Name_____________________________Period___

Unit 4 FIBN: Ionic Naming & Nuclear Chemistry

Ions
So far we have learned about Neutral Atoms where the # of ___________ = # of
___________
When you have an ______# of _____________ and ______________, you will end up
with an atom which has an overall __________. Any atom with a

charge is called an: ____

Often, atoms will lose or gain electrons to become more stable!
When an atom loses electrons (gives away negative) it becomes more:
___________
When an atom gains electrons (gets negative charges) it becomes more:
___________

Positive Ions are called __________. Metals tend to ________

valence electrons, losing their negatives makes them ___________!

Negative Ions are called ___________. Non-Metals tend to _________

valence electrons, gaining more negatives makes them ___________!

+
-

Metals form Cations

Metals almost always lose their ___________, forming positive
___________:
Na Na+1 + 1 electron
Ca Ca+2 + 2 electrons
Al ____ _+ ______

Nonmetals form Anions

Nonmetals almost always __________ electrons, and become negative
___________.
Cl + 1e- Cl-1
Chlorine now has 18 e,
just like Argon!
O + 2e- O-2
N + 3e- _____

Ionic Bonding
There are three types of chemical bonds: ___________, ___________, and ___________.
An _______ _____is an ___________ ___________ between a positive particle, also known
as a CATION, and a negative particle, also known as an ANION.
1

Electrostatic attraction
=:_____________________________________
Electron Dot Notation

3
6

5
8

(Lewis Dot Structure)

Before we can understand ________________, we need to know two things:
1) _____________________, one of the most important rules in chemistry.
4

2) ___________ _______________for each element on the Periodic Table.

represents the __________________

The dots represent ______________________
The pattern for drawing electrons helps us to understand how atoms lose or gain
electrons.
The maximum number of valence electrons is 8. (Except ____&____ which only have
2)

Noble Gasses
Noble Gasses are in group:___ ___________They are

Nobility or Royalty!
All the other elements in their ___________, want to be just like
them!
They dont like to bond with other elements because they
have already
___________ their ______________________.

The Octet Rule:

The Octet Rule: Atoms will either ___________, ___________,

or ___________
valence
electrons in order to obtain a full set ___________
_______valence electrons.
Valence = the outer electrons. These electrons have the ______________________in the
atom!

Electron Dot Notation

For the ______________________, (which are also called the _____________), the Group
Number is equal to the number of ___________ electrons.
Elements in the same ___________ will have the same ______________________!
>Use these example to help you draw dot notations.

Li
Grou
p
Eleme
nt

1A

Be
2A

Na Mg

3A

4A

5A

Al

Si

What
Charge
will it
make?

Labeling the Periodic Table

Take out your BLUE periodic tables:

Ne

6A

7A

8A

Cl

Ar

1) Label the number of valence electrons over the representative elements (the
As)
2) (Skip the Transition Metals)
*Keep this table out for a little while

Formation of an Ionic Bond

Ionic Bonds always involve the ___________ of electrons from a ___________ to a
___________.
They do this so that each may obey the ______________________.

Sodium Chloride (table salt)

Any ionic compound is a ___________!
The outer electron of the ___________ transfers to the
___________
Then, the oppositely charged particles ________________by static
electricity.

Oxidation Numbers
An oxidation # is the ___________ an atom would have if it became an _____.
Take out your Blue Periodic
Table and label the A Groups
as follows.

AND
Silver = +1
Zinc = +2
Cadmium = +2

Nomenclature
Nomenclature is a system for _________chemical compounds. It has very specific
rules you must follow.
We will start with the ___________ type of ionic compound, a ___________ ionic
compound.
Binary- means _______________________ are present.
Ionic Bond--means a metal with a ______________________.

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

1. Name the ___________ first
2. Then name the ___________, with an
ide ending.

Examples:
NaCl
LiBr
CaF2

Sodium chloride
____________________
____________________

Formula Writing for Binary Ionic Compounds

Sometimes you will be given the ___________ of a compound and be asked to write
the ___________ ___________.This requires four careful steps, and a periodic table.

STEP 1: Write the___________, metal first, then

nonmetal.
Al O
STEP
2: above each
symbol, write the
___________________
+3 x 2 = +6
Al+3 O-2
STEP
3: Write ___________ so that the overall charge of the
compound is____.
-2 x 3 = -6
(criss-cross)
Step 4:
REDUCE & Erase the oxidation numbers, they are
subscripts
NOT
part of the
formula, they just help us get the correct subscripts!
Al2O3

Example: Magnesium & Sulfur

Transition Metals Groups 3 12 (The B Groups)

Many ___________ ___________ have more than one possible ______________________.
(Sometimes they give away one electron, sometimes two, etc. up to
___________ electrons! )
Silver is always +1, Zinc is always +2, and Cadmium is +2
(Thats why you labeled those three on your periodic
tables)
Some other metals like ______&________, also require a ___________ ________in
naming compounds

Which elements need a roman numeral?

Its faster to say which ones dont! (Non-Metals Never Need
Roman Numerals)
Mark the ones shown on the board onto your BLUE
periodic Tables
Roman Numerals
Examples:
Name
Copper (I)
Iron (II)
______________
Tin (IV)

Formula
Cu+1
____
Cr+3
_____

It is helpful to label your

periodic table with the
oxidation states of the
common ones

Naming Transition Metal

Compounds
(except zinc, cadmiumalways +2, and silver always +1)
If you notice that the formula of a _____________ has a __________________, (except Zn,
Cd, Ag) you must use a _________________ in
the
compound name.
Notice that the Roman
Examples:
numeral often corresponds
FeCl2
Iron (II) chloride
to the subscript of the
CuO
_________________
OTHER ATOM.
________
Chromium (II) nitride

Writing Transition Metal Formulas

(except zinc, cadmiumalways +2, and silver always +1)

Copper (II) fluoride

Step 1 Write element ___________

CuF
Step 2 Put oxidation numbers above each element (The ___________ ___________
(II) gives the ___________ number for copper as +2).
Cu+2 F-1
Step 3 Write subscripts to make the charge total = zero, i.e. criss-cross.
Step 4: Reduce & Erase oxidation numbers
CuF2

Practice Together

Write formulas for the following:

Tin (II)
chloride:___________________
Copper (I)
oxide:___________________
Lead (IV)
sulfide:___________________

Name the following compounds:

PbCl2:___________________
CuO:___________________
SnCl4:___________________

Polyatomic Ions
Many common chemical formulas contain ______________________, which are groups
of atoms ___________ together, that carry a ___________.
(See your list of polyatomic ions on your blue class periodic table.)
Polyatomic ions ___________ ___________ as a group as they undergo ___________.

Common Polyatomic

Ions

-1

Hydroxide
OH
Most polyatomic ions
___________
NO3-1
are ___________, meaning
Sulfate
SO4-2
they have ___________
Chlorate
ClO3-1
+1
___________.
___________
NH4
Ammonium is the only polyatomic ion (we use) that is _________. It has given
away an electron.

Compounds with Polyatomic Ions (Ternary Compounds)

These compounds will have at least ___________ ___________:
1) A metal
2) A ___________ ion.
Name the metal ___________, and then the ___________
ion.

Dont change the name of the

polyatomic ion!
Naming Ternary Compounds
more elements)
NaNO3
CaSO4
Ba(OH)2
NH4Cl
KClO3

sodium nitrate
calcium sulfate
______________________
______________________
______________________

(3 or

When you see three or

more elements, look
for a hidden
polyatomic ion!
Never say
calcium sulfur oxide.

Writing Formulas for Compounds Containing Polyatomic

Ions
Use the four step process.
Example: ______________________

Step 1 Write the ___________ (polyatomic ion formula representing the name
given)
CaClO3
Step 2 Label ___________
Ca+2 ClO3-1
Step 3 Write subscripts that balance the charges (criss-cross)
**Use ____________________ to keep the polyatomic ion together
Ca(ClO3)2
Step 4: Reduce & Erase charges from your formula

Properties of Ionic Compounds

-Many ionic compounds ___________ in water
-___________ of ionic compounds conduct ___________. Ions can ___________!
(These solutions are called ______________________)
-Ionic compounds have ___________ ___________ melting points
-When melted (___________) they conduct electricity. Ions can move!
(Melted salts are conductors)
-Exist as crystals in a ______________________.

Nuclear Chemistry

4
2

Alpha Decay (Fission)

A large atom becomes more ___________ by ejecting

an
alpha particle (helium nucleus)
Atomic #: ___________ ___________ (2 protons
Radioactive

ejected)
Mass #: ___________ ___________ (2 protons & 2 neutrons ejected)

Beta Decay

A neutron splits into a high energy ___________ (beta particle)

proton.
Atomic #: ___________ ___________ (2 protons ejected)
Mass #: ____________(total # of protons and neutrons
the same)

and a

0
-1

stays

Gamma Radiation
High energy _________________ waves. Takes 10 feet of concrete or thick lead to
block.
Atomic #: ___________
Mass #: ___________

Neutron Emission

Atoms can eject or emit neutrons to help the nucleus become

Atomic #: ___________
Mass #: ______________________

stable

1
0

Neutron Capture

Atoms can ___________ or ___________ a neutron to help the nucleus become stable
Atomic #: ___________
Mass #: ______________________

Balancing Nuclear Equations

9

Li
--- >
______
3

140
209

62
83

Sm
Bi

--- >
--- >

Be

________
53
23

________ +
________ +

1
4
2

He

238
92

--- >

--- >

________ --- >

-1

11
6

He

________
+

0
-1

Fission

vs
-Fission of the Nucleus
(________________)
-Takes one large atom and breaks it up
into 2
___________ ___________
-Occurs in Atomic Bombs
-Used in ___________ ___________ _______
-Produces lots of ___________ radiation

Fusion
-Combining of ___________ ___________
-Two smaller atoms fuse to become
one
___________ ___________
-Occurs within ___________(Hydrogen
Fusion)
-Hydrogen-Bombs
-Less gamma radiation produced, but
LOTS of
___________

Periodic Table
Elements on the periodic table are written in order of their ___________ ___________
(or # of ___________).
**Remember on the first periodic table Mendeleev had put elements in
order of ___________ ___________ and then Mosely revised it to the proper
order
The ___________ /___________ (Column) an element is in tells us the ___________
___________ of that element, because elements in the same family will have the
same ___________ ___________ or # of ___________ electrons!
Some families are exceptions to this trend
Look at family 15:
The elements on top are ________________
The elements towards the bottom are ___________

Properties of Metals:
-High shiny Luster
-Tend to be __________ at room
temperature
-Malleable
-Good ___________ Conductivity
-Good ___________ Conductivity
-Lose electrons to become ___________

Properties of Non-Metals:
-Poor ___________ Conductors
-___________ as solids (not malleable)
-Poor ___________ conductors
-Gain electrons to become ___________