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1978, 2004
Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
My Book of Bible Stories

1993, 2008
Wachtturm Bibel- und Traktat-Gesellschaft der Zeugen Jehovas, e.V.
Selters/Taunus
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My Book of Bible Stories


Russian (Smy-U)
Made in Germany
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Druck und Verlag: Wachtturm-Gesellschaft, Selters/Taunus


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\a\+m1 dh1ZSVS Sada*D Z*1jnE V*V Sf 4\,dbH

/Z\-\ 4\,db SY\Z


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*V\, S SY\ZD  /,df /`d-Sf *]\ab\W\, \/SZ*V\,\1 SYq P

d/*D /Z\-\ S4 ZSf 4\,db d/* aV*`S\bE /`d-\-\ P d/*

*//1yD  ,\b SY1Z* \ab*WnZmf *]\ab\W\,B SWS]]E *e*Z*SW

Lb*V31 Z*4m,*1Ymy *`e\W\Y1yME *be1y S \Y*D

1`Zd,jSan S4 *Y*`SSE Sada ]`\]\,1/d1bB w1+1aZ\1


g*`ab,\ +WS4V\xD Z*1jnE hb\ ob\ 4* g*`ab,\H 'b\ `1*WnZ\1
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`*1YD
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Y\WSbnaqEP \+lqaZq1b \ZDP *j b1g Z* Z1+1a*fE ]dabn



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ab*Z\,Sbaq ,a1 fd31 S fd31D *S` S 1-\ 31Z* \h1Zn


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=7

 & d3*aZ\1D \WnV\ hb\ d+SWS \*ZZ*

`1abSb1WqD -\ Z1,4Wp+SW* 31Z* g*`q P `\/S*/*D


Z* 4*ab*,SW* g*`q \b`d+Sbn \*ZZd -\W\,dD

Sada obSY \h1Zn \]1h*W1ZD Z df\/Sb , d1/SZ1ZZ\1 Y1ab\D

\ Z*`\/ S/1b 4* ZSYD \-/* Sada ,S/Sb b\W]m Wp/1yE 1Yd
ab*Z\,Sbaq \h1Zn 3*Wn SfD Z `*aaV*4m,*1b SY \ \3n1Y
g*`ab,1 S Sag1Wq1b +\WnZmfD

 b\b ,1h1` V Z1Yd ]\/f\/qb 1-\ dh1ZSVS S -\,\`qbB


w31 ]\4/Z\E * Y1ab\ 4/1an +14Wp/Z\1D b]`*,n Z*`\/E hb\+m
\ZS ]\jWS , +WS3*yjS1 /1`1,ZS S Vd]SWS a1+1 ]\1abnxD
Sada \b,1h*1bB w1 Zd3Z\ ZSVd/* f\/SbnE ,m /*yb1 SY
]\1abnxD *b1YE \+`*k*qan V SWS]]dE \Z a]`*jS,*1bB w/1
Y\3Z\ Vd]Sbn 1/m /Wq ,a1f obSf Wp/1yHx
SWS]] \b,1h*1bB w b\+m V*3/\Yd /\ab*W\an f\bq +m ]\
hdbnOhdbnE Zd3Z\ \h1Zn YZ\-\ /1Z1-xD \-/* Z/`1y -\,\`SbB


w Y*WnhSV*E V\b\`my Z1a1b Z*jd 1/dE 1abn ]qbn W1]1j1V

S /,1 `m+VSD \ ob\-\ 1/,* WS f,*bSbE hb\+m Z*V\`YSbn ,a1
ob\ YZ\31ab,\xD
Sada -\,\`SbB w
dabn Wp/S aq/db Z* b`*,dxD
\+W*-\/*`S,


\-* 4* ]SkdE \Z +1`1b W1]1jVS S `m+d S `*4W*Ym,*1b SfE
* dh1ZSVS `*4/*pb Sf Wp/qYD /1an a\+`*W\an 9 >>> Yd3hSZ

S 1k1 +\Wnj1 31ZkSZ S /1b1yD a1 \ZS 1/qb /\amb*D \-/*
dh1ZSVS a\+S`*pb \ab*,jS1aq VdaVSE Sf \V*4m,*1baq
56 ]\WZmf V\`4SZI
*b1YE ]\ ]`\an+1 Sada*E dh1ZSVS a*/qbaq , W\/VdE hb\+m
]1`1]Wmbn *WSW1yaV\1 Y\`1D \hnp ]\/ZSY*1baq aSWnZ*q
+d`qE S W\/Vd +`\a*1b S4 ab\`\Zm , ab\`\ZdD h1ZSVS
Z*]d-*ZmD /`d- Z14*/\W-\ /\ `*aa,1b* \ZS ,S/qb h1W\,1V*E

V\b\`my S/1b ]\ ,\/1 SY Z*,ab`1hdD ZS V`Sh*b \b ab`*f*E
]\b\Yd hb\ Z1 ]\ZSY*pbE Vb\ ob\D

w1 +\yb1anEP da]\V*S,*1b Sf SadaDP 'b\ qIx \ \ZS





,a1 1k1 Z1 ,1`qbD \-/*
1b` -\,\`SbB waWS ob\ S ,]`*,/d bmE
\a]\/SE ,1WS YZ1 ]`SybS V b1+1 ]\ ,\/1xD P w/SxEP ,1WSb



1Yd SadaD 
1b`E ,my/q S4 W\/VSE S/1b ]\ ,\/1I /`d-
1b`
]d-*1baq S Z*hSZ*1b b\ZdbnE Z\ Sada a]*a*1b 1-\D

\4/Z11 Sada \]qbn V\`YSb bmaqhS Wp/1yD * ob\b `*4 \Z



V\`YSb Sf a1Ynp W1]1jV*YS S Z1aV\WnVSYS Y*W1ZnVSYS
`m+V*YSD  \]qbn ]SkS ,a1Y ,/\,\WnD *4,1 Z1 d/S,Sb1WnZ\E
hb\ Sada b*V 4*+\bSbaq \ Wp/qfH \-/* Sada +d/1b ]`*,Sbn

V*V ]\ab*,W1ZZmy \-\Y g*`nE Z*Y ZS \ h1Y Z1 Zd3Z\ +d/1b
*be1q 58B5P76C 59B6=P7<C \*ZZ* :B5P65
+1a]\V\SbnaqI

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 & 

=8

 E V*V Sada \+ZqW ob\-\ Y*W1ZnV\-\ Y*WnhSV*D


S/Z\E hb\ Sada ]\OZ*ab\qk1Yd 4*+\bSbaq \ /1bqfD
d3hSZmE V\b\`m1 4* obSY Z*+Wp/*pbEP *]\ab\Wm Sada*D

 h1Y a1yh*a SY -\,\`Sb SadaH *,*y d4Z*1YD

Sada S 1-\ *]\ab\Wm b\WnV\ hb\ ,1`ZdWSan S4 /WSb1WnZ\-\


]db1j1ab,SqD
\ /\`\-1 Y13/d *]\ab\W*YS ,\4ZSV a]\`D

\ob\Yd ]\4/Z11 Sada a]`*jS,*1b SfB w h1Y ,m a]\`SWS




]\ /\`\-1Hx * a*Y\Y /1W1 Sada 4Z*1bE \ h1Y j1W a]\`D \ \Z
a]`*jS,*1b SfE hb\+m ]\aY\b`1bnE aV*3db WS \ZS 1Yd ]`*,/d
SWS Z1bD
]\ab\Wm Y\Wh*bE ]\b\Yd hb\ ]\ /\`\-1 \ZS a]\`SWSE Vb\ S4
ZSf +\Wnj1D 1V\b\`m1 *]\ab\Wm f\bqb +mbn -W*,Z11 /`d-SfD

*V 31 Sada SY \+lqaZSbE hb\ 31W*ZS1 +mbn +\WnjSY P


Z1]`*,SWnZ\1H
Sada ]\/4m,*1b Y*W1ZnV\-\ Y*WnhSV* S ab*,Sb 1-\
]1`1/ *]\ab\W*YSD *b1Y \Z -\,\`Sb SYB w) f\hdE hb\+m ,m
qaZ\ ]\ZqWSB 1aWS ,m Z1 S4Y1ZSb1an S Z1 ab*Z1b1 V*V /1bSE b\


Z1 ,\y/1b1 , \3n1 g*`ab,\D b\ ab*Z1b V*V ob\b `1+1Z\VE
b\b S +\WnjSy , g*`ab,1xD Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd Sada b*V aV*4*WH
+mhZ\ a\,a1Y Y*W1ZnVSf /1b1y Z1 ,\WZd1bE +\Wnj1 WS \ZS
SWS -W*,Z11 /`d-SfD
\ob\Yd *]\ab\Wm /\W3Zm +mWS dhSbnaq
d /1b1y S Z1 aa\`Sbnaq S4O4* b\-\E Vb\ +\Wnj1 SWS -W*,Z11D
Sada Z1 `*4 ]\V*4m,*WE hb\ \Z SaV`1ZZ1 SZb1`1ad1baq
Y*W1ZnVSYS /1bnYSD 1`14 Z1aV\WnV\ Y1aqg1, Z1V\b\`m1 Wp/S
]`S,\/qb V Sadad a,\Sf /1b1yD \ *]\ab\Wm Z1 ]daV*pb SfD
/Z*V\ Sada ,1WSb *]\ab\W*YB w
dabn /1bS ]`Sf\/qb V\ YZ1D
1 4*]`1k*yb1 SYE ]\b\Yd hb\ g*`ab,\ \-* ]`SZ*/W13Sb
b*VSYE V*V \ZSxD E \+ZSY*q /1b1yE Sada +W*-\aW\,Wq1b SfD
*4,1 Z1 `*/\abZ\ 4Z*bnE hb\ Sada Wp+Sb Y*W1ZnVSf /1b1yH
*be1q 5<B5P8C 5=B57P59C *`V* =B77P7;C 5>B57P5:

   

=9

% Sada -\,\`Sb \/Z\Yd h1W\,1VdE hb\ Zd3Z\


Wp+Sbn a,\1-\ +WS3Z1-\D \-/* b\b h1W\,1V a]`*jS,*1b

Sada*B w Vb\ Y\y +WS3ZSyHx Sada 4Z*1bE \ h1Y /dY*1b ob\b
h1W\,1VD Z ahSb*1bE hb\ b\WnV\ Wp/S 1-\ Z*gS\Z*WnZ\abS
S `1WS-SS P 1-\ +WS3ZS1D
\ob\Yd /*,*y ]\aY\b`SYE hb\ 1Yd
\b,1h*1b SadaD

Z\-/*E hb\+m h1YdOb\ Z*dhSbnE Sada `*aaV*4m,*1b


V*VdpOZS+d/n Sab\`SpD *V \Z ]\abd]*1b S Z* ob\b `*4D Z

`*aaV*4m,*1b Sab\`Sp \+ Sd/11 S a*Y*`SbqZSZ1D m d31

d4Z*WSE hb\ +\WnjSZab,\ Sd/11, Z1 Wp+qb a*Y*`SbqZD \b


V*Vdp Sab\`Sp `*aaV*4m,*1b SadaD

/SZ Sd/1y a]daV*Waq ]\ -\`Z\y /\`\-1 , -\`\/ 1`Sf\ZD


/`d- Z* Z1-\ Z*]*WS `*4+\yZSVSD ZS \b\+`*WS d Z1-\ /1Zn-S
S S4+SWS 1-\ /\ ]\WdaY1`bSD
]dabq Z1V\b\`\1 ,`1Yq ]\ ob\y 31 /\`\-1 ]`\f\/SW
Sd/1yaVSy a,qk1ZZSVD *V bm /dY*1jnE hb\ \Z a/1W*WE V\-/*

d,S/1W S4+Sb\-\ h1W\,1V*H Z ]`\ab\ ]1`1j1W Z* /`d-dp

ab\`\Zd /\`\-S S ]\j1W /*Wnj1D *V31 b*Y ]`\f\/SW /`d-\y
\h1Zn ,1`dpkSy h1W\,1VD 'b\ +mW W1,SbD ab*Z\,SWaq WS \ZE

hb\+m ]\Y\hn S4+Sb\Yd h1W\,1VdH 1bE \Z b\31 ]`\j1W YSY\D
S/SjnE V*V a,qk1ZZSV S W1,Sb df\/qbH
\ ]\aY\b`SE Vb\ aS/Sb
,\4W1 S4+Sb\-\ h1W\,1V*H

'b\ a*Y*`SbqZSZD 1yh*a


\Z \V*4m,*1b ob\Yd Sd/1p
]\Y\knD Z ]\WS,*1b 1-\
`*Zm W1V*`ab,\YD
\aW1
ob\-\ \Z \b,\4Sb Sd/1q
bd/*E -/1 b\b Y\31b
\b/\fZdbn S ]\]`*,SbnaqD
*aaV*4*, obd Sab\`SpE
Sada a]`*jS,*1b h1W\O
,1V*E V\b\`my 4*/*W 1Yd

,\]`\aB w*V bm /dY*1jnE Vb\ S4 obSf b`\Sf ab*W +WS3ZSY


S4+Sb\Yd h1W\,1Vd S ]`\q,SW V Z1Yd /\+`\bdH ,qk1ZZSVE

W1,Sb SWS a*Y*`SbqZSZHx

1W\,1V \b,1h*1bB w*Y*`SbqZSZD 'b\ \Z ]`\q,SW /\+`\bd


V S4+Sb\Yd h1W\,1VdxD
Sada aV*4*W 1YdB w
`*,SWnZ\D /S S a*Y ]\abd]*y a /`d-SYS
Wp/nYS b*V 31xD
1+1 Z`*,SbaqE V*V dhSb SadaH m Y\31Y YZ\-\Yd
Z*dhSbnaqE 1aWS +d/1Y ,ZSY*b1WnZm V\ ,a1YdE hb\ Sada
-\,\`Sb , S+WSSD
dVS 5>B69P7;

 ) 
& %

=:

 f\/Sb ]\ ab`*Z1 S Sag1Wq1b +\WnZmfD WdfS \+


obSf hd/1a*f `*4Z\aqbaq ]\ ,a1Y -\`\/*Y S /1`1,ZqYD p/S
]`S,\/qb V Sadad V*W1VE aW1]mfE -WdfSf S YZ\-Sf /`d-Sf
+\WnZmfD  \Z ,a1f Sag1Wq1bD

`\jW\ d31 +\Wnj1 b`1f W1b ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V \*ZZ V`1abSW

Sada*D Sada a\\+k*1b *]\ab\W*YE hb\ aV\`\ \Z ]\y/1b


, 1`da*WSYE -/1 +d/1b d+Sb S 4*b1Y ,\aV`1j1Z S4 Y1`b,mfD
 ]\V* Sada ]`\/\W3*1b Sag1Wqbn +\WnZmfD

*VOb\ `*4 Sada dhSb , ad++\bdD Wq Sd/11, ad++\b* P /1Zn


\b/mf*D 1ZkSZ*E V\b\`dp bm 4/1an ,S/SjnE bq31W\ +\WnZ*D
\b d31 5< W1b \Z* a-\`+W1Z* S Z1 Y\31b `*4\-ZdbnaqD Sada


VW*/1b Z* Z11 `dVSE S \Z* ,m]`qYWq1baqD 1ZkSZ* Sag1WSW*anI
1WS-S\4Zm1 `dV\,\/Sb1WS ,Z1 a1+q \b q`\abSD wabn j1abn
/Z1yE , V\b\`m1 Ym /\W3Zm ,m]\WZqbn `*+\bdEP V`ShSb Z*`\/d
\/SZ S4 ZSfDP \b , obS /ZS S ]`Sf\/Sb1 Sag1WqbnaqE * Z1
, ad++\bdIx
\ Sada -\,\`SbB w 1aa1`/1hZm1 ,m Wp/SD *3/my S4 ,*a

, ad++\bd \b,q4m,*1b a,\1-\ \aW* S ,1/1b 1-\ ]\SbnD *V ]\h1Yd
31 obd +1/Zdp 31ZkSZdE V\b\`*q 5< W1b +\W11bE Z1Wn4q Sag1WSbn
, ad++\bdHx W\,* Sada* ]`Sabm3*pb obSf 4Wmf Wp/1yD

\4/Z11 Sada S *]\ab\Wm S/db , 1`da*WSYD \-/* \ZS

,mf\/qb S4 -\`\/* 1`Sf\ZE d /\`\-S aS/qb /,\1 aW1]mf S ]`\aqb


YSW\abmZpD aWmj*,E hb\ YSY\ ]`\f\/Sb SadaE \ZS V`Sh*bB
wSadaE ]\Y\-S Z*YIx
Sada ]\/4m,*1b Sf S a]`*jS,*1bB w b\ ,m f\bSb1E hb\+m
q a/1W*W /Wq ,*aHx ZS \b,1h*pbB w\a]\/SE ]dabn \bV`\pbaq
Z*jS -W*4*xD \-/* Sada ]`SV*a*1baq V Sf -W*4*YE S \ZS bdb 31
Z*hSZ*pb ,S/1bnI Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd Sada a\,1`j*1b ab\WnV\
d/S,Sb1WnZmf hd/1aH
\b\Yd hb\ \Z Wp+Sb Wp/1y S f\h1bE
hb\+m \ZS ,1`SWS , Z1-\D
\ob\Yd Ym Y\31Y +mbn d,1`1ZmE hb\E

V\-/* Sada ab*Z1b *`1YE ZS \/SZ h1W\,1V Z* 41YW1 Z1 +d/1b
*be1q 59B7>E 75C dVS 57B5>P5;C *be1q 6>B6=P78
+\W1bnD

 $     &

=;

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V\b\`m1 ]`\aSWS YSW\abmZp d /\`\-SE \Z ]`Sf\/Sb
, Z1+\Wnjdp /1`1,Zp Z1/*W1V\ \b 1`da*WSY*D Sada ]`\aSb


/,df dh1ZSV\,B w
\y/Sb1 , /1`1,ZpD *Y ,m Z*y/1b1 \aW1ZV*D
b,q3Sb1 1-\ S ]`S,1/Sb1 V\ YZ1xD

\-/* \aW1ZV* ]`S,\/qbE Sada a*/Sbaq Z* Z1-\ ,1`f\Y
S 1/1b , 1`da*WSYD  -\`\/* Sada* ,ab`1h*1b +\Wnj*q
b\W]*D Z\-S1 aZSY*pb a a1+q ,1`fZpp \/13/d S `*aabSW*pb

11 Z* /\`\-1D `d-S1 a`14*pb ]*WnY\,m1 ,1b,S S b\31 VW*/db
Sf Z* /\`\-dD p/S ,\ab\`31ZZ\ ,\aVWSg*pbB w
dabn \
+W*-\aW\,Sb g*`qE V\b\`my S/1b ,\ SYq 1-\,mIx


k1 a /*,ZSf ,`1Y1Z , 4`*SW1 adO
k1ab,d1b \+mh*yB Z\,my g*`nE 31W*pkSy
]\V*4*bn a1+q Z*`\/dE ,l143*1b , 1`da*O

WSY Z* \aW1ZV1D Y1ZZ\ ob\ S /1W*1b a1yh*a

SadaD p/S ]\V*4m,*pbE hb\ \ZS f\bqbE hb\+m Sada +mW



Sf g*`1YD \ ob\-\ f\bqb Z1 ,a1D \b hb\ ]`\Saf\/Sb , f`*Y1D

`S/q , f`*YE Sada Sag1Wq1b aW1]mf S V*W1VD * ob\


/1bS -`\YV\ aW*,qb Sada*D  a,qk1ZZSVS ]`Sf\/qb , q`\abn
S a]`*jS,*pb 1-\B wm aWmjSjnE hb\ -\,\`qb /1bSHx
Sada \b,1h*1bB w*E q aWmjdD 1d31WS ,m ZSV\-/* Z1
hSb*WS , S+WSSB t4 dab Y*W1ZnVSf /1b1y \- dab`\Sb
f,*WdrHxD  /1bS ]`\/\W3*pb aW*,Sbn ]\ab*,W1ZZ\-\ \-\Y
g*`qD
*4,1 Ym Z1 f\bSY +mbn ]\f\3SYS Z* obSf /1b1yH
\4Y\3Z\E Vb\Ob\ Y1j*1b Z*Y `*aaV*4m,*bn \ g*`ab,1 \-*D \
Ym ]\abd]*1Y ]`*,SWnZ\E 1aWS S /*Wnj1 `*aaV*4m,*1Y /`d-SY
\ b\YE hb\ Sada , +d/dk1Y a/1W*1b /Wq Wp/1yD

\-/* Sada +mW Z* 41YW1E 1k1 Z1 ]`SjW\ ,`1YqE hb\+m

\Z ]`*,SW V*V g*`nD \-/* 31 ob\ ,`1Yq ]`S/1bH + ob\Y f\bqb
4Z*bn S dh1ZSVS Sada*D m ]`\hSb*1Y \+ ob\Y , aW1/dpk1Y
*be1q 65B5P5;C \*ZZ* 56B56P5:
`*aaV*41D





=<

 Z*f\/Sbaq Z* *aWShZ\y -\`1D q/\Y a ZSY



aS/qb h1bm`1 1-\ *]\ab\W* P `\/Zm1 +`*bnq
1b`
S Z/`1yE * b*V31 +`*bnq *V\, S \*ZZD *Y ,/*WS ,S/1Z
1`da*WSYaVSy f`*YD

\aW1 b\-\ V*V Sada ,l1f*W , 1`da*WSY Z* \aW1ZV1E


]`\jW\ d31 /,* /ZqD 1-\/Zq ,b\`ZSVD Sada d31 +mW
, f`*Y1D *Y a,qk1ZZSVS ]mb*WSan af,*bSbn 1-\E hb\+m
d+SbnD \ \ZS ]\+\qWSan Z*`\/*E V\b\`my Wp+Sb Sada*D
+`*k*qan V obSY `1WS-S\4ZmY `dV\,\/Sb1WqYE Sada
aV*4*WB wm 4Y1S S amZ\,nq 4Y1yIx *V31 \Z ]`1/d]`1/SW
SfE hb\ \- Z*V*31b Sf 4* 4Wm1 /1W*D
\aW1 ob\-\ Sada
]\/ZSY*1baq Z* *aWShZdp -\`dD *Y h1bm`1 *]\ab\W*
4*/*pb 1Yd ,\]`\amD Z*1jn V*VS1H

]\ab\Wm a]`*jS,*pb Sada* \ +d/dk1YD ZS 4Z*pbE



hb\ Sada dab`*ZSb a 41YWS ,a1 4W\D \ \ZS f\bqb 4Z*bnE

V\-/* ob\ +d/1bD \-/* Sada ,1`Z1baq S ab*Z1b ]`*,Sbn
V*V *`nH
Sada 4Z*1bE hb\ 1-\ ]\aW1/\,*b1WS Z* 41YW1 Z1 d,S/qbE
V*V \Z ,\4,`*bSbaqD
\b\Yd hb\ \Z +d/1b Z* Z1+1E * b*Y
1-\ Z1,\4Y\3Z\ d,S/1bnD
\ob\Yd Sada `*aaV*4m,*1b
*]\ab\W*YE V*VS1 a\+mbSq ]`\S4\y/db Z* 41YW1E V\-/* \Z
+d/1b ]`*,Sbn V*V *`nD b\ ob\ 4* a\+mbSqH
Sada -\,\`SbE hb\ +d/db +\WnjS1 ,\yZmE YZ\-S1
Wp/S +d/db +\W1bn S -\W\/*bnE ]\,ap/d `*a]`\ab`*ZSbaq
Z*aSWS1 S +d/db +\WnjS1 41YW1b`qa1ZSqD *V31 Sada
]`1/aV*4m,*1bE hb\ ]\ ,a1y 41YW1 +d/1b ]`\]\,1/\,*bnaq
+W*-*q ,1abn \ g*`ab,1 \-*D
`\Saf\/qb WS obS a\+mbSq
, Z*j1 ,`1YqH 1a\YZ1ZZ\I
\ob\Yd Ym Y\31Y +mbn
d,1`1ZmE hb\ Sada d31 ]`*,Sb Z* Z1+1D V\`\ \Z ]\W\3Sb
V\Z1g ,a1Yd 4Wd Z* 41YW1D
*be1q 65B8:C 67B5P7=C 68B5P58C *`V* 57B7P5>

  


==

" d31 /,* /ZqE a1-\/Zq h1b,1`-E ,1h1`D Sada


S 56 *]\ab\W\, a\+`*WSan , +\Wnj\y ,1`fZ1y V\YZ*b1 Z*

]*af*WnZmy d3SZD 1W\,1VE V\b\`my df\/SbEP d/* aV*`S\bD



Z S/1b V a,qk1ZZSV*YE hb\+m ]\Y\hn SY af,*bSbn Sada*D

a1-\ 4* /1Zn /\ ob\-\ d/* ]`Sj1W V ZSY S a]`\aSWB w b\ ,m
/*/Sb1 YZ1E 1aWS q ]\Y\-d ,*Y af,*bSbn Sada*Hx P w`S/g*bn
a1`1+`qZmf Y\Z1bxEP ]\\+1k*WS \ZSD
\ob\Yd a1yh*a d/*

S/1b V ZSYE hb\+m ]\V*4*bnE -/1 Z*f\/Sbaq SadaD *4,1 ob\ Z1
d3*aZ\H

*af*WnZmy d3SZ 4*V\ZhSWaqD \ b1]1`n Sada Z*hSZ*1b



/`d-\y d3SZD 'b\b d3SZ P \a\+myD Sada /*1b *]\ab\W*Y fW1+

S -\,\`SbB wjnb1 1-\E ]\b\Yd hb\ \Z \4Z*h*1b Y\1 b1W\E V\b\`\1

+d/1b \b/*Z\ 4* ,*axD *b1Y \Z /*1b SY h*jd a ,SZ\Y S -\,\`SbB
w
1yb1 1-\E ]\b\Yd hb\ \Z\ \4Z*h*1b Y\p V`\,nE V\b\`*q


]`\Wn1baq 4* ,*axD  S+WSS ob\b d3SZ Z*4m,*1baq wd3SZ\Y

\a]\/*xD *V31 1-\ Z*4m,*pb 1h1`q \a]\/ZqD


4`*SWnbqZ1 1WS ]*af*WnZdp 1/dE hb\+m
Z*]\YZSbn a1+1 \ b\YE hb\ , -S]b1 *Z-1W \-*

]`\j1W YSY\ Sf /\Y\,E * , /\Y*f 1-S]bqZ d+SW ,a1f
]1`,1Zg1,D Sada f\h1bE hb\+m 1-\ ]\aW1/\,*b1WS

]\YZSWS \ Z1YE * b*V31 \ b\YE V*V \Z \b/*W 4* ZSf
a,\p 3S4ZnD
\ob\Yd \Z ]`\aSb Sf 131-\/Z\
dab`*S,*bn ob\b \a\+my d3SZD

\aW1 1h1`S \a]\/Z1y Sada ]`S4m,*1b


*]\ab\W\, +mbn aY1WmYS S aSWnZmYS , ,1`1D
 V\Zg1 \ZS ]\pb f,*W1+Zm1 ]1aZS \-d S df\/qbD
1yh*a d31 \h1Zn ]\4/Z\EP ,\4Y\3Z\E /*31
YSZ\,*W* ]\WZ\hnD *,*y ]\aY\b`SYE Vd/* \ZS
S/dbD
*be1q 6:B58P7>C dVS 66B5P7=C \*ZZ*E -W*,m 57P5;C 5 \`SZeqZ*Y 55B6>

   

5>>

 S *]\ab\Wm ,mf\/qb S4 ,1`fZ1y V\YZ*bm S S/db


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]`S4m,*1b *]\ab\W\, Z1 a]*bn S Y\WSbnaqD *b1Y \Z ]`\f\/Sb

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S V*3/my `*4E ,\4,`*k*qanE 4*ab*1b Sf a]qkSYSD w*V 31 ,m
Y\31b1 a]*bn , b*V\1 ,`1YqH P a]`*jS,*1b Sf SadaE

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, `dVS ,`*-\,xD

 b\b 31 YS- aWmjSbaq jdY ]`S+WS3*pk1yaq b\W]mD



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\q,Wqpbaq Wp/SE ,\\`d31ZZm1 Y1h*YS S /d+SZV*YSI
 ZSf , `dV*f -\`qkS1 e*V1WmE V\b\`mYS \ZS \a,1k*pb a1+1

/\`\-dD \-/* b\W]* ]`S+WS3*1baqE S4 Z11 ,mf\/Sb \/SZ
h1W\,1V S ]\/f\/Sb V SadadD Y\b`SE V*V \Z g1Wd1b Sada*D

'b\ d/* aV*`S\bI \ 4*h1Y \Z g1Wd1b Sada*H



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*E ]\g1Wdy aWd3Sb 4Z*V\YD *V d/* ]\V*4m,*1b Wp/qYE
V\b\`m1 ]`SjWS a ZSYE hb\ ob\ S 1abn SadaD \-/* ,`*-S

]\/f\/qb V Sadad S f,*b*pb 1-\D ,S/1, ob\E
1b` ]mb*1baq
4*kSbSbn Sada*D Z ,mf,*bm,*1b Y1h S 4*Y*fS,*1baq Z*

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1b`
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S Sag1Wq1b 1-\D
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1b`dB w1`ZS Y1h Z* Y1ab\D *4,1 bm Z1
4Z*1jnE hb\ q Y\-d ]\]`\aSbn Y\1-\ bg*E hb\+m \Z ]\aW*W YZ1
Z* ]\Y\kn bmaqhS *Z-1W\,Hx Sada Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 Y\31b
]\]`\aSbn a,\1-\ bg* ]\aW*bn *Z-1W\,I \ Sada Z1 ]`\aSb \+
ob\YE ,1/n \Z 4Z*1bE hb\ Z*ab*W\ ,`1YqE hb\+m ,`*-S 4*+`*WS
1-\D
\ob\Yd \ZS f,*b*pb 1-\ S d,\/qbD *,*y d4Z*1YE hb\
]`\Saf\/Sb a Sada\Y /*Wnj1D
*be1q 6:B7:P9:C dVS 66B7=P97C \*ZZ* 5<B5P56

  )

5>5

 E ]`\Saf\/Sb hb\Ob\ d3*aZ\1I Sada* V*4ZqbD


-\ ]`S-,\4/SWS V ab\W+dD  1-\ `dVS S Z\-S ,+SWS
-,\4/SD \ ]\h1Yd a Sada\Y \+\jWSan b*V 31ab\V\H

\b\Yd hb\ adk1ab,dpb a\4/*ZSqE V\b\`m1 Z1Z*,S/qb


Sada*D Z*1jnE Vb\ \ZSH /SZ S4 ZSf P *b*Z* nq,\WD 'b\
\Z ]\+d/SW /*Y* S ,d Z1 ]\aWdj*bnaq 1-\,dD Y1ZZ\
*b*Z* ]\+d/SW ,`*-\, Sada* a\,1`jSbn ob\ d3*aZ\1
]`1abd]W1ZS1D

`13/1 h1Y V*4ZSbn Sada* Z* ab\W+1E ,`*-S 31ab\V\


S4/1,*WSan Z*/ ZSYD
\YZSjnE V*V \ZS ]`SjWS , 1eaSY*ZO
aVSy a*/ S af,*bSWS Sada*H b\ ob\ +mWSH *E ob\ +mWS
`1WS-S\4Zm1 `dV\,\/Sb1WSD *,*y d4Z*1YE hb\ ]`\S4\jW\
/*Wnj1D
\-/* `1WS-S\4Zm1 `dV\,\/Sb1WS ]`Sf\/qb af,*bSbn
Sada*E *]\ab\Wm d+1-*pbD  ab`*f1 \ZS \ab*,Wqpb Sada*
a 1-\ ,`*-*YSD b+13*, Z* Z1V\b\`\1 `*aab\qZS1E *]\ab\Wm

1b` S \*ZZ \ab*pbaq Z1]\/*W1VdD ZS S/db aW1/\YE hb\+m


d,S/1bnE hb\ +d/1b a Sada\YD
,qk1ZZSVS ]`S,\/qb Sada* V ]\3SW\Yd h1W\,1Vd ]\
SY1ZS ZZ*E V\b\`my `*Znj1 +mW ]1`,\a,qk1ZZSV\YD \ 4/1an
\ZS \ab*pbaq Z1/\W-\D *b1Y Sada* \b,\/qb , /\Y

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`1WS-S\4Zm1 `dV\,\/Sb1WS V`Sh*bB wSada* aW1/d1b d+SbnIx

\b\Y \ZS ]Wppb 1Yd , WSg\ S +npb 1-\ VdW*V*YSD



 ob\ ,`1Yq
1b` Z*f\/Sbaq ,\ /,\`1D b\Sb f\W\/Z*q

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d V\ab`*E \/Z* aWd3*ZV*E ]\aY\b`1, Z*
1b`*E -\,\`SbB w'b\b

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1b` \b`Sg*1bB w1bE q Z1
+mWIx

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1b`dE hb\ \Z +mW a Sada\YD

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, b`1bSy `*4E Sada \+\`*hS,*1baq S aY\b`Sb Z* Z1-\D
1b`d
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]W*h1bD
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V
\ZbSp
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, Z1Y

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ob\-\
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SW*bdD

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\-/*
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d+SbnD

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\ \+1 ab\`\Zm
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a\ YZ\y , *pxD
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3S4ZS , Z\,\Y *p Z* 41YW1D *4,1 Ym ob\Yd Z1 `*/mH
*be1q 6:B9;P;9C 6;B5P9>C
dVS 66B98P;5C 67B5P8=C \*ZZ* 5<B56P8>C 5=B5P7>

& ;

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*]\ab\W *,1WD 1`14 b`S a ]\W\,SZ\y -\/*
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/\YdD

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, bp`nYd , SY1D 1`14 /,* -\/* 1-\ \a,\+\/SWSE
Z\ ]\b\Y aZ\,* ]\a*/SWS , bp`nYd S V*4ZSWSD
\+mbSqE \]Sa*ZZm1 , & h*abSE ]`\SaO
f\/SWS ]`SY1`Z\ , b1h1ZS1 b`S/g*bS /,df W1bD

 

5>6

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*-/*WSZ*D Z* \/Z* S4 b1fE Vb\ f\`\j\ 4Z*W Sada*D


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4*-Wq/m,*1b , aVW1]E Vd/* ]\W\3SWS b1W\ Sada*D \ b1W*
4/1an Z1bI b\ 31 1-\ 4*+`*WH *,*y d4Z*1YD

\aW1 aY1`bS Sada* a,qk1ZZSVS -\,\`qb


SW*bdB w\-/*

Sada 1k1 +mW 3S,E \Z ]`1/aV*4*WE hb\ h1`14 b`S /Zq
,\aV`1aZ1bD
\ob\Yd ]`SV*3S \f`*Zqbn aVW1]D \-/* dh1ZSVS
Sada* Z1 aY\-db dV`*abn 1-\ b1W\ S aV*4*bnE hb\ \Z ,\aV`1a

S4 Y1`b,mfIx
SW*b -\,\`Sb a,qk1ZZSV*YE hb\+m \ZS ]\aW*WS
,\SZ\, \f`*Zqbn aVW1]D
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,/`d- ]\q,Wq1baq *Z-1W 1-\,mD Z d+S`*1b \b aVW1]* V*Y1ZnD
b ab`*f* ,\SZm 4*abm,*pb Z* Y1ab1D  V\-/* \ZS 4*-Wq/m,*pb
, aVW1]E b1W* b*Y d31 Z1bI 1V\b\`m1 ,\SZm S/db , -\`\/

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/1W*pb obS 4Wm1 a,qk1ZZSVSH ZS /*pb ,\SZ*Y /1Z1S ]`\aqb Sf a\W-*bnD ,qk1ZZSVS ,1Wqb ,\SZ*YB wV*3Sb1E hb\
Z\hnpE ]\V* ,m a]*WSE ]`SjWS dh1ZSVS S dV`*WS b1W\xD
1Y ,`1Y1Z1Y V aVW1]d ]`Sf\/qb 31ZkSZmE V\b\`m1 f\`\j\
4Z*WS Sada*D *V 31 \ZS d/S,WqpbaqE d,S/1,E hb\ aVW1] ]dabI
1\3S/*ZZ\ ]\q,Wqpbaq /,* *Z-1W* , a,1`V*pk1y \/13/1D
w
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31ZkSZDP Z ,\aV`1aD /Sb1 aV\`11 S aV*3Sb1 \+ ob\Y 1-\
dh1ZSV*YxD *V 31 +mab`\ +1-db 31ZkSZmI \ ,/`d- Z* ]dbS
Sf \ab*Z*,WS,*1b V*V\yOb\ h1W\,1VD Z*1jn Vb\H 'b\ SadaI

w/Sb1 S `*aaV*3Sb1 \+\ ,a1Y Y\SY dh1ZSV*YxEP ,1WSb \ZD
1ZkSZm ]`Sf\/qb V dh1ZSV*Y S -\,\`qbE hb\ Sada
3S, S hb\ \ZS ,S/1WS 1-\D \ dh1ZSV*Y , ob\ b`d/Z\ ]\,1`SbnD

\ob\Yd
1b` S \*ZZ +1-db V aVW1]dE hb\+m d,S/1bn ,a1
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]dabI
1b` a \*ZZ\Y df\/qbE * *`Sq *-/*WSZ* \ab*1baqD
Z* 4*-Wq/m,*1b , aVW1] S ,S/Sb /,df *Z-1W\,D
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hb\+m \Z\ Sah14W\D \- ,\aV`1aSW Sada* Z1 , ]W\baV\Y b1W1E
, V\b\`\Y b\b dY1`D \- /*W Sadad Z\,\1E /df\,Z\1 b1W\ P
b*V\1 31E V*V d *Z-1W\, Z* Z1+1D \E V*V Ym d4Z*1YE SadaE
31W*q ]\V*4*bnE hb\ \Z 3S,E q,Wq1baq dh1ZSV*Y , b1W1E V\b\`\1
Y\-db d,S/1bn Wp/SD
*be1q 6;B:6P::C 6<B5P59C dVS 68B5P56C \*ZZ* 6>B5P56

 )))
  5>7

 
 




1b` S \*ZZ df\/qbE *`Sq \ab*1baq \/Z*D Z*
ab\Sb d aVW1]*E -/1 W13*W\ b1W\ Sada*E S ]W*h1bD
\b\YE
V*V ]\V*4*Z\ Z* ]`1/m/dk1y V*`bSZV1E \Z* Z*VW\Zq1baq
S 4*-Wq/m,*1b , aVW1]D *Y \Z* ,S/Sb /,df *Z-1W\,I ZS

a]`*jS,*pb 11B w
\h1Yd bm ]W*h1jnHx

*`Sq \b,1h*1bB w \1-\ \a]\/* 4*+`*WSE S q Z1 4Z*pE Vd/*


1-\ ]\W\3SWSxD *b1Y \Z* \+\`*hS,*1baq S ,S/Sb V*V\-\Ob\

h1W\,1V*D 'b\b h1W\,1V a]`*jS,*1b 11B w\-\ bm Sk1jnHx
*`Sq ]`SZSY*1b 1-\ 4* a*/\,ZSV* S /dY*1bE hb\ ob\ \Z

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YZ1E -/1 bm 1-\ ]\W\3SWxD \ Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 ob\ SadaD Z
q,SWaq , b1W1E , V\b\`\Y *`Sq Z1 d4Z*W* 1-\D \-/* 31 Sada
Z*4m,*1b *`Sp ]\ SY1ZSE \Z* ]\ZSY*1bE hb\ ob\ SadaD *`Sq
+13Sb V dh1ZSV*Y S -\,\`SbB w) ,S/1W* \a]\/*Ix
1h1`\Y b\-\ 31 /Zq V /,dY dh1ZSV*YE V\b\`m1 S/db , /1`1,O

Zp YY*daE ]\/f\/Sb h1W\,1VD h1ZSVS \h1Zn \]1h*W1Zm


aY1`bnp Sada*D
\ /\`\-1 h1W\,1V \+lqaZq1b SY YZ\-\ \b`m,O
V\, S4 S+WSSE S SY ab*Z\,Sbaq W1-h1D \-/* dh1ZSVS
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\-/* Sada Sah14*1bE * dh1ZSVS a`*4d 31 ,\4,`*k*pbaq
, 1`da*WSYE hb\+m `*aaV*4*bn \+ ob\Y *]\ab\W*YD
 ob\ ,`1Yq Sada q,Wq1baq
1b`dD \-/* \+ ob\Y d4Z*pb
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]`Sf\/qb b1 /,* dh1ZSV* S Z*f\/qb *]\ab\W\,D ZS -\,\`qbE
hb\ ]\ /\`\-1 SY b\31 q,SWaq SadaD  4Z*1jnE hb\ ]`\Saf\/Sb
, bd a*Ydp YSZdbdE V\-/* \ZS \+ ob\Y `*aaV*4m,*pbH

\aY\b`S Z* V*`bSZVdD 1aY\b`q Z* b\ hb\ /,1`n 4*]1`b*E


, V\YZ*b1 ]\q,Wq1baq SadaD *V 31 dh1ZSVS `*/mI *4,1 ob\
Z1 d/S,Sb1WnZmy /1ZnH \31jn WS bm a\ahSb*bnE aV\WnV\
`*4 Sada q,SWaq a,\SY dh1ZSV*YH
\WdhSW\an WS d b1+q
]qbn `*4H

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q,SWaq SadaD
\ob\Yd \ZS -\,\`qb 1YdB w m ,S/1WS \a]\/*Ix
\ \Y* \b,1h*1bE hb\ Z1 ]\,1`SbE ]\V* Z1 d,S/Sb Sada*
a\+ab,1ZZmYS -W*4*YSD  ,\bE a]dabq ,\a1Yn /Z1y dh1ZSVS
aZ\,* a\+S`*pbaq ,Y1ab1 S 4*]S`*pb /,1`SD \Y* Z*f\/Sbaq
a ZSYSD /`d- , V\YZ*b1 ]\q,Wq1baq SadaD 1]1`n \Y* b\31
,1`SbD
\*ZZ* 6>B55P6=C dVS 68B57P87

 
 # )


5>8

 ' /ZS Sada q,Wq1baq a,\SY ]\aW1/\,*b1WqY YZ\-\


`*4D /Z*3/m 1-\ ,S/qb a`*4d +\W11 ]qbSa\b dh1ZSV\,D

Z*1jnE \ h1Y `*aaV*4m,*1b SY SadaH  g*`ab,1 \-*D 1-\,*
]\aW*W Sada* Z* 41YWp dhSbn \ *`ab,1D
\ob\Yd Sada
`*aaV*4m,*1b \ *`ab,1 /*31 ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V \Z ,\aV`1a S4

Y1`b,mfD

\YZSjnE hb\ b*V\1 g*`ab,\ \-*H *E *`ab,\ P ob\ a*Y\1


Z*ab\qk11 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ \-*E V\b\`\1 Z*f\/Sbaq Z* Z1+1D
 Sada P ob\ *`nE V\b\`\-\ ,m+`*W \-D *V Ym d31 d4Z*WSE
V\-/* Sada +mW Z* 41YW1E \Z ]\V*4*WE hb\ +d/1b ]`1V`*aZmY

g*`1YD Sada V\`YSW -\W\/ZmfE Sag1WqW +\WnZmf S /*31
,\aV`1j*W dY1`jSfD

Sada +d/1b g*`ab,\,*bn Z* Z1+1


bmaqhd W1bD  V*V\y +d/1b 41YWq ,\
,`1Yq 1-\ ]`*,W1ZSqH *E ,aq 41YWq
ab*Z1b ]`1V`*aZmY `*1YD \Wnj1 Z1
+d/1b ,\yZE ]`1abd]Z\abSE +\W14Z1y
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558

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8B;E 6<C *beD :B77C dVS 5>B8>P86MD
*aaV*4 =5

Sada dhSbE aS/q Z* -\`1


5D
\aY\b`S Z* V*`bSZVdD /1 Sada dhSb Wp/1y S Vb\ aS/Sb +WS31
,a1f V Z1YdH

6D *V 4\,db 56 *]\ab\W\, Sada*H


7D  V*V\Y *`ab,1 `*aaV*4m,*1b SadaH

8D  h1Y Sada dhSb Wp/1y Y\WSbnaqH
9D *V Sada dhSb Wp/1y \+`*k*bnaq /`d- a /`d-\YH

\]\WZSb1WnZm1 ,\]`\am
5D `\hSb*y *be1q 9B5P56D

*V Ym Y\31Y ]\V*4*bnE hb\ \a\4Z*1Y a,\S /df\,Zm1 ]\b`1+Z\abSH
L *beD 9B7C SYD 5>B57P59C 5 SYD 8B57E 59E 5:MD
6D `\hSb*y *be1q 9B65P6:D

*V aW\,* S4 *be1q 9B67E 68 ]\/h1`VS,*pbE hb\ Z*jS \bZ\O
j1ZSq a f`SabS*ZaVSYS +`*bnqYS ,WSqpb Z* Z*jS ,4*SY\\bZ\O
j1ZSq a 1-\,\yH L *beD :B58E 59C
aD 577B5C \WD 7B57C 5 \*ZD
8B6>MD
7D `\hSb*y *be1q :B5P<D

\h1Yd f`SabS*Z*Y Zd3Z\ \ab1`1-*bnaq +mbn ]`*,1/ZmYS , a,\Sf



-W*4*f S , h1Y ob\ Y\31b ]`\q,WqbnaqH LdVS 5<B55E 56C 5 \`D 8B :E ;C
6 \`D =B;MD
8D `\hSb*y *be1q :B69P78D
*V Sada dhSW ]\W*-*bnaq Z* 1-\,d S ,1`SbnE hb\ \Z ]\4*+\bSbO
aq \ Z*jSf Y*b1`S*WnZmf ]\b`1+Z\abqfH LafD 5:B8C
aD 7;B69C W]D
8B:MD
9D `\hSb*y *be1q ;B5P55D
1Yd Z*a dhSb q`VSy Z*-Wq/Zmy ]`SY1`E 4*]Sa*ZZmy , *be1q
;B9H L
`SbD 6:B56C SYD 6B5C 58B5>C *VD 8B55E 56MD
*aaV*4 =6

Sada ,\aV`1j*1b dY1`jSf



5D b\ \b1g /1,\hVSE S4\+`*31ZZ\y Z* V*`bSZV1E S ]\h1Yd \Z S 1-\
31Z* \h1Zn ,\WZdpbaqH
6D b\ /1W*1b *S`E V\-/* Z*f\/Sb Sada*H
7D b\ ]`\Saf\/Sb ]\ /\`\-1 V /\Yd *S`* S V*Vdp ,1abn 1Yd ]`SO
Z\aqbH
8D
\h1Yd Wp/S , /\Y1 *S`* Z*aY1f*pbaq Z*/ Sada\YH
9D b\ /1W*1b SadaE 4*y/q a b`1Yq *]\ab\W*YS S `\/Sb1WqYS /1O
,\hVS , V\YZ*bdE -/1 \Z* W13SbH


:D \-\ 1k1 ,\aV`1aSW Sada S \ h1Y ob\ -\,\`SbH

\]\WZSb1WnZm1 ,\]`\am
5D `\hSb*y dVS <B8>P9:D
*V Sada ]`\q,SW +W*-\`*4dYS1 S a\hd,ab,S1 V 31ZkSZ1E ab`*O
/*,j1y V`\,\b1h1ZS1YE S h1Yd f`SabS*ZaVS1 ab*`1yjSZm Y\-db
Z*dhSbnaq Z* 1-\ ]`SY1`1H LdVS <B87E 88E 8;E 8<C 1,D 59B69P6;C
*beD =B56E 57C \WD 7B56P58MD
6D `\hSb*y dVS ;B55P5;D

\h1Yd b1E d V\-\ dY1` Vb\Ob\ S4 +WS4VSfE Y\-db h1`]*bn +\Wnj\1


db1j1ZS1 S4 aW\, Sada*E V\b\`m1 \Z aV*4*W ,/\,1 S4 *SZ*H LdO
VS ;B57C 6 \`D 5B7E 8C ,`D 8B59MD
7D `\hSb*y \*ZZ* 55B5;P88D
*V Sada ]\V*4*WE hb\ aV\`+1bn \ aY1`bS +WS4V\-\ a\,1`j1ZZ\
1ab1ab,1ZZ\H L\*ZD 55B77P7:E 7<C 6 *YD 5<B77C 5=B5P8MD
*aaV*4 =7

Sada V\`YSb YZ\31ab,\ Wp/1y


5D b\ aWdhSW\an a \*ZZ\Y `1abSb1W1Y S V*VS1 hd,ab,* ob\ ,mO
4m,*1b d Sada*H
6D *V Sada Z*V\`YSW Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 +mWS a ZSYE S aV\WnV\ 1/m

1k1 \ab*W\anH
7D 4O4* h1-\ Z\hnp dh1ZSVS ]d-*pbaq S hb\ ]`\Saf\/Sb a
1b`\YH
8D *V Sada V\`YSb Wp/1y ,\ ,b\`\y `*4H
9D
\h1Yd Ym Y\31Y `*/\,*bnaq b\YdE hb\ Sada +d/1b ]`*,Sbn

41YW1y V*V ]\ab*,W1ZZmy \-\Y *`nH

\]\WZSb1WnZm1 ,\]`\am
5D `\hSb*y *be1q 58B5P76D

*M b\ Ym d4Z*1Y \ f*`*Vb1`1
1b`* S4 *be1q 58B67P76H

+M *V S+WSq ]\V*4m,*1bE hb\
1b` /\abS- f`SabS*ZaV\y 4`1O
W\abS S aY\- ]`1\/\W1bn a,\p SY]dWnaS,Z\abnH L *beD 58B6;P7>C
\*ZD 5<B5>C 65B;C 1qZD 6B58E 7;P8>C 5
1bD 9B:E 5>MD
6D `\hSb*y *be1q 59B6=P7<D

*V Sada ]\V*4*WE hb\ /\`\3Sb b1YE hb\ /*1b 1-\ b1gH L *beD
59B7;C \*ZD :B56C \WD 7B59MD
7D `\hSb*y \*ZZ* :B5P65D
*V f`SabS*Z1E aW1/dq ]`SY1`d Sada*E \bZ\aqbaq V ,W*abqYH
L\*ZD :B59C *beD 66B65C SYD 56B6C 57B5P8MD

*aaV*4 =8

Z Wp+Sb Y*W1ZnVSf /1b1y



5D  h1Y a]\`qb *]\ab\WmE ,\4,`*k*qan S4 /WSb1WnZ\-\ ]db1j1abO
,SqH
6D
\h1Yd Sada ]\/4m,*1b Y*W1ZnV\-\ Y*WnhSV* S ab*,Sb 1-\ ]\aO
`1/S *]\ab\W\,H
7D 1Yd *]\ab\Wm /\W3Zm +mWS Z*dhSbnaq d /1b1yH
8D *V a]dabq Z1aV\WnV\ Y1aqg1, Sada ]`\q,Wq1b a,\p Wp+\,n V
/1bqYH

\]\WZSb1WnZm1 ,\]`\am
5D `\hSb*y *be1q 5<B5P8D

\h1Yd Sada dhSW ]`S ]\Y\kS Z*-Wq/Zmf ]`SY1`\,H L *beD


57B78E 7:C *`D 8B77E 78MD
6D `\hSb*y *be1q 5=B57P59D
*VS1 V*h1ab,*E ]`SadkS1 /1bqYE Ym /\W3Zm `*4,S,*bnE hb\+m ]\O
WdhSbn +W*-\aW\,1ZSq *`ab,*H L
aD 69B=C 57<B:C 5 \`D 58B6>MD
7D `\hSb*y *`V* =B77P7;D
1Yd Sada dhSW a,\Sf ]\aW1/\,*b1W1yE ]`1/\ab1`1-*q Sf \b
ab`1YW1ZSq V ,S/Z\Yd ]\W\31ZSpH L *`D =B79C *beD 6>B69E 6:C
*WD :B7C W]D 6B9P<MD
8D `\hSb*y *`V* 5>B57P5:D
*aV\WnV\ /\abd]ZmY +mW Sada S h1Yd ab*`1yjSZm Y\-db Z*dO
hSbnaq Z* 1-\ ]`SY1`1H L *`D :B7>P78C W]D 6B5P8C 5 SYD 8B56MD
*aaV*4 =9

*V Sada dhSb


5D b\ a]`*jS,*1b \/SZ h1W\,1V d Sada* S ]\h1YdH
6D *V SZ\-/* dhSb Sada S hb\ Ym d31 4Z*1Y \+ \bZ\j1ZSqf Sd/1O
1, S a*Y*`SbqZH
7D *Vdp Sab\`Sp `*aaV*4m,*1b Sada S hb\ ]`\Saf\/Sb a Sd/11Y
]\ /\`\-1 , 1`Sf\ZH
8D *V ]\abd]SWS a,qk1ZZSV S W1,SbE ]`\f\/S,jS1 b\y 31 /\`\-\yH
9D b\ ]\Y\-*1b S4+Sb\Yd Sd/1pH LY\b`S V*`bSZVdDM

:D  h1Y SadaE \V\ZhS, `*aaV*4E a]`*jS,*1b h1W\,1V*E 4*/*,j1-\
1Yd ,\]`\aE S V*V b\b \b,1h*1bH

\]\WZSb1WnZm1 ,\]`\am
5D `\hSb*y dVS 5>B69P7;D
*M *V Sada ]\Y\- h1W\,1VdE a,1/dk1Yd , *V\Z1E ]\`*4YmjWqbn
Z*/ ,\]`\a\YE ,Y1ab\ b\-\ hb\+m \b,1bSbn 1Yd ]`qY\H LdVS 5>B6:C
*beD 5:B57P5:MD
+M *V Sada ]`SY1ZqW Z*-Wq/Zm1 ]`SY1`mE ]\Y\-*q a,\SY aWdO
j*b1WqY ]`1\/\W1bn ]`1/d+13/1ZSqH LdVS 5>B7:E 7;C 5<B=P58C SO
bd 5B=MD
*aaV*4 =:

Sada Sag1Wq1b +\WnZmf


5D b\ /1W*1b SadaE V\-/* f\/Sb ]\ ab`*Z1H

6D  h1Y Sada a\\+k*1b a,\SY dh1ZSV*Y ]`SY1`Z\ h1`14 b`S -\/*
]\aW1 a,\1-\ V`1k1ZSqH

7D b\ S4\+`*31Z Z* V*`bSZV1 S hb\ Sada /1W*1b /Wq ob\y 31ZO
kSZmH
8D
\h1Yd \b,1b Sada* ]`Sabm/SW `1WS-S\4Zmf `dV\,\/Sb1O
W1yH
9D b\ Sada /1W*1b /Wq /,df aW1]mf ZSkSfE V\-/* \Z a *]\ab\W*O
YS Z*f\/Sbaq ,+WS4S -\`\/* 1`Sf\ZH
:D
\h1Yd Sada a\,1`j*1b hd/1a*H

\]\WZSb1WnZm1 ,\]`\am
5D `\hSb*y *be1q 59B7>E 75D
*VSY d/S,Sb1WnZmY \+`*4\Y aSW* 1-\,m ]`\q,WqW*an h1`14 SO

ada* S V*V ob\ ]`\WS,*1b a,1b Z* b\E hb\ 1-\,* \+1k*1b a/1W*bn ,
Z\,\Y YS`1H L
aD 7;B6=C aD 77B68MD
6D `\hSb*y dVS 57B5>P5;D

*V\1 S4+*,W1ZS1 Sada ]`SZ1a1b h1W\,1h1ab,d ,\ ,`1Yq mO
aqh1W1bZ1-\ ]`*,W1ZSqE ad/q ]\ b\Yd hb\ Z1V\b\`m1 a,\S a*O
Ym1 ,]1h*bWqpkS1 hd/1a* \Z a\,1`jSW SY1ZZ\ , ad++\bdH LdVS
57B5>P57C
aD 8:B=C *beD 56B<C \WD 6B5:E 5;C bVD 65B5P8MD
7D `\hSb*y *be1q 6>B6=P78D
*V ob\ ]\,1ab,\,*ZS1 ]\V*4m,*1bE hb\ Sada ZSV\-/* Z1 +mW Z*O
ab\WnV\ 4*ZqbE hb\+m \bV*4*bn Wp/qY , ]\Y\kSE S h1Yd ob\ Z*a
dhSbH Lb\`D 59B;C *VD 6B59E 5:C 5 \*ZD 7B5;MD

*aaV*4 =;

Sada ,l143*1b V*V g*`n



5D  h1Y Sada ]`\aSb a,\Sf dh1ZSV\,E ]`S/q , Z1+\Wnjdp /1`1,O
Zp Z1/*W1V\ \b 1`da*WSY*H
6D
\aY\b`S Z* V*`bSZVdD b\ ]`\Saf\/SbE V\-/* Sada ]\/l143*O
1b V 1`da*WSYdH
7D b\ /1W*pb /1bSE V\-/* ,S/qbE hb\ Sada Sag1Wq1b aW1]mf S V*W1VH
8D b\ Sada -\,\`Sb `*4-Z1,*ZZmY a,qk1ZZSV*YH
9D *V Ym Y\31Y ]\/`*3*bn /1bqYE V\b\`m1 ]`\aW*,Wqpb Sada*H
:D b\ f\bqb 4Z*bn dh1ZSVS Sada*H

\]\WZSb1WnZm1 ,\]`\am
5D `\hSb*y *be1q 65B5P5;D
*M *V Sada ,l1f*W , 1`da*WSY S h1Y ob\ \bWSh*W\an \b b\-\E
V*V ,l143*WS , -\`\/ ,\4,`*k*,jS1aq a ]\+1/\y `SYaVS1 ,\1Z*O
h*WnZSVSH L *beD 65B8E 9C *fD =B=C W]D 6B9P<C \WD 6B59MD
+M *V\y d`\V ]\/*WS /1bqY S4`*SWnaVS1 Y*WnhSVSE V\b\`m1 gSbSO

`\,*WS aW\,* S4 55<O-\
a*WY*E V\-/* Sada ,\j1W , f`*YH L *beD
65B=E 59C
aD 55<B69E 6:C 6 SYD 7B59C 6
1bD 7B5<MD
6D `\hSb*y \*ZZ* 56B56P5:D

\h1Yd Wp/S ]`S,1bab,\,*WS Sada*E /1`3* , `dV*f ]*WnY\,m1


,1b,SH L\*ZD 56B57C W]D 6B5>C bVD ;B=E 5>MD
*aaV*4 =<

* *aWShZ\y -\`1
5D
\V*3S Z* V*`bSZV1 Sada*D b\ aS/Sb `q/\Y a ZSYH
6D b\ ]mb*WSan a/1W*bn a,qk1ZZSVSE V\-/* Sada +mW , f`*Y1E S
hb\ aV*4*W SY SadaH

7D  h1Y *]\ab\Wm a]`*jS,*pb Sada*H
8D Wq h1-\ Sada `*aaV*4m,*1b *]\ab\W*Y \ a\+mbSqfE V\b\`m1
]`\S4\y/db Z* 41YW1E V\-/* \Z +d/1b ]`*,Sbn Z* Z1+1 V*V *`nH
9D *VS1 a\+mbSqE ]\ aW\,*Y Sada*E +d/db ]`\Saf\/Sbn ]1`1/ b1YE
V*V \Z ]\W\3Sb V\Z1g ,a1Yd 4Wd Z* 41YW1H

\]\WZSb1WnZm1 ,\]`\am
5D `\hSb*y *be1q 67B5P7=D
*M \bqE a\-W*aZ\ S+WSSE , \+`*k1ZSS V ]`1/ab*,Sb1WqY

a,1baV\y ,W*abS +m,*1b dY1abZmY Sa]\Wn4\,*bn bSbdWmE hb\ ]\V*O


4m,*pb aW\,* Sada* S4 *be1q 67B<P55 , \bZ\j1ZSS d]\b`1+W1O
ZSq -`\YVSf bSbdW\, , f`SabS*ZaV\Y a\+`*ZSSH L1qZD 6:B69C SYD
57B;C 5
1bD 6B57E 58MD
+M *V e*`Sa1S ]mb*WSan Y1j*bn Wp/qY ab*Z\,Sbnaq f`SabS*Z*YS
S V*V ]\/\+ZmYS Y1b\/*YS ]\Wn4dpbaq `1WS-S\4Zm1 `dV\,\/Sb1WS
a1-\/ZqH L *beD 67B57C dVS 55B96C \*ZD =B66C 56B86C 5 1aD 6B5:MD
6D `\hSb*y *be1q 68B5P58D

*M *V , *be1q 68B57 ]\/h1`VS,*1baq ,*3Z\abn ab\yV\abSH
+M b\ \4Z*h*1b aW\,\ wV\Z1gx , *be1q 68B57H L *beD 5:B6;C SYD
58B5>P56C 6 \`D 9B5>MD
7D `\hSb*y *`V* 57B7P5>D
*V aW\,* S4 *`V* 57B5> ]\V*4m,*pbE hb\ +W*-dp ,1abn Zd3O
Z\ ]`\]\,1/\,*bn +14\bW*-*b1WnZ\E S V h1Yd ob\ /\W3Z\ ]\+d3/*bn
Z*aH LSYD 57B55E 56C 5 \`D ;B6=P75C 6 SYD 8B6MD

*aaV*4 ==

 ,1`fZ1y V\YZ*b1
5D
\aY\b`S Z* V*`bSZVdH Wq h1-\ Sada S 56 *]\ab\W\, a\+`*O
WSan , +\Wnj\y ,1`fZ1y V\YZ*b1H
6D b\ ,mf\/Sb S4 V\YZ*bm S hb\ ob\b h1W\,1V a\+S`*1baq a/1W*bnH
7D *V\y \a\+my d3SZ Sada Z*hSZ*1b ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V 4*V*ZhS,*O
1baq ]*af*WnZmy d3SZH

8D  V*V\Y a\+mbSS S4`*SWnbqZ*Y Z*]\YSZ*W*
*af* S \ h1Y ]\aO
W1/\,*b1WqY Sada* Z*]\YSZ*1b ob\b \a\+my d3SZH
9D  h1Yd Sada ]`S4m,*1b a,\Sf ]\aW1/\,*b1W1y ]\aW1 1h1`S
\a]\/Z1y S hb\ \ZS /1W*pb , V\Zg1 d3SZ*H

\]\WZSb1WnZm1 ,\]`\am
5D `\hSb*y *be1q 6:B58P7>D
*M *V *be1q 6:B59 ]\V*4m,*1bE hb\ d/* Z*Y1`1ZZ\ ]`1/*W SO
ada*H
+M *VSY /,dY g1WqY aWd3Sb ]`\WSb*q V`\,n Sada*H L *beD
6:B6;E 6<C 1`D 75B75P77C 'eD 5B;C ,`D =B5=E 6>MD
6D `\hSb*y dVS 66B5P7=D

 V*V\Y aYmaW1 , d/d ,\j1W *b*Z*H LdVS 66B7C \*ZD 57B6C 1O
qZD 5B68E 69MD

7D `\hSb*y \*ZZ* 57B5P6>D


*M \3Z\ WS \+,SZqbn d/d , b\YE hb\ \Z a/1W*WE 1aWS ]`SZqbn ,\
,ZSY*ZS1 aW\,* S4 \*ZZ* 57B6E S V*V\y d`\V a\/1`3Sbaq , ob\Y
/Wq aWd3Sb1W1y \-*H L mbD 8B;C 6 \`D 6B55C *WD :B5C *VD 5B57E 58MD
+M *V\y 4*Y1h*b1WnZmy ]`SY1` \ab*,SW a,\SY dh1ZSV*Y SadaH
L\*ZD 57B59C *beD 67B55C 5
1bD 6B65MD
8D `\hSb*y \*ZZ* 5;B5P6:D
b\ SY1W , ,S/d SadaE V\-/* Y\WSWaq \ b\YE hb\+m 1-\ ]\aW1/\,*O
b1WS w+mWS \/Z\xH L\*ZD 5;B55E 65P67C SYD 57B<C 58B5=C \WD 7B58MD

*aaV*4 5>>

Sada , a*/d
5D d/* S/db Sada S 1-\ *]\ab\WmE ,my/q S4 ,1`fZ1y V\YZ*bmE S V
h1Yd \Z Sf ]`S4m,*1bH
6D b\ ,S/Sb SadaE V\-/* ,\4,`*k*1baq V *]\ab\W*YE S aV\WnV\
`*4 ob\ ]\,b\`q1baqH
7D b\ ]`Sf\/Sb , a*/ S hb\ /1W*1b d/* aV*`S\bH LY\b`S V*`O
bSZVdDM

8D *h1Y d/* g1Wd1b Sada* S hb\ /1W*1b
1b`H
9D b\ Sada -\,\`Sb
1b`d S ]\h1Yd Sada Z1 ]`\aSb \-* ]\O
aW*bn Z* ]\Y\kn *Z-1W\,H

\]\WZSb1WnZm1 ,\]`\am
5D `\hSb*y *be1q 6:B7:P9:D
*M *V Sada /*W a\,1b a,\SY dh1ZSV*Y S ]\h1Yd ob\ aWd3Sb ]`1VO
`*aZmY ]`SY1`\Y /Wq f`SabS*ZaVSf ab*`1yjSZ a1-\/ZqH L *beD
6>B69P6<C 6:B8>E 85C *WD 9B5;C 'eD 8B6=E 75E 76MD
+M *V Sada \bZ\aSWaq V Sa]\Wn4\,*ZSp \`d3Sq ]`\bS, +WS3O
ZSfH L *beD 6:B96C dVS :B6;E 6<C \*ZD 5<B7:MD
6D `\hSb*y dVS 66B7=P97D
\3Z\ WS Z* \aZ\,*ZSS b\-\E hb\ , 1eaSY*ZaV\Y a*/d V Sadad
q,SWaq *Z-1W S dV`1]SW 1-\E db,1`3/*bnE hb\ Sada ]\V\W1+*Waq ,
,1`1H +lqaZS LdVS 66B85P87C aD 8=B<C *beD 8B5>E 55C ,`D 9B;MD
7D `\hSb*y \*ZZ* 5<B5P56D
*V Sada 4*kSk*W a,\Sf dh1ZSV\, \b ]`\bS,ZSV\, S h1Yd Ym
dhSYaq Z* 1-\ ]`SY1`1H L\*ZD 5>B55E 56C 5<B5E :P=C ,`D 57B:C *VD
6B69MD

*aaV*4 5>5

Sada* V*4Zqb
5D b\ , ]1`,dp \h1`1/n ,SZ\,1Z , aY1`bS Sada*H
6D b\ /1W*pb *]\ab\WmE V\-/* `1WS-S\4Zm1 `dV\,\/Sb1WS f,*b*O
pb Sada*H
7D b\ ]`\Saf\/Sb , /\Y1 ]1`,\a,qk1ZZSV* *S*emH

8D
\h1Yd
1b` ,mf\/Sb S -\`nV\ ]W*h1bH
9D b\ V`Sh*b a,qk1ZZSVSE ]\aW1 b\-\ V*V Sada* \b]`*,Wqpb \+O
`*bZ\ V
SW*bdH

:D b\ ]`\Saf\/Sb , ]qbZSgd /Z1Y S hb\ Sada \+1k*1b \/Z\Yd S4

]`1abd]ZSV\,E V\b\`my V*4Z1Z Z* ab\W+1 `q/\Y a ZSYH
;D /1 +d/1b *yE \ V\b\`\Y -\,\`SW SadaH

\]\WZSb1WnZm1 ,\]`\am
5D `\hSb*y *be1q 6:B9;P;9D
*V hW1Zm Sd/1yaV\-\ ,1`f\,Z\-\ ad/* ]\V*4*WSE hb\ d ZSf +mWS
4Wm1 a1`/g*H L *beD 6:B9=E :;E :<MD
6D `\hSb*y *be1q 6;B5P9>D

\h1Yd Y\3Z\ aV*4*bnE hb\ d-`m41ZSq a\,1abSE V\b\`m1 ]\hd,ab,\O


,*W d/*E Z1 a,S/1b1Wnab,\,*WS \ ]\/WSZZ\Y `*aV*qZSSH L *beD
6;B7E 8C *`D 7B6=C 58B65C 6 \`D ;B5>E 55MD
7D `\hSb*y dVS 66B98P;5D
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