f ok@d vnf;aumif;
0ifvadk yonf?
,m,Dtpk;d &tzG@J onf trsKd ;om;nD!w G af &;wyfaygi;f pk aoe*F
AsL[mvufeufwck jzpfonfukd uGefjrLepfygwDu ,kH=unfa=umif;
A[kad umfrwD qk;H jzwfcsuw f iG f yg&+dS yD; jzpfayonf?
uGefjrLepfygwDu wifjyaom tcsufwkd@onf nD!Gwfa&;ukd
u,fwifwnfaqmufEidk +f yD; vk;H 0vGwv f yfa&;onf taumiftxnf
tm;jzihf jzpfvmvdrrhf nf[k ,k=H unfayonf?
&kad oav;pm;vsuf
oef;xGe;f
A[kad umfrwD
42
pmtrSwf(2)
25-8-47 ae@pGJESifh z/q/y/v tzGJ@csKyfrS ArmjynfuGefjrLepf
ygwo
D @dk jyefpm
ocifoef;xGe;f
uGefjrLepfygwDrSykd@vkdufaompmukd oufqkdif&myk*~dKvfrsm;.
vufxo J @dk xnfv
h u dk pf Ofu nD!wG af &;twGuf tjrifus,u f s,xf m;I
oabmxm;}uD;=uyg[k u|eaf wmfarwWm&yfcv H ydk gonf?
,cktcgwGif tqkdygoufqkdifolrsm;xHrS uGefjrLepfygwDokd@
jyef=um;pmay;yk@d +yD;jzpf&m a&S;uajymouJo h @dk yif nD!w G af &;twGuf
tjrifus,fus,fxm;I oabmxm;}uD;=uyg[k uGefjrLepfygwD.
tm%mykid rf sm;ukd u|eaf wmfarwWm&yfcH vkyd gonf?
ocifEk
25-8-47
zufqpfqef@usiaf &;jynfo@l vw G vf yfa&;tzG@J csKyf

XmecsKyf/ trSw8f - uk, d rf if;uk,
d cf si;f vrf;? &efuek +f rdK@?
ae@pJG 25-8-57
ocifEck ifAsm;
ta=umif;t&m? ? zqyv uGejf rLepfn! D wG af &;?
txufygupd EP iS yhf wfoufI ocifEx k rH wS qifh ay;yk@d vudk af om
43
uGejf rLepfygw. D 14 - 8 - 47 ae@pyJG gpmukd &&Syd gonf? z/q/y/v
tzG@J csKyf}uD;onf nD!w G af &;ukd w&m;r#wpGm wnfaqmufaeaom
tzGJ@csKyf}uD; jzpfonfESifhtnD nD!Gwfa&; &&m&a=umif;twGuf
tcsed =f umjrifph mG ,lI aqG;aEG;=u+y;D atmufygtwkid ;f 2 ykid ;f cGI J zqyv
nD!w G af &; oabmxm;ukd jyef=um;tyfyga=umif;?
(u) uGefjrLepfrsm;. nD!Gwfa&;tajccH tcsufrsm;ESifh
ywfoufI zqyv tzG@J csKyf. oabmxm;?
(c) zqyv tzG@J csKyf. nD!w G af &;tajccHcsurf sm;?
uGejf rLepfrsm;u nD!w G af &;tajccH tcsurf sm;tjzpfjzifh tcsuf
3 csuu f dk wifjyxm;ygonf? ‚teuf eHygwf (1) tcsut f jzpfjzihf
‘1946 Zefe0g&v D zqyv jynfv;Hk u|wn f v D mcH}uD;rS csrw S cf ahJ om
qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;ukd tajccH&ef’ [k yg&ydS gonf? Ttcsurf mS txl;
ajym&efrvkd zqyv tzG@J csKyf. &nfreS ;f csut f jzpfjzifh ‚qk;H jzwfcsuf
rsm;ukyd if owfrw S x
f m;&krH u zqyv tpk;d &tzG@J uv dk nf; ‚qk;H jzwf
csurf sm;ukd tajccHjyK&ef !$e=f um;xm;yg+yD jzpfygonf?
uGejf rLepfrsm;u xdk eHygwf (1) tcsuu f dk t"dym` ,f&iS ;f &mY
tykid ;f 3 ykid ;f cGxJ m;ygonf?
yxrykdif;rSm vkH;0vGwfvyfa&; jzpfygonf? Trlukd zqyv
tzGJ@csKyf pwifwnfaxmifonfrSpI vkH;0vufcHcJh+yD; jzpfygonf?
nDvmcHtoD;oD; xkwjf yefa=unmcsut f rsKd ;rsKd ;jzihvf n;f ckid rf matmif
jycJ+h y;D jzpfygonf? ok@d aomf t"dym` ,fjyefqcdk surf sm;ESihf ywfoufI tcsK@d
tcsurf sm;wGif vufawG@}uKH&rnfh udprP sm;udk tajccHxm;I xyfrH
&Si;f vif; aqG;aEG;&ef vkyd gonf?
Oyrmtm;jzihf olwkd@.pmt& ‘t*Fvdyfppfwyfrsm; tm;vkH;
44
&kyof rd ;f a&; ’ qkad om tyk'd af tmufwiG f ‘wd;k cs@J xm;aom Armjynf
trsKd ;om;wyfrawmfonf jynfwiG ;f jynfya&;&mrsm;ukd umuG,Ef idk f
onf[k tºuif;rJh ,k=H unfygonf’ [k qkx d m;ygonf?
TtcsuEf iS hf ywfoufI zqyv .oabmxm;rSm ‘t*Fvyd f
ppfwyfrsm; ArmjynfwiG f vk;H 0r&Srd S Armjynfonf wu,fv h w G v f yf
onf. tjzpfudk &rnf[k ,k=H unfonf? ,k=H unfonft h wkid ;f vn;f
t*Fvyd pf pfwyfrsm; tm;vk;H &kyo f rd ;f a&;ukd txl;ta&;qkd aqmif&u G f
vsu&f o dS jzihf t*Fvyd pf pfwyfrsm; jyefvnf&yk o f rd ;f ae&+yD jzpfygonf?
ok@d aomf ‘wk;d cs@J z@JG pnf;xm;aom ArmjynftrsKd ;om;wyfrawmf
onf jynfwiG ;f udpt P wGuf xm;rlI jynfya&;&mrsm;ukd umuG,Ef idk f
onf[k tºuif;rJ, h =Hk unfonf[k uGejf rLepfrsm;a&;om;csuu f u dk m;
tºuif;rJv h ufcEH idk rf nf r[kwaf cs? tu,fI uGejf rLepfrsm;u jynfy
a&;&mqk&d mwGif vlO;D a& 17 oef; &Sad om Armjynfudk oef;aygi;f 350
- 400 &Sad om w&kwjf ynf/ tdE, dN jynfEiS hf usevf ufeufuikd f Ekid if }H uD;
wckcu k wku d cf u dk v
f mcJah omf umuG,Ef idk o f nf[k qkcd v hJ #if tH=h op&m
jzpfaeygonf? okd@aomf t*Fvdyfppfwyfrsm;tm;vkH; ArmjynfrS
&kyo
f rd ;f a&;udk zqyv tzG@J csKyfonf wduspmG aqmif&u G v f su&f o dS nf?
aqmif&u G v f rd rhf nfuu dk m; xyfavmif;ajymqkyd gonf?
'kwd,ykdif;rSm 'Drkdua&pDa&; jzpfygonf? Trlonf zqyv
tzG@J csKyfryS ifjzpfI txl;a&;&efrvk?d ok@d aomf vufawG@vyk if ef;um;
ywf0ef;usift& vkyf&jcif; jzpf.? acwfwacwfausmfI tvkyfukd
vkyI f &rnf r[kwaf cs?
wwd,tykid ;f rSm wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; uk, d =hf urRmuk, d zf efw;D
a&; jzpfonf?
45
TrlrmS vnf; zqyv tzG@J csKyf.rlyif jzpfavonf? ok@d aomf
uGejf rLepfrsm;u ,ckwidk ;f jyKjynfjyKv$waf wmfwiG f vlxu k a&G;aumuf
wifajrêmufaom ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tjyif acgif;aqmifa&G;cs,fxm;
olrsm; ygonf[k a0zefxm;ygonf? awmifwef;a'o uk, d pf m;vS,f
rsm;ukd qkv d [ dk efwo l nf? xkad 'orsm;wGif xko d @dk jzpf&jcif;rSm (1) tcsed f
jrefvrdk ?_ (2) oufqidk &f ma'o&Sd vlx. k Ekao;aomynmESihf tod
w&m;&Srd _ (3) oufqidk &f m a'otm%mykid w f @dk . vGr;f rk;d jcif; }uD;rm;r_
rsm;a=umifyh if jzpfavonf?
aemufwcsurf mS ‘q,fEpS =f umrS cG&J rnf’ qkcd suu f dk a0zefjcif;
jzpfonf? TtcsufESifhywfoufI em;vnf&efrSm Armjynfru
‚tcsufukd twif;tusyfxnfhoGif;ckdif;cJhonf r[kwf? twif;
tusyx f nfo h iG ;f Ekid cf iG v
hf nf; r&Sad y/ oufqidk &f ma'orsm;u 'Dru dk a&pD
pepft& ‚wk@d oabmus}udKufEpS o f ufojzihf uef@owfxm;jcif;om
jzpfavonf? rnfou l r# wzufowf ruef@owfc?hJ xkad =umifh ‚
pum; tokH;tE_ef;rsdK;onf wkdif;&if;om;csif; nD!Gwfr_ukd uGJtuf
atmif um,uHajrmufvyk o f nfEiS rhf jcm; jzpfvsu&f adS vonf?
uset f csurf sm;rSm a,bk,stm;jzihf zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS vufcH
owfrw S +f yD;aom rlrsm;jzpfI txl;ra&;vkad wmh?
uGejf rLepfrsm;. eHygwf 2 tajccHtcsurf mS zqyv pnf;&k;H
a&;ESihf oufqidk yf gonf?
zqyv tzGJ@csKyf. vuf&SdzGJ@pnf;ykHpnf;rsOf; Oya'rsm;onf
uGefjrLepfygwDukd zqyv tzGJ@csKyfrS rxkwfy,frDuyif trsm;
oabmwl a&;qGJtwnfjyKcJhygonf? xkdpnf;rsOf;rsm; a&;qGJpOfu
‚wkd@vnf; tygt0ifjzpfcJhonf? trSefpifppf zqyv zGJ@pnf;ykH
46
pnf;rsO;f Oya'rsm;onf tacsmiform;ESihf avmufaumifrsm; r0ifEidk f
atmif aocsmpGmpdppfa&;qGx J m;jcif; jzpfygonf? tu,fI jyifqif&ef
vkod nfqu dk ‚udprP mS jynfv;Hk u|wn f v
D mcHuom tm%mykid jf zpfI
‚nDvmcHwiG f wifoiG ;f jyifqif&efyif jzpfygonf?
eHygwf 3 tajccHtcsurf mS uGejf rLepfygwD oD;jcm;vGwv f yfciG yhf if
jzpfygonf?
ud, k t hf zG@J u, dk phf nf;rsO;f uk,
d 0fh g'ukd pGe@f vw
$ &f ef zqyv tzG@J
csKyfonf rnfonft h zG@J ygwrD S rawmif;qkcd ahJ y? oD;jcm;vGwv f yfciG u hf kd
wjcm;ygwrD sm;tm; ay;ovkd uGejf rLepfrsm;tm;vnf; ay;rnfjzpfonf
ok@d aomf wckaom ¹cif;csuu f m; rnforl qdk rnfonft h zG@J ygwrD qkd
zqyv ESihf nD!w G pf mG aqmif&u G rf nf[k uwdjyK+yD; nD!w G pf mG
aqmif&u G af epOftwGi;f rdrw d @dk tygt0ifjzpfaom zqyv wGif trsm;
oabmwl qk;H jzwfcahJ omvkyif ef;rsm;ESihf ywfoufI tjyifpifjrihEf iS hf
pme,fZif;tp&So d nfrsm;rS a0zefyw k cf wfrr_ sm;uku d m; vufcv H rd rhf nf
r[kwaf cs?
TudpPESifhywfoufI &Sif;&efrSm zqyv onf wzGJ@wygwDf
r[kwf wyfOD;}uD; jzpfonf? zqyv tzGJ@wGif yg0ifaom olwkdif;
tzGJ@wkdif;tm; rdrdwkd@vkdtifqENt& &mckdifE_ef;usyfjynfh aqmif&Guf
ay;r_r&Swd idk ;f tcGit hf a&;ukd tok;H jyKcGi&hf =uv#if zqyv tzG@J csKyfonf
ae@csi;f ncsi;f yif +ydKuG&J rnfrmS rvGjJ zpfavonf? vlrsKd ;rsm; vlwef;pm;
tzGJ@rsm; woD;yk*~vrsm; pkpkaygif;yg0ifaom tzGJ@rsdK;wGif wOD;
wa,muftzG@J . qENtjynft h 0um; r&Ekid ?f jcm;em;aomolrsm; pka0;
aygif;pnf; Ekdifjcif;onfyifv#if wOD;wnf;aomoabm rvkyfEkdifbJ
wzufEiS w hf zuf r#wpGmav#mah y;!SEd i_d ;f jcif;a=umifh jzpfonft h jzpfudk
47
rSefuefpGmjrifEkdifu nD!GwfzGJ@pnf;+yD;aemuf wzGJ@wygwDonf rdrd
tvku d s rjzpfwidk ;f tjyiftyrS a0zefaev#if xkt d zG@J onf rnfuo hJ @dk
qufvufn! D w
G pf mG vkyo f mG ;Edik zf ,G f &Srd nfenf;?
ok@d aomf zqyv tzG@J csKyf. wk;d wufrt _ wGuu f m; tzG@J csKyf0if
taygi;f wk@d onf twGi;f wGif vGwv f yfpmG aqG;aEG; a0zefEidk cf iG hf &Sod nf?
rdrd,kH=unfcsufukd usefvlrsm;vufcHvmEkdifatmif ajymEkdifqkdEkdifcGifh
&So
d nf?
usef ‘oabmwlvv kd m;csurf sm; ’qkad omtcsurf sm;wGif wcsK@d
tcsufukd u|efawmfwkd@ jywfom;pGm em;rvnfyg? Oyrmtm;jzihf
‘Armjynfonf a&S@tzk@d wiG f wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKv$waf wmftm; wm0ef,l
ap&rnf’ [k qkjd cif;onf ,ckvw G vf yfa&;Oya'=urf; wifoiG ;f r+y;D rDudk
qkv d ydk goavm? ppfwyf&yk o f rd ;f a&;onf xkt d wkid ;f yif jzpfaeygonf?
ppfwyfupd rP l zqyv oabmxm;ukd wae&mwGif azmfjy+yD; jzpfyg
onf?
Armjynfppfwyf}uD;tm; wk;d cs@J a&;udu k m; Armjynfb¾ma&;
tajctaetvku d f wk;d cs@J &ef qk;H jzwf+y;D jzpfonf? Ekid if +H ird 0f yfyjd ym;a&;ukd
taxmuftxm;jyKI csKyfcs,faomOya'rsm;ukd aqmif&Guf&ef
qk;H jzwf+yD; jzpfonf? tvkyo f rm; v,form;wk@d csucf si;f oufom
acsmifcsrd t _ wGuf pDru H ed ;f rsm; Oya'rsm;vkyI f aqmif&u G v f su&f o dS nf?
useftcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufI tcsdK@udpPrsm;rSm vkyf+yD;vkyf
vsujf zpf+yD; tcsKd @upd rP sm;rSm tajctaet&vky&f ef qk;H jzwfxm;+yD;
jzpfonf?
avmavmq,f udpPuav;rsm;ESifh avmavmq,fvkdvm;
csurf sm;twGuf vlxw k u dk yf u JG wzuf/ tpk;d &uwzuf/ ESpb f uf!yS f
48
wkdufonfh y&d,m,fukd zqyv tzGJ@csKyfonf a&S;uyif vkyfcJh.?
,ckvnf; vkyv f su&f adS vonf?
txufygta=umif;t&mrsm;onf uGefjrLepfrsm;. tajccH
tcsurf sm; t"dym` ,f,q l ykrH sm;ESihf ywfoufI zqyv tzG@J csKyf.
oabmxm;rsm; jzpfygonf?
zqyv tzGJ@csKyf.nD!Gwfa&;tajccHtcsufrsm;
atmufygtcsufrsm;onf zqyv tzGJ@csKyf. nD!Gwfa&;
tajccHtcsurf sm; jzpfygonf?
1? nD!Gwfa&;onf tajymjzihfrwnfaqmufEkdif ta&;jzifh
rwnfaqmufEidk f tvkyjf ziho f m wnfaqmufEidk o f nf? Akv d cf sKyftrSL;
&Sdaom zqyv acgif;aqmif}uD;rsm;onf tvkyfjzihf wnfaqmuf
EkdifcJhojzihf urBmwGif*k%f,lavmufonfh nD!Gwfr_ukd &cJh=uonf?
zqyv onf vlx/k vlxo k nf zqyv jzpfI cGI J r&atmif nD!w G f
vsuf &Sdonf? xkd@a=umifh uGefjrLepfrsm;onf wu,fhwu,f
pdwfaumif;apwemrsdK;jzihf nD!Gwfa&;ukd vdkvm;v#if rdrdwkd@jzLpif
oef@&Sif;aom qENukd tvkyfjzihf jyoifhavonf? xkdtcsufESifh
ywfoufI uGejf rLepfrsm;onf rdrw d @dk ya,m* rdrw
d @dk zefw;D r_rsm;a=umifh
jzpfay:vmaom zqyv vkyif ef;pOfenf;y&d,m,frsm;ESihf qef@usif
aeonfh qlylaomif;usef;r_taygif;. r+idrfroufr_taygif;/ zefwD;
vku d rf t
_ aygi;f ukd &yfpyJ pf&rnf jzpfavonf?
2? Armjynf. vGwv f yfa&;wk;d wufr_ &kyt f ajctaeonfyif
zqytv . enf;y&d,m,freS u f efa=umif;u vufawG@jyoaeonf
jzpfI uGejf rLepfrsm;u zqyv . enf;y&d,m,freS u f efa=umif;ukd
todtrSwjf yK&rnfjzpfa=umif;?
49
3? zqyv . acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm; csay;oGm;aom vrf;pOf
aoe*FAsL[mESifh enf;y&d,m,ftwkdif; waoGrwdrf; vkdufem
aqmif&u G o f mG ;&rnfjzpfa=umif;?
4? nD!w G rf &_ ,l+y;D onfh tcsed rf pS I a0zefrr_ sm;ukd twGi;f Yom
vGwv f yfpmG a0zefI tjyifwiG f a0zefjcif;rsm;ukd vk;H 0a&Smif=uOf&rnf
jzpfa=umif;?
5? nD!w G af &; ,l+yD;onfah emuf zqyv . qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;
twkid ;f vku d ef mI taumiftxnfjzpfatmif vkyaf qmifomG ;&rnf
jzpfa=umif;?
zqyv tzG@J csKyf. &nf&, G cf suEf iS hf vkyif ef;pOfaoe*FAsL[mESihf
enf;y&d,m,frsm;rSm xif&mS ;+yD;jzpfI txl;a&;om; azmfjy&ef rvkd
awmhacs?
tvkyjf zihf nD!w G af &;ukd wnfaqmuf=uygp@dk ?
av;pm;pGmjzihf
ykH - baqG
zqyvtzG@J csKyf?
ocifEk
0ef}uD;csKyf
Armjynf,m,Dtpk;d &?
50
pmtrSwf(3)
8-9-47 ae@pG J E S i h f Armjynf u G e f j rLl e pf y gwD r S zqyv
tzG@J csKyfokd@ay;pm
ok@d
ocifEck ifAsm;
pmrae@uwnf;u a&;+yD;aew,f? rae@uwnf;u ykd@zkd@bJ?
enf;enf;yg;yg; jyifqifjznfah ewmeJ@ 'Dae@rS yk@d &w,f?
pmxJrSm u|efawmfwkd@ &ufcsdef;zkd@ wkdufwGef;xm;wm awG@&
vdrrhf ,f? ocifEw k @dk u u|eaf wmfw@dk udk csed ;f xm;rSe;f vJ rodb;l ? rae@
nurS u|eaf wmfw@dk udk csed ;f xm;rSe;f odw,f? 'Dawmh u|eaf wmfw@dk pmukd
aoaocsmcsmzwf+yD;rS aqG;aEG;apcsiw f ,f? u|eaf wmfw@dk pm zwf+yD;wJh
aemuf Ak'[ < ;l ae@rmS ocifEw k @dk aqG;aEG;zk@d tqifoifjh zpf&if u|eaf wmf
vmcJrh ,f?
'Dpmukjd yefz@dk &m u|eaf wmfw@dk tcsed =f umoGm;w,f? ocifEu k
u|efawmfwkd@qDukd a&;vkdufwJhtwkdif; av;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;ae
&w,f? 'ga=umifh =umoGm;wmbJ? u|efawmfwkd@pm zwfwJhtcgrSm
ocifEk wckawG@vrd rhf ,f/ nD!w G af &;twGuf pawG@uwnf;u xpfae
wJh a0zefr_udpPESifhywfouf+yD; u|Ekfyfwkd@av#mhay;xm;wm awG@&
vdrrhf ,f? wkid ;f jynfrmS ,ckvdk ta&;}uD;aewJh tcsed rf mS 'Dvdk tepfem
cHoifw h ,fv@dk u|eaf wmfw@dk ,lqw,f? 'g[m nD!w G af &;ukd u|eaf wmf
51
wk@d t&,lcsiv f @dk y?J
tJ'v
D dk u|eaf wmfw@dk pmukd pOf;pm;wJt h cgrmS ocifEw k @dk bufu
av#mhay;p&m&Sdv#ifvJ av#mhay;vdrfhr,fvkd@ u|efawmfwkd@ ar#mfvihf
ygw,f?
pmukzd wfwt hJ cgrmS u|eaf wmftxl;awmif;yefcsiw f m wck&dS
w,f? avmurSm rrSm;wJv h l r&Sb
d ;l ? trSm;ukad wmh tenf;ESit hf rsm;
vky=f uwmyJ? trSm;vkyw f mu tjypfr[kwb f ;l ? trSm;ukrd jyifwm[m
tjypfy?J 'gudk ocifEk oabmwlvrd rhf ,fv@dk u|eaf wmf,=Hk unfw,f?
b,folu b,fwkef;u b,fvkdtjypfawG vkyfw,fqkd+yD;
ta[mif;taqG;awG jyefazmf&ifawmh qk;H awmhrmS r[kwb f ;l ? oGm;&
r,fhc&D;vnf; a&mufawmhrSm r[kwfbl;? tckudpPuawmh tckvkd
ta&;}uD;wJhtcsdefrSm b,favmufnD!GwfcsifovJ/ b,fvkda&S@ukd
twlwpl cef;oGm;rvJqw dk m ta&;t}uD;qk;H yJ?
tJ'ga=umifh ta[mif;taqG;awGudk t&if;tjrpfu razmf=ubJ
a&S@ub dk ,fvv dk yk rf vJ qkw d ohJ abmeJ@ pOf;pm;&atmif/ ocifEk tpGr;f &Sd
or# tpGr;f ukef }udK;pm;vdrrhf ,fv@dk txl;ar#mv f ifyh gw,f?
ykH oef;xGe;f /
9-9-47
pmtrSwf 424 - 264 - A - u 47 ae@pJG 8 - 9 - 47

zqyv tzG@J csKyf
OuUX ok@d
&kad oav;pm;pGm
zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w
G af &;ESiyfh wfoufI zqyv tzG@J csKyf
52
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;. 25-8-47 ae@pEJG iS hf ay;yk@d pmukd 26 - 8 -
47 ae@wiG f &&Syd ga=umif;?
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD A[kad umfrwDv}l uD;rsm;onf wm0efEiS hf
e,fo@dk xGuaf e=uygojzihf zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS jyef=um;pmukd csucf si;f
aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwf+yD; rjyef=um;Ekid af oma=umifh txl;0rf;enf;ygonf?
xkrd wS yg; zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS jyef=um;pmwGif av;av;eufeuf
pOf;pm;&rnfh tcsurf sm; yg0ifaeojzihf ‚wk@d udk A[dak umfrwDu tcsed f
,l+yD; pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&ef vko d nft h wGuf pmjyef=um;&ef =uef@=umcJh
ayonf?
TuJo h @dk tcsed ,f I
l av;av;eufeufpOf;pm;+y;D jyef=um;jcif;jzifh
ykdrkdckdif+rJaom tajccHjzihf nD!Gwfa&;ukd wnfaqmufEkdifvdrfhrnf[k
,k=H unfygonf? Ttcsuu f vdk nf; zqyv tzG@J csKyf acgi;f aqmifrsm;
oabmayguv f rd rfh nf[k ar#mv f ifyh gonf?
zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS jyef=um;pmukd A[kad umfrwDu (5 - 9 -
47) ae@wiG f aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwf+yD;aemuf atmufygtwkid ;f jyef=um;tyf
yga=umif;?
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef; trSL;jyKaom trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}u;D rsm;
vky}f uHc&H +yD;aemuf Armwjynfv;Hk r}uKHz;l aom tusyt f wnf;ok@d
usa&mufcahJ y&m zqyv/ uGejf rLepf nD!w G af &;omv#if wckwnf;
aom xGu&f yfvrf; jzpfayonf? wwkid ;f wjynfv;Hk uvnf; zqyv
uGefjrLepfnD!Gwfa&;ukd vkdvm;awmifhwcsufESifh avsmfnDpGm ESpfOD;
ESpzf ufaom acgi;f aqmifw@dk onf nD!w G af &;ukt d &,l&ef }udK;yrf;cJh
onfrmS 2 v eD;yg; &Scd ahJ y+yD? 2 OD; 2 zufpvk;H oabmxm;}uD;}uD;
xm;+yD; nD!w G af &;udk }udK;yrf;cJ=h u&mnD!w G af &;Y wae@wjcm;eD;pyf
53
vm+yDrmS ,krH mS ;zG,&f m tv#i;f r&Syd g?
(2)
zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w G af &;ESihf ywfoufI tajccHtcsuf
3 csuu f dk igw@dk u wifjyxm;onfEiS hf ywfoufI zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS
jyef=um;pmonf nD!w G af &;ukd jzpfajrmufapEkid af om pmjzpfonf[k
,k=H unfygonf?
igw@dk wifjyaom tajccHtcsuf 3 csuf ukv d nf; zqyv tzG@J
csKyfonf av;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;+yD;onfah emuf nD!w G af &;ukad &S;±_
I jyef=um;xm;onf[k ,k=H unfygonf?
nD!Gwfa&;. yxrtajccHtjzpfjzifh 1946 ck Zefe0g&Dv
zqyv jynfv;Hk u|wn f v D mcH}uD;u csrw S cf ahJ om qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;ukd
tajccH&ef[k igwkd@wifjyonfESihf ywfoufI ‘zqyv tzGJ@csKyf.
&nfreS ;f csut f jzpfjzihf ‚qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;ukyd if owfrw S x f m;&krH u
zqyv tpk;d &tzG@J uv dk nf; ‚qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;ukyd if tajccHjyK&ef
!$e=f um;xm;+y;D jzpfygonf?’ [k zqyv tzG@J csKyu f jyef=um;xm;ay&m
Ekid if aH &;&nf&, G cf surf sm;ESihf ywfoufI a,bk,soabmwlncD suu f dk
&+yD[k qkdEkdifygonf? ‚qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd vufawG@vkyfukdif&mY
omv#if tao;pdwfrsm;ukd tjyefjyeftvSefvSef !SdE_dif;oabmwl
qk;H jzwfvyk u f idk of mG ;zk@d om &Syd gonf?
nD!w G af &;. 'kw, d tajccHtcsut f jzpf zqyv tpnf;t&k;H
a&;ESihf ywfoufaom tcsurf sm;ukd igw@dk u wifjyxm;&m ‘tu,fI
jyifqif&efvkdonfqkdu ‚udpPrSm jynfvkH;u|wfnDvmcHwGifom
tm%mykid jf zpfI ‚nDvmcHwiG f wifoiG ;f jyifqif&efom jzpfonf’[k
zqyv tzGJ@csKyfu jyef=um;xm;ay&m Ttcsufukd igwkd@vkH;0
54
vufcyH gonf?
nD!w G af &;. wwd,tajccHtcsut f jzpfjzihf ‘uGejf rLepfygw. D
oD;jcm;vGwv f yfciG ’fh ukd igw@dk u awmif;qkx d m;&m ‘uk, d thf zG@J uk,d fh
pnf;rsOf; ukd,fh0g'ukd pGef@vGwf&ef zqyv tzG@J csKyfonf rnfonfh
tzG@J tpnf; rnfonfyh gwu D rdk # rawmif;qkcd ahJ y/ oD;jcm;vGwv f yfciG u hf dk
wjcm;ygwDrsm;tm; ay;ovkd uGefjrLepfygwDtm;vnf; ay;rnf
jzpfonf’ [lI zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS jyef=um;xm;onfrmS twkid ;f xuf
tvGeaf umif;rGeaf yonf? nD!w G af &;wyfaygi;f pk wnfaqmuf&mwGif
TuJo h @dk tajccHtm;jzifh wnfaqmufro S mv#if wnf+rJEidk af yrnf?
‘ok@d aomf wckaom¹cif;csuu f m; rnforl qkd rnfonft h zG@J
ygwrD qkd zqyv ESihf nD!w G pf mG aqmif&u G rf nf[k uwdjyK
+yD;I nD!GwfpGm aqmif&GufpOftwGif; rdrdwkd@tygt0if
jzpfaom zqyv wGif trsm;oabmwl qkH;jzwfcJhaom
vkyfief;rsm;ESifh ywfoufI tjyifpifjrifhESifh pme,fZif;tp
&So
d nfrsm;rS a0zefyw k cf wfru _ u dk m; vufcrH nfr[kwaf cs?’
[laom zqyv tzGJ@csKyf. jyef=um;csufukd igwkd@av;av;
eufeuf pOf;pm;cJhayonf? vllxka&S@arSmufwGif vGwfvyfpGm a0zef
EkdifcGifh[laom igwkd@.awmif;qkdcsufESifh ywfoufI zqyv .
¹cif;csurf mS trSepf ifppftm;jzihf uGejf rLepfygwD oD;jcm;uif;vGwo f nfh
b0ukd wenf;wzkt H m;jzihf xdcu dk yf gonf? ok@d &mwGif wwkid ;f wjynfv;Hk
tusyt f wnf;awG@aeaom Ttcsed w f iG f wkid ;f jynf.tusKd ;ukd a&S@&I _
igw@dk vufcaH yonf? zqyv tzG@J csKyf. ¹cif;csuu f dk vufcjH cif;jzihf igw@dk
onf wkid ;f jynf. tusKd ;twGuf tepfemcHjcif; jzpfayonf?
TuJhokd@ tepfemcHonfhoabmukdvnf; zqyv tzGJ@csKyf
55
acgi;f aqmifrsm;u em;vnfvrd rhf nf[k ,k=H unfygonf?
nD!w G af &;wyfaygi;f pktwGi;f wGif oabmwlnaD om vkyif ef;
rsm;ukd twlwuG vkyEf idk af epOf tcsi;f csi;f wku d cf u dk jf cif;rjyK& rykwf
cwf&[laomoabmonfyif uGejf rLepf. ‘rl’wck jzpfygonf?
‘vGwfvyfpGm a0zefEkdifcGifh&Sd&rnf’ [laomtcsufukd igwkd@
awmif;qkdaejcif;rSm tcsif;csif;wkdufckduf qJa&;ykwfcwf&eftwGuf
r[kw?f igw@dk . xifjrif,q l csuu f kd vlxu k vufcv H matmif }udK;pm;
Ekid cf iG hf vlx. k a&S@arSmufwiG f tjyKoabmjzihf wifjyEkid cf iG u hf dk awmif;qkd
jcif; jzpfayonf?
qk;H jzwfcsuf rjyK&ao;aomudpw P ckEiS hf ywfoufI ‚udpu P dk
qk;H jzwfjcif;rjyKrD zqyv tzG@J csKyfwckv;Hk u vufcv H matmif tjyif
pifjrifEh iS hf pme,fZif;wk@d rS }udK;pm;Ekid o f nf[k ‘uk, d t hf zG@J uk, d phf nf;rsO;f
uk, d 0hf g'ukd pGe@f vw $ &f ef zqyv tzG@J csKyfonf rnfonft h zG@J tpnf;
rnfonfhygwDukdrS rawmif;qkdcJhay’ [laom zqyv tzGJ@csKyf.
jyef=um;pmt& igw@dk em;vnfygonf? TuJo h @dk tcGit hf a&;rSmvnf;
'Dru dk a&pDtpOftvmwk@d EiS hf uku d n f aD yonf?
xk@d a=umifv h nf; zqyv tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifw@dk EiS hf aqG;aEG;
pOfuvnf; qkH;jzwfcsufwck csrSwfjcif;rjyKrD rdrdwkd@. xifjrifcsuf
t,ltqukd vlxku vufcHvmatmif vkyfEkdifonf[k zqyv
acgi;f aqmifrsm;u ajymcJjh cif; jzpfayonf/
ok@d jzpfI udpw P ckEiS yhf wfoufI ‘uGejf rLepftygt0ifjzpfaom
zqyv wGif trsm;oabmwl qkH;jzwfcJhaom vkyfief;rsm;ESifh
ywfoufI tjyifpifjrifEh iS phf me,fZif; tp&So d nfw@dk rS a0zefyw k cf wf
jcif;rjyK&’ [laomtcsuu f dk uGejf rLepfygwu D vufcaH yonf/
56
tu,fI udpo P nf qk;H jzwf+yD;jzpfapumrl xkq d ;Hk jzwfcahJ om
tzG@J xuf}u;D onfh tm%mykid t f zG@J u jyefvnf pOf;pm;ap&ef tcsurf mS
'Drkdua&pDtpOftvmw&yf jzpfayonf? Oyrm tvkyftr_aqmif
tzGJ@. qkH;jzwfcsufukd OD;pD;tzGJ@u jyefvnfpOf;pm;&ef OD;pD;tzGJ@.
qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jynfv;Hk u|wn f v D mcHobifu jyefvnfpOf;pm;&efw@dk udk
qkdvdkonf? TtcsufrSm zqyv tzGJ@csKyf. pnf;rsOf;twkdif;
jzpfayonf?
ok@d jzpfI
‘okd@aomf zqyv tzGJ@csKyf. wkd;wufr_twGufum; tzGJ@
csKyf0iftaygi;f wk@d onf twGi;f wGif vGwv f yfpmG aqG;aEG; a0zef
Ekid cf iG hf &So
d nf? rdrw d @dk ,=Hk unfcsuu f dk usev f rl sm;u vufcv H m
atmif ajymEkid q f Edk idk cf iG hf &So
d nf?’
[laomtcsurf mS txl;avsmu f efoihjf rwfayonf? ok@d twGuf
a=umifh trsm;oabmwl qk;H jzwfcahJ om vkyif ef;rsm;ESihf ywfoufI
tjyifpifjrifEh iS phf me,fZif; tp&So d nfrsm;rS a0zefyw k cf wfru_ dk igw@dk onf
jyKvdrrhf nfr[kw?f zqyv tzG@J csKyftwGi;f Yom aqG;aEG;jcif; a0zefjcif;/
rdrd,kH=unfcsufukd usefvlrsm; vufcHvmatmif ajymqkdoGm;rnf
jzpfayonf?
okd@&mwGif trsm;oabmwl qkH;jzwfcJhaom vkyfief;rsm;ESihf
ywfoufIrl qk;H jzwfcahJ om tm%mykid t f zJ@G ujzpfap ok@d r[kwf xkd
tzGJ@xuf}uD;aom tm%mykdiftzGJ@ujzpfap/ jyefvnfjyifqifjcif;
rjyKrDtawmtwGi;f igw@dk onf ‚qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk taumiftxnf
jzpfomG ;atmif waoGrwdr;f vkyo f mG ;rnfjzpfa=umif; wdwu d sus}uD;
uwdjyKayonf?
57
txufygta=umif;wd@k a=umifh igw@dk wifjyaom tcsuf 3 csuf
ESifh ywfoufI zqyv tzGJ@csKyfESifh igwkd@onf oabmwlnDcsuf
&&Sday+yD?
txufyg tajccHrsm;wGif oabmwl+yD;onfah emuf avmavm
q,fupd rP sm;ESihf ywfoufI &Si;f ygt?hH
‘Armjynftpk;d &onf a&S@tzk@d wiG f wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKv$waf wmftm;
wm0ef,lap&rnf[laom tcsufESihf ywfoufI jywfom;pGm em;
rvnfyg’[k zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS jyef=um;pmwGif ygojzihf atmufyg
twkid ;f ajz&Si;f tyfygonf?
‘Armjynftpk;d &onf a&S@tzk@d wiG f wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKv$waf wmftm;
wm0ef,al p&rnf[al om’ tcsuu f dk igw@dk aºu;a=umf&mY wku d yf JG
atmifvHwHcGeftjzpfESifh wifjyjcif; jzpfayonf? vGwfvyfa&;Oya'
t=urf;wifoGif;+yD;onfhtcgYrl Armjynftpkd;&onf Oya't&
v$waf wmfudk wm0efco H mG ;&awmhrnf? ,cktcg Oya't& bk&ifcu H dk
wm0efcHae&ayonf? okd@aomfoabmwlnDcsuftm;jzihf Armjynf
,m,Dtpk;d &onf ,cktcg zqyv tzG@J csKyfu f dk wm0efcaH e&ayonf?
xked nf;twl oabmwlncD sut f m;jzihf v$waf wmfukd wm0efco H mG ;&ef
udk vkad yonf?
ppfwyf&yk o
f rd ;f a&;ESihf ywfoufIvnf; xkt d wkid ;f yif jywfom;
pGm em;rvnfyg[k qkx d m;ojzihf atmufygtwkid ;f &Si;f vif;ygonf?
ArmjynfwGif t*Fvdyfppfwyfrsm; wae@w&ufykdI wyfpGJ
aejcif;onf ArmhvGwfvyfa&;ukd +cdrf;ajcmufapmfum;aejcif; jzpfyg
onf? ArmjynfrS t*Fvyd pf pfwyfrsm; &kyo f rd ;f a&;onf Armvlx. k
tusKd ;omru t*Fvefjynfvx l .k tusKd ;vnf; jzpfayonf? t*Fvef
58
jynfwGif ,cktcg pD;yGm;a&;uyf}uD; qkdufa&mufae&m ukefypPnf;
ykrd x
dk uG af &;twGuf vltiftm; vkad eayonf? t*Fvyd f ppfwyfrsm;
jyefvnfac:,l&ef ‚wyfrsm;ukd zsuo f rd ;f +yD; ukeyf pPn;f vkyif ef;rsm;
wGif wm0efcsay;&ef t*Fvefjynfvx l }k uD;u awmif;qkad eayonf/
ok@d &mwGif avbmwDvuf,m*k% d ;f om;wk@d v$r;f rk;d vsu&f adS om
vuf&+dS Adwo d #tpk;d &onf Ekid if jH cm;rS ppfwyfrsm;ukv d n;f r&kyo f rd ;f vkd
wkid ;f jynfp;D yGm;a&;tusyt f wnf;ukv d nf; rajz&Si;f Ekid f jzpfaeayonf?
tar&duef vuf0g;}uD;tkyft&if;&Sif}uD;rsm;. vufyg;ap
tjzpfjzihf ukv d edk w
D idk ;f jynfrsm;ukd pk;d rk;d xm;&ef t*Fvyd pf pfwyfrsm;ukd
tok;H jyKaeojzihf r&kyo f rd ;f jcif; jzpfayonf?
ok@d twGuf t*Fvyd pf pfwyfrsm; &kyo f rd ;f a&;onf Armhvw G v f yf
a&;. vufiif;tusKd;/ t*Fvdefjynfvlxk}uD;. vufiif;tusdK;
jzpfonf?
xk@d a=umifh t*Fvyd pf pfwyfrsm; csucf si;f &kyo f rd ;f a&; xdt k wGuf
Armjynfvx l .k uk, d pf m; Armjynftpk;d &onf aqmif&u G rf nf?
‘t*Fvyd pf pfwyfrsm; ArmjynfwiG f rsm;rsm;r&Syd g? olw@dk uv dk nf;
&kyo f rd ;f aeygonf? 1948 ck {+yDvukd aemufq;Hk xm;+yD; &kyo f rd ;f aeyg+yD’
ponfjzifh t*Fvyd t f pd;k &bufu qifajcay;p&m &Sad yonf?
Armjynf vGwfvyfa&;ukd xdyg;aomudpP t*Fvefvlxk.
wu,fhtusdK;ukd xdckdufaprnfh udpPwGif Armjynftpkd;&onf
t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J orm;. vSnjhf zm;jcif;udk rcHbJ wif;wif;rmrm wku d f
oGm;zk@d igw@dk awmif;qkjd cif; jzpfayonf?
‘t*Fvdyfppfwyfrsm;tm;vkH; ArmjynfrS &kyfodrf;a&;udk
zqyv tzGJ@csKyfonf wduspGm aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf?
59
aqmif&u G v
f rd rhf nfuu dk m; xyfavmif;I ajymvkyd gonf?’
[k zqyv tzG@J csKyfu jyef=um; xm;ay&m igw@dk 0rf;ompGm
vufcaH yonf? Armjynfo@dk tm%mv$aJ jymif;onfh ae@&uf
wGif t*Fvyd pf pfwyfrsm; ArmjynfrS tºuif;tusef tvsO;f
r&Sad tmif qufvufaqmif&u G vf rd rhf nf[k igw@dk ,k=H unf
ayonf?’
TudpEP iS fh ywfoufI jynfya&;&mrsm;ukd Armjynfppfwyfonf
umuG,Ef idk o f nf[al om igw@dk .a&;om;csuu f dk ‘tºuif;rJh vufcEH idk f
vdrrhf nf r[kwaf cs’ [k zqyv tzG@J csKyfu qkx d m;ayonf?
wkid ;f jynf t}uD;tao;ukv d u dk If vnf;aumif;/ vlO;D a& trsm;
tenf;ukdvdkufIvnf;aumif;/ ajymrnfqkdv#if ao;i,faom
wkdif;jynfrsm;onf tiftm;}uD;rm;aom e,fcsJ@EkdifiH}uD;rsm;.
vufatmufrS vGwfvyfa&;twGuf bmrSrvkyf&awmh[k qkdvkd&m
a&mufayonf? ao;i,faomtif'cdk sKd if;em;/ tif'edk ;D &Sm;/ zdvyd idk Ef iS hf
*&d w k d @ onf jyif o pf e ,f c sJ @ orm;/ 'wf c sf e ,f c sJ @ orm;/ t*F v d y f
tar&duef e,fcs@J orm;wk@d udk ckcw H udk cf udk af eonfudk =unfjh cif;tm;jzihf
jynfyumuG,fa&;onf wkdif;jynft}uD;tao; vlOD;a& tenf;
trsm;ukd rvku d af =umif; xif&mS ;ayonf?
‘vlO;D a& 17 oef; &Sad om Armjynfudk oef;aygi;f 350 - 400
&Sad om w&kwjf ynf/ tdE, Nd jynfEiS hf usev f ufeufuidk f Ekid if }H uD;wckcu
k
wku d cf udk v
f mcJah omf’[k zqyv tzG@J csKyf. jyef=um;pmwGif yg&adS y
onf? Ttcsurf mS vk;H 0rjzpfEidk af v? ta=umif;rlum; w&kwjf ynf/
tdEdN,jynfwkd@onf igwkd@ArmjynfuJhokd@ tar&duefESifh t*Fvdyf
e,fcso hJ rm;wk@d tm; ckcw H u dk cf u
dk af e&aom wkid ;f jynfrsm; jzpfaeojzihf
60
tvm;wljzpfaeaom igwkd@Armjynfukd wkdufckdufvmrnfqkdonfrSm
rjzpfEidk af y? vGwv f yfaom w&kwjf ynf/ vGwv f yfaom tdE, Nd jynfw@dk
onf vGwv f yfaom igw@dk Armjynf. t}uD;qk;H aom r[mrdwrf sm;
jzpfvmum urBmhe,fcs@J pepfukd igwkd@ESifhyl;aygif;wkdufckdufoGm;rnfrSm
{uefrvGjJ zpfayonf? usev f ufeufuidk f Ekid if }H u;D wckc[k k qk&d mY bmukd
qkvd o dk nfudk igw@dk em;rvnfEidk af y?
‚jyif ArmjynfumuG,af &;twGuf t+rw J rf;ppfrx_ rf;aeaom
vufeufuidk w f yfrsm;ukcd sn;f tm;uk;d ae&kEH iS hf r+yD;ay? wkid ;f oljynfom;
rsm; tm;vk;H ukd ppfynmay;jcif;? wwkid ;f jynfv;Hk tm; vufeufpu JG idk f
xm;jcif;tm;jzihf igw@dk widk ;f jynfudk umuG,Ef idk af yonf?
xkrd w
S yg; ppf}uD;+yD;onfh urBmwGif wkid ;f jynfi,frsm; umuG,f
a&;onf pkaygi;f 0kid ;f 0ef; umuG,af &;tm;jziho f m jzpfayonf? TuJo h @dk
pkaygif;umuG,fa&;pepfukdvnf; (,l-tif-tkd) urBmhukvor*~
tzGJ@csKyfu pDrHxm;ayonf? odk@twGufa=umifh Armjynf jynfy
umuG,fa&;ukd igwkd@.trsdK;om;wyfrawmfu umuG,fEkdifonf?
xk@d a=umihf t*Fvyd pf pfwyfrsm; csucf si;f &kyo f rd ;f &rnf[k igw@dk qcdk jhJ cif;
jzpfonf?
csucf si;f vkyrf nfh vkyif ef;rsm;ESihf ywfoufI zqyv tzG@J csKyf.
jyef=um;pmwGif r&Si;f vif;onft h csurf sm;ukd pkpH rf;ar;jref;+yD;aemuf -
‘tcsdK@udpPrsm;rSm vkyfvsuf/ vkyf+yD;jzpf+yD;/ tcsdK@udpPrsm;rSm
tajctae t&vkyf&ef qkH;jzwf+yD; jzpfonf?’ [k zqyv
tzGJ@csKyf. jyef=um;pmwGif awG@&ay&m igwkd@txl;0rf;om
ayonf?
xkrd wS yg;
61
‘avmavq,fupd u P av;rsm;ESihf avmavmq,f vkv d m;csuf
rsm;twGuf vlxkwkdufyGJuwzuf/ tpkd;&uwzuf/ ESpfbuf!‡yfI
wku d o
f nfh y&d,m,fudk zqyv tzG@J csKyfonf a&S@uyif vkycf . hJ ? ,ck
vnf; vkyfvsuf&Sdayonf?’ [laom tcsufrSm zqyv tzGJ@csKyf
jyef=um;pmwGif yg&adS y&m igw@dk onf zqyv tzG@J csKyfxo J @dk 0ifa&muf
+y;D onfah emuf vwfwavmvkv d m;csurf sm;ESihf ywfoufI tao;pdwf
aqG;aEG;+yD; tvkyjf zpfatmif vkyo f mG ;&ef &Sad wmh.?
(3)
zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS owfrw S af om nD!w G af &;tajccHtcsuf
5 csuu f dk wcsupf D rajz=um;rD a,bk,stm;jzihf jyef=um;vkyd gonf?
igwkd@onf nD!Gwfa&;&&Sd&eftwGuf EkdifiHa&;ESifhywfoufI
vnf;aumif;/ pnf;&k;H a&;ESiyhf wfoufIvnf;aumif; tajccHrrl sm;ukd
wifjycJ. h ? Ekid if aH &;rlrsm;/ pn;f&;Hk a&;rlrsm;ESifh ywfoufIvnf; oabm
wlncD su&f cJ+h yD?
aoe*FAsL[menf;y&d,m,fw@dk EiS hf ywfoufIvnf; zqyv
tzG@J csKyfo@dk igw@dk uay;pmwGif yg&cdS . hJ ?
vGwv f yfa&;/ pnf;vk;H aomArmjynf wnfaxmifa&;/ t&m&Sd
qkd;rsm;wkdufckdufa&;/ vlrsdK;a&;t"du&k%f;rsm; rjzpfa&;/ csKyfcs,f
xm;aom Oya'rsm; &kyfodrf;a&; wkdif;jynfjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;
ponfwkd@twGuf zqyv tzGJ@csKyfu }uD;rSL;+yD; vlxkwkdufyGJrsm;
qifEEJ$ idk &f ef Ed;_ aqmf+yD;aemuf atmufygtwkid ;f igw@dk a&;om;cJ. h ?
‘TuJhokd@wkdufyGJ}uD;rsm; qifE$JaepOf’ xkdavmavmq,f
udpu P av;rsm;twGuf Armjynf,m,Dtpk;d &u aqmif&u G f
ay;&rnf? aqmif&Gufray;Ekdifygu tvkyform;/ v,f
62
orm;/ qif;&Jom; jynfov l x l o k nf rdrw d @dk vufiif; vkv d m;
csufrsm;twGuf t*Fvdyfvuf0g;}uD;tkyfrsm; t&if;tESD;
jrKêyEf +HS yD; uk,
d u f sKd ;&Smolrsm;/ ajr&Siq f ;dk rsm;/ t&m&Sq d ;dk rsm;ukd
wku d yf q JG if=u&ayvdrrhf nf?
xk d t cgY trsd K ;om;nD ! G w f a &;wyf a ygif ; pk .
aoe*FAsL[m vufeufjzpfaom jynfov l x l . k tm;uk;d r_udk
&&Sad eonfh ,m,Dtpk;d &onf tvkyo f rm;v,form;
wk@d udk umuG,af y;&rnf?
‚tjyif Armjynf,m,Dtpk;d &onf TudprP sm;
wGif wkduf&kduf0ifa&mufpGufzuf+yD; tvkyform; v,f
orm;/ tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. tultnDjzihf jy\emrsm;ukd
ajz&S i f ; &rnf ? wenf ; tm;jzih f q k d v #if jynf o l v l x k .
avmavmq,f vkdvm;csufrsm;twGuf vlxkwkdufyGJu
wzuf/ tpk;d &uwzuf ESpb f uf!yS +f yD; wku d yf q
JG if&rnf?
zqyv tzG J @ csKyf r S igwk d @ xH jyef = um;onf h
pmwGiv f nf; Tok@d yg&. dS ? avmavmq,fupd u P av;rsm;ESihf
avmavmq,f vkdvm;csufrsm;twGuf vlxkwkdufyGJu
wzuf/ tpk;d &uwzuf/ ESpb f uf!yS I f wku d o f nfh y&d,m,f
ukd zqyv tzGJ@csKyfonf a&S;uyif vkyfcJh.? ,ckvnf;
vkyv f suyf if &Sad yonf?
txufygw@dk u=dk unfyh gru l m; Ekid if aH &;/ pnf;&k;H a&;/ rlrsm;omru
aoe*FAsL[menf;y&d,m,fponfwkd@ESifh ywfoufI zqyv tzGJ@
csKyfESifh igwkd@onf vkH;0oabmwlnDcsuf&+yD[k qkdEkdifayonf? okd@
twGufa=umifh nD!Gwfa&;ESihfywfoufI oabmwlnD+yD;aom
63
EkdifiHa&;rlrsm;/ pnf;&kH;a&;rlrsm; aoe*FAsL[mESifh enf;y&d,m,frsm;
tjyif rnfuo hJ @dk aom tajccHtcsuf topfrsm; aemufxyfvadk o;
onfudk em;rvnfEidk af tmif&adS wmhonf?
xktd csurf sm;ukv d nf; b,fuo hJ @dk ajz&rnfuv dk nf; igw@dk rod
atmif jzpfawmh.? xkdrSwyg; nD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk wnfaqmuf
&mwGif wlnaD omEkid if aH &;rlrsm;/ wlnaD ompn;f&;Hk a&;rlrsm;/ wlnaD om
aoe*FAsL[m wlnaD om enf;y&d,m,fw@dk tay:wGif tajcpku d af y&m
zqyv tzG@J csKyf owfrw S vf u
dk af om nD!w G af &; tajccHtcsuf (5)
csuo f nf txufwiG f ESpOf ;D ESpzf ufpvk;H u oabmwlncD ahJ om Ekid if aH &;
rlrsm;/ pnf;&k;H a&;rlrsm;/ aoe*FAsL[menf;y&d,m,fw@dk EiS hf rnfuo hJ @dk
uGmjcm;onfudk igw@dk rjrifEidk af y?
zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS owfrw S af omnD!w G af &;tajccH (5) csuf
ESifh ywfoufI a,bk,stm;jzifh xifjrifcsuf ay;+yD;aemuf wckpD
xifjrifcsuaf y;ygt@H ?
yxrtcsufrSm? ? ‘rdrw d @dk .ya,m*/ rdrw d @dk . zefw;D r_rsm;
a=umifh jzpfay:aom zqyv vkyif ef;pOfEiS hf y&d,m,frsm;ESihf qef@usif
aeonfh qlyal omif;use;f r_taygi;f zefw;D vku d rf t_ aygi;f udk &yfpyJ pf
&rnf jzpfayonf?’ [k qkx d m;.?
TudpEP iS hf ywfoufIqkv d #if igw@dk .oabmxm;ukd zqyv
tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;tm; 28-8-47 &ufae@wiG f tus,w f 0ifh
&Si;f vif;ajymqkcd +hJ yD;yg+yD? xyfr&H iS ;f ygO;D tH@?
e,fcs@J pepf. pufuiG ;f twGi;f &Sad om wkid ;f jynfwckwiG f pD;yGm;a&;
tajctaeqk;d wk@d a=umifh vlxt k =um;0,f rauseyfr/_ rauscsr;f r_rsm;
onf ra&SmifrvGo J m {uefrck s ay:aygu&f ayrnf? ‚tajctaewk@d
64
a=umifh vlxo k nf rdrw d @dk .tajctae aumif;rGeaf &;twGuf wku d yf JG
0if=u&ayrnf? vlx. k tm;ud;k r_udk &&Sad eaom vlxt k pk;d &onfvnf;
vlx. k jy\emr_w@dk udk óu;pm;I ajz&Si;f =uayonf? ok@d wnf;r[kwf
vlxw k u dk yf rJG sm;ukd tultnDtumtuG,af y;=uayonf?
uGefjrLepfrsm;onf vlxk.om;aumif;orD;aumif;yDopGm
TwkdufyGJrsm;wGif 0ifa&muf+yD; rSefuefaom vrf;ukdjyI ukd,fxd
vufa&muf yg0ifaqmif&u G =f uayonf? uGejf rLepfrsm;onf wku d yf JG
rsm;ukd rzefw;D / jy\emrsm;ukv d nf; rzefw;D acs? zefvnf; rzefw;D
Ekid af cs? &Sad eaomjy\emrsm;. tajzuko d m &Sm}uHay;onf? w&m;
aom vkv d m;csurf sm;twGuf vlxu k wku d yf qJG ifjcif;wk@d udk uGejf rLepf
wk@d onf vspv f sL&_jcif;rjyK/ ypfy,fjcif;vnf; rjyK/ uGejf rLepfw@dk onf
vlxt k apcHrsm;yDopGm vlx. k qENtavsmuf wku d yf rJG sm;wGif yg0if+yD;/
Ekid if aH &;oabmyg0ifvmatmif vky=f uayonf? uGejf rLepfrsm; yg0if
aom wkdufyGJrsm;twGufvnf; uGefjrLepfwkd@onf vkH;0wm0ef,l
ayonf? TuJhokd@ wkdufyGJwGif yg0if&mY trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;
wyfaygif;pk. rSefuefaom e,fedrdwftwGif;okd@ usa&mufatmif
uGejf rLepfw@dk onf }udK;pm;=uayonf?
wkdufyGJrsm;zefwD;[laom pum;ukd igwkd@em;rvnfEkdifay?
jy\emr&Sb d J jy\emzefw;D I wku d yf q
JG ifjcif;ukd qkv d [ dk ef &Sad yonf?
zefw;D r_wu dk yf [ JG al om oabmonfyif uGejf rLepfw@dk . tbd"mefr&S?d
zefwD;wkdufr_[laom t,ltqonfyifv#if trSefpifppftm;jzifh
uGejf rLepf0g'ESihf qef@usiaf omt,ltq jzpfayonf? zefw;D wku d rf _
[laom t,ltqt&qkv d #if vlwpku wku d yf rJG sm;ukd pDpOf+y;D vlx}k u;D
u em;rvnfbJ ajrêmufyifah y;I wku d yf }JG uD;xJo@dk yg0ifvm&ayonf?
65
vlx. k epfemr_r&Sd vkv d m;r_r&Sb d J vlwpkzefw;D aom wku kd yf rJG sm;wGif
xkad cgi;f aqmifwpk. trde@f t& yg0ifvm&ayonf [laomt"dym` ,f
oufa&mufaeayonf? wenf;tm;jzihfqkd&v#if vlxk}uD;onf
ok;d tky}f uD;jzpf+yD; vlvrd mR acgi;f aqmifwnf;[laom ok;d xde;f aemufo@dk
vku d af e=uayonf[k qk&d ma&mufayonf? TuJo h @dk wku d yf rJG sm;ukd
zefwD;jcif;onf usqkH;+yD;cJhaom [pfwvmwkd@. vlpGrf;aumif;0g'/
acgi;f aqmif0g'wk@d EiS hf wlayonf?
TudpEP iS hf ywfoufI qeford ;f yGu J pd rP sm;ESihf &Si;f zk@d vadk yonf?
ArmjynfwiG f &dumQ wku d yf rJG sm; tb,fa=umifh jzpfay:vmoenf;ukd
tajctjrpfu avhvmzk@d vkad yonf?
ArmjynfwiG f
ud,
k yf idk vf ,fvyk f - - - - - —- 1 oef;?
v,fo;D pm; - - - - - - - - - 7 ode;f ?
v,fuv l aD umufpu dk rf - - - - 1 oef; 5 ode;f ?
v,f,mESiv hf yk uf idk pf m;olppk ak ygi;f 3 oef; 5 ode;f ?
cef@ &Sdonf? ppfrjzpfrDu udk,fykdifv,fvkyfESifh v,foD;pm;rsm;tzkd@
pyg;ay:+y;D 0rf;pmtenf;tusO;f userf nfjzpfaomfvnf; v,fuv l rD sm;
tzk@d wESpyf wfv;Hk &dumQ rvkrH avmuf jzpfae&ayonf? pyg;ay:onfh
tcsdefYvnf; vlwkd@vufxJwGif 0rf;pmr&Sd olwkd@ukd rSDckdpm;aomuf
ae&ol om;r,m;rsm;ygqv dk #if ESpw f idk ;f vlav;ig;oef;cef@rmS 0rf;pm
rvkHravmuf jzpfcJhonf? ppfab;ppf'%fa=umifh 'kuQcHae&aom
ArmjynfwiG f tajctae ykq d ;dk 0g;ayonf?
Tum; qefodrf;yGJrsm; jzpfay:&jcif;. yxrta=umif;
jzpfonf?
66
1945 ckEpS f t*Fvyd rf sm; jyefvnfa&mufuwnf;u v,fuv l D
axmifaygi;f rsm;pGmwk@d onf pnf;a0;yGrJ sm; usi;f yum &dumQ awmif;qkd
cJ=h uayonf? &dumQ pm&if;,ljcif;/ pnf;a0;jcif; pDwef;vrf;av#mufjcif;/
tiwfwyfcsw D ufjcif;/ tpk;d &xHawmif;qkjd cif; ponfw h @dk udk jyKvkycf hJ
=uayonf? zqyv tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm; tpk;d &tzG@J xo J @dk r0ifrD
1946 ckEpS f pufwifbmvtxd r&yfrem;aom &dumQ wku d yf rJG sm; jzpfay:
vmcJah vonf? zqyv tpk;d &rzG@J ru D bk&ifct H r_aqmif tpd;k &onf
Tjy\emukd vk;H 0rajz&Si;f Ekid b f J pufwifbmv tawmtwGi;f Yyif
zsmykHc&kdifwGif qefodrf;yGJ jzpfcJhayonf? ‚udpPukd zqyv tpdk;&
vufxuf t"du&Si;f vif;ae&ayonf? zqyv tpk;d & wufvmonfh
tcg vlx}k uD;onfrsm;pGm tm;xm;ar#mv f ihcf =hJ uayonf?
ok@d &mwGif zqyv tpk;d &onf vlx}k uD;.tiwfjy\emukd
rajz&Si;f Ekid cf ?hJ trSepf ifppftm;jzihf ajz&Si;f Ekid pf &mvnf; r&S?d 'kw, d
urBmppf}uD;+yD;onfah emuf urBmt&yf&yfwiG f iwfrw G af cgi;f yg;a&;}uD;
qku d af &mufaeay&m/ TuJo h @dk iwfrw G af cgi;f yg;aejcif;rSm e,fcs@J orm;
wpku &dumQ ukd ekid if aH &;vufeufwcktjzpfjzihf tok;H jyKaejcif;a=umifh
jzpf.? Armjynfonf e,fcs@J orm;. pufuiG ;f twGi;f &Sad eor# tiwf
jy\emudk tb,fenf;ESirhf # rajz&Si;f Ekid ?f aomhcsuu f ek yf pPn;f vkyif ef;
rsm;ukd wkid ;f jynfyidk jf zpfatmifvyk +f yD; ajr&Sipf epfukd zsuo f rd ;f ypfroS m
tiwfjy\emudk ajz&Si;f Ekid af yonf?
T&dumQ wku d yf rJG sm; jzpf&jcif;. 'kw, d ta=umif;jzpfayonf?
Ek0d ifbmv 'DZifbmv/ Zefe0g&v D rsm;wGif zqyv tzG@J csKyf
onf bdvyftpk;d &ESit hf a&;qkpd Of zqyv atmufyidk ;f wk@d onf vlxk
wku d yf rJG sm;ukd vkycf =hJ uonf? aus;vufawm&Gmrsm;wGif Ekid if aH &; ta&;
67
qkcd suEf iS hf v,form; wku d yf rJG sm;ukd qufpyfay;cJ=h uonf?
Zefe0g&v D / azazmf0g&v D rsm;wGif ykord ef ,fwiG v f nf;aumif;/
yJc;l e,fwiG v f nf;aumif;/ zqyvrsm; qk&d , S v
f pfrsm;/ jynfo@l &aJ bmf
rsm;u }uD;rSL;I qefoydwfwm;jcif;/ qefodrf;jcif;wdk@udk vkyfcJh=u
ayonf? tb,fa=umifh zqyv qd&k , S v f pfrsm; jynfo@l &aJ bmfrsm;
onf qefodrf;yGJrsm; qifE$J=uoenf;? vlxk}uD;ukd,fwkdifuyifv#if
rdrw d @dk . tiwfjy\em ajz&Si;f a&;twGuf vkv d m;awmifw h vm=u
ojzihf vlxEk iS yhf rkd edk ;D pyfaom zqyv jynfo@l &aJ bmf/ qk&d , S vf pfw@dk
onf qeford ;f yGrJ sm;wGif yg0ifa&S@aqmifc=hJ ujcif; jzpfayonf?olw@dk .
*k%af &mifajymifvaS om vkyif ef;wk@d udk igw@kd cs;D usL;onf?
trSefpifppftm;jzihf vlxktiftm;ESifh qefodrf;jcif;wkd@wGif
igwkd@ygwDrS wkdufyGJtaeESifh yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;onf jzL;uGef*&uf
+yD;onfah emufrS jzpfayonf? 13 - 3 - 47 ae@wiG f ykord cf &kid t f a&S@yidk ;f
jrif;umqdyq f efpufwiG f tpjyKcJah yonf?
jzL;uGef*&uf rwkdifrDu qefodrf;yGJrsm;onf zqyv rsm;?
jynfo@l &aJ bmf/ qk&d , S v f pfrsm;u }uD;rSL;vkycf =hJ uayonf?
Tokd@qkdjcif;jzifh jzL;uGef*&ufrwkdifrD qefoydwfwm;jcif;/
qeford ;f jcif;wk@d udk aqmif&u G cf ahJ om zqyvrsm;/ jynfo@l &aJ bmfrsm;/
qk&d ,S v f pfrsm;ukd tjypfwif&w _ cf sjcif; r[kw?f igw@dk ueG jf rLepfrsm;onf
ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;a=umihf rygEidk cf ahJ y? yg&eftcGit hf a&; &Syd gu ygcrhJ nf
jzpfayonf? Ttcsuw f iG f igw@dk qv dk &dk if;um; ‘jzL;uGe*f &uf’ rwkid rf D
tvkdtavsmuf jzpfay:vmaom qefodrf;yGJrsm; tESHtjym;jzpfay:
aeonf [laomtcsuu f dk xif&mS ;apvkI d jzpfayonf?
ArmEkid if vH ;Hk qkid &f mawmifov l ,form; uGe*f &uf}u;D ukd jzL;+rKd @Y
68
rwfvwGif usif;ycJh.? ‚uGef*&ufwGif Armjynft&yf&yfrS ygwD
tzG@J toD;oD;wk@d u a&S@aqmifaeaom &dumQ wku d yf rJG sm;. tajctae
ukd qef;ppf+yD;aemuf &dumQ wku d yf rJG sm; z&kzd &Jrjzpfap&ef v,fyidk &f iS f
uav;rsm; uk, d yf idk v
f ,fvyk rf sm;/ oD;pm;orm;rsm;/ v,fuv l rD sm;/
tcsi;f csi;f wku d af om wku d yf rJG sm;rjzpfapbJ tm;vk;H yl;aygi;f I ajr&Si}f u;D
rsm;ESihf y&k*d sub f wk w f @dk uodk mwku d af om wku d yf rJG sm; jzpfap&ef ‚wk@d udk
pepfwus pnf;&H;k &ef/ Twku d yf rJG sm;onf y&k*d sub f wk w f @dk jzihf vkyx f m;
aom e,fcs@J orm;wk@d . pD;yGm;a&;/ pepfudk wku d af &;[laom Ekid if aH &;
&nf&, G cf suf ygap&ef jzL;uGe*f &ufu qk;H jzwfcahJ yonf?
okd@twGufa=umifh qefodrf;yGJrsm;onf jzL;uGef*&ufuae+yD;
qefrsm;odrf;&ef qkH;jzwfonf[laom ajymqkdcsuf pGyfpGJcsufwkd@rSm
rrSefacs?
qeford ;f onfh udprP sm;wGif
(u) vlq;dk vlnpfrsm; ryg[k igw@dk rqk/d vltrsm;ESiv hf yk af om
vkyif ef;rsm;wGif vlq;dk vlnpfrsm;vnf; tenf;tusO;f qko d vkd ygEidk f
ayonf?
(c) qefodrf;yGJrsm;rS pyg;ukefonfrsm; tvpf0if+yD; tjrwf
xkwjf cif; r&S[ d k igw@dk rqdk tcsKd @uek o f nfrsm;u 0if+yD; ud, k u f sKd ;&Smonf
wk@d vnf; &SEd idk af yonf?
(*) qeford ;f yGrJ sm;wGif igw@dk ryg[rk qkd igw@dk ygonf? 0if+yD; Ekid if H
a&;oabmygatmif vkycf =hJ uayonf?
(C) qefodrf;yGJrsm;rSm uGefjrLepfwkd@u zefwD;jcif;r[kwf/
iwfrw G af cgi;f yg;jcif;[laom jy\em&SI d &dumQ wnf;[laom vkv d m;
csufa=umifh qefodrf;jcif;wnf;[laom wkdufyGJay:vm&ayonf?
69
xk@d a=umifyh if iwfjywfaeaom vlx}k u;D onf axmifvu dk af omif;vku d f
wku d yf tJG wGi;f ok@d ygvmcJ=h uayonf?
TudpEP iS hf ywfoufI xyf+yD;&Si;f vko d nft h csurf mS uGejf rLepf
wkd@onf zqyv ukd ysufqD;ap&ef zefwD;aom wkdufyGJrsm;r[kwf/
vlx. k tpGr;f tptm;jzifh jzpfay:vmaom wku d yf rJG sm;wGif vlx. k
om;aumif;orD;aumif;yDopGm 0ifa&mufaqmif&u G jf cif;om jzpfay
onf?
igwkd@ESifhtwlvnf; vlxkESifheD;pyfvsuf&Sdaom zqyv rsm;?
jynfo@l &aJ bmfrsm;/ qk&d , S v f pfrsm;onf yg0ifvmcJ=h uayonf?
tu,fI uGejf rLepfw@dk u zefw;D aom wku d yf rJG sm;jzpfygrul m;
igw@dk tiftm;aumif;aom ysO;f rem; awmifiel ,fw@dk wiG f qeford ;f yGrJ sm;
jzpfay:p&m&Sdayonf? igwkd@=oZmr}uD;rm;aom tjcm;e,frsm;wGif
qeford ;f yGrJ sm; jzpfymG ;onfh tcsuu f dk =unfyh gu igw@dk u 0ifa&muf
aqmif&u G jf cif;om jzpfonfqo dk nfh tcsurf mS rSeu f efa=umif; xif&mS ;
ayonf?
&duQmwkdufyGJrsm;ukd igwkd@onf EkdifiHa&;t& =unfhayonf?
TuJo h @dk aom &dumQ wku d yf rJG sm;ukd Ekid if aH &;oabmr[kwb f J wk@d ygwD
rsm;u rSm;,Gi;f pGmqifEo J$ nfh udprP sKd ;wGif igw@dk u ta&;,lcahJ vonf?
TuJo h @dk aom jy\emrsKd ;wGif uGejf rLepfw@dk u ,kwrf maom
t}uHtpnfjzihf zefw;D wku d o f nf[k pGypf &JG rHk #jzihf jy\em ajz&Si;f rnf
r[kwaf y? jy\emt&if;tjrpfudk avhvm+yD; tpd;k &onf jynfo. l
tultnDjzihf ajz&Si;f &m ajz&Si;f a=umif; }udK;pm;zk@d om &Sad yonf?
aemufjy\em&yfrmS ysO;f rem;/ awmifi/l &ckid pf aom e,frsm;
wGif ay:aeaom t&m&Sq d ;dk rsm;ESihf ajr&Siq f ;dk wk@d tm; awmifov l ,f
70
orm;wk@d . ckcrH r_ sm;wk@d EiS hf ywfoufI jzpfayonf? ‚e,frsm; wGif
1945 ckEpS f t*Fvyd f jyefa&mufuwnf;u ppfwyfrsm;ESihf t=urf;zufI
ESyd u f yG cf ahJ yonf? ‚aemuf AsL&ku d &ufrsm;ESihf ajr&Siw f @dk u t&rf;
uma&m ESyd u f yG af eayonf? zqyv tpk;d &wufvmonfw h idk af tmif
atmufajcrS t&m&Sq d ;dk wk@d u zqyv tpk;d &ESihf vlxw k @dk pdw0f rf;uGJ
jym;atmif &Sdaeaom tm%mrsm;ukd tvGJokH;pm;jyKum vlxkukd
ESyd uf yG of jzifh ckcrH r_ sm;ay:aygucf ahJ yonf? t&m&Sq d ;dk wd@k onf zqyv
aemufuG,fwGifzqyv acgif;aqmifwkd@. t&SdefoduQmukd tvGJ
ok;H pm;vky+f yD; olw@dk . b0a[mif;ukd wnf+rJap&ef vlxu k dk ESyd uf yG =f u
ayonf? vlx. k tm;uk;d jcif;ukd cH&aom Armjynf,m,Dtpk;d &onf
vlxk.tiftm;ukd trSDjyK+yD; vlxktm; tumtuG,fay;I AsL&kd
ua&pDudk wku d zf suyf gu wkid ;f jynf. tajctae ajymif;vJomG ;rnf
jzpfayonf? tcsKyfuq dk &dk v#if zdEydS cf sKyfcs,rf r_ sm; ESyd u
f yG rf r_ sm; r&Sv d #if
vlx. k wGe;f vSe+f zdKzsurf r_ sm; r&SEd idk af y?
nD!Gwfa&;ESifhywfoufI zqyv acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh igwkd@
aqG;aEG;onfh yxr&ufrsm;wGif ‘nD!w G af &;&onfEiS fh jc,fv, S af om
Oya'rsm;tm;vk;H ukd &kyo f rd ;f ypfr,f’ [k ocifEu k ajym=um;cJ&h m igw@dk
rsm;pGm tm;wufcJhayonf? zqyv tzGJ@csKyf. jyef=um;pmwGif
‘csKyfcs,faomOya'rsm; &kyfodrf;a&;Y EkdifiHa&;tusOf;orm;rsm;
vGwaf &;rsm;ukd aqmif&u G &f ef qk;H jzwf+yD; jzpfonf’ [k yg&adS y&m/ igw@dk
vdu _ v f u _d vf vJS JS 0rf;omayonf?
nD!Gwfa&;&onfESifh w+ydKifeuf txufygqkH;jzwfcsufukd
taumiftxnfjzpfatmif vky&f if; vlxjk y\emrsm;udk nDnn D mnm
pkaygif;0kdif;0ef;ajz&Sif;jcif;tm;jzifh {uefrkcsajz&Sif;Ekdifrnf[k igwkd@
71
wxpfcs,=Hk unfayonf? ‘aomif;use;f r_rsm; ’vnf; &SEd idk af wmhrnf
r[kw?f
igwkd@onf "m;jyaomif;usef;r_uJhokd@ vlxkukd qef@usifaom
vkyif ef;rsm;ukd zdEydS &f mwGif tpk;d &tzG@J EiS hf yl;wGvJ yk u f idk rf nf jzpfayonf?
twkcd sKyf&v#if
(u) uGejf rLepfw@dk onf jy\emrsm;ukd rzefw;D wku kd yf rJG sm;ukd
rzefwD;?
(c) uGefjrLepfwkd@onf vlxk.w&m;aom wkdufyGJrsm;wGif
yg0ifaqmif&Guf=uonf? rSefuefaom vrf;pOfay:okd@
wifay;onf?
(*) vlxt k m;qef@usiaf om aomif;use;f r_rsKd ;ukd ESrd ef if;&mwGif
igw@dk onf tpk;d &tzG@J EiS hf yl;wGI J aqmif&u G +f yD; aqmif&u G f
aeqJ aqmif&u G rf nf jzpfayonf?
zefwD;wkdufr_[laom tcsufESifh ywfoufI tus,fw0ifh
&Si;f vif;jy+yD;onfah emuf zqyv tzG@J csKyf u owfrw S af om nD!w G f
a&; tajccHcsuf (1) ESihf ywfoufI tajzay;ygt@H ?
‘uGejf rLepfw@dk onf rdrw d @dk ya,m* rdrw d @dk zefw;D r_a=umifh jzpfay:
vmaom qlyal omif;use;f r_taygi;f r+idro f ufrt _ aygi;f zefw;D wku d rf _
taygi;f ukd &yfpjJ y&rnf?’ zqyv tzG@J csKyfu awmif;qdx k m;ayonf?
TwkdufyGJrsm;onf uGefjrLepfwkd@u zefwD;aomwkdufyGJ r[kwf[k
txufwiG f tus,w f 0ifh &Si;f vif;xm;cJ+h yD? od@k twGuf zefw;D aom
wkud yf rJG sm;ukd &yfpjJ y&rnf? [laomtcsut f & rnfuo hJ @dk &yfpjJ y&rnf
ukd igw@dk em;rvnfEidk af y?
xkdrSwyg; &duQmwkdufyGJrsm;ESifh AsL&kdu&uft&m&Sdqkd;wkd@tm;
72
v,form;wkd@. ckcHr_rsm;onf zqyv ukd qef@usifaom wkdufyGJ
rsm;[k igw@dk r,lqay?
(u) xkw d u dk yf rJG sm;onf txufu &Si;f cJo h nft
h wkid ;f zefw;D
wku d rf r_ sm; r[kwaf y?
(c) ‘zefw;D wku d rf r_ sm; ’ r[kwv f #if vlx. k wu,fw h u dk yf rJG sm;
jzpfonf?
(*) vlx. k wu,fw h u dk yf rJG sm;jzpfI vlx. k tzG@J csKyfjzpfaom
zqyv ukd qef@usio f nfh wku d yf rJG sm; r[kwaf y?
igw@dk tjrift&qkv d #if Twku d yf rJG sm;onf zqyv tzG@J csKyfukd
vnf;aumif;/ zqyv tpd;k &ukv d nf;aumif; rqef@usi&f rHk u +Adwo d #
e,fcsJ@orm;qef@usifa&;wkd@wGif zqyv tm; taxmuftulay;
aom wku d yf rJG sm; jzpfonf[k ,k=H unfayonf?
okd@&mwGif txufwGif azmfjyonfhtwkdif; csKyfcs,fr_rsm;
&kyo
f rd ;f um nDn! D w G !f w G Ef iS hf aqmif&u G o f mG ;&if; ckcrH r_ sm;ESihf aomif;
use;f r_jy\emrsm;ukd ajz&Si;f oGm;Ekid af yrnf?
zqyv u 'kwd,csrSwfaomtajccHrSm? ? zqyv. enf;
y&d,m,frsm; rSeu f efa=umif; todtrSwjf yK&rnf [laomtcsuyf if
jzpfonf?
Ttcsufonf bmukdqkdvdkonfukd igwkd@em;rvnfEkdifay?
tcsut f vufrsm;ukd wdwu d sus ay;ygru l m; igw@dk onf wdwu d sus
jyefajzEkdifayvdrhfrnf? vkH;0vGwfvyfa&;ukd +Adwdo#wkd@ vufxJrS
at;csrf;om,maom enf;vrf;wkd@jzifh &Ekdifonf[lI Ttcsuf
tm;jzifh qkv d ydk gru l m; Ttcsuu f dk igw@dk vufrcHEidk af y? ta=umif;rl
um; e,fcs@J pepfonf tvkt d avsmufysupf ;D rnf r[kwjf cif;a=umifh
73
vkH;0vGwfvyfa&;onf at;csrf;om,maomenf;wkd@jzihf &Ekdifrnf
qkad om tcsurf mS rjzpfEidk af y?
igwkd@ESifhocifEk yxrOD;pGmawG@onfhae@u Tokd@ajymcJh.?
“vGwv f yfa&;ukd at;at;csr;f csr;f &Ekid w f ,fqw dk m usKyfw@dk r,kb H ;l vk@d
cifAsm;wk@d a=unmEkid w f ,f? 'gayrJh at;at;csr;f csr;f ESihf &Edik w f ,fv@dk
,k=H unfaewJh usKyfw@dk udk Zefe0g&v D txd prf;ckid ;f =unfah pcsiw f ,f?
'DtawmtwGi;f vnf; cifAsm;wk@d ,k=H unfwt hJ wkid ;f jyifqif=uayg”h [k
ajymcJh.? zqyv tzGJ@csKyfu owfrSwfaom 'kwd,tcsufonf
ocifEu k TuJo h @dk ajymcJo
h nfudk qkv d ydk gru l m; igw@dk vufcaH yonf?
qkv
d &dk if;um; at;csr;f om,maomenf;jzihf vGwv f yfa&;&Ekid f
onf[k ,kH=unfolrsm;onf ,kH=unfEkdifcGifh&Sdovkd igwkd@tzkd@vnf;
awmfveS af &;ukd ,k=H unfEidk cf iG hf &S&d rnfjzpfayonf?
TuJo h @dk ,k=H unfrj_ cm;em;jcif; &Sad pumrl wlnaD omvkyif ef;pOf/
wlnaD omaoe*FAsL[m wlnaD om enf;y&d,m,fw@dk jzihf trsK;d om;
nD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pktwGif; tvkyfwlvkyfjcif;ukd taESmifht,Suf
r&SEd idk af y?
tu,fI zqyv ESihf uGejf rLepfygwD uG+J y;D onfah emuf zqyv
tzG@J csKyfacgif;aqmifrsm;u vkyfcho J r#wkd@onf rSef+yD; igwkd@vkyfcho J r#
rSm;onf[laomtcsufukd todtrSwfjyK&rnf[lI qkdvkdygrlum;
igw@dk vufrcHay? ta=umif;rlum; Ttcsuo f nf rrSeaf =umif; vlwidk ;f
odayonf? igw@dk EpS Of ;D pvk;H yif olenf;ESio hf l rSm;cJo h nfw@dk &Sad yonf?
Tpmt&wGif azmfjycJo h nft h wkid ;f Ekid if aH &;t&vnf;aumif;
pnf;&kH;a&;t&vnf;aumif; aoe*FAsL[mESifh enf;y&d,m,ft&
vnf;aumif; oabmwlnDcsuf &&Sd+yD;onfhaemuf Ttcsufonf
74
tb,fa=umifh nD!w G af &;tajccHrl jzpf&rnfudk igw@dk em;rvnfEidk af y?
Ttcsuw f iG f taumiftxnftm;jzihf bmukjd zpfapcsio f nf
rSm rxif&mS ;aomfvnf; igw@dk em;vnfovkd wckpD ajz&Si;f ay;cJah y+yD?
wwd,tcsurf mS ? ? zqyv . acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm; csay;
oGm;aomvrf;pOf aoe*FAsL[mESihf enf;y&d,m,f twkid ;f waoGrwdr;f
vku d ef maqmif&u G of mG ;&rnf[k qkx d m;.? Ttcsuo f nf ‘vGwv f yf
a&;ukd at;at;aq;aq;ESihf &atmifvyk rf ,f? r&&if csr,f? csz@dk vnf;
jyifqifxm;Ekid w f ,f’ [k qkv d ydk gru l m; igw@dk vufcEH idk o f nf? Ttcsuf
ESihf ywfoufI 'kw, d tcsuw f iG f igw@dk oabmxm;udk ajz&Si;f cJah y+yD?
‚tjyif‘vlxw k udk yf u
JG wzuf/ tpk;d &uwzuf ESpb f uf!y‡ I f
wkud &f rnf’ [k wwd,tcsuo f nf qkv d ydk grul m; ig@w@dk vufcaH yonf?
ta=umif;rlum; txufu &Si;f cJo h nft h wkid ;f Tenf;y&d,m,fonf
igw@dk .enf;y&d,m,fEiS hf twlwyl if jzpfayonf?
trSefpifppftm;jzihf igwkd@onf zqyv tm%mykdifrsm;u
trsm;oabmwl qk;H jzwfonft h wkid ;f vkyu f idk o
f mG ;rnf jzpfayonf?
pwk w ˆ t csuf r S m ? a0zef r _ E S i f h y wf o uf a y&m ‚ud p P E S i f h
ywfoufI txufwiG f ajz&Si;f +yD;av+yD?
yÌrtcsufwGi?f nD!w G af &; &,l+yD;onfah emuf qk;H jzwfcsuf
rsm;twkid ;f vku d ef mI taumiftxnfjzpfvmatmif vkyaf qmifomG ;
&rnf qkx d m;.? trSepf ifppftm;jzihf Tcsurf mS rvkb d J ykI
d aeayonf?
nD!w G af &;wyfaygi;f pk wnfaqmuf&mY wlnaD om&nf&, G cf surf sm;
twGuf tvkyw f vl yk of mG ;&ef jzpf.? oabmxlq;Hk jzwfcsuw f @dk onf
tm;vk;H tay: usa&muf+yD; yg0ifow l idk ;f raoGrznfbJ aqmif&u G o f mG ;
&rnf? igw@dk tay:omru zqyv twGi;f &Sd vlwidk ;f tzG@J widk ;f tay:
75
usa&mufay+yD? Tpnf;rsOf;onf tb,fa=umifhigwkd@ tzkd@om
owfrw S o f vkd jzpfaeonfrmS igw@dk em;rvnfay?
(4)
aemufq;Hk tm;jzifh ed*;Hk csKyfvo dk nfrmS nD!w G af &;ESiyhf wfoufI
igw@dk jyef=um;csuu f dk tjrifus,u f s,Ef iS hf oabmxm;}u;D pGm pOf;pm;&ef
wkud w f eG ;f ygonf?
igwkd@wifjyaom tcsuf (3) csufwGif zqyv tzGJ@csKyfu
ESpcf suu f kd tjynft h pkvH ufc+H yD;aemuf qk;H tcsuu f dk ¹cif;csuEf iS hf vufcH
xm;ayonf? T¹cif;csuo f nf uGejf rLepfygw. D oD;jcm;uif;vGwo f nfh
b0ukd xdcu dk af pumrl wkid ;f jynf. tusO;f tusyf awG@ae&aom T
tcsed w f iG f wkid ;f jynf. tusKd ;udk axmufxm;I igw@dk tepfemcH+yD;
zqyv tzG@J csKyf ¹cif;csuu f dk oabmuscyhJ gonf? xked nf;wlpmG zqyv
tzG@J csKyf. tcsuf (5) csuEf iS hf ywfoufI igw@dk . oabmxm;ukv d nf;
av;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;apvkyd gonf?
trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pktwGif; vlwef;pm;trsdK;rsdK;
yg0ifay&m oabmxm;trsKd ;rsKd ; &S=d uayonf?
od@k twGuf igw@dk tzk@d ta&;}u;D qk;H um; igw@dk tcsi;f csi;f oabm
xm; rnfr#uv JG o JG nfudk &SmazG&ef r[kw?f igw@dk tzk@d ta&;}uD;qk;H um;
igw@dk tcsi;f csi;f pyf=um;0,f trsm;qk;H wlnrD _ rnfr#&o dS nfudk pOf;pm;&ef
jzpf.? zqyv uGefjrLepf nD!Gwfa&;twGuf }udK;yrf;&mwGif T
tajccHtm;jzifh igw@dk vnf; }udK;pm;cJ. h ? &Jabmfw@dk vnf; Ttwkid ;f
}udK;pm;vdrrfh nf[k igw@dk ,=Hk unfayonf?
nD!Gwfa&;&&Sd&ef TtcGifhta&;onf taumif;qkH;aom
tcGit hf a&; taumif;qk;H aomtcsed f jzpf.? TtcGit hf a&;ukd igw@dk
76
tm;vk;H vufrvGwaf p&ef ta&;}uD;ayonf?
Toabmxm;wk@d udk taumiftxnfjzpfatmif vkyEf idk o f nf
ESit hf r# nD!w G af &;ukd igw@dk &&Sad yvdrrhf nf?
wc% aESmifah ES;v#if wc% aowGi;f ok@d usa&mufayvdrrhf nf?
Tpmonf zqyv tzG@J csKyf acgi;f aqmifrsm;vufxJ a&muf&dS
onfEiS hf nD!w G af &;onf {uefrck s jzpf&rnf[k igw@dk Ev
S ;Hk aoG;om;xJrS
,k=H unfonf?
Tpmukd zwf&_aqG;aEG;+yD;aemuf nD!Gwfa&;ukd taumif
txnfjzpfvmap&ef igwkd@ESifhaqG;aEG;zkd@ ae@&uftcsdefukd tjrefqkH;
csed ;f qk&d ef av;eufpmG wku d w
f eG ;f ygonf?
av;pm;pGmjzihf
ykH oef;xGe;f
77
23/10/47 ae@pEJG iS hf zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwo

D @dk
jyefpm
pmtrSwf (4)
zqyv tzG@J csKyf
trSwf 8 - csmcsv D rf;? &efuek +f rdK@?
ok@d pmtrSwf - 3 - x - 47
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwXD mecsKyf?
Am;u&mvrf;/prf;acsmif;?
&efukef+rdK@/
ae@p?JG 23 - 10 - 47?
udp?P ? zqyv wyfaygi;f pktwGi;f ok@d uGejf rLepfygwD jyefvnf
0ifa&mufa&;?
txufygudpPESifh ywfoufI jyef=um;pmukd ay;ykd@vkdufyg
a=umif;?
(yk)H ocifomcif
23 - 10 - 47?
wGzJ uftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; ?
zqyv tzG@J csKyf?
(zqyv) uGefjrLepfnD!Gwfa&;?
txufygacgi;f pOfyg udpEP iS yhf wfoufI (zqyv) tzG@J csKyf.
(25 - 8-47) ae@pyJG g jyef=um;pmukd uGejf rLepfygw.
D (8 - 9 - 47)
78
ae@pyJG g jyef=um;tyfaompmukd &&SI d atmufygtwkid ;f jyef=um;tyf
ygonf?
z/q/y/v uGefjrLepfnD!Gwfa&; acgif;pOfjzifh uGefjrLepfygwDrS
z/q/y/v tzG@J csKyfo@dk wifjycJah om z/q/y/v twGuf ¹cif;csuf 3 csuf
ESihf pyfvsO;f I zqyv tzG@J csKyfu rnfr#oabmxm;}uD;rm;pGmjzihf
nD!Gwfr_udk vkdvm;onfwkd@ukd jyef=um;pmwGif txift&Sm;awG@&Sd
vdrfhrnf[k ,kH=unfygonf? pifppfnD!Gwfa&;qkdonhf pum;rSm
zqyv uJhokd@aom vlxkwyfaygif;pkwcktwGuf okH;&efroifhavsmf
vSay? zqyv onf tzG@J aygi;f pH/k ygwaD ygi;f pk/H vlrsd K;aygi;f pk/H twef;
tpm;aygi;f pk/H pk&;Hk vsuf zG@J pnf;xm;onfjzpf&m xkt d zG@J csKyfrS pnf;urf;
t& rvku d ef mrapmifph nf;ojzihf xkwyf ,fjcif;cH&aom ygww D ckonf
zqyv tm; rnfo@dk aqmif&u G o
f ifo h nf/ aqmif&u G &f rnf/ aqmif&u G f
v#if ygEidk rf nf[al om oabmoufa&mufonfh pum;pma&;om;r_
onf txl;roifhavsmfuefvSay? zqyv onf trsdK;om;wyfOD;
jzpfonfqkdaom wu,fhtjzpfrSefukd vufcHIaqG;aEG;oifhayonf?
&ifaygifwef;ygwDwckjzihf ArmjynfrnfonfhygwD rnfonfhtpnf;
t&k;H urqkd oabmrxm;oifah y?
nD!w G af &;vk;H yef;&mY uGejf rLepfygwoD nf zqyv vkyif ef;pOf
ukd ArmEkid if v H xl u
k tkºH uaxmufco H nfth jyif zqyv vkyif ef;pOf
onf rnfolwpkHwa,muf wzGJ@woif;wygwDr# rjiif;Ekdifavmuf
atmif &mZ0ift& rSefuefaeonfukd xif&Sm;ay:vGifaeonf
jzpfojzihf zqyv rS aqG;aEG;&ef wifjyaomtcsuftvufwkd@ukd
uGefjrLepfygwDonf trSm;ukd 0efcH&ef pOf;pm;&ef tcsdefawmf+yD[k
,krH wS cf ahJ vonf?
79
txuftyk'd f (4) wGif azmfjyxm;onfph um;rSm uGejf rLepfygwrD S
jyef=um;vku d af ompmwGif (rnfuo hJ @dk aom tajccHtcsurf sm; aemuf
xyfvadk o;onfudk igw@dk em;rvnfEidk af tmif &Sad wmhonf?) qkad om
uGefjrLepfygwD. nD!Gwfa&;twGuf a&;om;onfhpmukd acsyjcif;
jzpfygonf?
Tae&mwGif zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS tenf;i,f&iS ;f vif;vko d nfrmS
zqyv/ uGejf rLepfn! D w
G af &;acgi;f pOfudk uGejf rLepf ygwrD S wGiw f iG o
f ;Hk
I 0g'jzef@cahJ omfvnf; zqyv tzG@J csKyfonf nD!w G af &;rludk txl;vkd
onf jzpfaoma=umifh rnfuJhokd@aom wifpm;jcif;ukdr# rwkH@jyefbJ
oabmxm;}uD;pGm ,ae@txd aphpyfaqG;aEG;cJhygonf? trSefrSm
uGefjrLepfygwDukd zqyv tzGJ@csKyf}uD;rS xkwfy,f+yD;onfhaemuf
zqyv tzGJ@csKyfonf ArmjynfvkH;0vGwfvyfa&; vrf;pOfwGif
azmufjyefcsKd @whJ rSm;,Gi;f jcif; r&Scd o hJ jzihf Ttajctaeok@d a&mufae
aom zqyv tzG@J csKyf}uD;ok@d jyefvnfow G of iG ;f yg&ef aphpyfaqG;aEG;
csurf #om jzpfonfudk zk;H tkyu f muG,x f m;&ef jzpfEidk rf nfrxifyg?
zqyv tzGJ@csKyfokd@ uGefjrLepfygwDtm; jyefvnfoGwfoGif;
Ekid rf nfh tajccHukd aqG;aEG;&mYyifv#if uGejf rLepfygwrD S ay;yk@d cahJ om
pmrsm;wGif a&;om;xm;onfh tokH;tE_ef;pum;t"dy`m,fwkd@onf
zqyv tzGJ@csKyf}uD;rS uGefjrLepfygwD. trSm;rSm;t,Gif;,Gif; jyKrl
aqmif&u G jf cif;wk@d udk vspv f sL&_&w
Hk iG rf #ru uGejf rLepfygwrD S ay;aom
&mZoH (3) csuu f v dk ufc&H ef a&;om;xm;onfudk awG@jrifzwf&&_ ojzihf
apwemoef@&iS ;f aom awmif;qkcd surf sm;jzpfonf[k zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS
vk;H 0,lq&ef rjzpfyg?
zqyv tzG@J csKyfonf twGi;f tjyif wku d yf eJG nf;y&d,m,frsm;
80
ESihf ywfoufI vufawG@usio hf ;Hk &mwGif uGejf rLepfygw. D t,ltq
usifhokH;ykHrsm;rSm vGefpGmjcm;em;cJhonfukd tus,fw0ihf &Sif;vif;&ef
vkdrnfrxifyg? zqyv tzGJ@csKyfonf ,ae@txd enf;y&d,m,f
wku d yf rJG sm;ukd twGi;f tjyiftm;jzihf rSeu f efaom vrf;pOfudk csay;Ekid cf hJ
onfrmS uGejf rLepfygwrD S jiif;qkEd idk v f rd rhf nf[v k nf; rxifyg? jiif;qk&d ef
vnf; &mZ0if&yk yf idk ;f tajymif;tvJt& rjzpfEidk yf g? TwGif zqyv
tzGJ@csKyf. enf;y&d,m,f,lykHESihf usifhokH;ykHwkd@onf uGefjrLepfygwDrS
csay;aom enf;y&d,m,f,yl Hk usio hf ;Hk ykw
H @dk rmS rnfonfu rSeo f nfudk
tus,w f 0if&h iS ;f &ef vkrd nfrxifyg?
uGefjrLepfygwDtm; zqyv tzGJ@csKyfESifh jyefvnfnD!Gwf&ef
ok@d r[kwf zqyv tzG@J o@dk uGejf rLepfygwt D m; jyefvnfow G o f iG ;f &ef
udpPwGif zqyv tzGJ@csKyf. ,ae@wkdif rSefuefonfh vrf;pOft&
atmifjrifcJhaom enf;y&d,m,f usihfokH;ykHwkd@ukd uGefjrLepfygwDrS
tºuif;rJh vufcH&efrSwyg; uGefjrLepfygwDrS zqyv tzGJ@csKyfukd
Ttajctaeok@d a&muf&ydS grS a&S@aqmifrnfo h a,mif jyef=um;csuw f @dk
onf zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS vk;H 0vufcEH idk rf nf r[kwyf g?
zqyv tzG@J csKyfudk w}udrpf nf;rapmihf opPmazmufczhJ ;l aom
uGejf rLepfygwo D nf ‚wk@d ygwu D dk zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS jyefvnfvufcH
Ekid &f eftwGuf ‚wk@d ygwrD S tcsuf (3) csujf zihf ta&;qkI d jyefvnf
oGwfoGif;&efxuf zqyv tzGJ@csKyfu ‚wkd@ygwDtm; zqyv
tzG@J csKyftwGi;f a&mufonft h cg vku d ef m&ef csay;xm;aom tcsuf
(5) csuu f dk aqmif&efrmS igw@dk twGuf ykrd t dk a&;}uD;onf[k ,lqoifh
ayonf?
xkd (5) csurf mS Ekid if aH &;oabmw&m;t&vnf;aumif;/ enf;
81
y&d,m,f vkyif ef;pOft&vnf;aumif;/ &k;d om;ajzmihrf wfpmG opPm&Sd
aom rnfonfyh gwD wpkw H ckr# jiif;qefy,f&mS ;oihaf om tcsurf sm;
jzpfonf[k zqyv tzG@J u r,k=H unfyg? xkt d csurf sm;. oabmukd
atmufwiG &f iS ;f vif;vku d yf gonf?
uG e f j rLepf y gwD r S a&;om;onf h t csuf r sm;onf zqyv
tzG@J csKyfrS tcgumvESit fh ajctaet& tm;avsmpf mG vkyaf qmif+yD;
vkyaf qmifq/J vkyaf qmifvsu&f adS om vkyif ef;.tpdww f a'or#om
jzpfygv#if zqyv u raqmif&u G o f jzihf wku d wf eG ;f oa,mifa,mif/
zqyv tzG@J csKyfxuf vlxu k kd apwemydo k a,mifa,mif t+rJwifp;D
a&;om;csurf sm;uko d m awG@&ygonf? tus,w f 0ihf &Si;f vif;&ef vkrd nf
rxifyg?
zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS uGejf rLepfygwu D dk vufc&H ef wifjycJah om
tcsuf (5) csuf teuf (1) csurf mS uGejf rLepfygw. D ya,m*zefw;D
r_rsm;a=umifh jzpfay:vmaom qlyal omif;=urf;owfjzwf vk,ufrr_ sm;
ukd um,uHajrmuftm;jzihf &yfpjJ cif; jyK&ayrnf?
qefvkyEGJ Sifh ywfoufI (uGefjrLepf) ygwDu atmufygtwkdif;
ajz=um;onf?
‘'kwd,urBmppf}uD;jzpf+yD;onfhaemuf urBmt&yf&yfwGif
iwfrw G af cgi;f yg;a&;}u;D qku d af &mufaeay&m/ TuJo h @dk iwfrwG af cgi;f yg;
aejcif;onf e,fcsJ@orm;wpku &duQmukd EkdifiHa&;vufeufwck
tjzpfjzihf tok;H jyKaejcif;a=umifh jzpf.? Armjynfonf e,fcs@J orm;.
pufuiG ;f twGi;f &Sad eor# tiwfjy\emudk tb,fenf;ESirhf # rajz
&Sif;Ekdif? aomhcsufukefypPnf; vkyfief;rsm;ukd wkdif;jynfykdifjzpfatmif
vky+f yD; ajr&Sipf epfukd zsuo f rd ;f ypfro
S m tiwfjy\emudk ajz&Si;f Ekid f
82
ayrnf?’
TwGif (uGejf rLepf) wk@d . qefpyg;&Sm;yg;jcif;ESihf iwfjywfjcif;
[laom udpEP pS &f yfudk &Si;f vif;jywfom;pGm em;rvnfbJ a&maxG;ae
[ef &So d nf? Armjynfonf Ekid if jH cm;ukd qefpyg;wify@dk a&mif;cs&aom
wkid ;f jynf}uD;wjynftjzpf yg0ifaeI ae@pOfwefz;dk ukaÉaygi;f rsm;pGm
&Sdonfh qefpyg;wefcsdef okH;ukaÉcGJr# EkdifiHjcm;okd@ wifykd@a&mif;cs&
aomfvnf; tjrwftpGef;&&SdonfrSm EkdifiHjcm;"e&Sif}uD;rsm;ESifh
trsd K ;om;puf y k d i f & S i f u av;rsm;omjzpf I wu,f E G m ;ES i f h , S O f I
&ke;f &aom v,form;rsm;rSm qif;&Jae=uonfrmS trSeyf ifjzpfonf?
xkud o hJ @dk qif;&Jjcif;'kuQ uif;vGw&f efupd rP mS (u) aomhcsuv f yk if ef;
}u;D rsm;ukd wkid ;f jynfyidk jf yKvkyI f vnf;aumif;/ ajrykid &f iS pf epfudk zsuo f rd ;f
Ivnf;aumif;/ (c) rw&m;}uD;rm;aom twk;d E_e;f jzifh pyg;ukd aiGw;dk
acs;pm;aeaom aoG;pkyaf iGacs;pm;olrsm;tpm; twk;d E_e;f enf;enf;ESihf
qif;&Jom;rsm;tm; aiGxkwfacs;Ekdifrnfh tpkd;&b%frsm; or0g,r
b%frsm; wnfaxmifay;jcif;jzihv f nf;aumif;/ (*) qif;&Jom;v,f
orm;rsm;xHrS aps;ESrd @f I0,f+yD;v#if Ekid if jH cm;ok@d tjrwftpGe;f }uD;pGmjzifh
a&mif;csae=uaom ukeo f nf}uD;rsm;ukd y,f&mS ;I v,form;rsm;u
rdrwd @dk pyg;ukd (or0g,r) pepfjzihf Ekid if jH cm;ok@d tpd;k &.tultnDjzihf
wkud &f u dk af &mif;csjcif;/ tp&So d nfw@dk udk jyKvkyrf o S mv#if qif;&Jom;
v,form;rsm;onf rdrw d @dk u|EJ mG ;jzih&f ek ;f I yifyef;pGm vkyu f idk &f aom
pyg;twGuf wif;jynfhusyfjynfh cHpm;=u&ayrnf? TudpPrsm;ukd
aqmif&Guf&mwGif rnfonfhtpkd;&r# ae@csif;ncsif;ratmifjrifEkdif?
tcsed , f I l aqmif&u G &f rnf? TuJo h @dk upd rP sKd ;rsm;ukd jzpfajrmufatmif
zqyv tpk;d &u pDpOfaepOftwGi;f wGif v,form;rsm; 0rf;pmiwf
83
jywfjcif; rjzpfap&eftwGuf iwfjywfaom ae&mrsm;ok@d aps;av#mI h
a&mif;&ef okd@r[kwf tcrJha0iS&ef pyg;wefcsdef wodef;ig;aomif;ukd
tvkt H avmufxm;&Scd o hJ nf? e,fwidk ;f e,fwidk ;f wGiv f nf; vlxt k zG@J
tpnf; uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm; yg0ifaom &dumQ tzG@J rsm;ukd e,ft&m&Srd sm;
ESihf zG@J co
hJ nf? wkid ;f jynfvx l t
k m;vn;f TuJo h @dk }udKwifprD cH surf sm;ukd
twdtvif;a=unmcJo h nf? TpDrcH surf sm;onfvnf; pDrcH sut f opf
rsm; r[kwf/ zqyv tzGJ@twGif;rS uGefjrLepfrsm;ukd rxkwfy,frD
tcsdefu zqyv tzGJ@csKyfu a&;qGJcJhaompDrHcsufrsm; jzpfonf?
okd@jzpfygvsuf uGefjrLepfygwDonf atmufArmjynfc&kdiftcsdK@wGif
qeford ;f yGrJ sm;ukd rdrw d @dk ygw0D ifrsm; acgi;f aqmifI }udK;=um;}udK;=um;
prf;I vkycf o hJ nf?
‚aemuf 1947 ck rwfvqef;wGif jyKvkyo f nfh jzL;awmifol
v,form; nDvmcHrSaeI wjynfvkH; qefvkyGJrsm; jyKvkyf=u&ef
‚aemuf txnftvdyfvkyGJrsm; jyKvkyf=u&ef trdef@ay;cJhonf?
uGejf rLepfygwu D 0efcxH m;onft h wkid ;f 'kw,d urBmppf}uD; t+yD;wGif
wkdif;jynfY t0wftpm; pm;a&&duQm &Sm;yg;enf;yg;=uonfESifhtr#
ArmjynfwiG v f nf; qefpyg;&Sm;yg;I ppf}uD;rjzpfru D xuf v,form;
rsm; ykrd q dk if;&J=uonf? ok@d aomf o,f,yl @dk aqmifa&; cufcaJ om ae&m
tenf;i,fwiG rf t S y/ Armjynfwjynfv;Hk twGuf +cKHI=unfv h #if tpm;
tpm&dumQ vkaH vmufonf? wu,fiwfjywfaom e,frsm;ok@d tjcm;
pyg;ykv d #aH ome,frsm;rS pyg;,lI tpk;d &u a0iSay;onf? ok@d ygvsuf
uGefjrLepfygwDu qefvkyGJrsm;ukd acgif;aqmifvsuf vkyf=uonfh
ta=umif;&if;ukd &Smvku d af omf &nf&, G cf suw f csuo f m awG@&onf?
xdk tcsuu f m; tjcm;r[kw?f wjynfv;Hk &Sd vlxu k axmufct H m;ay;
84
aeaom zqyv tpk;d &ukd vlxu k txiftjrifrmS ;apv#if xkt d csed f
tcgwGif usif;ycgeD;jzpfaom wkdif;jyKjynfjyK v$wfawmftrwf a&G;
aumufyw JG iG f zqyv tzG@J 0ifrsm; qk;H &H;_ I uGejf rLepfygw0D ifrsm; atmif
jrifap&ef jzpfonf? uGefjrLepfygwDonf zqyv rS xkwfy,fjcif;
cH&onfh tajctaetxd zqyv tzGJ@csKyftm; qef@usifbuf
jyKvkyo f nft h csed uf wkid ;f jynfvx l o k nf rdrwd @dk . aemufwiG f &So d nf[k
txiftjrifrmS ;+yD;v#if trsKd ;om;nD!w G af &; wyfrawmf}uD;jzpfaom
zqyv tzGJ@csKyf}uD;ukd zsufqD;&ef vkH;yef;cJhonf? zqyv ESifh
uGejf rLepfEpS yf gwD uGo
J nft h cg wkid ;f jynfvx l uk rdrw d @dk aemufwiG rf &Sb d J
zqyv aemufwiG f &So d nfudk awG@&onft h wGuf rcHr&yfEidk b f J vlxEk iS hf
zqyv aoG;cJGa&;y&d,m,f trsdK;rsdK;qif&mwGif qefvkyGJonf
y&d,m,f}uD;woG,f vufeuf}uD;w&yf jzpfonfrmS txift&Sm;yif
jzpfonf? uGejf rLepfygw. D csed qf csut f wkid ;f te,fe,ft&yf&yfwiG f
pyg;rsm; vk,ufonfudk tpk;d &tzG@J onf vufyu dk v f spv f sL&_ae&rnf?
odk@r[kwf ta&;,l&rnf? tu,fI vspfvsL&_aev#ifvnf; rod
em;rvnfaom olrsm;ukd acgi;f aqmifI uGejf rLepfrsm;u (yxr) qef
pyg; 0ifvrk nf? ('kw, d ) qif;&Jom;rsm;tm; a0iS&efxm;onfh tpk;d &
txnf*adk 'girf sm;ukd vkrnf? xkt d cgwiG f xde;f rEkid of rd ;f r& jzpf+yD; v#if
vlrormrsm;u aetdrfypPnf;rsm;ukd wufvk=u+yD;v#if wkdif;jynf
wwkid ;f jynfv;Hk rif;rJu h ohJ @dk jzpfomG ;=u&rnf? xkt d cg zqyv tpk;d &
onf jyKwfus&rnf? tu,fI qefvjk cif;ukd Ekid af tmifwm;jrpfaom
enf;jzifh (rormaom uGejf rLepfacgi;f aqmifrsm;ESi)hf rodem;rvnf
aom qif;&Jom;rsm;ukd aoewfEiS yhf pfI ESrd ef if;tkyx f ed ;f jyefv#iv f nf;
zqyv tpk;d &onf e,fcs@J vufyg;ap jzpfomG ;+yD vlx. k aoG;udk ajrok@d
85
usap+yD tp&Sad om aºu;a=umforH sm;jzihf zqyv ESihf vlxt k m; aoG;uGJ
atmif jyKvkyf+yD;v#if usif;yqJjzpfaom a&G;aumufyGJwGif zqyv
trwfrsm;tm; us&H_;ap&rnf? ArmjynfvkH;0vGwfvyfa&;twGuf
vnf;aumif;/ qif;&Jom;/ tvkyo f rm;/ v,form;rsm;. avmu
edAmŠ ef wnfaqmufa&;twGuv f nf;aumif;/ y&d,m,fa00kpf rsm;vS
onfh t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J pepftm; olw@dk .enf;wl y&d,m,ftrsKd ;rsKd ;jzihf
twGi;f vrf;tjyifvrf; wku d cf u dk af eaom zqyv tzG@J csKyfEiS hf zqyv
tpk d ; &tm; axmuf c H t m;ay;&rnf h t pm; uG e f j rLepf y gwD o nf
aemufausmrSaeI "m;jzihx f ;dk jcif;tm;jzihf Armhvw G v f yfa&; vkyif ef;pOf
udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ qif;&Jom;/ v,form;/ tvkyform;rsm;.
tusKd ;ukv d nf;aumif;/ rnfr#xcd u dk ef pfemrnfudk pOf;pm;qifjcifjcif;
r&SdbJ/ tjrifusOf;pGmjzihf qefvkyGJukd vkyfcJhojzihf vlxktpkd;&.
b¾mawmfaiG ode;f aygi;f (40) ausmf &_;H cJ&h onf? rodem;rvnfaom
qif;&Jom;rsm; tcsKd @vnf; aoqk;H cJ=h u&onf? xkad iGawGom rqk;H cJv h #if
qif;&Jom;v,form;rsm;twGuf trawmfaiGudk ykI d xkwaf y;Ekid rf nf?
wkid ;f oljynfom;rsm;. pD;yGm;a&; /ynma&;/ wk;d wufa&; vkyif ef;rsm;ukd
ykrd I dk ok;H Ekid af yvdrrhf nf? xkwd idk ;f jynfu qk;H &_;H aom aiGrsm;onfvnf;
qefvak om rodem;rvnforl sm;. vufxo J @dk q,f&mckid Ef e_ ;f r#yif
ra&mufbJ qif;&Jom;vlxk}uDukd aoG;pkyfaeonfh ajrykdif&Sif "e&Sif
pufykdif&Sifwkd@. vufwGif;okd@om a&mufcJhavonf? tb,fuJhokd@
a&mufonfudk &Si;f jy&OD;rnf?
qefpufwpufwGif Oyrm qeftdwfa& okH;axmif&Sdv#if xkd
okH;axmifrSm tpkd;&okd@ a&mif;+yD;aom qefpyg; jzpfonf? xkdpuf
ykid &f iS u
f rdrEd iS hf eD;pyf&m‘uGejf rLepfacgi;f aqmif’ tcsKd @ukd wdww f w d yf ek ;f
86
ac:I qefv&k ef aoG;aqmifonf? xkq d efukd vk+yD;onft h cg rorm
aom pufyidk u f tpk;d &tm; rdr. d qefpufwiG f qefo;Hk aomif;ausmf
tvkc&H ygonf[k pm&if;vdrI f vufatmufpyg;t0,fawmfrsm;ESihf
aygif;+yD;v#if tpD&ifcHonf? qeftdwfokH;axmifom tvkcH&aom
pufyidk &f iS t
f m; tpd;k &u wkid ;f jynf.aiGxrJ aS eI qeftw d o f ;Hk aomif;
ausmftwGuf avsmfa=u;ay;&onf? &aomtjrwfukd uGefjrLepf
acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf pufyidk &f iS u
f a0pm;=uonf? aemufwzef tvkc&H
aom qeftw d o f ;Hk axmifonf qif;&Jom; v,form;. vufxo J @dk
twdtusra&muf&?dS tb,fah =umifq h adk omf vkvmaom qif;&Jom;
rsm;xHrS qeftdwfrsm;ukd uGefjrLepfacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh }udKwifI
csw
d q f ufvyk x f m;onfh "e&Siu f ek of nfrsm;u qefwtdwv f #if ESpuf syf
E_e;f av;usyEf e_ ;f ESihf 0,f,ol nf? xkq d eftw d Ef pS t
f w
d f o,f,v l mv#if
xkdvl&aomaiGrSm qefESpftdwf wefbkd;aiG. q,fykHwykHom &
aomfvnf;/ tpk;d &onf wkid ;f jynf. tcGeaf wmfaiGxrJ aS eI qeftw d f
(20) zk;d avsmaf =u;ay;&onf? aemufwzef qeftw d , f v l maom
olrSmvnf; rdrd&&Sdaom aiGav;usyf okd@r[kwf &SpfusyfteufrS
uGefjrLepfygwDacgif;aqmiftm; qefvk&mwGif acgif;aqmifay;&jcif;
twGuf ylaZmfc aiGwusyf ok@d r[kwf ESpu f syf ay;&onf? TuJo h @dk
jyKvkyjf cif;twGuf wu,fiwfrw G f acgi;f yg;aom qif;&Jom;rsm;rSm
wu,ftusKd ;r&Sb d J tusKd ;&So d rl sm;rSm uGejf rLepfacgi;f aqmiftcsKd @EiS hf
uGejf rLepf0g'. qef@usib f ufjzpfaom v,fyidk &f iS pf epf. ud, k pf m;vS,f
"e&Si/f pufyikd rf sm; jzpf=uonf? &H;_ olrsm;rSm qif;&Jom;rsm;ESihf wkid ;f jynf
.vlxk jzpfonf? wenf;;tm;jzihfqkd&v#if ajr&Sifpepfukd tjrpfrS
Ekwfy,f&rnf[k aºu;a=umfaeaom uGefjrLepfygwDonf xkdajr&Sif/
87
v,f&iS rf sm;ESihf aygi;f oif;+y;D v#if wkid ;f jynf. ypPn;f ukd "m;jywku d , f jl cif;
tm;jzihf rwf(ufp)f 0g'ESihf uGejf rLepf0g'ukd t}u;D qk;H opPmazmufr_ jzpfay
onf?
TudpEP iS hf ywfoufI uGejf rLepf0g'. &efojl zpfaom v,fyidk f
ajrydik pf epfu, dk pf m;vS,/f qefpufyidk /f wkid ;f &if;om;"e&Sif vufwiG ;f ok@d
uGejf rLepfw@dk . ya,m*jzihf a&muf&o dS mG ;aom wkid ;f jynfyidk f qefpyg;
wefz;dk ESihf a&muf&ydS aHk &muf&edS nf;ukd wkid ;f jynfvx l t k m; wifjyEkid &f ef
pkpH rf;a&;aumfrwDwck cef@tyfvsuf pkpH rf;ae=u+yD jzpfyga=umif;?
qefvkyGJrsm; jzpfpu rodem;rvnfaom zqyv tzGJ@0if
qk&d , S v f pfEiS hf jynfo@l &aJ bmftzG@J 0if aemufvu dk tf csKd @ yg0ifcohJ nfrmS
rSeyf gonf? olw@dk TuJo h @dk rSm;,Gi;f &ykrH mS uGejf rLepfygwu D acgi;f aqmif
I qef v k a 0iS o nf h t cg rod e m;rvnf a om &G m om;tcsKd @ u
“uGejf rLepfygwD 0if=ua[h? uGejf rLepfygw0D if&if qeftvum;&rnf?
aemufr=umcif wk@d t0wftpm;awG tvum;&OD;rnf” ponfjzihf
xifjrifcsufay;vm=uojzihf a&G;aumufyG JeD;aeonfhtcsdefwGif
uGejf rLepfygwb D ufo@dk vlxt k csKd @ a,mifrmS ;ygomG ;rnfudk pk;d &draf om
zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS !$e=f um;csurf &Srd t D wGi;f e,f&dS zqyv tzG@J 0if
tcsdK@onf *a,mif*wrf;jzpf+yD;v#if vlxkukd rdrdwkd@vufxrJ S vGwf
roGm;atmif uGejf rLepfrsm;ESifh a&m¹yrf;I qef0ifv=k ujcif; jzpfonf?
xkrd mS ;,Gi;f csuu f dk XmecsKyfrS !$e=f um;csu&f v#i&f csi;f xkad emufvu dk f
i,fom;rsm;u jyifqif=uonf?
(tu,fI uGejf rLepfygwu D zefw;D aom wku d yf rJG sm;jzpfygrul m;
igw@dk tiftm;aumif;aom ysO;f rem; awmifiel ,fw@dk wiG f qeford ;f yGrJ sm;
jzpfay:p&m &So d nf? tjcm;e,frsm;wGif qeford ;f yGrJ sm; jzpfymG ;onfh
88
tcsuu f dk =unfyh gu igw@dk 0ifa&muf aqmif&u G af y;jcif;om jzpfonf
qkod nft h csurf mS rSeu f efa=umif; xif&mS ;ayonf?) [k qkx d m;onfh
uGefjrLepfygwDu rdrdwkd@=oZm&Sdaom ysOf;rem;/ awmifile,fwkd@wGif
qeford ;f yGJ rjyKvkyjf cif;a=umifyh if qefvyk jJG yKvkyjf cif;wGif zqyv ESifh
vlxk wrifaoG;cGJjcif;jzpfonf[k zqyv u twdtus pGyfpGJjcif;
jzpfonf?
qefvk&mwGif tpkd;&ESifh pyg;ta&mif;t0,f jyKvkyfaeonfh
rormaom qefpufyidk &f iS rf sm; tjrwftpGe;f &=uaomfvnf; tpk;d &ESihf
qefpyg;ta&mif;t0,f r&Sad om rdrw d @dk u,kd wf idk f qefoadk vSmifxm;
aom qefpufyidk f tcsKd @onfvnf; qk;H &_;H =uonf? ysO;f rem;awmifil
e,fwiG f xku d o hJ @dk pyg;okad vSmifxm;aom qefpufyidk rf sm; &S=d uonf?
xkq d efpufyidk rf sm;rSm uGejf rLepf0g'ukd rESpo f ufaomfvnf; uGejf rLepf
ygwu D dk a=umufIaomfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;ta=umif;a=umifah omf
vnf;aumif; axmufcaH e=uonf? tcsKd @vnf; aiGa&;a=u;a&;tm;jzihf
ulnDaeonf? uGefjrLepftjriftm;jzihf ajrykdif&Sif qefpufykdif&Sif
vlwef;pm;wkd@. wkd;wufaomtpdwftykdif; jzpfaeonf? xkduJhokd@
rdrdwkd@ vufoyfarG;xm;aom qefpufykdif&Sifrsm;ukd tdrfarG;=uuf
oabmxm;Ivnf;aumif;/ uGefjrLepfygwDtm; axmufcHaeonfh
xked ,frS vlxu k dk zqyv tzG@J csKyfEiS hf aoG;cJ&G ef rvdak wmhonft h wGuf
vnf;aumif;/ xkt d a=umif; ESpaf =umif;a=umifh xked ,f&dS qefuv dk &k ef
rckid ;f jcif; jzpfonf?
(zefw;D r_wu dk yf [JG al om oabmonf uGejf rLepfw@dk tbd"rRmwGif
r&S?d zefw;D wku d rf [ _ al om t,ltqonfyifv#if trSepf ifppftm;jzihf
uGejf rLepf0g'ESihf qef@usib f uft,ltq jzpfayonf ) [k uGejf rLepf
89
ygwu D jyef=um;cJo h nf? Tpum; rSeo f nf? xk@d a=umifh vDeif0g'ESihf
qef@usifaom zefwD;a&;wkdufyGJukdvnf;aumif;/ uGefjrLepf0g'ESifh
qef@usiaf om v,fyidk f ajrykid pf epf.uk, d pf m;vS,f pufyidk &f iS rf sm;jzihf
obm0rusaom rdwzf @JG jcif;udv k nf;aumif;/ jzpfapcJo h nf? uGejf rLepf
ygw. D rSm;,Gi;f azmufjyefaom enf;y&d,m,fudk igw@dk u tjypfwifae
jcif;jzpfonf?
uGejf rLepfygwo D nf uGejf rLepftrnfcaH omfvnf; uGejf rLepf0g'
. &efojl zpfonfh vlwef;pm;uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;ESifh &if;ES;D pGm obm0
rusaom rdwfzGJ@jcif; jyKvkyfI uGefjrLepf0g'tm; um,uHajrmuf
tm;jzifh opPmazmufc&hJ m e,fcsJ @pepftm; um,uHajrmuf tm;ay;
cJah omfvnf; Armhv;Hk 0vGwv f yfa&;/ qif;&Jom;vlxk aumif;pm;a&;
tp&S d o nf h &nf & G , f c suf r sm; rysuf r pD ; ap&ef t wG u f zqyv
tzG@J csKyfu oabmxm;}uD;pGmjzihf uGejf rLepfygw. D rSm;,Gi;f csurf sm;ukd
arhaysmufypf&ef jynfz;Hk um;csypf&ef/ vspv f sL±_ypf&ef rcJ,Of;acs?
ok@d aomf uGejf rLepfygwu D rdrw d @dk . rSm;,Gi;f aom vrf;pOfudk rSm;onf
[laom todOm%f ay:ayguaf omfvnf; uGejf rLepftppfyyD D &J&ifph mG
0efrcHEkdifygrl aemift&Snf qufvufI rdrdESifh aqmif&GufoGm;&ef
rnfonfhtzGJ@ur# oabmwl&ef vG,fulvdrfhrnf r[kwfonfukd
uGejf rLepfygwu D owdcsyt f yfayonf?
(uGefjrLepfrsm;onf wu,fhwu,f pdwfaumif;/ apwem
aumif;rsKd ;jzihf nD!w G af &;udk vkv d m;v#if rdrw d @dk . jzLpifoef@&iS ;f aom
0g'ukd tvkyjf zihjf y&ef ) xkt d csuEf iS hf ywfoufI uGejf rLepfrsm;onf
rdrw d @dk ya,m* rdrw d @dk zefw;D r_rsm;a=umifh jzpfay:aom zqyv vkyif ef;
pOf enf;y&d,m,frsm;ESihf qef@usiaf eonfh qlyal omif;use;f r_taygi;f
90
r+idrfoufr_taygif;/ zefwD;wkdufr_taygif; &yfpJypf&rnf[laom
zqyv awmif;qkcd suu f dk jyef=um;&mwGif ysO;f rem;/ awmifi/l &rnf;oif;
paome,frsm;wGif jzpfay:aeonfh qlyrl r_ sm;onf xked ,frsm;wGif 1945
ck t*Fvyd jf yefa&mufuwnf;u ppfwyfrsm;jzihf t=urf;zufI ESyd u f yG f
cJhonf? ‚aemuf jAL&kdu&ufrsm;ESifh ajr&Sifwkd@u t&rf;uma&m
ESyd u
f yG af eayonf? zqyv tpk;d & wufvmonfh wkid af tmif atmuf
ajcrS t&m&Sq d ;dk wk@d u zqyv tpk;d &ESiv hf x l k pdw0f rf;uGjJ ym;atmif
&Sad eaom tm%mrsm;udk tvGo J ;kH pm;jyKum vlxu k dk ESyd u f yG of jzihf
ckcrH r_ sm; ay:ayguv f mcJah yonf? t&m&Sq d ;dk wk@d onf zqyv tpk;d &.
aemufu, G wf iG f zqyv acgi;f aqmifw@dk . t&Sed o f ud mQ ukd tvJo G ;Hk pm;
jyKvky+f yD; olw@dk b0ukd wnf+rJap&ef vlxu k dk ESyd u
f yG =f uayonf? xko d @dk
ESdyfuGyfr_rsm;a=umihf vlxk. ckcHwGef;vSefr_rsm; jzpfay:vmonf[k
uGejf rLepfygwu D qkx d m;onf?
TtajzrSm tjzpftysurf eS Ef iS fh vk;H 0uGmjcm;aeonf? ±kwf
w&uf=unfv h u dk v f #if rSeu f efonf xif&aomfvnf; vufawG@tjzpf
tysuEf iS hf vk;H 0qef@usiaf eonf? zqyv tpk;d & rwufru D t*Fvyd f
e,fcs@J t}uKd uf e,ft&m&St d csK@d jyKvkyaf eonfrsm; &So d avmuf&o dS nf?
zqyv tpk;d & wuf+yD;onfaemuf zqyv tpk;d &. trde@f =oZm
twkid ;f !$e=f um;csut f wkid ;f e,ft&m&Srd sm;u aqmif&u G =f uonf?
rormaom t&m&Srd sm;ukd zqyv tpk;d & wufv#iw f ufcsi;f
ta&;,lcJhonf? ysOf;rem;ESifhawmifile,frsm;wGif zqyv tpkd;&
rwufru D qlyrl r_ &Sv d /S zqyv tpk;d & wuf+yD;rSom t}uD;tus,f
Ttcsuu f dk pOf;pm;&ef vkad yonf? t&m&Sq d ;dk ajrykid &f iS q
f ;dk rsm;a=umihf
[k qkad omfvnf; xko d rl sm; wa,mufr#rao aoolrsm;rSm zqyv
91
tzG@J 0if qif;&Jom; v,form;rsm;om jzpfonf? Akv d cf sKyfw&m;yGu
J kd
uruxulnDtm;ay;ojzihf ysOf;rem;e,fatvm+rdK@rS trsdK;orD;
wa,muf &ufpufpGm towfcHcJh&onf? AkdvfcsKyfw&m;yGJukd oGm;
a&mufem;axmif+y;D v#if Akv d cf sKyfudk =unf!adk =umif; &GmxJwiG f ajymrdI
ysO;f rem;e,fwiG f touf 60 ausmf tzk;d }uD;wOD; rsuaf phudk oHc|eEf iS hf
xk;d azmufI towfccH &hJ onf? &rnf;oif;teD; ysm;pD;&GmwGif zqyv
tm; rJay;&rvm;[kajym+yD; olyek q f o dk rl sm;u ukx d ed 0f if;ESihf ‚nDr
rat;tm; ajymajymqkq d dk ypfowfomG ;onf? anmifav;yifEiS hf zwdk
tykid f tkyzf &dk mG rS zqyv OuUX qif;&Jom; v,form;ppfppf OD;cspw f ;D
ESihf ‚.nDr rESi;f pdew f @dk tm; olyek q f odk w l @dk u ypfowfomG ;onf?
yg;pyfu atmfonfhvufeufESifh awmfvSefrS vGwfvyfa&;&r,f[k
atmfonf? v,form;tcgoyl ek x f &rnf[k Ed;_ aqmfonf? vufawG@
tvkyv f yk o f nfth cg ysO;f rem;/ awmifi/l &ckid ef ,frsm;wGif qk;d oGr;f ae
aom "m;jyrsm; "m;jyor*~rsm; zGJ@pnf;I pif+ydKiftpkd;&axmifonf
qku d m 0rf;pmpyg; ravmufonfh awmifov l ,form;xHrS w&Gmv#if
waxmifEpS af xmif tp&So d jzihf tcGeaf umufonf? wenf;tm;jzihf
rkud af =u;cGo J nf? rdrEd iS q hf ef@usio f l zqyv tzG@J csKyftm; axmufcH
olrsm;ukd toufajcmufq,fausmf tzd;k }uD;ruse/f rckcEH idk af om trsKd ;
orD;ygrusef &uf&ufpufpuf owfjzwfcJhonf? tcsdK@ae&mwGif
uGejf rLepfygwv D ufatmufcH "m;jyrsm;u trsKd ;orD;rsm;ukd rw&m;
usifhonf? ysOf;rem;e,fwGif uGefjrLepfygwD wyfeDacgif;aqmif
Akv
d w f m&mESihf ‚.tukd Akv d w f ifb;l wk@d uk, d w f idk af cgi;f aqmifI T
uJo h @dk &ufpuf=urf;=uKwfrr_ sm;ukd aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? "m;jytcsi;f csi;f
rcHr&yfEidk o f nfh tcsed wf iG f aemufvu dk t f csKd @u Akv d w f ifb;l ukd jyefveS f
92
owfjzwf&onfh tajctaetxd a&mufco hJ nf? aoolrsm;/ rw&m;
tusichf &H olrsm;/ epfemolrsm;rSm e,ft&m&Sd e,fajrykid &f iS f vlwef;pm;
rsm;onf wa,mufr# ryg? uGejf rLepfu u,fwifrnf[k aºu;a=umf
xm;aom wu,fq h if;&Jom;/ v,form;vlwef;pm;xJrS twkid ;f rod
atmif oem;p&maumif;aom vli,fvl&G,fvlvwf tzkd;}uD;ESihf
trsKd ;orD;rsm;om jzpfacsonf? qif;&Jom;vlwef;pm; tygt0if uHq;dk
rd;k arSmifusonfh v,form;tzk;d }uD; aumufpu dk rf trsK;d orD;uav;
wk@d om towfc&H onf? rawmfravsmu f si}hf uHjcif; cH=u&onf? Tok@d
qif;&Jom;tcsi;f csi;f owfjzwfEydS pf uf rk'rd ;f usirfh r_ sm;onf vDeif0g'ESihf
vnf; rywfouf/ pwmvif0g'ESiv hf nf; rnD!w G /f (rwfp)f 0g'ESiv
hf nf;
qef@usiaf vonf? trsKd ;om;vGwv f yfa&;ukad omfvnf;aumif;/ qif;&J
om;vlx. k u|eb f 0rS vGwaf jrmufa&;ukad omfvnf;aumif;/ wGi;f wl;
o+*FK[fonfh "m;jypepfZif (0g) "m;jyvlowf0g'jzpfonf? (0g) rif;rJh
wkdif;jynfjzpfay:aprnfh temcpf0g'om jzpfonf? TuJhokd@ Armh
vGwfvyfa&;vkyfief;ESifh qif;&Jom;vlxk vGwfajrmufa&;vkyfief;ukd
ysupf ;D aprnfh rSm;,Gi;f aoGznfaom vrf;pOfudk od&edS m;vnf aemifw
&=uaom tcsdK@vlqkd;rsm;a=umifhvnf;aumif; vlqkd;tcsif;csif;
owfjzwfaoqk;H oGm;=uaoma=umifv h nf;aumif; ysO;f rem;ESiahf wmifil
e,fwiG &f dS wkid ;f jynf. tajctaerSm +idro f ufoifo h avmuf +idro f uf
oGm;+yDjzpfaomfvnf; &ckid jf ynfwiG f +idro f ufoifo h avmuf r+idro f uf
ao;ay?
vlowf0g'ukd uGejf rLepfrsm;u TuJo h @dk pwifarG;jrLay;jcif;
tm;jzifh igw@dk . zqyv tzG@J csKyf OuUX}uD; Akv d cf sKyf/ ocifjrESiw hf uG
acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;rSm tonf;ESv;Hk om;rS aoG;pdr;f &Si&f iS f ,kpd ;D vsuf
93
r&_rvSowfjzwfjcif; cHc=hJ u&av+yD?
zqyv tzG@J csKyfonf wESpt f wGi;f vk;H 0vGwv f yfa&;pcef;ok@d
a&muf&&dS ef wkid ;f jynfo@dk a=unmcsw D ufcahJ om vrf;pOfrmS razmuf
rjyef rSefuefcJhonfhtwkdif; ,ae@txd atmifjrifvsuf&Sdonfukd
uGejf rLepfygwu D jiif;qkEd idk v f rd rhf nf[k rxifyg?
zqyv twku d t f cHorm;rsm;ESihf vGwv f yfa&; tzsuv f yk if ef;
rsm; t=um;wGif Akv d cf sKyftrSL;&Sad om acgi;f aqmif}u;D rsm; usq;Hk &onfh
wkdifatmif rqkwfrwGef@ qufvufcsDwufwkdufckdufaeonfjzpf&m
zqyv tzG@J csKyfonf rnfonfh tzsuv f yk if ef;pOfurdk # vufrcHEidk jf cif;
ukd odaptyfygonf?
txufwGif tusOf;r#azmfjycJhaom ta=umif;t&mrsm;t&
uGefjrLepfygwD. enf;y&d,m,f vkyfief;pOfrsm;onf zqyv tzGJ@
csKyfu ysKd ;axmifpak qmif;cJah om awmfveS af &;tiftm;pkrsm;yifv#if
+ydKuGyJ supf ;D ap&ef jzpfco hJ nfudk owdjyKoifah yonf?
Akv
d cf sKyfu, dk wf idk f touf&iS pf Oftcgu t}udr}f udrt f xyfxyf
rde@f =um;cJah om enf;y&d,m,frmS igw@dk . wkid ;f &if;om;rsm; aoa=u'kuQ
a&mufjcif; r&Sad pbJ igw@dk .vk;H 0vGwv f yfa&;udk &,lEidk rf nft h ajctae
&Su
d at;csr;f aomenf;jzihf &,l&ef jzpfonf? xkt d csed Ef iS w
hf qufwnf;
'Dru dk a&pDtcGit hf a&;ukd ykrd }dk uD;xGm;apvsuf &nf&, G cf suyf ef;wkid o f @dk
ta&mufcsw D uf&ef jzpfonf? Tenf;jzihf r&ygrS tjcm;&aomenf;jzihf
wkduf,lrnfjzpfonfukd wkdif;jynfESifhwuG urBmokd@yif a=unm+yD;cJh
av+yD? Tenf;y&d,m,f rSeu f efa=umif; uGejf rLepfrsm;onf zqyv
tzGJ@csKyftwGif;okd@ jyefvnf0ifa&muf&ef awmif;qkd&mwGif 0efcH&ef
OD;rav;oifhay?
94
Ttcsuf (3) csufESihf pyfvsOf;I txl;&Sif;vif;&ef vkdrnf
rxifyg/ txufwiG f azmfjycJah om tcsut f vufrsm;t& &Si;f vif;
em;vnfavmufonf[k ,k=H unf,q l ygonf? tyk'd f (4) ESihf ywfouf
I uGefjrLepfygwDrS ajz&Sif;csufrSm auseyfavmufzG,f&m r&Sdaom
zqyv tzG@J csKyfwiG f wifoiG ;f pOf;pm;qJjzpfaom udpw P &yfukd zqyv
. jyifypifjrihfESifh pme,fZif;rsm;wGif a0zefjcif;rjyK&ef zqyv rS
awmif;qko d nfudk uGejf rLepfw@dk onf jyef=um;&mY qk;H jzwfcsurf usrD
vlxkvufcHvmEkdifatmif a0zefcGifh&Sdoifhonfqkdaom ,lqcsufrSm
zqyv tzG@J rS awmif;qdck o hJ nfh tcsuEf iS hf qef@usiuf vJG aJG eavonf?
(u) zqyv tzG@J csKyf. qkv d &dk if;rSm ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;a=umifh
zqyv tzG@J csKyf twGi;f pOf;pm;qk;H jzwf&ef ay:ayguv f mrnfh udpw P ck
onf qkH;jzwfcsufrusrD tzGJ@csKyftjyif pifjrihfESifhpme,fZif;wkd@rSm
uGejf rLepfygwu D a0zefojzifh twGi;f a&;rsm; aygu=f um;apEkid o f nfh
tjyif zqyv tzG@J csKyf. vkyif ef;ESihf enf;y&d,m,frsm;onf zqyv
qef@usiaf &;*k% d ;f ok@d today;aygu=f um;&ef ta=umif;&So d nft h wGuf
xkud o hJ @dk a0zefciG u
hf dk zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS rnfonfeh nf;ESirhf # ay;Ekid rf nf
r[kwyf g?
(c) aemufwcsufwGifvnf; zqyv tzGJ@csKyf. t+yD;owf
qkH;jzwfcsufukdom pifjrihfESifhpme,fZif;wkd@wGif a0zefjcif;rjyK&ef
uGejf rLepfw@dk u vufco H nfth csuEf iS hf ywfoufI jyef=um;vdo k nfrmS
zqyv tzG@J csKyf. pnf;rsO;f t& XmecsKyftvkyt f r_aqmif. qk;H jzwf
csurf usrD a0zefciG ahf wmif;jcif; XmecsKyftvkyt f r_aqmif. qk;H jzwf
csuu f s+yD;aomfvnf; OD;pD;tzG@J u vufcEH idk &f ef xyfraH 0zefciG ahf wmif;
jcif; OD;pD;tzG@J . qk;H jzwfcsuu f s+yD;aomfvnf; ESpyf wfvnf nDvmcH
95
rSom vufcaH p&ef a0zefciG rhf sm;ukd awmif;&ma&mufojzihf uGejf rLepf
wk@d . awmif;qkcd suw f @dk rmS zqyv tzG@J csKyfw@dk rS ‚wk@d tm; xkwyf pf
&avmufatmif rvku d af &mEdik of nfh awmif;qkcd surf sm; jzpfaeonfudk
odaptyfygonf? uGefjrLepfrsm;ukd zqyv tzGJ@csKyftwGif;okd@
jyefvnfow G o f iG ;f Ekid &f ef tenf;qk;H vufc&H rnfh tcsurf mS zqyv
tzG@J csKyftwGi;f ok@d a&muf&adS eaom rnfonft h zG@J tpnf; yk*Kd~ vfurdk #
tjyifpifjrihEf iS phf me,fZif;rsm;wd@k wiG f a0zefjcif;rjyK&ef jzpfavonf?
(*) Tawmif;qkdcsufukd jyKvkyf&onfh ta=umif;w&yfrSm
uGejf rLepfrsm;onf zqyv tzG@J twGi;f Y &Spd Ofu zqyv tzG@J csKyf.
vkyt f qHh qJ jJ zpfaom vkyif ef;rsm;ukd uGejf rLepfygwrD S zqyv tzG@J csKyf
tm; a&S@aqmifv@H_ aqmfvsuf vky&f av[ef wkid ;f jynfvx l uk dk vSnphf m;
aomoabmjzihf rdrdwkd@ygwDa&;twGuf xdkvkyfief;pOfrsm;ukd pifjrifh
ESiphf me,fZif;wk@d wiG f OD;atmif 0g'pwifjzef@cahJ om tjypfrsm;twGuf
jzpfayonf?
(5) tcsufESifhywfoufI uGefjrLepfygwD. jyef=um;pmwGif
(qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;twkdif; vkdufemI taumif
txnfjzpfatmif vkyaf qmifomG ;&rnf/) qkad om zqyv tzG@J csKyf.
owfrw S cf surf mS rvkb d J tykjd zpfonf[k qk&d mY uGejf rLepfygwo D nf
zqyv tzG J @ csKyf t wG i f ; Y&S d p Of rd r d w k d @ .oabmwl c suf r sm;uk d
t}udr}f udraf zmufzsucf jhJ cif;rsm;ukd jyefvnfowd&oihaf yonf?
tvkyo f rm;tpnf;t&k;H rsm;tzG@J csKyfEiS hf tvkyo f rm;or*~w@dk
onf zqyv tzGJ@csKyftwGif; oabmwlqkH;jzwfcJhaom qkH;jzwf
csurf sm;ukd uGejf rLepfygwo D nf t}udr}f udrcf sKd ;zsucf jhJ cif;rSm rjiif;om
ay? TudpPa=umifhyifv#if uGefjrLepfygwDudk zqyv tzGJ@csKyfrS
96
xkwfy,fcJh&aom ta=umif;w&yfjzpfcJhonfukd jyefvnfowd&oihf
ayonf? Ttcsuu f dk aemufxyfrazmufzsuaf p&ef &nfoefvsuf
zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS trSwf (5) tcsuu f dk uGejf rLepfrsm; wm0ef,&l ef
azmfjycJjh cif; jzpfygonf?
ed*;Hk wGif 0rf;enf;pGm azmfjyvko d nfrmS zqyv tzG@J csKyfonf
uGejf rLepfygwt D m; tzG@J csKyftwGi;f ok@d jyefvnfow G of iG ;f jcif;tm;jzifh
zqyv tzGJ@csKyf. csrSwfxm;aom vrf;pOfukd apwemoef@&Sif;
jzLpifpmG jzihf tºuif;rJh um,uHajrmuf vku d ef maqmif&u G v f rd rhf nf[k
,lq&ef tajccHvaHk vmuf+yD[k r,lqEkid yf g?
txufwiG f zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS wifjycJah om tcsuf (5) csuu f dk
,k=H unfauseyfavmufatmif um,uHajrmuf vkyaf qmifjyoEkid jf cif;
r&Sad o;rDtcsed t f wGi;f uGejf rLepfygwu D dk zqyv tzG@J csKyftwGi;f ok@d
jyefvnfow G o f iG ;f a&;twGuf qufvufaqG;aEG;ae&ef Ekid if EH iS v hf x
l k
twGuf wpkw H &mtusKd ;xl;jzpfay:vdrrhf nf[k ,lq&efr&S[ d k zqyv
tzG@J csKyfu ,k=H unfygonf?
okd@a=umifh zqyv tzGJ@csKyftwGif;okd@ uGefjrLepfygwDukd
jyefvnfow G o f iG ;f a&;twGuf uGejf rLepfygwo D nf ‚tm; zqyv
tzG@J csKyfrS xkwyf ,fvu dk of nfh tajcwGiyf if &Sad eao;onf[k rjiif;om
atmif xif&mS ;aeao;onfuwa=umif; tjyeftvSepf may; urf;vSr;f
jcif;jzihf +yD;ajrmufEkdifaomudpP r[kwfonfuwa=umif;wkd@a=umifh
zqyv tzGJ@csKyfrS csrSwfay;aom txufygtcsuf (5) csufukd
tºuif;rJhvufcH&efrSwyg; tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Sdonfukd jyef=um;tyf
ygonf? Ttcsuf (5) csuEf iS hf ywfoufI uGejf rLepfygwrD S um,uH
ajrmuf vkyaf qmifjyoonfh tcsed w f iG f zqyv tzG@J csKyfonf uGejf rL
97
epfygwDukd jyefvnfvufcHa&;twGuf jyefvnfpOf;pm;rnfjzpfyg
a=umif;?
98
pmtrSwf(5)
zqyv tzGJ@csKyfOuUXxH/ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;xHrS aemufqkH;jyefpm
ok@d
OuUX? 8 - 12 - 47?
zqyvtzG@J csKyf 776? 4 A - u 47?
av;pm;pGmjzihf
zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS atmufwb dk mv 23 &ufae@pjJG zifh jyefpmwGif
atmufygtwkid ;f jyef=um;cJah yonf?
‘txufwiG f zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS wifjycJah om tcsuf (5) csuf
ukd ,k=H unfauseyfavmufatmif um,uHajrmuf vkyaf qmifjyo
Ekdifjcif; r&Sdao;rDtcsdeftwGif; uGefjrLepfygwDukd zqyv tzGJ@csKyf
twGi;f ok@d jyefvnford ;f oGi;f a&;twGuf Ekid if EH iS v hf x
l t
k wGuf wpkwH &m
tusdK;xl; jzpfay:vdrfhrnf[k ,lq&efr&Sd[k zqyv tzGJ@csKyfu
,k=H unfygonf?’
txufygpmt& zqyv tzGJ@csKyfu igwkd@ESifhnD!Gwfa&;
aqG;aEG;urf;vSr;f csuu f ydk if y,fcsvu dk af v+yD?
umvtm;jzihf rcef@rSef;Ekdifao;aom tcsdeftawmtwGif;
nD!w G af &;pum;ajymjcif;ukd vufrcH[k qkv d akd yonf? TtcsuEf iS hf
ywfoufI igwkd@.oabmxm;ukd twdtvif;ajymvkdonfrSm
zqyv tzG@J csKyfu nD!w G af &;pum; ajymqkad ejcif;tm;jzihf vlxEk iS fh
Ekid if t
H wGuf tusKd ;r&S[ d q k +dk yD; nD!w
G af &;ukd y,fcsapumrl igw@dk onf
t&H_;ay;rnfr[kwf? zqyv tzGJ@csKyf. nD!Gwfa&;y,fcsjcif;ukd
igw@dk onf vufrcHbJ nD!w G af &;ukd r&rae }udK;pm;rnf jzpfayonf?
99
uGejf rLepfygwED iS nhf ! D wG af &;pum; urf;vSr;f aeI vlxt k wGuf
tusKd ;r&S[ d k atmufwb dk mv 23 &ufae@wiG f zqyv tzG@J csKyfu
pmjzihjf yef=um;apumrl trSepf ifppftm;jzihf pufwifbmv 20 &ufae@
uyifv#if zqyv tzG@J csKyfOuUXu igw@dk tm; nD!w G af &;y,fcsvu dk f
onfh qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk yg;pyfEiS ahf c:I ajym+yD;jzpfojzihf xkt d csed u f yif
nD!w G af &;ukd y,fcs+yD; jzpfcahJ vonf?
&Jabmfwkd@u nD!Gwfa&;y,fcs&mY ta=umif;jycsufrsm;rSm
ra&&maom ta=umif;jycsurf sm;om jzpfavonf?
igw@dk u nD!w G af &;ESihf ywfoufI tajccHtcsuf 3 csuu f dk
wifjycJ. h ?
(1) tcsufrSm 1946 ck Zefe0g&Dv zqyv jynfvkH;u|wf
nDvmcHobif}uD;.qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk jzpfajrmufatmif aqmif&u G &f ef
jzpf.? Ttcsuu f dk &Jabmfw@dk oabmwlncD . hJ ?
(2) tcsurf mS zqyv tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ukd atmufajcrS a&G;
aumufwifajrêmuf&efponfh pnf;&k;H a&;ESihf ywfoufaom tcsurf sm;
jzpf.? TtcsuEf iS hf ywfoufI &Jabmfw@dk oabmwlncD . hJ ?
(3) tcsurf mS zqyv onf tzG@J aygi;f pkH t,ltqaygi;f pkH yg0if
aom tzG@J tpnf;jzpfonft h wkid ;f igw@dk . oabmxm; t,ltqukd
vGwv f yfpmG vlxak &S@arSmufwiG f wifjy&ef jzpf.? zqyv twGi;f rSm
om wifjyyg[k &Jabmfwkd@u jyef=um;ojzifh zqyv twGif;Yom
wifjyygrnf[k wkid ;f jynf.ta&;udk axmuf&u _ migw@dk .tcGit hf a&;ukd
tepfemcHjcif;jzifh &Jabmfw@dk .qENudk igw@dk vu dk af vsmcJah yonf?
igw@dk wifjyaomtcsuf (3) csuEf iS yhf wfoufI (1) ESihf (2) ukd
&Jabmfw@dk u oabmwl+yD; (3) ukv d nf; &Jabmfw@dk qENtwkid ;f igw@dk u
100
vku
d af vsmjcif;jzihf nD!w G af &;onf jzpfEidk cf . hJ ?
ok@d &mwGif nD!w G af &;rjzpfc?hJ
&Jabmfw@dk onf Ekid if aH &; pnf;&k;H a&;ESihf rqkid af om tcsu}f uD;
5 csuu f o dk m wifjycJah yonf? Ttcsuf 5 csuu f v dk nf; igw@dk ajzcJ+h yD;
jzpfavonf?
nD!w G af &; pum;urf;vSr;f aphpyfaeonft h wGi;f &Jabmfw@dk
bufrS nD!w G af &;tzsuo f rm;wpkonf nD!w G af &;ysujf ym;atmif
rnfuo hJ @dk vkyaf eyku H dk igw@dk t}udr}f udrf wkid =f um;cJah yonf?
‘uGejf rLepfrsm;ESihf nD!w G af &;rjzpfEidk ’f [k e,ftES@H tjym;wGif
xkn
d ! D w G af &;tzsuo f rm;rsm;u 0g'jzef@jzL;cJ. h ?
‘Akvd cf sKyfatmifqef;ukd owf&mwGif uGejf rLepfygwD taeESihf
ryg0ifawmif wOD;csi;f ygonf’ [laom0g'rsKd ; jzef@jzL;cJ. h ?
atmufajcwGif zqyv ESihf uGejf rLepf qk&d , S v f pfEiS uhf eG jf rLepf/
jynfo@l &aJ bmfEiS w hf yfew D @dk tvkyw f v l yk of nfh tcgwidk ;f vnf; tay:u
ydwyf ifwm;qD;cJ. h ?
Ttcsurf sm;ukd =unfjh cif;tm;jzihf &Jabmfw@dk txJrS nD!w G f
a&;tzsuo f rm;rsm;ukd &Jabmfw@dk onf rtkyx f ed ;f ±krH u v$waf y;xm;
[ef &Sad yonf? ok@d twGuaf =umifh nD!w G af &;onf TuJo h @dk ysujf ym;cJh
&ayonf?
nD!w G af &;y,fcsvu dk o
f nft h cgwiG f &Jabmfw@dk ok;H onfph um;
tokH;tE_ef;rsm;rSm a&S;tcgu e,fcsJ@orm;. vufyg;aprsm; AsL&kd
u&ufrsm;ok;H onfh tok;H tE_e;f rsm; jzpfayonf? ppfrjzpfru D wk;d wuf
vsu&f adS om ocifrsm;ukd ol&, d owif;pmu ±_wcf sa&;enf;/ *VKef
armifapmwk@d u &_wcf sajymenf;twkid ;f jzpfae.?
101
eD;uyfvsuf&Sdaom umvukd =unfhjyefv#if zqyv onf
tpk;d &tzG@J xJ ra&mufru D Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;tm; opPmazmuf[I l
vnf;aumif;/ jynfo@l &aJ bmfwyfz@JG tm; "m;jyrsm;[lIvnf;aumif;/
e,fcsJ@orm;ESifhAsL&kdu&ufrsm;u qJa&;cJh.? &_wfcscJh.? ,ckvnf;
&Jabmfw@dk onf Tenf;twkid ;f vky=f u.? uGejf rLepfrsm;/ wyferD sm;ESihf
ywfoufI r[kwrf w&m; ajymae=uayonf?
zqyv . rGejf rwfaom awmfveS af &;tpOftvm *k%o f u d mQ wk@d
ukd zqyv wGif ,ck}uD;pk;d vsu&f adS om vuf,m*k% d ;f onf zsuq f ;D
vsu&f adS =umif; xif&mS ;.? zqyv jynfv;Hk u|wn f v D mcHobif}uD;.
qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;ukd ,ae@txd jzpfatmifaqmif&u G &f rHk u xkqd ;Hk jzwf
csurf sm;ESihf qef@usiaf om vkyif ef;rsm;onf wae@wjcm; jzpfay:ae.?
xkrd w S yg; zqyv tzG@J }uD;rSm wae@wjcm; z&kzd &Jjzpfaeay.?
zqyv A[kOd ;D pD;tzG@J onf 3 v w}udrf usi;f yaom tpOf
tvm &Scd . hJ ? ok@d &mwGif ,cktcg rusi;f yonfrmS 9 v cef@ &Sad yonf?
aemufqkH;usif;yonfrSm 1947 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dvwkef;u jzpf.?
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;wk@d usq;Hk onfEiS hf ywfoufI zqyv OD;pD;tzG@J
tpnf;ta0;ukd ac:jcif;r&SdcJh? trSefpifppf 4 v twGif; AdkvfcsKyf
atmifqef; vky}f uHc&H jcif;avmuf }uD;us,af omta&; wkid ;f jynfwiG f
vnf;aumif;/ zqyv wGiv f nf;aumif; r&Scd ?hJ ocifEEk iS hf tufwvD
csKyfqkdcJhaom pmcsKyfESifhywfoufIvnf; zqyv OD;pD; tzGJ@wGif
wifjyjcif; r&Scd ?hJ Ttcsuw f @dk udk =unfjh cif;tm;jzihf zqyv twGi;f Y
'Dru dk a&pDtpOftvmrsm; ysujf ym;vma=umif; igw@dk awG@&dS ayonf?
zqyv twGi;f &Sd jynfo@l &aJ bmfEiS hf qk&d , S vf pfygww D @dk t+ydKif
tqkid jf zpfaecJjh cif; +rdK@aygi;f rsm;pGmwGif zqyv tzG@J crJG sm; ESpcf k ESpcf k
102
&Sad ejcif;wk@d udk =unfyh guvnf; zqyv twGi;f Y tpnf;ajyr_onf
rnfr#avmufjyif;xefa=umif; jyaeay.?
TuJhokd@ z&kdz&Jjzpfaer_ukd zqyv tzGJ@}uD;wGif ,cktckduf
twef@Y acgif;aqmifvsuf&Sdonfh vuf,m*kd%f;onf pkpnf;&ef
rvk;H yef; rdrw d @dk .Ekid if aH &;=oZm +ydKusrw _ &m;cHonf uGejf rLepfw@dk om
jzpfonf[k ua,mifuwrf; pGypf +JG yD; tjcm;wzufY rdrw d @dk .=oZm
wnf+rrJ t _ wGuf usm;ydew f , G f wG,af eonfuo dk m igw@dk awG@&ayonf?
ok@d twGuaf =umifh ,cktcg zqyv ukd wm0ef,al &S@aqmif
aeaom zqyv vuf,m*k% d ;f onf zqyv ukd zsuq f ;D vsuf &So d nf
[k igw@dk pq JG vdk adk yonf?
zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS igw@dk onf zqyv tzG@J }uD;. tpdwf
tykid ;f w&yftjzpf[k igw@dk u, dk uf dk ,lq+yD; zqyv tzG@J csKyf jynfv;Hk
u|wn f vD mcHobif. qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;ukd jzpfajrmufatmif aqmif&u G f
ae.?
igw@dk onf zqyv tzG@J csKyf}uD;ukd zsuq f ;D &efróu;pm; zqyv
tzG@J csKyf}uD;ukd *syef."m;atmufwiG f vnfpif;um zG@J c&hJ olrsm;wGif
igw@dk ueG jf rLepfrsm; yg0ifco hJ nfudk &Jabmfw@dk odayvdrrhf nf?
t*Fvdyfppfwyfrsm; a&mufvmonfhtcgwGifvnf; zqyv
tvHawmf}uD;ukd eHygwf (8) csmcsv D rf;wGif rm;rm;rwfrwf v$ix hf +l yD;
t*Fvyd pf pfwyfrsm;. t=um;rS zqyv }uD;ukd xlaxmifco hJ rl sm;rSm
uGejf rLepfygwyD if jzpfonfudk &Jabmfw@dk 0efc&H ayvdrrfh nf?
,cktcg zqyv }uD;onf *syefawmfveS cf ahJ om *k%af &mif
!dK‡ ;rdeS u
f m oHacs;tvdr;f vdr;f uyf+yD; toGm;acGaeaom "m;}uD;uJo h @dk
jzpfaeayonf?
103
igw@dk . qENEiS &hf nf&, G cf surf mS zqyv onf e,fcs@J orm;tm;
tykid ;f ykid ;f twpfwpf ckwx f pfEidk af om oefvsu"f m;ozG,f jzpfapvk. d ?
zqyv }uD; z&kzd &Jjzpfaeojzihf trsKd ;om;vkyif ef;}uD; usqif;
aeay&m trsKd ;om;a&;vkyif ef;}u;D w&yfv;Hk u,fwif&efonf vlx}k u;D
w&yfv;Hk ESihf igw@dk .wm0ef jzpfonf[k ,k=H unfum igw@dk onf quf
vufaqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf jzpfayonf?
trsKd ;om;vkyif ef;}uD;ukd u,fwif&ef wckwnf;aomvrf;um;
zqyv uGejf rLepfn! D wG af &; jzpf.? zqyv uGejf rLepfn! D w G af &;
onf vlx}k u;D w&yfv;Hk .qENEiS hf xyfwx l yfr# jzpfonfth wkid ;f zqyv
uGejf rLepfn! D wG af &;onf rkcsjzpf&rnf[k igw@dk ,=Hk unfayonf?
zqyv uGejf rLepfn! D w G af &;ESihf ywfoufI pum;urf;vSr;f
csuu f dk zqyv tzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;u y,fcsxm;ay&m nD!w G f
a&;ukd atmufajcrS wnfaqmufIvmrnf jzpfayonf?
TtawmtwGi;f zqyv acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf pum;urf;vSr;f
jcif;wkd@ukd igwkd@pGef@y,fvdrfhrnfr[kwf? ta&;ay:wkdif; zqyv
tzGJ@csKyfwkd@ESifh igwkd@uGefjrLepfygwDonf tvkyfwlvkyfoGm;vdrfhrnf
jzpfayonf? xked nf;wl ta&;ay:wkid ;f zqyv tzG@J csKyfonf igw@dk EiS hf
twl tvkyw f v l yk of mG ;vdrrhf nf[k igw@dk ,=Hk unfayonf?
&Jabmfw@dk tm; igw@dk owday;vko d nfrmS avmavmq,ftm;
jzihf zqyv uGejf rLepfn! D w G af &; r&apumrl rdrw d @dk wiG f &Sad eaom
Ekid if aH &;=oZmukv d nf;aumif;/ wefc;dk tm%mukv d nf;aumif;/ uGejf rLepf
qef@usiaf &; vufeuftjzpfjzifh tok;H rjyKapvk?d
uGejf rLepfqef@usiaf &;onf tvkyo f rm;/ v,form; qef@usif
a&; jzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzihf vlxq k ef@usiaf &; jzpfonf? 0uf0u H dk
104
&G&H mS rke;f wD;ojzihf awmrkq;dk tm; 0uf0u H odk wf+yD; ta&udq k w k cf idk ;f
aom &kupQ ;dk ewfq;dk onf rkq;kd u opfyifudk ckwv f o JS jzihf bkaH ysmuf
ovkdjzpfrnfukd owday;vkd.? uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;vkyf&if; vlxk
w&yfv;Hk qef@usiaf &; jzpfvmrnfuv dk nf;aumif;/ vlxq k ef@usiaf &;
vkyv f #if &Jabmfw@dk yg rkcsusq;Hk ysuqf ;D rnfuv dk nf;aumif;/ av;av;
eufeuf}uD; igw@dk u owday;vkad yonf?
&Jabmfwkd@ - &Jabmfwkd@onf ,cktcg igwkd@ESifh woD;wjcm;
uGjJ ym;aeapumrl &Jabmfw@dk onf igw@dk EiS t hf wl t*Fvyd f e,fcs@J orm;ukd
vnf;aumif;/ *syefe,fcs@J orm;ukv d nf;aumif; toufay;I wku d cf hJ
olrsm; jzpf.?
&Jabmfw@dk onf Ekid if aH &; vrf;rSm;vku d cf phJ Of igw@dk onf tpOf
ojzihf owday;cJ. h ?
Armjynfudk *syefrsm;rvmrDu *syefEiS ahf ygi;f jcif;. qk;d 0g;yku kH kd
igw@dk ueG jf rLepfygwu D owday;cJ. h ? xkt d cguw}udrf &Jabmfw@dk onf
rem,lc?hJ
*syefa&mufpuwnf;u *syefvw G v f yfa&;jzihf wjynfv;Hk rdi_ ;f rd
aepOf *syefudk wku d &f rnf[k igw@dk owday;cJ. h ? xko d wday;csut f &
&Jabmfw@dk EiS ihf gw@dk nD!w G of nfaeh @wiG f *syefukd atmifjrifpmG awmfveS f
EkdifcJh.? ,ckvnf; t*Fvdyf e,fcsJ@orm;onf igwkd@tm; EkdifiHa&;
tm%m v$aJ jymif;ay;+yD; ppfa&;t& pD;yGm;a&;aESmif}udK;rsm; &pfywf
xm;ayonf? zqyv uGejf rLepf nD!w G af &;jziho f m xkad ESmif}uKd ;rsmukd
jzwfawmufypfEidk o f nf? jzwfawmufypf&rnf[k ,ckigw@dk owday;
ae+yD?
Towday;csuu f dk &Jabmfw@dk ,cktxd rem,lao;?
105
Ttwkid ;f om oGm;v#if t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J orm;. axmifacsmuf
twGi;f usa&mufonfxuf usa&mufum &Jabmfw@dk vnf; t*Fvyd f
e,fcs@J orm;ukd wck+yD;wck t&_;H ay;ae+yD; taqmifta,miftm;jzifh
&&Sdaom vGwfvyfa&;onf tESpfom& uif;rJh+yD; t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ@
orm;uom oG,0f u dk If xm0&tkypf ;dk vdrrhf nf?
,cktcsed rf D igw@dk owday;ae.? &Jabmfw@dk jyefvnfpOf;pm;+yD;
zqyv uGejf rLepfn! D wG af &;udk wnfaqmufavmh?
igw@dk tqku d m; zqyv uGejf rLepfn! D wG af &;udk t&,lrnf/
nD!w G af &;r&rDtwGi;f tvkyw f v l yk af &;jzihf wckaom e,fcs@J qef@usif
a&; tiftm;pkjzpfvmatmif }udK;pm;Iwnfaqmufrnf?
e,fcs@J orm;ukd qef@usiaf omvkyif ef;/ vlxt k usKd ;&Sad paom
vkyif ef;wkid ;f &Jabmfw@dk u vko d nfjzpfap/ rvko d nfjzpfap/ igw@dk onf
vma&mufy;l aygi;f rnf? wlnaD om vkyif ef;rsm;wGif igw@dk EiS hf yl;aygi;f
aqmif&u G &f efuv dk nf; wku d wf eG ;f vkud yf g. ?
Tenf;jzifh nD!w G af &;udk t&wnfaqmuf=upd@k ?
av;pm;pGmjzihf
oef;xGe;f
8 - 12 - 47
A[kad umfrwD?
EkdifiHa&;qkH;jzwfcsuf aumufEkwfcsuf?
rSwcf su?f ? Tpmwrf;onf ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwrD S zqyv

106
od@k nD!w G af &;urf;vSr;f aeqJumvjzpfaom 1947 ck Zlvidk v f 30
&ufae@ (Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef; vky}f uHc&H +yD;aemuf/ 11 &ufajrmufae@Y
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD A[kad umfrwDu jyXmef;xkwaf 0cJah om pmwrf;
jzpfayonf? )
vkH;0vGwfvyfa&;okd@
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[kdaumfrwD.EkdifiHa&;qkH;jzwfcsuf?
vk;H 0vGwv f yfa&;qk&d mY ArmEkid if aH wmforRw}uD; wifajrêmuf
jcif;? ArmEkid if aH wmf0ef}uD;csKyfudk cef@xm;jcif;? ArmEkid if aH wmf tvH
awmfudk t&kt d aojyKjcif;? ArmEkid if aH wmf trsKd ;om;oDcsi;f ukd oDqjdk cif;
ponfh vGwv f yfa&;. taqmifta,mifr#om r[kw?f Ekid if aH &;wefc;dk
tm%momv#irf u pD;yGm;a&;wefc;dk tm%myg jynfo@l vufxJ &S&d
rnf?
ArmjynfrS e,fcs@J ppfwyfrsm;ukd &kyo f rd ;f ap+yD; trsKd ;om;jynfo@l
wyfrawmfw@dk jzihf wkid ;f jynfumuG,af pmifah &Smufjcif;? t*Fvyd yf idk t f &if;
tESD; pD;yGm;wkd@ukd wkdif;jynfykdifvkyfjcif;? ajr&Sifpepfudk zsufodrf;I
v,fvyk o f yl idk f v,f,m&apjcif; AsL&ku d a&pDpepfzsuo f rd ;f I vlxk
uk,d pf m;vS,t f zG@J tpnf;rsm;jzihf wkid ;f jynftyk cf sKyfjcif;ponfh tajccH
ajymif;vJr&_ rdS o S mv#if Armjynf.vGwv f yfa&;onf taumiftxnf
jzpfvrd rhf nf? ok@d r[kwv f #if Armjynfonf toGit f m;jzihf vGwv f yf
aom Ekid if jH zpf+yD; t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J orm;u oG,0f u dk t
f yk pf ;dk xm;aomEkid if H
jzpfaevdrfhrnf?
ok@d twGuf e,fcs@J ppfwyfrsm; &kyo f rd ;f a&; jynfo@l wyfrawmf
ay:aygufa&; AsL&kdkua&pDpepfzsufodrf;a&; t*Fvdyfykdif pufr_vufr_
vkyif ef;}u;D rsm;ukd wkid ;f jynfyidk v
f yk af &;/ ajr&Sipf epfzsuo f rd ;f I v,fvyk f
107
olwkdif;v,fajr&apjcif;[laom vkyfief;pOfwkd@twGuf wwkdif;jynf
vk;H u wku d yf q
JG ifvmatmif uGejf rLepfygwo D nf aqmif&u G &f rnfjzpf?
Tvkyif ef;pOfrmS uGejf rLepfygwu D xl;c|epf mG wDxiG x f m;aomvkyif ef;
r[kwfay?
1946 ckEpS f Zefe0g&v D wGif usi;f yaom zqyv jynfv;Hk u|wf
nDvmcHobif}uD;. qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;twkid ;f yif jzpfavonf?
zqyv tzG@J csKyf}uD;. 'Dru dk a&pDvyk if ef;pOf e,fcs@J qef@usiaf &;
vkyif ef;pOfjzpfaom Tvkyif ef;twkid ;f zqyv tzG@J csKyf acgi;f aqmif
rsm;u raoGznfbJ jrefjrefqefqefvyk u f idk o
f mG ;&ef uGejf rLepfygwo D nf
tpGr;f ukef aqmif&u G rf nf jzpfavonf?
'Dru dk a&pDtw k jf rpfrsm;tay:wGif tajcpku d af om nD!w G af om
orRwEkdifiHawmf}uD;ukd wnfaxmif&mwGif uGefjrLepfygwDonf
trdsK;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G of mG ;rnf jzpfavonf?
1946 ckEpS f Zefe0g&v D jynfv;Hk u|wf nDvmcHobifu owfrw S f
vku d af om qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;ukd tajcjyKonfh atmufygvyk if ef;pOfudk
igw@dk ueG jf rLepfygwu D wifjytyfayonf?
(u) vkH;0vGwfvyfa&;/ t*Fvdyfppfwyfrsm; tm;vkH;&kyfodrf;
a&;? ? t*Fvdyfppfwyfrsm; ArmjynfajrjyifwGif &Sdaeor# Armjynf
vGwfvyfa&;rSm vkH;0t"dy`m,fr&Sday? Armjynfe,fjcm;umuG,f&ef
okd@r[kwf Armjynftpkd;&ukd ulnD&efponfjzihf t*Fvdyftpkd;&u
jyaom ta=umif;jycsurf sm;onf tenf;i,fr#rckid v f aHk om ta=umif;
jycsufrsm; jzpfavonf? wkd;cJs@z@GJ pnf;xm;aom ArmjynftrsdK;om;
wyfrawmfonf jynfwiG ;f jynfya&;&mrsm;ukd umuG,Ef idk af vonf?
okd@twGuf t*Fvdyfppfwyfrsm; csufcsif;&kyfodrf;atmif vkyf&rnf?
108
t*Fvyd pf pfwyfrsm; &kyo f rd ;f a&;awmif;qkcd suu f v dk nf; zqyv tzG@J csKyf
wwd,t}udrfajrmuf OD;pD;tzGJ@tpnf;ta0;wGifvnf; azmfjyxm;
avonf?
Armjynf u k d u|ef v k y f x m;aom e,f c sJ @ orm;+Ad w d e f E S i f h
ppfa&;t& r[mrdwfpmcsKyf vkH;0rcsKyfqkda&;? ?
'kw, d urBmppf}uD; +yD;onfah emuf tar&duefe,fcs@J pepfonf
urBmudkv$rf;rkd;&ef }udK;pm;ae&m ol.aemufvkduf wynfhausmfrSm
+Awd o d # e,fcs@J orm; jzpf.? tar&dueft*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J orm;onf urBmh
'Dru dk a&pD tiftm;pkrsm;ukd wku d cf u
dk &f ef tazmfvu dk jf cif; jzpf.? rdr. d
vGwv f yfa&;ukv d nf; rdrb d mom zsuq f ;D jcif; jzpf.?
EkdifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;wkd@wGif oD;jcm;uif;vGwfaom ay:vpD
&Sd&rnf? 'Drkdua&pDEkdifiHrsm;ESifh r[mrdwfzGJ@&rnf? urBmh+idrf;csrf;a&;
&&Sd&efESifh rvGwfvyfaomwkdif;jynfrsm; vkH;0vGwfvyfa&;&&Sd&ef
,l t if t k d (urB m h u k v or*~ r tzG J @ csKyf ) uk d axmuf c H & rn rnf ?
toGiftm;jzihf vGwfvyfa&;ay; urBmha&;&mrsm;wGif Armjynfukd
ol.aemufvu kd jf zpfatmif t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J orm;u vkyv f rd rhf nf? TuJh
ok@d vkyEf idk af tmif Armjynfonf Ekid if w H uma&;&mrsm;wGif oD;jcm;
uif;vGwI f 'Dru dk a&pDusaom ay:vpDtwkid ;f vky&f rnf? ok@d ro S m
vkH;0vGwfvyfa&; jzpfrnf? Oyrm tif'kdeD;&Sm;/ AD,uferfudpPwGif
uk, d x f v d ufa&muf Armjynfu uln&D rnf?
EkdifiHjcm;ukeful;a&;wGif tpkd;&u tkyfcsKyf&rn rnf? ? Ekid if jH cm;
ukeful;a&;wGif tpdk;&u tkyfcsKyfrSom vkH;0vGwfvyfa&;ESihf nDay
vdrrhf nf?
EkdifiHjcm;om;t&if;&Sif}uD;rsm;. pD;yGm;a&; vSnfhpm;r_rsm;ukd
109
csKyfcs,af &&;? ? Armjynfudk toGit f m;jzihf vGwv f yfa&; ay;&awmhrnf
jzpf&m Armhp;D yGm;a&;ukd qufvufjc,fv, S Ef idk &f ef ArmxJrS t&if;tES;D
olrsm;ESihf Ekid if jH cm;t&if;&Si}f uD;rsm;. v#K@d 0u S pf mG pDrrH r_ sm;ukd tpk;d &u
csKyfcs,&f rnf?
rw&m;aom aºu;+rDrsm; av#mfypfa&; &;? ? vk;H 0vGwv f yfaom
ArmjynfwnfaxmifonfEiS hf Armjynfaºu;aygi;f 14 ukaÉESihf tpjyK&
vdrrhf nf? ‚aºu;+rDrsm;rSm ESpaf ygi;f 40 ausmf quf+yD;ay;&vdrrhf nf?
‚aºu;+rDrsm;ukd rav#myf pfEidk v f #if Armjynfonf vGwv f yfa&;&onf
qkad omfvnf; (aºu;wif-u|ejf zpf) b0u vGwv f yfrnf r[kw?f
t*F v d y f y k d i f puf r _ v uf r _ v k y f i ef ; rS e f o r# wk d i f ; jynf y k d i f
vkyfypf&rnf rn? ? ESpfaygif; 100 ausmf Armjynfukd vuf0g;}uD;tkyf
aoG;pkycf ahJ om vkyif ef;}u;D rsm;jzpfI ‚wk@d udk wkid ;f jynfyidk f rvkyEf idk v f #if
vk;H 0vGwv f yfa&; &rnfr[kwaf y? wkid ;f oljynfom;wk@d . jyefvnf
xlaxmifa&;ukv d nf; vkyEf idk rf nfr[kw?f
t*F v ef j ynf E S i f h wef ; wl t ajcxm;+yD ; ES p f O D ; ES p f z uf
tusdK;&Sdaprnfh ukeful;oef;a&;qufoG,fr_ pDpOf&eef? ESpfOD;ESpfzuf
tusdK;&Sdaprnfh qufoG,fr_ukd wef;wltajcxm;I qufoG,f&ef
vkad yonf? vGwv f yfaom Armjynfaxmifpo k rRwEkid if w H iG f Ekid if aH &;
t& oG,0f u dk cf s,v f ,
S uf m ppfa&;t&vnf;aumif;/ pD;yGm;a&;t&
vnf;aumif;/ tajcwnf+rJ&ef t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ@orm;u }udK;pm;r_
rSeof r#udk wku d &f u kd af csre_ ;f ypf&rnf? Armjynf. vk;H 0vGwv f yfa&;ESihf
ywfoufI trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmifw@dk txJrS t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J orm;tm;
t&_;H ay;vkad om tav#mah y;a&;orm;ukd usq;Hk ap&rnf?
(c) 'Drkdua&pDa&;ESifh wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm; ukd,fh=urRm
110
ukd,fzefwD;a&;?
vl x k a umf r wD o nf Armjynf o pf . tk w f j rpf jzpf & rnf ?
AsL&ku d a&pDom e,fcs@J pepf.r¾Kdif jzpfavonf? AsL&ku d a&pD. ae&m
wGif vlxak umfrwDrsm;jzihf tkycf sKyfro S mv#if e,fcs@J pepfvufatmufrS
vk;H 0vGwaf jrmufI 'Dru dk a&pDEidk if H jzpfvmayvdrrhf nf? wkid ;f jyKjynfjyK
v$wfawmfESifh ,cktwnfjyKxm;aom tkyfcsKyfa&;rSm AsL&kdua&pD
taqmufttku H dk rzsub f J rlvtwkid ;f yif xm;avonf? ok@d twGuf
vnf; igw@dk u, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;u jyifqifcsuo f iG ;f cJah vonf? ok@d &mwGif
zqyv uGejf rLepfn! D w G af &; r&Sad o;onft h csed w f iG f e,fcs@J orm;rsm;
ESihf azmufjyefa&;orm;wk@d tok;H cs&ef vufeufay;ovkd jzpfrnfp;dk I
‚jyifqifcsurf sm;ukd jyefvnf&yk o f rd ;f cJjh cif; jzpfavonf? AsL±ku d a&pD
pepf ae&mwGif vlxak umfrwDudk tpm;xk;d oihaf =umif; qufvuf0g'
jzef@ wku d yf 0JG ifomG ;rnf jzpfayonf? wkid ;f jynfwiG f vlrsm;pku vlxk
aumfrwDonf tkycf sKyfa&;. tajccHtw k jf rpf jzpfoiho f nf[k ,lq
,k=H unfvmaomtcg tkycf sKyfa&;ukd jyifqif&ef jzpfavonf?
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; uk, d =hf urRmud, a&; ? 'Dru
k zf efw;D a&;? dk a&pD
pepf. tajccHtkwfjrpfw&yfrSm wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm; ukd,fh=urRm
ukd,fzefwD;a&; jzpfavonf? t"dy`m,frSm ArmEkdifiHopfukd wnf
axmif&mY wkid ;f jynftwGi;f &Sd vlrsKd ;wkid ;f tm;vk;H oabmwl vGwv f yf
pGm wnfaxmif&rnf? Tok@d wnfaxmif&mYvnf; rdrw d @kd u=H urRmukd
rdrb d momzefw;D cGihf ay;&rnf? (zqyv jynfv;Hk u|wn f v D mcH qk;H jzwf
csu?f )
,ck wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKv$waf wmfrmS oabmwlncD sut f m;jzifo h m
zGJ@pnf;xm;&aomv$wfawmf jzpfavonf? wykdif;rSm jynfolvlxk
111
a&G;aumufwifajrêmufI uset f ykid ;f rSm acgi;f acguaf &G;cs,x f m;olrsm;
yg0ifavonf? xkrd w S yg; cGx J uG Ef idk cf iG Ehf iS hf ywfoufIvnf; 10 ESpf
=umrScGJ&rnf? cGJcsif&if b,fvkdcGJ&rnfponfjzihf wkdif;jyKjynfjyK
v$waf wmfu owfrw S xf m;ayonf? Ttcsurf sm;rSm 'Dru dk a&pDEiS hf
qef@usio f jzihf v$waf wmftwGi;f Y igw@dk u, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;u jyifqif
csuo f iG ;f cJjh cif; jzpfavonf? ok@d &mwGif zqyv uGejf rLepfn! D w G af &;
r&So d nft h csed w f iG f e,fcs@J orm;rsm;ESifh azmufjyefa&;orm;ukd tok;H cs
&ef vufeufay;ovkd jzpfaernfp;dk I igw@dk jyefvnf&yk o f rd ;f cJah yonf?
od@k &mwGif uk, d =hf urRmuk, d zf efw;D a&;udk wwkid ;f jynfv;Hk u vufcv H m
atmif }udK;pm;oGm;rnf?
wkid ;f oljynfom;wd@k tm; b0opfxal xmifa&;twGuf ajr&Sif
pepfzsufodrf;a&;ESifh tcsuftcsmukefvkyfief;rsm;ukd wkdif;jynfykdif
vkyaf &;ay:wGif tajcjyKaom pD;yGm;a&;pDru H ed ;f rsm;tm;jzihf 'Dru dk a&pD
pepfusaom pD;yGm;a&;pepfudk wnfaxmif&rnf?
ajr&Sipf epfzsuo f rd ;f a&;qk&d mY ajrtm;vk;H ukd tpk;d &u odr;f ,l
+yD; v,fvyk o f rl sm;ukd a0iS&efr[kw?f tpk;d &u awmifov l ,form;
tzG@J pnf;rsm;. tultnDjzifh pkpH rf;+yD; {uta&twGuf owfrw S u f m
xkdowfrSwfonfh {uxufykdaomajrukd avsmfa=u;ray;bJodrf;I
‚uko d rd ;f ,lv#if e,fcso J rm;ESihf yl;aygi;f olrsm;rSvI JG avsmaf =u;ay;
&ef jzpfonf? ‚ajrrsm;ukd awmifolv,form;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;.
tultnD jzihf v,fvyk o f rl sm;ukd a0iSay;&ef jzpfonf?
ya'o&mZfpepf zsufodrf;a&; a&;? ? 'Drkdua&pDpepfESihf ukd,fh
=urRmuk, d zf efw;D a&;. tajccHw&yfrmS e,fcs@J orm;. tkwjf rpfwck
jzpfonfh apmfbGm;pepfuJhokd@aom ya'o&mZftpOftvmrsm;ukd
112
zsuo f rd ;f &ef jzpfonf? xked ,frsm;ukd wk;d wuf}uD;yGm;vmap&ef tpk;d &
u wm0ef,&l rnf?
vlrsdK;csif;nD!Gwfr_? ? t*Fvdyfwkd@onf toGiftm;jzihf
vGwfvyfa&;ay;+yD;onhfaemuf wkdif;jynftwGif;&Sd vlrsdK;tcsif;csif;
yÉdyuQjzpfap&ef vlrsdK;a&;ppfyGJrsm; jzpfap&ef &nf&G,fayonf?
‘a&maxG;,Suw f ifaexkid af om vlenf;pkrsm; bmoma&; ,Ofaus;r_
vGwv f yfa&;ay;+yD; tcGit hf a&; wef;wlay;&ef vko d nf?’ (zqyv
qk;H jzwfcsu)f
toGit f m;jziho f m ay;tyfaom vGwv f yfa&;ukd e,fcs@J orm;
onf y&d,m,ftrsdK;rsdK;jzihf zsufqD;vdrfhrnf? e,fcsJ@orm;tm;
tav#mah y;vko d wl @dk a=umihf igw@dk widk ;f jynfwiG f tcuftcJawG@vrd rfh nf?
ArmjynfwiG ;f rS t&if;&Sipf ;D yGm;&Siw f @dk tm; av#mrh ay;bJ wku d yf JG
qifro S m vlx}k u;D .b0opf xlaxmifEidk af yvdrrhf nf? t&if;&Si}f u;D rsm;
pD;yGm;&Sif}uD;rsm;ukd av#mhay;jcif; vkdufavsmjcif;jzifh e,fcs@J orm;.
pD;yGm;a&;udk wnf+rJapayvdrrhf nf? urBmESit hf 0Sr;f pD;yGm;ysuuf yf}uD;
qkud o f nft h cg Armjynfonf tvl;tvdrchf &H ayvdrrhf nf?
ok@d twGuaf =umifh uGejf rLepfygwo D nf vGwv f yfa&;/ 'Dru
dk a&pD
a&;/ ukd,fh=urRmudk,fzefwD;a&;twGuf tajctaeopfrsm;twGif;
wku d yf q JG ifE&J$ vdrrhf nf?
113

CPB Afpfl

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

CPB Afpfl

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

zqyv

- tjyeftvSefay;pmrsm;. oufwrf;onf (1947 ckESpfu jzpfI)

- ocifwifarmif (usKH rai;) a&;cJah om rSww f rf;wck &Sod nf? 19 -

Armjynf uGejf rLepfygwo D nf Armjynftvkyo f rm; vlwef;pm;

azmufjyefa&;orm;rsm;u AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ukd ckwkH;vkyfcg

zqyv onf EktufwvDpmcsKyt f & e,fcs@J orm;ESihf aemufq;Hk

1946 ck atmufwb dk mv 10 &ufae@wiG f z/q/y/v tzG@J csKyf

(1) nD!wG af &;qko d nfrmS bmvJ

ponfw@dk udk vlx}k u;D uk,d wf idk u

z/q/y/v nD!Gwfa&; tajccHcsufrsm;?

(3) Armjynfppfwyf}uD;tm; wk;d cs@J a&;/ csKyfcs,af omOya'rsm;

zufqpfqef@usiaf &;jynfo@l vw G vf yfa&;tzG@J csKyf

pmtrSwf 424 - 264 - A - u 47 ae@pJG 8 - 9 - 47

23/10/47 ae@pEJG iS hf zqyv tzG@J csKyfrS ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwo

rSwcf su?f ? Tpmwrf;onf ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwrD S zqyv

Вам также может понравиться