3.

1SystemDynamicsTool:
VensimPLETutorial1
IntroductiontoComputationalScience:
ModelingandSimulationfortheSciences
AngelaB.ShifletandGeorgeW.Shiflet
WoffordCollege
2011byPrincetonUniversityPress
Introduction
WecanusethesoftwareVensimPLEfromVentanaSystems,Inc.
(http://www.vensim.com/)tomodeldynamicsystems.Dynamicsystemsareusually
verycomplex,havingmanycomponentswithinvolvedrelationships.Forexample,we
canuseVensimtomodelthecompetitionamongdifferentspeciesforlimitedresourcesor
thechemicalreactionsofenzymekinetics.
Tounderstandthematerialofthistutorialsufficiently,werecommendthatyoudo
everythingthatisrequested.Whileworkingthroughthetutorial,answerQuickReview
Questionsinaseparatedocument.
InthefirsttutorialonVensimPLE,weconsideranexampleonunconstrained
growth.Inthisexample,therateofchangeofthepopulationisequalto10%ofthe
numberofindividualsinthepopulation,andtheinitialpopulationis100individuals.
Thus,wehavethefollowingdifferentialequation,orequationinvolvingaderivative:
dP
= 0.1P, P0 = 100
dt

Start running the software, perhaps by double-clicking the

Vensim PLE icon ( ). If a window does not appear as in Figure 3.1.1,
select New from the File menu. A Model Settings popup menu
appears (see Figure 3.1.10). Usually, when starting a new model, we
change some of the values in this window. However, until we have
had time to consider some of Vensim's features, accept the default
settings by clicking OK. A window appears as in Figure 3.1.1. In this
window, we can construct a diagram model with equations.

VensimPLETutorial1
Figure3.1.1

VensimPLEwindow

Thetitlebar,whichisatthetopofFigure3.1.1,containsthetext"Vensim
UnnamedVarFINALTIME."Themaintoolbarisbeneaththetitlebarandcontains
typicaliconsforOpenModel,Save,Print,Cut,Copy,andPaste,amongothers.Themost
importanticonsforbuildingamodel,thesketchtools,appeartowardstheleft,belowthe
maintoolbar,andimmediatelyabovethelarge,currentlyblankBuild(Sketch)Window.
Table3.1.1liststhesketchtools,andthefollowingsectionsdescribethemeaningsof
thesebuildingblocks.
Table3.1.1

BasicbuildingblocksofVensim

BuildingBlock

Icon

Meaning

VariableAuxiliary/Constantor
Converter
BoxVariableorStock

converts,storesequationorconstant,does
notaccumulate
noun,representssomethingthataccumulates

ArroworConnector

transmitsinputsandinformation

RateorFlow

verb,changesmagnitudeofaboxvariable
(stock)
BoxVariableorStock

InVensimPLEterminology,aboxvariableorstockisanounandrepresentssomething
thataccumulates.Someexamplesofstocksarepopulation,radioactivity,enzyme

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concentration,selfesteem,andmoney.Atanyinstant,themagnitudesofthestocksgive
usasnapshotofthesystem.
QuickReviewQuestion1 InVensim,clickontherectangularstockicon.Without
holdingdownthemousebutton,movethecursortowardsthetopmiddleofthe
window.Whatistheshapeofthecursor?
ClickintheBuildWindowtoinsertastockobject.Withoutclickingagain,typethe
nameofthestock,population.ThecontentsofthewindowshouldbesimilartoFigure
3.1.2.Tochangethenamelater,clickonceonthestockwiththeboxvariableiconand
typethenewnameandpressRETURNorENTER.
Figure3.1.2

Contentsofwindowafterinsertionofstockcalledpopulation

QuickReviewQuestion2 Selectthehandtool( )ontheleftofthesketchtoolbarand

thenclickonthestock'sname,population,andattempttodragthenamearoundthe
screen.Describewhathappens.
UndertheFilemenu,selectSave(orctrlsonaPCorcommandsonaMacintosh)
orclicktheSaveicononthemaintoolbartosaveyourworktoadisk.Useameaningful
nameforthefile,suchas"VensimforTutorial1."Saveyourworkfrequently.Thus,if
thereisapowerinterruption,youwillnotlosemuchofyourwork.Also,sometimesif
youmakeamistake,itiseasiertoclosethefilewithoutsavingandopentherecently
savedversion.

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RateorFlow

WhileastockisanouninthelanguageofVensim,arateorflowisaverb.Arateisan
activitythatchangesmagnitudeofaboxvariable(stock).Someexamplesofsuch
activitiesarebirthsinapopulation,decayofradioactivity,formationofanenzyme,
improvementofselfesteem,orgrowthofmoney.Therate(flow)iconrepresentsa
directedpipewithavalve.
Clickontherateicon.Clickacoupleofinchestotheleftofthestock,population;
andthenwithoutdragging,clickthestocksothatarectangularwithacursorappears.
Typeitsname,growth,intherectangleandpressRETURNorENTER.Thediagram
shouldappearsimilartoFigure3.1.3withtheflowbeginninginacloud,theether,which
inthisexampleisasource.
Figure3.1.3

Diagramafteradditionofgrowthrate(flow)

QuickReviewQuestion3 Dragthepopulationstockaroundtherightofthescreen.
Whathappenstothediagram?
Ifmovingthepopulationstockdoesnotresultintheflowarrowmoving,too,but
revealsanothercloud,youneedtodeletetheflowandcreateanotherthatattachestothe
stock.
Wecanchangethedirectionofflowfrombeingonlyintopopulationtobeinginto
andoutofthisreservoirsothatpopulationcanincreaseordecrease.Thus,weare
changingtheflowfromauniflowhavingonedirectiontoabiflowgoingintwo
directions.Tochangethedirection,wefirstselectthehandtool.Then,onthesmall
circletotheleftofthevalveforgrowth,rightclickwithaWindowscomputerorctrl
clickwithaMacintoshcomputer.Shouldwewishtoallowvaluestoflowinboth
directionsthroughthearrow,weclickthetopleftcheckboxforArrowheadandthenOK
inthepopupmenu(Figure3.1.4).Inthiscase,theflowwouldappearasinFigure3.1.5
witharrowheadsatbothendsrepresentingthepossibilitiesofadditiontoandremoval
fromthepopulation.

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Figure3.1.4

Popupmenuforthearrow

Figure3.1.5

Biflowforgrowth

Ifyouchangedtheflowtobeabiflow,restorethearrowtobeuniflowasinFigure
3.1.3byrightclicking(Windows)orctrlclicking(Macintosh)andunchecking
Arrowheadinthearrowpopupmenu(Figure3.1.4).
Saveyourwork.
VariableAuxiliary/ConstantorConverter
Wecanuseanauxiliaryvariableorconstant(converter)tomodifyanactivity.A
variableauxiliary/constantcanstoreanequationoraconstant.Forexample,withthe
populationmodelavariablemightstoretheconstantgrowthrate,say10%=0.1.
Asanexampleforradioactivedecay,radioactivesubstancebismuth210decaysto
radioactivesubstancepolonium210.WithArepresentingtheamountofbismuth210
andBtheamountofpolonium210,theratioB/Aissignificantinthemodelofdecay.An
auxiliaryvariablecanstorethisratio.
SelecttheVariableAuxiliary/Constanticon,whichhas"VAR"andapencilbut
nobox.Clickbelowandtotheleftoftheflowname,growth.Namethisconstant
growthrate.Blanksarepermissible.ThediagramshouldappearsimilartoFigure3.1.6.

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Figure3.1.6

Diagramafterinsertionofvariableauxiliary/constantgrowthrate

ArroworConnector
Anarroworconnectortransmitsaninputoranoutput.Forexample,inapopulation
model,anarrowcantransmitthegrowthratevaluefromthegrowthrateconstant
(converter)tothegrowthflow.
Inaradioactivedecaymodel,arrowsfromthebismuth210(A)stockandfromthe
polonium210(B)stocktoanauxiliaryvariablefortheratioofBoverAtransmitthe
respectiveamountsofradioactivityforusebytheauxiliaryvariable.
Inthepopulationmodel,boththegrowthrateandthecurrentpopulationaffectthe
currentgrowth.Forexample,ifthegrowthrateishigher,soisthegrowth.Moreover,a
largerpopulationexhibitsagreaterchangeinpopulation.Weindicatetheserelationships
byconnectingthegrowthrateconstantandthepopulationstock(boxvariable)tothe
flow(rate)growth.Afterselectingthearrowicon,clickgrowthrateandthengrowth.
TheresultingdiagramisasinFigure3.1.7a.Withoutselectinganothertool,wecanuse
thesametoolagain.ConnectpopulationtogrowthasinFigure3.1.7bbyclicking
population,clickingbelowandbetweenpopulationandgrowthtocreateanarch,and
thengrowth.Smallcirclesindicateanchorsthatwecandragtocreatearches.Saveyour
work.
Figure3.1.7
a

Arrows(connectors)drawntogrowthflow
b

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QuickReviewQuestion4 Forthearrowfromthestocktotheflow,selectthehandtool
andthenclickonthesmallcircleonthearrowanddragitaround.Whathappensto
thearrow?
QuickReviewQuestion5 Whathappenstothearrowasyoudragboxvariable
populationaroundthescreen?
Delete
Toremoveacomponentfromthediagram,weusethedeletetool( )orCutfromthe
Filemenu.Usingthedeletekeydoesnotcompletelyeliminatetheitemfromthemodel.
Selectthedeleteicon,whichisthesecondtothelasticonontherightinthesketch
toolbar.
QuickReviewQuestion6 Withthedeletetool,clickonpopulationtoremovethebox
variable.Whatiseliminated?
Whenweremoveanitemwithdeletetool,theprocesseliminatestheitemandall
connectedconnectorsandflows.Restorethemodeltoitspreviousformbyclosingthe
currentdocumentwithoutsavingandreopeningthedocument.Ifacomponentis
missing,recreatethemodeltoappearasinFigure3.1.7b.
EquationsandInitialValues
Wearenowreadytoenterequationsandinitialvalues.Tobegindefininganinitial
population,clickontheequationtool( ),whichisnexttothelasticonontherightof
thesketchtoolstoolbar.Thethreeitemsthatcanhavevaluesorequations(population,
growth,andgrowthrate)turnblack.Clickthepopulationvariable,andviewapopup
menuasinFigure3.1.8.Foraninitialpopulationof100bacteria,type100atthe
locationofthecursorintheInitialValuetextbox.ClicktheCheckSyntaxbuttonatthe
bottomleftofthepanel.IntheErrors:boximmediatelyabovethebutton,Vensim
respondsEquationOK.

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Figure3.1.8

Popupmenuafterclickingtheequationiconandpopulation

ThedropdownmenuforUnits:listsseveralalternatives,includingDmnlfor
dimensionless,whichweshouldusewhenavaluehasnounits.Becausetheappropriate
unitforpopulationisnotinthelist,wetypebacteriaafterUnits:.
Theboxesandtextoftheequationpanel(Figure3.1.8)indicatethatpopulationis
theintegral(INTEG)ofgrowthandtheinitialvalueofpopulationis100bacteria.
Hence,Vensimissayingthefollowing,wheretime(t)goesfromatob:
P=

growth dt

WedonotneedtounderstandintegrationtouseVensim.Aswediscussindetailin
Module3.2on"UnconstrainedGrowth,"incomputersimulationterms,thestatementis
equivalenttothefollowing:
(newpopulation) =(oldpopulation)+(changeinpopulation)
=(oldpopulation)+growth*dt
=(oldpopulation)+(growthover1unit)*(lengthoftimestep)
Tocompleteinputforpopulation,clickOKonthebottomleftofthepanel.
QuickReviewQuestion7 Toestablishthegrowthrateas10%=0.1,first,clickthe
constantgrowthratewiththeequationtool.Whatprecedesthetextboxcontaining
thecursor?
Type0.1inthetextbox.IntheUnits:textbox,type1/Hour,andclickOK.Notice
thatafterenteringagrowthrateandaninitialpopulation,thediagramelementsnolonger
appearblack.
Weoftenemployreplacementofblankswithunderscoresinthetexttoavoid
confusionwithcomponentnames.Thus,growthrateisequivalenttogrowth_rateinthis
tutorialandthetext.

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Unlikegrowth_rate,theflowgrowthisnotaconstant;butthegrowthinthe
populationchangeswithtimeasthepopulationchanges.Forourexample,atanyinstant,
therateofchangeinthepopulation,orgrowth,is10%(growth_rate)ofthecurrent
population(population).Incalculusterminology,theinstantaneousrateofchangeof
populationisthederivativeofpopulationwithrespecttotimet,sothatwehavethe
followingformula:
d(population )
= growth _ rate population
dt
= 0.1 population

Clickingongrowth,weseeapopupmenuasinFigure3.1.9.
Figure3.1.9

Popupmenuforgrowth

QuickReviewQuestion8 ThesubmenuChooseInitialVariableofthePopupmenu
forgrowth(Figure3.1.9)liststheitemsthathavearrowstogrowth,namely
populationandgrowth_rate.Weincludethesevariablesintheformulaforgrowth.
Forourexample,thisinstantaneousrateofchangeofpopulationis(0.1)
(population)bacteriaperhour.Using*formultiplicationandclickingonthe
appropriatevariablesinChooseInitialVariable,entertheformulaforgrowth.
Whatistheresultingformula?Fortheunits,typebacteria/Hour.ClickOK.
WecanverifythatourunitsareconsistentfromtheModelmenubyselectingUnits
Check.Unfortunately,Vensimindicatesthatwehaveoneerror.TheUnitsChecking
popupmenudisplaysthefollowinganalysis:
Errorinunitsforthefollowingequation:
population=
INTEG(growth,

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10

100)
population>bacteria
growth>bacteria/Hour
Analysisofunitserror:
Righthandandlefthandunitsdonotmatch
population
Hasunits:bacteria
INTEG(growth,
100)
Hasunits:Month*bacteria/Hour
Aninconsistency(inboldfacehere)inthetimeunitsbetweenHourandMonth
exists.TheproblemarisesfromthefactthatVensimusesadefaultunitofMonthfor
time.Tooverridethedefault,fromtheModelmenuweselectSettings....Intheresulting
ModelSettingspopupmenu(Figure3.1.10),wechangetheUnitsforTimetobeHours.
Thischangeshouldcorrecttheinconsistentunits,soclickOK.
Figure3.1.10

ModelSettingspopupmenu

QuickReviewQuestion9 Aftermakingthechangeofunits,performaunitscheckfrom
theModelmenu.Givethedisplayedmessage.
Forthisexample,letusalsochangethelengthofthesimulationandthetime
betweenstepsofthesimulation.Oncemore,selectSettings...fromtheModelmenu.In
theModelSettingspopupmenu(Figure3.1.10),leavetheINITIALTIMEas0Hours,
butchangetheFINALTIMEtobe12Hourssothatthesimulationdoesnotrunaslong.
Also,inthedropdownmenuforTIMESTEP,select0.125.Thus,calculationsforthe

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11

simulationwillbeevery0.125Hoursinsteadofeveryhour.Usually,asmallerTIME
STEPgeneratesmoreaccurateresultsbutcausesthesimulationtotakelonger.ClickOK.
ClickingtheDocumentAllicon(Docwithmultiplelinesontheicon)totheleft
sideoftheBuildWindowrevealstheformulas,whichEquationSet1displays.We
establishedvaluesfortheFINALTIME(12),INITIALTIME(0),TIMESTEP(0.125),
andunitsfortime(Hour)inModelSettingspopupmenu.Usingtheequationtool,we
setavalueforgrowth_rate(0.1),itsunit(1/Hour),aninitialvalueforpopulation(100),
itsunit(bacteria),andtheequationforgrowth(growth_rate*population).
Saveyourworkandcontinuesavingfrequently.
EquationSet1 Formulas
(1)FINALTIME=12
Units:Hour
Thefinaltimeforthesimulation.
(2)growth=
growthrate*population
Units:bacteria/Hour
(3)growthrate=
0.1
Units:1/Hour
(4)INITIALTIME=0
Units:Hour
Theinitialtimeforthesimulation.
(5)population=INTEG(
growth,
100)
Units:bacteria
(6)SAVEPER=
TIMESTEP
Units:Hour[0,?]
Thefrequencywithwhichoutputisstored.
(7)TIMESTEP=0.125
Units:Hour[0,?]
Thetimestepforthesimulation.
Comments
Documentingourworkisextremelyimportant.Wewantotherpeopletobeableto
understandthemodelasquicklyaspossible.Moreover,wecanveryeasilyforgetwhat
weintendedjustafewdaysorhoursago.Wemayhaveseveralverysimilarversionsof
thesamemodelthatweneedtodistinguishonefromanother.Wedonotwanttowaste

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ourownorsomeoneelse'stimebyhavingtodigdeeplyintothedifferentlevelsand
equationstounderstandthemodel.
QuickReviewQuestion10
Toenteracomment,clickthecommenticon( ),
whichisthefourthiconfromtherightonthesketchtoolbar,togetatextbox.
Whatistheshapeoftheresultingcursor?
ClicktowardsthetopmiddleoftheBuildWindowtoinsertthetextbox.Type
"UnconstrainedGrowthPopulationModel,"yourname,thedate,andanexplanationthat
themodelisforgrowthofapopulationwithnolimitingfactors.PressRETURN,
ENTER,orOK.Dragonthesmallcircle,calledahandle,attherightbottomcornerto
resizethetextbox.
QuickReviewQuestion11
commenticon?

Whatoccurswhenyouclickthetextboxwiththe

RunSimulation
Togenerateasimulationdatasetthatwecandisplayandgraph,weclicktheRuna
Simulationicon( ),whichappearsasarunningmanimmediatelytotherightofthe
textboxcontainingCurrent.Adisplayofthetimesappearsasthesimulationprogresses.
Whencomplete,thenameoftheresultingdatasetisCurrent,thenameinthetextbox.
Wecanchangethesimulationsetup,suchastheTIMESTEPorlengthofthesimulation,
andgenerateanotherdatasetusingadifferentname.
QuickReviewQuestion12

Howmanytimeunitsdoesthesimulationrun?

QuickReviewQuestion13
ClickontheRunaSimulationiconagain.Givethe
messagethatappears.ClickYestorunthesimulationagainandoverwritethe
dataset.
Graphs
TheGraphicon( )appearsasapictureoftwosmallgraphstothemiddle,leftofthe
BuildWindow.Afterclickingthisicon,agraphpopupwindowofpopulationversus
Timeappearsimmediately(seeFigure3.1.11).Adjusttheplacementofthegraphby
draggingonitstitlebar.Dragonanedgetochangethesizeofthegraphpopupwindow.

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Figure3.1.11

13

GraphofpopulationversusTime

QuickReviewQuestion14
populationtodouble?

Abouthowmanytimeunitsdoesittakefortheinitial

QuickReviewQuestion15
happens?

Clickoutsideofthegraphpopupwindow.What

Toredisplayoutput,suchasagraphortablethatnolongerisselectedbecausewe
clickedoutsideitswindow,clickontheappropriatewindoworclicktheOutput
Windowsshow/circulateicon( ),whichisthesecondiconfromtherightonthemain
(top)toolbar.Ifwecloseanoutputwindow,theshow/circulatedoesnotreactivatethe
display.
Frequently,wewantmorecontroloveragraphicaldisplay,suchasdesignatinga
titleorhavingmorethanoneplotappearonthesamegraph.Todoso,clickonthe
controlpanelicon( )inthefarrightofthemaintoolbar.ClickontheGraphstabon
theright,topoftheresultingControlPanelsothatthepanelappearsasinFigure3.1.12.

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Figure3.1.12

14

Controlpanel

Tostartanewgraph,clicktheNewbuttontowardstheright,bottomofthecontrol
panel.Agraphicspanel(Figure3.1.13)appearsthatenablesustospecifyanumberof
graphcharacteristics.Forthetitle,type"GrowthandPopulation"intheTitletextbox.
UnderVariableontheleftbottom,clicktheSelbuttonandselectgrowthinthepopup
menu.Repeattheprocess,selectingpopulation,forthevariableinthenextrow.Click
OKtoreturntothecontrolpanel.
Figure3.1.13

Graphicspanel

QuickReviewQuestion16
a.
b.

Whatnameappearsinthelargecontrolpaneltextbox?
Howisthisnamerelatedtothetitleofthegraph?

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Toviewthegraph,whichappearsinFigure3.1.14,clicktheDisplaybuttononthe
leftbottomofthecontrolpanel.Becausethegraphsofgrowthandpopulationhavethe
sameshapeandthescalesaredifferent,thetwographsappearontopofeachother.To
showthegraphsonthesamescale,returntothecontrolpanelandclickModify.Inthe
resultinggraphicspanel,clickontheScalecheckboxbetweenandtotheleftofthe
variablesgrowthandpopulation.Sothatyournameappearsonthegraph,placeyour
nameinparenthesesattheendofthetitle.ClickOKandthenDisplayinthecontrol
panel.
Figure3.1.14

Graphofgrowthandpopulationusingdifferentscales

QuickReviewQuestion17
Describethedifferencesinthecurrentgraph,which
employsthesamescaleforbothvariables,andthegraphofFigure3.1.14.
Bydefault,Vensimusesdifferentcolorstodistinguishbetweenthegraphs.Toprint
withablackandwhiteprinter,wehaveseveralalternativesavailablethrough
PreferencesontheVensimPLEmenu(Figure3.1.15).TohaveVensimnumbereach
plot,clickShowLineMarkersonGraphLinescheckboxatthetopleft.Otheruseful
optionsintheColorforDisplay,Print&Clipboardsectioninthemiddleofthepanelare
MonochromeforblackandwhitegraphsandOnlysolidlinesforsolidlinesinsteadof
dottedanddashedones.

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Figure3.1.15

16

Preferencespanel

QuickReviewQuestion18
Bymakingonechangeatatimeintheoptionspanel
andthenredisplayingthegraphfromthecontrolpanel,describethechange(s)
causedbyclickingeachofthefollowing:
a.
b.
c.

ShowLineMarkersonGraphLines
Monochrome
Onlysolidlines

Topreservethisgraphregardlessofwhatotherchangeswemake,clickthelock
iconatthetopleftofthegraphwindow(seeFigure3.1.14).Clickthenexticon,and
printthegraph.TheExportwindowcontentsiconcopiesthetabletotheclipboardfor
pastingintoanotherapplication,suchasawordprocessingdocument.
Tables
Westartgeneratingatableinthesamewaywedidgraphsbyclickingonthecontrol
paneliconontherightofthemaintoolbar.Fromthecontrolpanel,wecandevelopa
newtableormodifyanexistingone.Forthisexample,selectthegraph'stitle,
Growth_and_Population,andclickCopy.Theresultingpanelhasacopyofthe
informationtocreateagraphofgrowthandpopulation.ClicktheAsTable...buttonin
themiddlebottomofthecontrolpaneltoseethetablepanel,Figure3.1.16.IntheTable

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Nametextboxonthetopleft,changethenameofthetablefrom
Growth_and_Population_0toGrowth_and_Population_Table.ClicktheRunningdown
checkboxintheTimesectionontherightsothatthetimevaluesappearinacolumn
downthepage.ClickOK.TheresultingtableappearsasinTable3.1.2.
Figure3.1.16

Tablepanel

Table3.1.2

Tableofgrowthandpopulation

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QuickReviewQuestion19

18
Givethelastrowofthetable.

QuickReviewQuestion20
InthecontrolpanelafterselectingModifyfor
Growth_and_Population_Table,makethefollowingchanges:HaveTimegofrom
5to10;havetheCellWidthoftheFirstcolumnbe20andoftheRestbe14;andin
theTableContentwindowdragtohavegrowthappearafterpopulation.Describe
thefirstandlasttwolinesofsimulateddataintheresultingtable.
Printthetable.
Input/OutputTools
Wecanchangeinitialvaluesandconstantsinthemodelbyselectingtheequationtool
andthenclickingthedesiredvariable.Foravisualdisplay,clicktheInputOutput
Objecticon( )totherightofthesketchtools.Clickinthemodelworkareatoplace
theobject.Immediately,theInputOutputObjectSettingspanelappears(seeFigure
3.1.17).ClickConstantandselectgrowthrate.Havevaluesrangefrom0to0.2.After
clickingOK,weseeasliderbarforgrowthrate.TheSETicon(
datasetnameactivatesthesliderbar.
Figure3.1.17

InputOutputObjectSettingspanel

QuickReviewQuestion21
following:
a.
b.

)totheleftofthe

AfterclickingSET,Givetheappearanceofeachofthe

Thesliderbar
growth_rate

Typeordragtoobtain0.09asanalternativevalueforgrowth_rate.Changethe
nameofthedatasettoCurrent09.ClicktheRunaSimulationicontotherightofthe
datasetnametorunasimulationwiththenewvalueforgrowth_rate.ClicktheRuna

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Simulationiconagain.Toendthesetupwithoutrunningasimulationandreturn
growth_ratetoitsdefaultvalue,clicktheSTOPicon( )totheleftofthedatasetname.
PrintthemodeldiagramandtheequationsviewedbyclickingDocontheleft.You
havealreadyprintedagraphandtable.SaveandQuitVensim.
References
Kirkwood,CraigW.,updatedbyJenniferCihlaVender.2002.VensimPLEQuick
ReferenceandTutorial,VentanaSystems,Inc.
http://www.public.asu.edu/~kirkwood/sysdyn/VenPLE.pdf.Accessed:5/5/11.
Shodor.2011.Vensim@Shodor.http://www.shodor.org/tutorials/vensim/.Accessed:
5/5/11.
Shodor.2011.VensimPLEInput/OutputObjects.
http://www.shodor.org/tutorials/vensim/IOmain.php.Accessed:5/5/11.
Shodor.2011.VensimPLEModelManagement.http://www.shodor.org/tutorials/vensim/
MMmain.php.Accessed:5/5/11.
Shodor.2011.VensimPLEOnlineTutorial.
http://www.shodor.org/tutorials/vensim/pre.php.Accessed:5/5/11.
Shodor.2011.VensimPLESyntheSymQuickGuide.
http://www.shodor.org/tutorials/vensim/SSmain.php.Accessed:5/5/11.
VensimVersion5ModelingGuide.2010.VentanaSystems,Inc.
http://www.vensim.com/.Accessed:5/5/11.
VensimVersion5ReferenceManual.2010.VentanaSystems,Inc.
http://www.vensim.com/.Accessed:5/5/11.
VensimVersion5User'sGuideVersion5.2010.VentanaSystems,Inc.
http://www.vensim.com/.Accessed:5/5/11.