2015106

Let (respectively, and ) be the field of complex (respectively, real and

rational) numbers equipped with the standard addition + and multiplication . Let
V = ( , ) consist of the functions that map to . Please determine whether V
is a vector space over , where +V is the standard addition of functions and V is the
standard scalar multiplication of functions, i.e.,

FCR

C R

def

(f +V g)(c) = f (c) + g(c)

def

(a V f )(c) = a (f (c))

for any f, g V , a , and c . If V is not a vector space over , then please

list each of the axioms of vector space that are violated by V with explanation. If
V is a vector space over , then please prove its associativity and (left and right)
distributivity.

Let V be a subset of vector space W over field F with +V (respectively, V )

inheriting +W (respectively, W ). Suppose that ax + y V holds for any a F and
x, y V .
1. Prove or disprove that 0W V follows from the following statement:
V contains an (identity) vector z satisfying x + z = z + x = x for any
xV.
2. Prove or disprove that 0W V follows from V 6= .
Let U and V be subspaces of vector space W . Prove or disprove that the
following subset of W is a subspace of W .
def

U V = {x + (y) | x U and y V } .
Let V be a vector space over field F . Prove the following statements for any
a F and x V .
1. a0V = 0F x = 0V .
2. (a)x = a(x) = (ax).
Prove or disprove that {T, F } equipped with the following operator is a
group.
1. OR.
2. NAND: x NAND y = T if and only if x AND y = F .