Stvess Wans fer mations - Sometimes wont fp find stress state at ollentation different bron applied Svess fo e4. Clack. + Shesses Nery Utt avi entedtion \ Normal sheov a the crock Shesses on cock fac =? be = in 4 enerall consider element m plne shess + all shesses iA one plane j Usually take fo be x-y plane Oz=0 Oxez0 a4 64x20 Ne Try what is equivalent Shess state ~ —* OM folaled element? x (shew ew often Txy )®e8 090 vert fy find uant to find ® © Positive Combe clockwise Cecw) 6 define x yy axes (orted by @ ccw UIA espa fe xy axes. x One fox, 1 Txy, ®) Gin = f, (Oy Ty, Try OY Tan fs (xy oq, Tey, 0) Hese fe latiasls ps Mortimurt Nofmal stress . : : . | PAndyal Sivesics Mini mum maximum Shear shess- Consider static equilibanm da hedge: Atak of LEFT Fag = A, Aten oF Botton FA = Ate Ate 6F INCUINED Mee = Ao ae Zirz0 Ziyro Aigebo, Wig icowtites see Geet Goodve p 512-73 Ox, = x+y + (eam) ere + Tey Sin2@ 2 2 Une = -~ (G-cy\sin2e + Cy as2e 2 (S21) a 4, Obtained from ein fw Tr vith O= Oto" On F (“see (mr) Gs2e - Ty sm2e 2 ZzNole alsa: oy, + Oy = Oy ee + Sum of neimal Swesses acting on tuo 1 faces of on ele nent M Plane shes is Conskut j independent gf 2 Example: “element sees stress stale Shoun below " Glculate stress state an element falated IS* ow + Sheth sheses om sotmted element: 7 atopa ae Crags = 4G = na Comp). 1 ke Fem” Ian —y } O=-15° fos ex SRS 22.6 Ht Cong Ox= -4onPa Ox, = - 32.6 Wee Ty = (2 HP. Or-1s" Cay = HL MPa To NIM Pos tai eeORF 2 -HO+I2 2 LHR Sin2e a 2 OK - “4HO-*12 | oq Pa ws 26 2 ox, aio) . e a) ws2e + Cag Sin 20 r z = sin @%0) 270.8 = Gs (-Se) = 0. 106 = 11 © (29\(o.ged) + C-19\ (-0.8) = - 32.6 MPa Cre = ~ (mh) Sin2@ 4 Ty cs2O = - Gra) (-o.s) + (-19) (0. 8c6) - 31.0 MPa, = (es A esd -T, - — (-298\(. 66) - (-14) (-0.8) = -1.4 MPa ou = oese4 = -NF 4 SZE Noke: Ge toy = 32.6-1.4 = -34Mee TG = -4OHI2 Vv F-syMeaPring pal Sexes » for farilne, interested in word mum Values A Nosmal + Sheer Shesses, Maximum notmal stress w i + } Princé pal Stresses Minimum nasal Shess Sy. = Onto 4 fe =o) @s20 + Ty sin2@ 2 2 set dou 20 Aud O at Uhich oy de 25%) 2 C2) (Oe-a sin2e, + 2 Try cos2e de (=%) : 1 : ton 2 ZG On-% Gp - angle of rotation of prindpal Planes, on whic Pancipal sireses act + two values that differ by 4o* (24 planes) + One Value Dehua O £ Ga* 8 « Hot ¢ 180° Max, or min- 0 ° + one Value one Value Max, nasal ma Sten, G Natwal shes, G+ Value fr principal shes fomd dy Substititing fv Gp tm Gy eqn, + Molt, fe Subshttio: Yan 26, > 2T xy Ce |™ ~ 2 = positive root CS 26p= T*-% Sin 2@p = Taq 26@ Subst hting mh &&: Oxy (8+ Gp) = O = On+Cy 4 Oe -6y Ges2ep + Tny Sin20p z z = ety 4 [Oe Lg Taw oe (* ) z on = O40 + Bt z a L 2 4 Txg = x+y 4 Cs a® s min. value of principal ses ach ma Plare nawal to Oy called 6 C+, = Hey OL Oey - 4 = +6, gt |(= = ae c at =e) +ty = out) = (60% tt 2 oa) » pind pal shesses given Dye On +o. Cy. = “AER s (sey eo sto math Op wih GQ aw & , Subsite Gp Mt equ fy Te toy = 6, Gp Gi espnde be © ft Seg a | “og,Mse, te Cow caloulale Sheay sheses on prindocl plones \ . pel (Tain = “Pee SiN2@p 4T py CoS2@p 2 = [6 -6,\ T 6 (58) Sr + (SH) =-= 6 + Shea stesses ae Always ee on pindpal pleasT- Bone a Hum EVouumans. SVEN ce FRUDAY vided,Haximun Shee stress : fine cofahion of plane on which sheer shess is maxi mn by setting dTy/de <0 Crys = aC erect) Sin2e + Try cos 20 2 Slug 2 - (6,-5) cos2@, - 2Ty sin2O, =O de e; = angle of romtion of plane on which Cxy Max of min - one value between O 440° , one value behxeen Aor 180° - hwo values Separated by 40°; act on 2 1 planes + Tan L planes equal m magni hade, di fleet tr directionMaw Sheey 5 vess a... - at 2e, = ton (2ep + 90) “. 205 = 26, = 40° Os > Op A 4st —=9 planes & Twax at 4S* fe pind pel Planes if Oe, = angle af romhom of plane of max. normal shes, P ) f P 4 aon | . mS a. Ss (pos) @, = S, -4s*magni nde of man Shee Stress given by: subsh han Sin 2@,= - fut 2e@ cos 205 = Try z Tray, max (62 6,) = - (Sm Sin2e, 4 Txy Cos 26s 2 [ (ss) 4 ,tm , Big 2 R Zz 2 Tmax = ( also, con shew 7 = GHGOn planes of max shee shes, alfo have nosmal stress v Ox, (676) = Oped : (s cos2Q 4 Try SiK2, 2 2 = OG) 4 (On-6\ Tey Z Try [Ox -6 TarG + (G25) Geo 5 Try ( Ome = Oth 2 - Similahy fv G,(62O) > Ox+% 2 Nolmal shesxs Ox, Ty oa planes Ht max. Shee shu ac Coy rel © (8:6) = roy rSumrrary Pind pal SWesses ton 26, = * (G) Og, = On - 4s Ty Ox > Oy = TtGHors Circle fo Plane Stress + SWess fvans formation eye aa be plotted guaphi ally > Horers ee Cc Ox = ae t (2%) C3 26 4 Try Sin 20 On - (Tx+o4 : ) : (5%) C326 + Try Sin26 © Try = (Peo sin2e + Try @s20 @ 2 Sq nant both sides of O+ © + Add them 2 2 6 eG Txu = [Ox-O4\* , Tee [™ (age) the = Gay + Subsh tutin O; 2 OKen ae : z 9 avg an 4 (=o 4 tm gives (6 - Sau)” + Ta ec. + eqn of Gecle UM Oy 1 Tuy as Coosdinates Gicle ceulved at Cada poiwh on the Circle, sWess skate or om plare C6 Sans Tey20)Us Fx-Fy\™ Cos* 28 + 2 /6u-G\ STO Try S020 oe Tr Sin? 20 ae.) a) el i e = + (sy swrte - oo Sie TB Tr, 28 + TR 228 z } = (fey 4 Tey @it wate positive x avis to be positive Tey “ “ Rega ve Y° — * t angle 26 is positive Ccw On tO cenks of circle | c:( S90 z - all poms on crcle sahshy Gx -Cays)* # Tay, 22 Sa each point on the Cycle 7 fe presents & Single fac fan Cox, Tr) ake f element.@ element frat sees Pind pal sivesses: PO = Ox tee 2 = 6, \ eel (Sex) avg Try. = 0 pe hoe Or epee = Cave - 2 2 af (Sx cs 5 PP. Sepaakd by 2e+ Iso =P A PL we pe/pendiculey Planes of element. (b) element that sees max. Sheer shess Sp Oxy = Ter 2 Sang 2 Tas = Tmax = (G24) Gt aap Si: Su = eit, Tang Zz Taye T aa : . xy mm (c#oH\ ce oe S,, 8, Sepoaled by 20-18 - 1 planes f Single clementConstvuction dt Hols Gucle for element in plane shess - face @=40° a : tov a given Skess stake, 4 Uy os GusVact TMohs Grcle x 6 (64, 0) O (4, U5) be 2m YA (6, Ty) 6-0" Ta sTo dvan Moy Gvcle: 1. locale cently of cucle at ¢ (5,2 Favs 1 xy 3) 2 locak a paint A covvesponding ' shess an x fau of Clement (On 6x ,feg tte) (ha bu fat 6-0) 3 locate a pri B @U/ expending to skess on y foe f ele meat Come oy , Cuy t- Tre) “Cthis fru at 26 = 180°) 4. line AB passes throws ¢ 5. dvav a arcle though A a B Ee ee fadins of Gucle Ts line CA ee (8) + Toy As expeded. 2© What is stale A chess mm element sotakd 8 CCW frown x avis? “On Now's arcle , A coretpnds bX fru , 6 +0" sess Stake om x, foc gin by pant on Now ewele folale2 26 aad eS Plone of maximum Shea s ress s, , Sp oa planes @ 26 =40* e-4c" apert fare panei pal plese SS, on plases Cofated 48° From pind pal places Notmal sess wm planes qf max. Sheer shess Sous, = roy) as defrre z Noles Usually use Hols Gecle as aid tn dsing Te eqn (dows obtain Values Gaphically).Example us 2 SAP element hw plare shess Try > 4M Pa ox = 15 MPa | 7 Oy > S MPa Oy = IHR Try + 4 MPa —_| i " Use Hohris Civcle te fed + Shesses CA element felaked “4or cow PAncipal shee - skuhe cles Max shev shes - skuth element © Diao Ho's circle cenky at Gaus, = Oth z fadius Bs [enya ch =) (SSN. he ean Wel _ lomMPa 2 Point A (right band fau, 70°) n= ISHPa Try = 4M B (le ~ > 240) Gye SHR toy 2 - anim(AN cm MP® Max. pinapal shess at P, tan 265, + _4 (Os 26, = 386° Gp, 2 19.3° ce Op, 2 19.3 #4 : poe 1% o> (04.3 @ shess skle fy 6+ Yor cow 20+ %° pert Ds cight hand faa of Molaked element Fy = 10 + R es (Bo -3%6)_ Try = - Rsin 44 = lo +t 64 wy 44 = -6.4 sin 44 = 14.8 MPa = -4.23 MPa coordinates of D' (y fad On = 1o- R@s4iy = S20 x; \4.8 APR Tru = @ Sind = 4.23 MPa 4.23 mea x@ (Wo) Princ pa Shesns PL Gorresponde to face With max. Princ pal shes O= Wr R= Or G4 > 16.4 AP Coresponds to fra WW MM. pring pal Shess O, = lo-@ = 3.6 ta Op, = 14© maximum shea sess y S) =? Max shew shess Op = lO HP Trg, = 22 6.4 MPa Gy, = to MPa. SA aagle ACS, = 40-386 > 1.4" 265, =-51.4° Os,>- 28.4"Example 2. = lon element fn plane Shess : Oy = 20 MPa — —— Sy = -lo NPG Px? 20 HR Try 2 <5 Ma SFT Tye HP, use Hal's Crele fo find : Skess shte arelemmt rafated - 30° (j.¢, 30 CW) “Panui pal planes § sketch element * element Uith Max. Shee SSI e SketUL ele net. ® Drawn WWes rele > SMf z A = a 2 : eS). tadus, & [ (extn + te, > Gexte) O90" 2 scm tie pomt A (xfra, 620) Gye 20 MPa Tay = “SP, pomt B Cy fo, 8240") Sy > “IRR Try = SMP cenky at Geng 2 Ox , 2-10 =Max pinapal stress @ P, 2G, = - 184° Op = 7.2" Op, = 0.8" Tan 2p, = (a\ sles stake on element (atated - 30° 20 = -Co"; pom Dis xX, fre of (olled clenunt 60 - 18.4 = 4).6° Post D: Ox, = St A O4NG = S54 15.8 GSH6 = 16.8MPa. Uxy, = 2sindne = IS Sm 4G = 1S MPa Past DY Cy, face , 10° fran x, farce, Ox, = S - R cose = S-1S 8 esib> -6.82A?a iV Cre =-Rsin 4.6 =-lo.s MPa. 16.8 MPa(bo) Pring pal Shess stale P, Conesponds to fae wilh max. Pain pal stress 6, = SR = C4 S.e = 2d. & HPQ Py Covesponds to face with mins Pind pal shess 6,2 S-2 = S-Sb e -loenpe. (Try, 2 0) Op, = - 4.2" Ye O 0 =-10.8MPa.CO maximum shee shess- S$, 2D max shea shess = 5 Hfa toy, * [. P Mes Oy = 5 WPa, angle - 205, = - (18.4490) = - 108.4 8 = - 54.2" Toga * Conus 215.5 MPa, CnPaHobr's Civcles- Special states of shess 24 (Auriaxial Se : "x as A (x, 0) Trungo equal biaxial Pasion » ee . i. tlolves circles fey 3D shess skubes cabe with pAncipal sbesses QIDr7eArppli cahians of Molv's a/cle Stresses at a cack faa Grace mech. uae + Gan find normal sess SA cack face (mode I) = 7 ee hee =. - (mode 2). be « tasian dt bAHK malevials - helical fracture. 1 to max. pindpel Shress O, Max kuik pancpalLab 2: Presswe Vessels pPrsswize Soda cons + measure Shain @ 0 48° G0 (chain ops) Calculate stress @ age Using Nehry civcle